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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (14)
  • ddc:631.4  (14)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics  (9)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous  (8)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (16)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (14)
  • Agu  (10)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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Keywords
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Language
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  • 1
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    Continuous SO2 flux measurements for Vulcano Island, Italy (2014)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: The La Fossa cone of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy) is a closed conduit volcano. Today, Vulcano Island is characterized by sulfataric activity, with a large fumarolic field that is mainly located in the summit area. A scanning differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument designed by the Optical Sensing Group of Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg, Sweden, was installed in the framework of the European project "Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change", in March 2008. This study presents the first dataset of SO2 plume fluxes recorded for a closed volcanic system. Between 2008 and 2010, the SO2 fluxes recorded showed average values of 12 t.d—1 during the normal sulfataric activity of Vulcano Island, with one exceptional event of strong degassing that occurred between September and December, 2009, when the SO2 emissions reached up to 100 t.d—1.
    Description: Published
    Description: 301-308
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: SO2 ; Differential optical absorption spectroscopy ; Vulcano Island ; Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous ...: 2. Traction evolution and dynamic parameters (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the dynamic traction evolution during the spontaneous propagation of a 3-D earthquake rupture governed by slip-weakening or rate- and state-dependent constitutive laws and accounting for thermal pressurization effects. The analytical solutions as well as temperature and pore pressure evolutions are discussed in the companion paper by Bizzarri and Cocco. Our numerical experiments reveal that frictional heating and thermal pressurization modify traction evolution. The breakdown stress drop, the characteristic slip-weakening distance, and the fracture energy depend on the slipping zone thickness (2w) and hydraulic diffusivity (w). Thermally activated pore pressure changes caused by frictional heating yield temporal variations of the effective normal stress acting on the fault plane. In the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction, these thermal perturbations modify both the effective normal stress and the friction coefficient. Breakdown stress drop, slip-weakening distance, and specific fracture energy (J/m2) increase for decreasing values of hydraulic diffusivity and slipping zone thickness. We propose scaling relations to evaluate the effect of w and w on these physical parameters. We have also investigated the effects of choosing different evolution laws for the state variable. We have performed simulations accounting for the porosity evolution during the breakdown time. Our results point out that thermal pressurization modifies the shape of the slip-weakening curves. For particular configurations, the traction versus slip curves display a gradual and continuous weakening for increasing slip: in these cases, the definitions of a minimum residual stress and the slip-weakening distance become meaningless.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05304
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: thermal pressurization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Eruption early warning at Vesuvius: The A.D. 1631 lesson (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Knowledge of past precursor patterns is crucial for the correct interpretation of monitoring data and reliable volcano forecasting. In the case of Vesuvius, one of the world’s riskiest volcanoes, very little information is available about unrest signals following long periods of quiescence. The translation and analysis of three Latin treatises written from eye-witnesses immediately after the A.D. 1631 subplinian eruption allowed us to reconstruct the sequence of precursors. The progression in the signals was remarkably clear starting at least two to three weeks before the event. Widespread gas emission from the ground coupled with deformation was followed by an increase in seismic activity in the eight days before the eruption. Seismicity escalated both in frequency and intensity in the night before the eruption, heralding the opening of fissures on the volcanic cone. The details of phenomena occurring in the medium-term (months before the eruption) are difficult to evaluate, though it is worth noticing that no major tectonic earthquakes were felt in the area of the volcano. Civil protection preparedness plans should be organized in order to complete the evacuation of people in a time span significantly shorter than the duration of expected short-term precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18317
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; A. D. 1631 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Earthquake magnitude estimation from peak amplitudes of very early seismic signals on strong motion records (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We show that the low-pass filtered, peak amplitudes of initial P- and S-wave seismic signals recorded in the vicinity of an occurring earthquake source correlates with the earthquake magnitude and may be used for real-time estimation of the event size in seismic early warning applications. The earthquake size can be therefore estimated using only a couple of seconds of signal from the P- or S-wave onsets, i.e. while the rupture itself is still propagating and rupture dimension is far from complete. We argue that dynamic stress release and/or slip duration on the fault in the very early stage of seismic fracture, scales both with the observed peak amplitude and with the elastic energy available for fracture propagation. The probability that a fracture grows to a larger size should scale with the energy initially available.
    Description: Published
    Description: L23312
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous dynamic rupture propagation on a three-dimensional fault: 1. Methodological approach (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the role of frictional heating and thermal pressurization on earthquake ruptures by modeling the spontaneous propagation of a three-dimensional (3-D) crack on a planar fault governed by assigned constitutive laws and allowing the evolution of effective normal stress. We use both slip-weakening and rate- and state-dependent constitutive laws; in this latter case we employ the Linker and Dieterich evolution law for the state variable, and we couple the temporal variations of friction coefficient with those of effective normal stress. In the companion paper we investigate the effects of thermal pressurization on the dynamic traction evolution. We solve the 1-D heat conduction equation coupled with Darcy’s law for fluid flow in porous media. We obtain a relation that couples pore fluid pressure to the temperature evolution on the fault plane. We analytically solve the thermal pressurization problem by considering an appropriate heat source for a fault of finite thickness. Our modeling results show that thermal pressurization reduces the temperature increase caused by frictional heating. However, the effect of the slipping zone thickness on temperature changes is stronger than that of thermal pressurization, at least for a constant porosity model. Pore pressure and effective normal stress evolution affect the dynamic propagation of the earthquake rupture producing a shorter breakdown time and larger breakdown stress drop and rupture velocity. The evolution of the state variable in the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction laws is very different when thermal pressurization is active. In this case the evolution of the friction coefficient differs substantially from that inferred from a slip-weakening law. This implies that the traction evolution and the dynamic parameters are strongly affected by thermal pressurization.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05303
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: thermal pressurization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.
    Description: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 292-298
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Evidence of instantaneous dynamic triggering during the seismic sequence of year 2000 in south Iceland (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We analyze the coseismic stress perturbation during the 17 June 2000 south Iceland seismic sequence; the main shock (Ms 6.6) was followed by three large events within a few tens of seconds (8, 26, and 30 s) located within 80 km. The aim of this paper is to investigate short-term fault interaction and instantaneous triggering. This happens when a fault perturbed by a stress change fails before the end of the transient stress perturbation. We compute the shear, normal, and Coulomb stress changes as functions of time in a stratified elastic half-space by using discrete wave number and reflectivity methods. We calculate dynamic stresses caused by the main shock at the hypocenters of these three subsequent events. Our numerical results show that the onset of the last two events is slightly delayed with respect to the arrival time of the second positive peak of Coulomb stress variation, while the first event occurred after the first positive stress peak. We have also analyzed the response of a spring slider system representing a fault governed by a rate- and state-dependent friction law, perturbed by shear and normal stress variations caused by the main shock. The fault response to the computed stress perturbations is always clock advanced. We have found suitable constitutive parameters of the modeled fault that allow the instantaneous dynamic triggering of these three earthquakes. If the initial sliding velocity is comparable with the tectonic loading velocity, we obtained failure times close to the observed origin times for low values of the initial effective normal stress.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic sequence ; Iceland ; 2000 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Tracking magma dynamics by Laser Ablation (LA)-ICPMS trace element analysis of glass in volcanic ash: the 1995 activity of Mt. Etna (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Glass fragments in tephra erupted at Mt. Etna from May to December 1995 have been analyzed by laser ablation ICPMS. The trace element compositional variability of ashes deposited during this interval reveals the presence of discrete magma batches with different crystallization degrees in the shallow plumbing system. From May to October a highly crystalline magma is predominant within the conduit with only minor sporadic input of fresh and more primitive magma batches. After October new and less evolved magma batches become more prevalent and become progressively homogenized within more evolved resident magma. In December ashes closely match the chemistry of the volcanics subsequently erupted till February 1996. This study demonstrates that the trace element characterization of ashes has important implications for volcanic monitoring and is a useful tool for the forecasting of paroxysmal events at Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: L05304
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magma ; 1995 ; Mt Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    New insights into magma dynamics during last two eruptions of Mount Etna as inferred by geochemical monitoring from 2002 to 2005 (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two distinct eruptive events characterize the volcanic activity at Mount Etna during the 2002 to 2005 period.We identified signals of magma ascent preceding these eruptions by geochemical monitoring of both chemical composition and He-isotope ratio of gas emissions from five locations in the peripheral area of the volcano. The geochemical signals are interpreted using the models proposed by Caracausi et al. (2003a, 2003b) and allow identification of episodes of magma ascent and estimation of the pressures of degassing magma. As observed for the 2001 eruption (Caracausi et al., 2003b), magma ascent probably triggered the onset of the 2002–2003 eruption, and minor events of magma ascent were observed between May and December 2003. In contrast to the previous two eruptions, the 2004–2005 eruption was not preceded by significant geochemical signals of volcanic unrest, suggesting that this eruption was mainly triggered by the failure of the upper portion of the volcanic edifice under the magmatic hydrostatic pressure in the conduits. High 3He/4He ratio revealed new volatile-rich magma accumulation. The 2002–2003 eruption was preceded by a much shorter period of new magma accumulation from deep levels of the feeding system. Few minor signals of magma migration were detected at some of the sites during the months preceding the 2004–2005 eruption, suggesting that the degassed 3He-depleted magma resident in the volcanic conduits was not replaced by new volatile-rich magma. This is in agreement with the lack of explosive activity during the 2004–2005 eruption and with petrologic observations that the parent magma probably erupted in 2000 and 2001. New geochemical signals of magma ascent from the deep reservoir have been identified since June 2005, indicating that the volcanic activity of Mount Etna is evolving toward new pre-eruptive conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q06008
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: chemical composition ; geochemical monitoring ; He isotope ; magma migration. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa Crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Sulfur speciation in volcanic gases is a potentially valuable tracer of degassing processes at volcanoes. Hitherto, observations of sulfur speciation in volcanic gas plumes have however been limited both in number and quality. Here, we report on periodic measurements of SO2 to H2S proportions in the volcanic gases from La Fossa volcano (Vulcano Island) performed during 2004–2006, a period which encompasses two heating events of the fumarolic field in January–April 2005 and December 2005. Results indicate a systematic relative increase (by a factor of 2–6) of SO2 to H2S proportions in the fumaroles during the heating events, which we ascribe to a temperature increase in the mixing zone between magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. We also demonstrate that sulphur speciation in La Fossa fumaroles reflects re-equilibration within a poly-baric hydrothermal system, and that this hydrothermal re-equilibration erases the pristine SO2/H2S ratios of any magma-derived sulphur present.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21315
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic gases ; Vulcano Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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