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  • 1
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    Boydell & Brewer | James Currey
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-08
    Beschreibung: Richly detailed and timely study on conservation, development and sustainability in Tanzania. Provides valuable insights into the successes and failures of the management and governance of wildlife, forestry and coastal resources. Responding to the urgent need to examine the outcome of interventions in governing natural resources, this book analyses different types of sustainability partnerships - with donors, governments, business, NGOs and other actors, and, crucially, assesses which result in better livelihood and environmental outcomes. The contributors, from a range of disciplines, compare 'more complex' partnerships to relatively 'simpler', more traditional top-down and centralized management systems and to location where sustainability partnerships are not in place. Within-sector comparisons allow a fine-tuned analysis that is formed of historical, location and resource-specific issues, which can be used as input for resource-specific policy and partnership design. Experiences and lessons can be drawn from comparisons across the three different sectors, which can be applied to natural resource governance more broadly. This book is openly available in digital formats under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
    Schlagwort(e): African Studies ; Conservation ; Development ; Tanzania ; Forestry ; Sustainability ; Natural Resources ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment::RNKH Conservation of wildlife & habitats ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
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    ANU Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-30
    Beschreibung: China's Dilemma—Economic Growth, the Environment and Climate Change examines the challenges China will have to confront in order to maintain rapid growth while coping with the global financial turbulence, some rising socially destabilising tensions such as income inequality, an over-exploited environment and the long-term pressures of global warming.China's Dilemma discusses key questions that will have an impact on China's growth path and offers some in-depth analyses as to how China could confront these challenges. The authors address the effect of the global credit crunch and financial shocks on China's economic growth; China's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and emissions reduction schemes; the environmental consequences of foreign direct investment in China; the relationship between air pollution and mortality; the effect of climate change on agricultural output; the coal industry's compliance with tougher regulations; and the constraints water shortages may impose on China's economy. It also emphasises the importance of managing the rising demand for energy to moderate oil price increases and placating domestic and international concerns about global warming.In the thirty years since China started on the path of reform, it has emerged as one of the largest and most dynamic economies in the world. This carries with it the responsibility to balance the requirements of key industries that are driving its development with the need to ensure that its growth is both equitable and sustainable. China's Dilemma highlights key lessons learned from the past thirty years of reform in order to pave the way for balanced and sustained growth in the future.
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Sustainability ; Environmental Science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: The colour of carbon matters. Green carbon is the carbon stored in the plants and soil of natural ecosystems and is a vital part of the global carbon cycle. This report is the first in a series that examines the role of natural forests in the storage of carbon, the impacts of human land use activities, and the implications for climate change policy nationally and internationally. REDD (“reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation") is now part of the agenda for the “Bali Action Plan" being debated in the lead-up to the Copenhagen climate change conference in 2009. Currently, international rules are blind to the colour of carbon so that the green carbon in natural forests is not recognised, resulting in perverse outcomes including ongoing deforestation and forest degradation, and the conversion of extensive areas of land to industrial plantations. This report examines REDD policy from a green carbon scientific perspective. Subsequent reports will focus on issues concerning the carbon sequestration potential of commercially logged natural forests, methods for monitoring REDD, and the long term implications of forest policy and management for the global carbon cycle and climate change.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ; Sustainability ; Environmental Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
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    Boydell & Brewer | James Currey an imprint of Boydell & Brewer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-30
    Beschreibung: Focuses on a much discussed and controversial aspect of conservation: the commodification of nature. Can the successful marketization of what is generally perceived as wilderness help to provide for biodiversity conservation, economic development and social emancipation? At a time of profound anxiety about the impact of human activity on nature and the catastrophic effects of climate change, the "sixth mass extinction", invasive species and rapidly expanding zoonotic diseases, this volume engages with the practices, discourses, and materialities surrounding the commodification of "the wild". Focusing on the relationship between commodification and wilderness, the contributors pay particular attention to commodification's newer iterations in which human management plays a significant role, such as wildlife-park tourism, trophy-hunting, and trade in herbal medicines, perfumes and luxury exotic food items. Dominant neoliberal approaches have aimed to address global environmental challenges through the commodification and marketization of nature: by valorizing nature, they claim, biodiversity can be safeguarded and "wild" landscapes protected. This, it is thought, will not only open up a new frontier of sustainable, non-exploitative, participatory capitalist expansion, but invigorate rural livelihoods, reduce poverty, and add important assets to otherwise vulnerable rural economies. This important book challenges this future trajectory. Investigating a broad range of cases across southern and eastern Africa, from the illegal sandalwood trade to legal trade in devil's claw and honeybush, to trophy-hunting and wilderness safaris, the contributors reveal the pitfalls and challenges of commodification, what this means for the continent and beyond. OPEN ACCESS: This title is available under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC-ND
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Development Studies ; Environmental Science ; Political Science ; Security Studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 5
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    Boydell & Brewer | James Currey an imprint of Boydell & Brewer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Providing valuable insights into the successes and failures of the management of wildlife, forests and coastal resources in Tanzania, this study draws from 'New Partnerships for Sustainability' (NEPSUS), a 5-year collective research project. Responding to the urgent need in writings on conservation, sustainability and development, this book considers how politics structure sustainability outcomes at multiple levels, it uncovers the complexity of partnerships that are crucial for achieving this, challenging its readers to interrogate these sustainability networks and their environmental and socio-economic outcomes. The contributors, from a range of disciplines, compare 'more complex' partnerships to relatively 'simpler', more traditional top-down and centralized management systems and to location where sustainability partnerships are not in place. Within-sector comparisons allow a fine-tuned analysis that is formed of historical, location and resource-specific issues, which can be used as input for resource-specific policy and partnership design. Experiences and lessons can be drawn from comparisons across the three different sectors, which can be applied to natural resource governance more broadly.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; African Studies ; Public Policy & Administration ; Sustainability ; Environmental Studies ; Population Studies ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This report is the second in a series that examines the role of natural forests and woodlands in the storage of carbon. Understanding the role of natural ecosystems in carbon storage is an important part of solving the climate change problem. This report presents a landscape-wide green carbon account of the 'Great Western Woodlands' (GWW), sixteen million hectares of mostly contiguous natural woody vegetation to the east of the wheatbelt in south-western Western Australia. For the first time, we provide an overview of the vegetation structure, climate, geology and historical land use of the GWW, and examine how these interact to affect the carbon dynamics of this region's landscape ecosystems. An analysis of time-series of satellite imagery is used to develop a fire history of the GWW since the 1970s. These layers of environmental information, along with field survey data and remotely sensed greenness, are used to construct a spatial model to estimate biomass carbon stocks of the woodlands at the present day, and to infer an upper limit to the carbon sequestration potential of the GWW. A range of management options to enable protection of high quality carbon stocks and restoration of degraded stocks are evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ; Sustainability ; Environmental Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    ANU Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-30
    Beschreibung: Despite deteriorating economic and developmental conditions, worsening environmental problems, and troubles arising from the unresolved status of its ethnic minorities, Myanmar seems no closer to a political resolution. Myanmar's economy continues to stagnate, with severe implications for its people. Low levels of international assistance have exacerbated the situation.Myanmar—the state, community and the environment examines the missed opportunities by government and opposition groups to find a way out of the political impasse and improve the standard of living of the people of Myanmar.This collection provides insights into the country's economic development, in particular the vital rice-marketing sector and the attempts to expand existing industrial zones. It focuses, for the first time, on Myanmar's environmental governance with in-depth case studies, and on the increasing need for effective environmental protection and sustainability.
    Schlagwort(e): Development Studies ; Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Software Development ; Requirements Engineering ; Software Modeling ; Software Research ; Ernst Denert Award ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-16
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar requires engagement with diverse areas of social-political, human, and environmental development. On the environmental aspects, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers economics, sustainability education, the knowledge economy, and waste management. In doing so, the book demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf and beyond. ; This volume provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar weaves together pillars of social-political, human, and environmental development, and so this book tackles each aspect accordingly. In the environmental section, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, air quality and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics, and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers demographic trends and models, economics – including the circular economy and green finance – transport, the built environment, and waste management. In doing so, the volume demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges, and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban, and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change, and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf, and beyond.
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Qatar ; Middle East ; Gulf Studies ; Food Security ; Water Security ; Energy ; Development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-15
    Beschreibung: This open access book proposes an in-depth study on a vast range of issues connected to the regulation of Novel Foods in the European Union, pursuing an interdisciplinary approach and thus providing a comprehensive picture of this complex topic. Particular attention is paid not only to the current EU legislative framework, its positive innovations, unsolved problems and limits, but also to food safety issues and the potential impact of Novel Foods on sustainability and food security. In addition, the book focuses on a particular category of Novel Foods: insects for human consumption. These products recently gained momentum after the first EU Commission authorisation of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)in 2021. The book contributes to the lively public debate following this long-awaited authorisation by examining the legal issues arising from the application of the Novel Foods Regulation to these peculiar new foods; the EFSA risk assessment evaluations; the consumers’ perceptions and potential future of insect-based products’ market in the EU. By providing such an extensive analysis, including recent developments and future prospects, the book represents a valuable tool for students and academics, but also institutions and public authorities, helping them understanding the various challenges related to Novel Foods and edible insects. Furthermore, it seeks to promote an informed debate in order to find innovative solutions to pressing problems concerning how to feed the world of tomorrow.
    Schlagwort(e): Novel Foods ; EU Regulation 2015/2283 ; Edible Insects ; Food Safety ; EFSA ; Sustainability ; EU Food Market ; Innovation in the Agri-Food Sector ; Sustainable Food Chain ; EU Novel Food Regulatory Framework ; Consumers' Perception ; Food Law ; Circular Economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBM International economic & trade law ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TD Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry::TDCT Food & beverage technology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set LNCS 13371 and 13372 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2022, which was held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 40 full papers presented together with 9 tool papers and 2 case studies were carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Invited papers; formal methods for probabilistic programs; formal methods for neural networks; software Verification and model checking; hyperproperties and security; formal methods for hardware, cyber-physical, and hybrid systems. Part II: Probabilistic techniques; automata and logic; deductive verification and decision procedures; machine learning; synthesis and concurrency. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): architecting ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; computer science ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; mathematics ; model checking ; programming languages ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; theoretical computer science ; verification ; verification and validation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This volume, LNAI 13385, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning, IJCAR 2022, held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 32 full research papers and 9 short papers presented together with two invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: Satisfiability, SMT Solving,Arithmetic; Calculi and Orderings; Knowledge Representation and Jutsification; Choices, Invariance, Substitutions and Formalization; Modal Logics; Proofs System and Proofs Search; Evolution, Termination and Decision Prolems. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; logic programming ; network protocols ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; theoretical computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-01
    Beschreibung: This open access book brings science and practice together and inspires a global movement towards co-creating regenerative civilizations that work for 100% of humanity and the Earth as a whole. With its conceptual foundation of the concept of transformation literacy it enhances the knowledge and capacity of decision-makers, change agents and institutional actors to steward transformations effectively across institutions, societal sectors and nations. Humanity is at crossroads. Resource depletion and exponential emissions that not only cause climate change, but endanger the health of people and planet, call for a decisive turnaround of human civilization. A new and transformative paradigm is emerging that advocates for regenerative civilizations, in which a narrative of systemic health as much as individual and collective vitality guide the interaction of socio-economic-ecological systems. Truly transformative change must go far beyond technical solutions, and instead envision what can be termed ‘a new operating system’ that helps humankind to live well within the planetary boundaries and partner with life’s evolutionary processes. This requires transformations at three different levels: · Mindsets that reconnect with a worldview in which human agency acknowledges its co-evolutionary pathways with each other and the Earth. · Political, social and economic systems that are regenerative and foster the care-taking for Earth life support systems. · Competencies to design and implement effective large-scale transformative change processes at multiple levels with multiple stakeholders. This book provides key ingredients for enhancing transformation literacy from various perspectives around the globe. It connects the emerging practice of stewarding transformative change across business, government institutions and civil society actors with the most promising scientific models and concepts that underpin human action to shape the future collectively in accordance with planetary needs. ;
    Schlagwort(e): Regenerative Civilization ; Sustainability ; Transformation ; Collective Stewardship. ; Climate Action ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKV Environmental medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set LNCS 13371 and 13372 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2022, which was held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 40 full papers presented together with 9 tool papers and 2 case studies were carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Invited papers; formal methods for probabilistic programs; formal methods for neural networks; software Verification and model checking; hyperproperties and security; formal methods for hardware, cyber-physical, and hybrid systems. Part II: Probabilistic techniques; automata and logic; deductive verification and decision procedures; machine learning; synthesis and concurrency. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): architecting ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; computer science ; computer systems ; databases ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; engineering ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; theoretical computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Software Engineering ; Operating systems ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 16
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book shows the breadth and various facets of e-Science, while also illustrating their shared core. Changes in scientific work are driven by the shift to grid-based worlds, the use of information and communication systems, and the existential infrastructure, which includes global collaboration. In this context, the book addresses emerging issues such as open access, collaboration and virtual communities and highlights the diverse range of developments associated with e-Science. As such, it will be of interest to researchers and scholars in the fields of information technology and knowledge management.
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology Studies ; Media and Communication ; Business Information Systems ; Computer Applications ; Education, general ; Knowledge Management ; Science Communication ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Digital Education and Educational Technology ; Open Access ; Grid computing ; Science 2.0 ; Research network ; Education portal ; Virtual organization ; Governance ; Social control ; Science collaboration ; Digitization ; Digital research infrastructures ; Cyberinfrastructure software ; Sustainability ; Software sustainability ; Sociology ; Media studies ; Business mathematics & systems ; Information technology: general issues ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMK Knowledge management
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 17
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: This open access book introduces design for Sustainable Product-Service Systems (S.PSS) and for Sustainable Distributed Economies (S.DE). These are introduced as technical and operative tools for the development of a new generation of designers, responsible and capable of designing environmentally, socially and economically sustainable solutions, accessible to all. The book provides a comprehensive framework and also practical tools to support the system design for sustainability process. It overviews methodologies, tools and strategies for Sustainable PSS design applied to Distributed Economies (DE) and provides strategies and design guidelines. All of these are highlighted and expanded upon with international case studies.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering Design ; Sustainability Management ; Development and Sustainability ; Industrial and Production Engineering ; Management ; Development Studies ; Design for Sustainability ; Product-Service System (PSS) ; Sustainable Development ; Distributed Economies (DE) ; Circular Economy ; Social Equity and Cohesion ; Open Access ; Technical design ; Business & the environment ; ‘green’ approaches to business ; Sustainability ; Production engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJJ Business and the environment; ‘green’ approaches to business ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 18
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-10
    Beschreibung: This Open Access book is about the development of a common understanding of environmental citizenship. It conceptualizes and frames environmental citizenship taking an educational perspective. Organized in four complementary parts, the book first explains the political, economic and societal dimensions of the concept. Next, it examines environmental citizenship as a psychological concept with a specific focus on knowledge, values, beliefs and attitudes. It then explores environmental citizenship within the context of environmental education and education for sustainability. It elaborates responsible environmental behaviour, youth activism and education for sustainability through the lens of environmental citizenship. Finally, it discusses the concept within the context of different educational levels, such as primary and secondary education in formal and non-formal settings. Environmental citizenship is a key factor in sustainability, green and cycle economy, and low-carbon society, and an important aspect in addressing global environmental problems. It has been an influential concept in many different arenas such as economy, policy, philosophy, and organizational marketing. In the field of education, the concept could be better exploited and established, however. Education and, especially, environmental discourses in science education have a great deal to contribute to the adoption and promotion of environmental citizenship.
    Schlagwort(e): Science Education ; Sustainable Development ; Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights ; Environmental and Sustainability Education ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Human Rights ; Sustainability / sustainable development ; Environmental citizenship ; Environmental citizen ; Environmental education ; Education for environmental citizenship ; Education for sustainability ; ENEC ; EU Horizon 2020 ; EU-roadmap 2050 ; European Network for Environmental Citizenship ; Environmental Behavior ; Environmental citizenship from educational perspective ; Open Access ; Teaching of a specific subject ; Science: general issues ; Sustainability ; Politics & government ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 19
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access State-of-the-Art Survey presents the main recent scientific outcomes in the area of reversible computation, focusing on those that have emerged during COST Action IC1405 "Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing", a European research network that operated from May 2015 to April 2019. Reversible computation is a new paradigm that extends the traditional forwards-only mode of computation with the ability to execute in reverse, so that computation can run backwards as easily and naturally as forwards. It aims to deliver novel computing devices and software, and to enhance existing systems by equipping them with reversibility. There are many potential applications of reversible computation, including languages and software tools for reliable and recovery-oriented distributed systems and revolutionary reversible logic gates and circuits, but they can only be realized and have lasting effect if conceptual and firm theoretical foundations are established first.
    Schlagwort(e): Logic Design ; Computer System Implementation ; Computer Communication Networks ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Software Engineering ; Operating Systems ; open access ; reversible computation ; semantics of reversible computation ; formal methods ; models of computation ; circuit design ; simulation ; robotics ; debugging ; quantum computing ; wireless communications ; programming languages ; dependability ; modelling of biochemical systems ; computer networks ; engineering ; software engineering ; parallel processing systems ; theoretical computer science ; Computer architecture & logic design ; Systems analysis & design ; Network hardware ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 20
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-10
    Beschreibung: This open access book presents up-to-date analyses of community-based approaches to sustainable resource management of SEPLS (socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes) in areas where a harmonious relationship between the natural environment and the people who inhabit it is essential to ensure community and environmental well-being as well as to build resilience in the ecosystems that support this well-being. Understanding SEPLS and the forces of change that can weaken their resilience requires the integration of knowledge across a wide range of academic disciplines as well as from indigenous knowledge and experience. Moreover, given the wide variation in the socio-ecological makeup of SEPLS around the globe, as well as in their political and economic contexts, individual communities will be at the forefront of developing the measures appropriate for their unique circumstances. This in turn requires robust communication systems and broad participatory approaches. Sustainability science (SuS) research is highly integrated, participatory and solutions driven, and as such is well suited to the study of SEPLS. Through case studies, literature reviews and SuS analyses, the book explores various approaches to stakeholder participation, policy development and appropriate action for the future of SEPLS. It provides communities, researchers and decision-makers at various levels with new tools and strategies for exploring scenarios and creating future visions for sustainable societies.
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental Management ; Landscape Ecology ; Development and Sustainability ; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning ; Environmental Sociology ; Sustainable Development ; Development Studies ; Geography ; Biotechnology ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Indigenous and local knowledge ; Science-policy interface ; Ecosystem services ; Future scenarios ; Stakeholder analysis ; Visualization ; Satoyama ; Satoumi ; SEPLS ; Social-ecological system ; Open Access ; Environmental management, ; Botany & plant sciences ; Sustainability ; Regional & area planning ; Sociology ; The environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences::PSTS Plant ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 21
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book highlights concepts discussed at two international conferences that brought together world-renowned scientists to advance the science of potassium (K) recommendations for crops. There was general agreement that the potassium recommendations currently in general use are oversimplified, outdated, and jeopardize soil, plant, and human health. Accordingly, this book puts forward a significantly expanded K cycle that more accurately depicts K inputs, losses and transformations in soils. This new cycle serves as both the conceptual basis for the scientific discussions in this book and a framework upon which to build future improvements. Previously used approaches are critically reviewed and assessed, not only for their relevance to future enhancements, but also for their use as metrics of sustainability. An initial effort is made to link K nutrition in crops and K nutrition in humans. The book offers an invaluable asset for graduate students, educators, industry scientists, data scientists, and advanced agronomists.
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Plant Biochemistry ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Applied Ecology ; Soil Science ; Bioavailable Potassium ; Fertilizer Management ; Plant Nutrition ; Potash ; Soil Chemistry ; Sustainability ; Open access ; Agricultural science ; Botany & plant sciences ; Biochemistry ; Sedimentology & pedology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGB Sedimentology and pedology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 22
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This Open Access book presents the results of the "Collaborative Embedded Systems" (CrESt) project, aimed at adapting and complementing the methodology underlying modeling techniques developed to cope with the challenges of the dynamic structures of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) based on the SPES development methodology. In order to manage the high complexity of the individual systems and the dynamically formed interaction structures at runtime, advanced and powerful development methods are required that extend the current state of the art in the development of embedded systems and cyber-physical systems. The methodological contributions of the project support the effective and efficient development of CESs in dynamic and uncertain contexts, with special emphasis on the reliability and variability of individual systems and the creation of networks of such systems at runtime. The project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the case studies are therefore selected from areas that are highly relevant for Germany’s economy (automotive, industrial production, power generation, and robotics). It also supports the digitalization of complex and transformable industrial plants in the context of the German government's "Industry 4.0" initiative, and the project results provide a solid foundation for implementing the German government's high-tech strategy "Innovations for Germany" in the coming years.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Software Management ; Automotive Engineering ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; IT in Business ; Model-Driven Software Development ; Requirements Engineering ; Automotive Software Engineering ; Embedded Systems ; Open Access ; SPES Methodology ; Simulation ; Co-Design of Systems ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; Automotive technology & trades ; Automotive (motor mechanic) skills ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRC Automotive technology and trades ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 23
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 30th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 24 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. They deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems.
    Schlagwort(e): Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Software Engineering ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Compilers and Interpreters ; Computer Science Logic and Foundations of Programming ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; computer programming ; concurrency theory ; distributed computer systems ; formal logic ; lamdba calculi ; linguistics ; logic ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; probabilistic programming ; process calculi ; program compilers ; semantics ; software design ; software quality ; theory ; types ; verification and validation ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Computer architecture & logic design ; Computer networking & communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 24
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-02
    Beschreibung: This open access book takes a critical and international perspective to the mainstreaming of the Global Citizenship Concept and analyses the key issues regarding global citizenship education across the world. In that respect, it addresses a pressing need to provide further conceptual input and to open global citizenship agendas to diversity and indigeneity. Social and political changes brought by globalisation, migration and technological advances of the 21st century have generated a rise in the popularity of the utopian and philosophical idea of global citizenship. In response to the challenges of today’s globalised and interconnected world, such as inequality, human rights violations and poverty, global citizenship education has been invoked as a means of preparing youth for an inclusive and sustainable world. In recent years, the development of global citizenship education and the building of students’ global citizenship competencies have become a focal point in global agendas for education, international educational assessments and international organisations. However, the concept of global citizenship education still remains highly contested and subject to multiple interpretations, and its operationalisation in national educational policies proves to be challenging. This volume aims to contribute to the debate, question the relevancy of global citizenship education’s policy objectives and to enhance understanding of local perspectives, ideologies, conceptions and issues related to citizenship education on a local, national and global level. To this end, the book provides a comprehensive and geographically based overview of the challenges citizenship education faces in a rapidly changing global world through the lens of diversity and inclusiveness. ;
    Schlagwort(e): International and Comparative Education ; Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights ; Sociology of Education ; Environmental and Sustainability Education ; Educational Policy and Politics ; Human Rights ; Global social justice in education ; Global Citizenship Education GCE ; Preparing youth for a sustainable world ; 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ; United Nations ; Citizenship education ; Intercultural education ; Multicultural education ; Education for sustainable development ; Education for social justice ; Global competence ; International educational policies ; UNESCO ; Open Access ; Education ; Politics & government ; Social research & statistics ; Sustainability ; Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 25
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Schlagwort(e): Theory of Computation ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 26
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers.
    Schlagwort(e): Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Logic in AI ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer networks ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; model-checking ; SAT and SMT solving ; signal processing ; software and hardware verification ; software architecture ; software engineering ; specification and verification techniques ; static and dynamic program analysis ; system construction and transforamtion techniques ; theorem-proving ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 27
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers.
    Schlagwort(e): Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Software Engineering ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; architecture verification and validation ; automata theory ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; mathematics ; model checking ; model-checking ; parallel processing systems ; SAT and SMT solving ; software architecture ; static and dynamic program analysis ; theorem-proving ; verification and validation ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 28
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book states that the societal fault lines of our times are deeply intertwined and that they confront us with challenges affecting the security, fairness and sustainability of our societies. The author, Prof. Dr. Patrick Huntjens, argues that overcoming these existential challenges will require a fundamental shift from our current anthropocentric and economic growth-oriented approach to a more ecocentric and regenerative approach. He advocates for a Natural Social Contract that emphasizes long-term sustainability and the general welfare of both humankind and planet Earth. Achieving this crucial balance calls for an end to unlimited economic growth, overconsumption and over-individualisation for the benefit of ourselves, our planet, and future generations. To this end, sustainability, health, and justice in all social-ecological systems will require systemic innovation and prioritizing a collective effort. The Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (TSEI) framework presented in this book serves that cause. It helps to diagnose and advance innovation and spur change across sectors, disciplines, and at different levels of governance. Altogether, TSEI identifies intervention points and formulates jointly developed and shared solutions to inform policymakers, administrators, concerned citizens, and professionals dedicated towards a more sustainable, healthy and just society. A wide readership of students, researchers, practitioners and policy makers interested in social innovation, transition studies, development studies, social policy, social justice, climate change, environmental studies, political science and economics will find this cutting-edge book particularly useful. “As a sustainability transition researcher, I am truly excited about this book. Two unique aspects of the book are that it considers bigger transformation issues (such as societies’ relationship with nature, purpose and justice) than those studied in transition studies and offers analytical frameworks and methods for taking up the challenge of achieving change on the ground.” - Prof. Dr. René Kemp, United Nations University and Maastricht Sustainability Institute
    Schlagwort(e): Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights ; Sustainable Development ; Social Policy ; Politics of the Welfare State ; Social Work and Community Development ; Comparative Social Policy ; Social Justice ; Sustainability ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Anthropology ; Human Security ; Institutional Change ; Planetary Boundaries ; Planetary Health ; Social Contract ; Social Innovation ; Social-Ecological Systems ; Sustainability Transition ; open access ; sustainable development goals ; Politics & government ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Social work ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 29
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    ANU Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-28
    Beschreibung: The chapters in this book offer concrete examples from all over the world to show how community livelihoods in mineral-rich tracts can be more sustainable by fully integrating gender concerns into all aspects of the relationship between mining practices and mine affected communities. By looking at the mining industry and the mine-affected communities through a gender lens, the authors indicate a variety of practical strategies to mitigate the impacts of mining on women’s livelihoods without undermining women’s voice and status within the mine-affected communities. The term ‘field’ in the title of this volume is not restricted to the open-cut pits of large scale mining operations which are male-dominated workplaces, or with mining as a masculine, capital-intensive industry, but also connotes the wider range of mineral extractive practices which are carried out informally by women and men of artisanal communities at much smaller geographical scales throughout the mineral-rich tracts of poorer countries.
    Schlagwort(e): economic aspects ; women ; gender ; mining ; mineral industries ; Artisanal mining ; Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 30
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This 'Open Access' SpringerBrief provides foundational knowledge for designing autonomous, asynchronous systems and explains aspects of users relevant to designing for these systems, introduces principles for user-centered design, and prepares readers for more advanced and specific readings. It provides context and the implications for design choices made during the design and development of the complex systems that are part of operation centers. As such, each chapter includes principles to summarize the design implication that engineers can use to inform their own design of interfaces for operation centers and similar systems. It includes example materials for the design of a fictitious system, which are referenced in the book and can be duplicated and extended for real systems. The design materials include a system overview, the system architecture, an example scenario, a stakeholder analysis, a task analysis, a description of the system and interface technology, and contextualized design guidelines. The guidelines can be specified because the user, the task, and the technology are well specified as an example. Building Better Interfaces for Remote Autonomous Systems is for working system engineers who are designing interfaces used in high throughput, high stake, operation centers (op centers) or control rooms, such as network operation centers (NOCs). Intended users will have a technical undergraduate degree (e.g., computer science) with little or no training in design, human sciences, or with human-centered iterative design methods and practices. Background research for the book was supplemented by interaction with the intended audience through a related project with L3Harris Technologies (formerly Harris Corporation).
    Schlagwort(e): User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Software Engineering ; Autonomous Systems ; User-Centered Design ; Operation Centres ; Interface Technology ; Human-Centered Design ; Open Access ; User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 31
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2020, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2020.* The 17 full papers and 23 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They cover topics such as: IoT and AI solutions for e-health; biomedical and health informatics; behavior and activity monitoring; behavior and activity monitoring; and wellbeing technology. *This conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Schlagwort(e): Computer Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; open access ; artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer vision ; databases ; hci ; human-computer interaction ; image processing ; Internet of Things ; IoT ; machine learning ; network protocols ; sensors ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; user interfaces ; wireless telecommunication systems ; Network hardware ; Artificial intelligence ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
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    Unbekannt
    ANU Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Human ecology; Australia
    Schlagwort(e): australia ; human ecology ; Agent-based model ; Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 33
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book coherently gathers well-founded information on the fundamentals of and formalisms for modelling cyber-physical systems (CPS). Highlighting the cross-disciplinary nature of CPS modelling, it also serves as a bridge for anyone entering CPS from related areas of computer science or engineering. Truly complex, engineered systems—known as cyber-physical systems—that integrate physical, software, and network aspects are now on the rise. However, there is no unifying theory nor systematic design methods, techniques or tools for these systems. Individual (mechanical, electrical, network or software) engineering disciplines only offer partial solutions. A technique known as Multi-Paradigm Modelling has recently emerged suggesting to model every part and aspect of a system explicitly, at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction, using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s), and then weaving the results together to form a representation of the system. If properly applied, it enables, among other global aspects, performance analysis, exhaustive simulation, and verification. This book is the first systematic attempt to bring together these formalisms for anyone starting in the field of CPS who seeks solid modelling foundations and a comprehensive introduction to the distinct existing techniques that are multi-paradigmatic. Though chiefly intended for master and post-graduate level students in computer science and engineering, it can also be used as a reference text for practitioners.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Cyber-physical systems, IoT ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer Applications ; Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD, CAE) and Design ; Open Access ; Embedded and cyber-physical systems ; Software design engineering ; Model-driven software engineering ; Modelica ; Performance Analysis ; Design Languages ; System Description Languages ; System and Modeling ; DEVS ; Statecharts ; Petri Nets ; Multi-Paradigm Modeling ; AADL ; Concurrency Modeling ; Electrical engineering ; Cybernetics & systems theory ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Information technology: general issues ; Computer-aided design (CAD) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications::UGC Computer-aided design (CAD)
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 34
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-10
    Beschreibung: This open access book focuses on the issue of sustainability standards from the perspective of both global governance frameworks and emerging economies. It stems from the recognition that the accelerated pace of economic globalization has generated production and consumption patterns that are generating sustainability concerns. Sustainability standards (and regulations) are increasingly being used in a bid to make global consumption and production more sustainable. Given the dense inter-connectedness of economic affairs globally, the use of sustainability standards has become a concern of global governance, who face the challenge of achieving a balance between the use of standards for genuine sustainability objectives, and not allowing them to turn into instruments of protectionism or coercion. The emerging economies, given their increasing engagement with the global economy, are most impacted by the use of sustainability standards. The emphasis of ‘emerging economies’ in this book is retained both by using case studies from these economies and by collating perceptions and assessments of those located in these economies. The case studies included span sectors such as palm oil, forestry, food quality, vehicular emissions and water standards, and address the problems unique to the emerging economies, including capacity building for compliance with standards, adapting international standards in domestic contexts and addressing the exclusion of small and medium enterprises etc. Complex interfaces and dynamics of a global nature are not limited to the thematic of this book but also extend to the process through which it was written. This book brings together insights from developed as well as emerging economies (Germany, India, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico and China). It also brings together scholars and practitioners to jointly ponder upon the conceptual aspects of the global frameworks for sustainability standards. This book is a very useful resource for researchers and practitioners alike, and provides valuable insights for policy makers as well.
    Schlagwort(e): Development and Sustainability ; Emerging Markets/Globalization ; Trade ; Sustainability Management ; Development Studies ; International Business ; Industries ; Management ; Open Access ; Sustainability Standards ; Global Governance ; Emerging Economies ; Social and Environmental Standards ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Sustainability ; Market research ; Economics ; Business & the environment ; ‘green’ approaches to business ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJS Sales & marketing::KJSM Market research ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNP Distributive industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJJ Business & the environment, ‘Green’ approaches to business
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 35
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Computer Hardware ; Simulation and Modeling ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Computer Science ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer systems ; correlation analysis ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; programming languages ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; Computer hardware ; Computer modelling & simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 36
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2021, which took place during March 27–April 1, 2021, and was held as part of the Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 16 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The book also contains 4 Test-Comp contributions.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Data Structures and Information Theory ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Programming Techniques ; Theory of Computation ; Software Engineering ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; embedded systems ; empirical software validation ; formal logic ; formal methods ; model checking ; model-driven software engineering ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; program analysis ; program compilers ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software performance ; software selection and adaptation ; software testing and debugging ; telecommunication systems ; verification ; Operating systems ; Algorithms & data structures ; Information theory ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 37
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2020, which was planned to be held during June 8-12, 2020, at the IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was postponed until an undetermined date. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a hybrid forum where agile researchers, academics, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. Following this history, for both researchers and seasoned practitioners XP 2020 provided an informal environment to network, share, and discover trends in Agile for the next 20 years. The 14 full and 2 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile adoption; agile practices; large-scale agile; the business of agile; and agile and testing.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; IT in Business ; Management of Computing and Information Systems ; IT Operations ; Agile software development ; Software creation and management ; Scrum ; Lean software development ; Process management ; open access ; Test-driven development ; Project and people management ; Software development techniques ; Risk management ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 38
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    Unbekannt
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set LNCS 12759 and 12760 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2021, held virtually in July 2021. The 63 full papers presented together with 16 tool papers and 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 290 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: invited papers; AI verification; concurrency and blockchain; hybrid and cyber-physical systems; security; and synthesis. Part II: complexity and termination; decision procedures and solvers; hardware and model checking; logical foundations; and software verification. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): architecture verification ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer programming ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; formal methods ; model checking ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; temporal logic ; verification techniques ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 39
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The 23 full papers, 1 tool paper and 6 testing competition papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers cover topics such as requirements engineering, software architectures, specification, software quality, validation, verification of functional and non-functional properties, model-driven development and model transformation, software processes, security and software evolution.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Computer System Implementation ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Artificial Intelligence ; open access ; software engineering ; requirements engineering ; model-based design ; software analysis ; testing ; software architectures ; security ; model transformations ; software evolution ; software product lines ; architecting ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; computer systems ; embedded systems ; mathematics ; software architecture ; software design ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Algorithms & data structures ; Systems analysis & design ; Computer networking & communications ; Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 40
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-10
    Beschreibung: This open access book presents and discusses current issues and innovative solution approaches for land management in a European context. Manifold sustainability issues are closely interconnected with land use practices. Throughout the world, we face increasing conflict over the use of land as well as competition for land. Drawing on experience in sustainable land management gained from seven years of the FONA programme (Research for Sustainable Development, conducted under the auspices of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), the book stresses and highlights co-design processes within the “co-creation of knowledge”, involving collaboration in transdisciplinary research processes between academia and other stakeholders. The book begins with an overview of the current state of land use practices and the subsequent need to manage land resources more sustainably. New system solutions and governance approaches in sustainable land management are presented from a European perspective on land use. The volume also addresses how to use new modes of knowledge transfer between science and practice. New perspectives in sustainable land management and methods of combining knowledge and action are presented to a broad readership in land system sciences and environmental sciences, social sciences and geosciences.
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainable Development ; Regional/Spatial Science ; Environmental Geography ; Human Geography ; Knowledge - Discourse ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Regional and Spatial Economics ; Environmental Studies ; Biotechnology ; Open Access ; Sustainable land management ; System solutions ; Governance of land ; Transdisciplinarity Interdisciplinarity ; Knowledge management ; Sustainability ; Political economy ; Regional studies ; Development & environmental geography ; Human geography ; Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography & topography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 41
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-10
    Beschreibung: This open access short reader looks into the dynamics which have reshaped rural development and human landscapes in European agriculture and the role of immigrant people. Within this framework it analyses contemporary rural migrations and the emergence of immigrants in relation to the incorporation of agrarian systems into global markets, the European agricultural governance (CAP), and the struggle of local territories as differentiated practices in constant stress between innovation and resilience. It specifically explores the case of immigrant shepherds to describe the reconfiguration of agriculture systems and rural landscapes in Europe following intense immigration and the related provision of skilled labour at a relatively low cost. Being written in a very accessible way, this reader is an interesting read to students, researchers, academics, policy makers, and practitioners.
    Schlagwort(e): Social Sciences, general ; Agriculture ; Geography, general ; Human Geography ; Sociology of Migration ; Geography ; Open access ; EU agro-pastoralism ; European Mediterranean ; European agricultural governance (CAP) ; TRAMed research ; Rural development ; Local agro-pastoral sector ; Sustainability ; Migrations ; Mediterranean agriculture ; Immigrant workers ; Agri-food chain ; Society & Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Agricultural science ; Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVB Agricultural science ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 42
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and social resilience could produce positive impacts on food security and nutrition at a number of levels. In addition to the role of small farmers as food suppliers, the book considers their role as consumers and their level of nutrition security. It investigates the link between agriculture and nutrition in order to better understand how agriculture affects human health and dietary patterns. Given the importance of smallholdings, strategies to increase their productivity are essential to improving food and nutrition security, as well as food diversity.
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural Economics ; Development Economics ; Agriculture ; Food Science ; Smallholder Farms ; Food Security ; Nutrition ; Developing Countries ; Open Access ; Sustainability ; Food Diversity ; African Agriculture ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Agricultural science ; Agribusiness & primary industries ; Development economics & emerging economies ; Food & beverage technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCT Food and beverage technology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 43
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: This open access book presents the proceedings of the 3rd Indo-German Conference on Sustainability in Engineering held at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India, on September 16–17, 2019. Intended to foster the synergies between research and education, the conference is one of the joint activities of the BITS Pilani and TU Braunschweig conducted under the auspices of Indo-German Center for Sustainable Manufacturing, established in 2009. The book is divided into three sections: engineering, education and entrepreneurship, covering a range of topics, such as renewable energy forecasting, design & simulation, Industry 4.0, and soft & intelligent sensors for energy efficiency. It also includes case studies on lean and green manufacturing, and life cycle analysis of ceramic products, as well as papers on teaching/learning methods based on the use of learning factories to improve students’problem-solving and personal skills. Moreover, the book discusses high-tech ideas to help the large number of unemployed engineering graduates looking for jobs become tech entrepreneurs. Given its broad scope, it will appeal to academics and industry professionals alike.
    Schlagwort(e): Industrial and Production Engineering ; Renewable and Green Energy ; Engineering/Technology Education ; Study and Learning Skills ; Energy Efficiency ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management ; Engineering and Technology Education ; Engineering ; Entrepreneurship ; Education ; Sustainability ; Learning factories ; International collaboration ; Open Access ; Production engineering ; Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology ; Higher & further education, tertiary education ; Technology: general issues ; Study & learning skills: general ; Energy technology & engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNZ Study and learning skills: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 44
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2020, which was planned to take place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The actual ETAPS 2020 meeting was postponed due to the Corona pandemic. The papers deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems.
    Schlagwort(e): Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Theory of Computation ; artificial intelligence ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer security ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; program compilers ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 45
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    Unbekannt
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set LNCS 12759 and 12760 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2021, held virtually in July 2021. The 63 full papers presented together with 16 tool papers and 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 290 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: invited papers; AI verification; concurrency and blockchain; hybrid and cyber-physical systems; security; and synthesis. Part II: complexity and termination; decision procedures and solvers; hardware and model checking; logical foundations; and software verification.
    Schlagwort(e): architecture verification ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; formal methods ; formal verifications ; model checker ; model checking ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 46
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Hardware ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Database Management System ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer systems ; data security ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; network protocols ; parallel processing systems ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 47
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2021, which was held virtually during June 14-18, 2021. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends.  XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. This year’s conference was held with the theme “Agile Turns Twenty While the World Goes Online”. The 11 full and 2 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile practices; process assessment; large-scale agile; and short contributions.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; IT in Business ; Management of Computing and Information Systems ; Software Engineering ; IT Operations ; Agile software development ; Software creation and management ; Scrum ; Lean software development ; Process management ; open access ; Test-driven development ; Project and people management ; Software development techniques ; Risk management ; Operating systems ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 48
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book summarises the latest developments on data management in the EU H2020 ENVRIplus project, which brought together more than 20 environmental and Earth science research infrastructures into a single community. It provides readers with a systematic overview of the common challenges faced by research infrastructures and how a ‘reference model guided’ engineering approach can be used to achieve greater interoperability among such infrastructures in the environmental and earth sciences. The 20 contributions in this book are structured in 5 parts on the design, development, deployment, operation and use of research infrastructures. Part one provides an overview of the state of the art of research infrastructure and relevant e-Infrastructure technologies, part two discusses the reference model guided engineering approach, the third part presents the software and tools developed for common data management challenges, the fourth part demonstrates the software via several use cases, and the last part discusses the sustainability and future directions.
    Schlagwort(e): Computer Applications ; Environment, general ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Geography, general ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Environmental Sciences ; Database Management System ; Software Engineering ; Geography ; cloud computing ; cloud providers ; cloud services ; computer networks ; computing resource ; data communication systems ; databases ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; engineering ; grid computing ; internet ; network protocols ; open access ; parallel processing systems ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; wireless telecommunication systems ; Information technology: general issues ; The environment ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Computer networking & communications ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the 6 research workshops, the Agile Education and Training Track, the Doctoral Symposium, as well as a panel presented at XP 2020, the 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, which was held during June 8-12, 2020. The conference was planned to take place at the IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, the conference was held online. In 2020, the following six workshops took place: Third International Workshop on Software-Intensive Business Eighth International Workshop on Large-Scale Agile Development Second European Symposium on Serverless Computing and Applications Second International Workshop on Agile Transformation First International Workshop on Agility with Microservices Programming Third International Workshop on Autonomous Agile Teams XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. The 31 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from overall 79 submissions. In addition to the 26 workshop papers, this volume also includes 2 papers from the Agile Education and Training Track and 3 papers from the Doctoral Symposium. Furthermore, the book contains a summary of a panel discussion with the topic “Covid-19’s Influence on the Future of Agile”.
    Schlagwort(e): Management of Computing and Information Systems ; IT in Business ; Software Engineering ; IT Operations ; XP ; Agile software development ; Extreme programming ; Lean development ; Software measurement ; open access ; Software maintenance ; Software testing ; Empirical software engineering ; Software management ; Software development techniques ; Business agility ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-13
    Beschreibung: Hydrogeoethics is an emergent transdisciplinary field in geosciences focused on ethical research and best practices related to responsible groundwater science and engineering, creating conditions for sustainable water resources management while respecting human needs and environmental dynamics.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 289–292
    Beschreibung: 1TR. Georisorse
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogeoethics ; Geoethics ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Sustainability ; Mediterranea region ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 51
    Schlagwort(e): Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 52
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    Environmental geology 37 (1999), S. 176-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Natural Resources Management Facility ; Functional divisions ; Central laboratory ; Field stations ; Networks ; Sustainability ; SADC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The proposed Natural Resources Management Facility (NRMF) seeks to achieve poverty reduction and employment generation through ecologically sustainable, economically viable and people-participatory management of natural resources (resources of waters and soils, coastal and marine resources, ecotourism, energy resources, mineral and other resources). The NRMF will have five functional divisions for technology policy, environmental education, extramural cooperation, technical facility and information network, and international cooperation. At the heart of the NRMF is a state-of-the-art analytical laboratory (with ICP-AES, GC-ECD, GC-MS, etc.) in Maputo. This will be networked with five field stations which will have portable instruments for water, soil, food, etc. analysis. The NRMF will custom-design integrated natural resource management models for different areas of the country, in the context of their particular biophysical and socio-economic environments. Innovative management techniques have been developed to make the NRMF sustainable and largely self-financing. The NRMF will cooperate with, and assist the member countries of SADC (Southern Africa Development Community) in environmental management for mutual benefit, and could, hopefully, serve as a pilot model for the countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
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  • 53
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    Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems 2 (1999), S. 237-249 
    ISSN: 1573-7454
    Schlagwort(e): agent ; customized execution ; execution properties ; mobility ; remote execution ; software architecture ; specification matching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Agent-based solutions promise to ameliorate Web services, by promoting the modular construction of Web servers, relieving the network from transferring useless data, supporting user mobility, etc. However, existing Web servers do not favor the hosting of agents. This paper proposes a description of agent behavior in terms of its requirements regarding resource utilization (e.g. memory, and disk space), functional services (e.g. system calls), and non-functional properties (e.g. degree of replication, and access control). When formally expressed, these requirements can be used in an automated decision process, which is based on software specification matching techniques. Upon the acceptance of an agent, the host uses these requirements to construct an environment customized to agent's execution. We discuss the benefits of this approach, and how it can be used to promote existing agent-based solutions in the Web framework.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
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    Autonomous robots 7 (1999), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 1573-7527
    Schlagwort(e): autonomous excavation ; robotic excavator ; integrated robotic system ; laser rangefinder ; software architecture ; manipulator ; dig planning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Excavators are used for the rapid removal of soil and other materials in mines, quarries, and construction sites. The automation of these machines offers promise for increasing productivity and improving safety. To date, most research in this area has focussed on selected parts of the problem. In this paper, we present a system that completely automates the truck loading task. The excavator uses two scanning laser rangefinders to recognize and localize the truck, measure the soil face, and detect obstacles. The excavator's software decides where to dig in the soil, where to dump in the truck, and how to quickly move between these points while detecting and stopping for obstacles. The system was fully implemented and was demonstrated to load trucks as fast as human operators.
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  • 55
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    Journal of systems integration 9 (1999), S. 73-107 
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Schlagwort(e): Reference Model ; Open System ; Software Engineering ; System Integration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports results of a study of reference models for representing open system environments (infrastructures). One of the issues considered in this paper is how to compare particular reference models known in the literature. We propose a set of features of reference models on which to base such comparisons. We have found that in some cases, due to the ambiguity of definitions, it is difficult to assess whether a particular model has some features or not, and that none of the five analyzed models possesses all the features listed in this paper. As a result, we developed the Integrated Reference Model (IRM) which capitalizes on the concepts included in the previously developed models. We provide a description of the basic components of the IRM and suggest directions for refining the model if necessary. We analyze the IRM from the point of view of the desirable features of reference models. We also outline ways in which the IRM could be used in the processes of the design of software infrastructures and in developing software using infrastructures.
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  • 56
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    Automated software engineering 6 (1999), S. 7-35 
    ISSN: 1573-7535
    Schlagwort(e): static analysis ; automated analysis ; compositional reachability analysis ; model checking ; safety properties ; liveness properties ; software architecture ; concurrent and distributed systems ; labelled transition systems ; Büchi automata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Behaviour analysis should form an integral part of the software development process. This is particularly important in the design of concurrent and distributed systems, where complex interactions can cause unexpected and undesired system behaviour. We advocate the use of a compositional approach to analysis. The software architecture of a distributed program is represented by a hierarchical composition of subsystems, with interacting processes at the leaves of the hierarchy. Compositional reachability analysis (CRA) exploits the compositional hierarchy for incrementally constructing the overall behaviour of the system from that of its subsystems. In the Tracta CRA approach, both processes and properties reflecting system specifications are modelled as state machines. Property state machines are composed into the system and violations are detected on the global reachability graph obtained. The property checking mechanism has been specifically designed to deal with compositional techniques. Tracta is supported by an automated tool compatible with our environment for the development of distributed applications.
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  • 57
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    Automated software engineering 6 (1999), S. 107-138 
    ISSN: 1573-7535
    Schlagwort(e): software architecture ; source model extraction ; architectural views
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Because a system's software architecture strongly influences its quality attributes such as modifiability, performance, and security, it is important to analyze and reason about that architecture. However, architectural documentation frequently does not exist, and when it does, it is often “out of sync” with the implemented system. In addition, it is rare that software development begins with a clean slate; systems are almost always constrained by existing legacy code. As a consequence, we need to be able to extract information from existing system implementations and utilize this information for architectural reasoning. This paper presents Dali, an open, lightweight workbench that aids an analyst in extracting, manipulating, and interpreting architectural information. By assisting in the reconstruction of architectures from extracted information, Dali helps an analyst redocument architectures, discover the relationship between “as-implemented” and “as-designed” architectures, analyze architectural quality attributes and plan for architectural change.
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  • 58
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    Animal cognition 1 (1998), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Shape from shading ; Visual search ; Texture segregation ; Chimpanzees ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The perception of shape from shading was tested in two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and five humans (Homo sapiens), using visual search tasks. Subjects were required to select and touch an odd item (target) from among uniform distractors. Humans found the target faster when shading was vertical than when it was horizontal, consistent with results of previous research. Both chimpanzees showed the opposite pattern: they found the target faster when shading was horizontal. The same difference in response was found in texture segregation tasks. This difference between the species could not be explained by head rotation or head shift parallel to the surface of the monitor. Furthermore, when the shaded shape was changed from a circle to a square, or the shading type was changed from gradual to stepwise, the difference in performance between vertical and horizontal shading disappeared in chimpanzees, but persisted in humans. These results suggest that chimpanzees process shading information in a different way from humans.
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  • 59
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    Automated software engineering 5 (1998), S. 261-290 
    ISSN: 1573-7535
    Schlagwort(e): domain-oriented design environments ; software architecture ; human-computer interaction ; human cognitive skills, evolutionary design
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Designing a complex software system is a cognitively challenging task; thus, designers need cognitive support to create good designs. Domain-oriented design environments are cooperative problem-solving systems that support designers in complex design tasks. In this paper we present the architecture and facilities of Argo, a domain-oriented design environment for software architecture. Argo's own architecture is motivated by the desire to achieve reuse and extensibility of the design environment. It separates domain-neutral code from domain-oriented code, which is distributed among active design materials as opposed to being centralized in the design environment. Argo's facilities are motivated by the observed cognitive needs of designers. These facilities extend previous work in design environments by enhancing support for reflection-in-action, and adding new support for opportunistic design and comprehension and problem solving.
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  • 60
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    Agriculture and human values 14 (1997), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Schlagwort(e): Peasant farming systems ; Sustainability ; Zimbabwe
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Many authors suggest the need to define ‘sustainable development’in operational terms. This paper looks at the problems ofattempting to ask whether peasant farming systems are sustainable.Any attempt at sustainability assessment needs to consider issuesrelated to the selected indicators or performance criteria, spatialscale or boundaries, and temporal scale. While there is certainlya need for more rigorous analysis of sustainability issues, thereis limited outlook for an approach based on indicators. Even if themany purely technical problems associated with specific indicatorscan be surmounted, will accurate bio-physical data advance ourknowledge about sustainability? Peasant systems arepolitically-guided management systems, whose boundaries are the state,not the field or the farm. Given the dynamic nature of peasant farmingsystems, where do we draw the line in assessing sustainability?Attempts at sustainability assessment 100 years ago or even 20–30years ago would have been completely superseded by events. We drawattention to the system as a whole, to a web of interconnections,causes and effects – of varying significance over both time andspace.
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  • 61
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    Informatik, Forschung und Entwicklung 12 (1997), S. 72-81 
    ISSN: 0949-2925
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter: Workflow-Management ; Software-Architektur ; Middleware ; Key words: Workflow management ; software architecture ; middleware ; CR Subject Classification: H.1.0 ; H.4.1 ; J.1
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract. The notion ’architecture' is interpreted manifold in the workflow management area. Therefore, the discussion of architectures for workflow management systems is difficult. This article introduces three different interpretations of the notion ’architecture'. In detail, the implementation-oriented interpretation of architecture is presented which is considered to be most important. A phase model for the development of a workflow management system architecture and a layered design model of a workflow management system are shown finally.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung. Der Begriff „Architektur“ wird im Bereich Workflow-Management sehr unterschiedlich interpretiert, weshalb eine Diskussion über Architekturen von Workflow-Management-Systemen nur sehr schwer möglich ist. Dieser Beitrag stellt deshalb drei zu beobachtende Interpretationen des Architekturbegriffs vor und erläutert deren Bedeutung. Schwerpunktmäßig wird daran anschließend die Interpretation des Architekturbegriffs aus Sicht einer Implementierung näher diskutiert, welche als die wesentliche angesehen wird. Ein Phasenmodell zur Entwicklung einer Architektur eines Workflow-Management-Systems und ein Schichtenmodell eines Workflow-Management-Systems im Sinne einer Abstraktionshierarchie werden abschließend vorgestellt.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Antagonistic microorganisms ; Arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Biocontrol ; Plant-defence response ; Sustainability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Biological control of plant pathogens is currently accepted as a key practice in sustainable agriculture because it is based on the management of a natural resource, i.e. certain rhizosphere organisms, common components of ecosystems, known to develop antagonistic activities against harmful organisms (bacteria, fungi, nematodes etc.). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations have been shown to reduce damage caused by soil-borne plant pathogens. Although few AM isolates have been tested in this regard, some appear to be more effective than others. Furthermore, the degree of protection varies with the pathogen involved and can be modified by soil and other environmental conditions. This prophylactic ability of AM fungi could be exploited in cooperation with other rhizospheric microbial angatonists to improve plant growth and health. Despite past achievements on the application of AM in plant protection, further research is needed for a better understanding of both the ecophysiological parameters contributing to effectiveness and of the mechanisms involved. Although the improvement of plant nutrition, compensation for pathogen damage, and competition for photosynthates or colonization/infection sites have been claimed to play a protective role in the AM symbiosis, information is scarce, fragmentary or even controversial, particularly concerning other mechanisms. Such mechanisms include (a) anatomical or morphological AM-induced changes in the root system, (b) microbial changes in rhizosphere populations of AM plants, and (c) local elicitation of plant defence mechanisms by AM fungi. Although compounds typically involved in plant defence reactions are elicited by AM only in low amounts, they could act locally or transiently by making the root more prone to react against pathogens. Current research based on molecular, immunological and histochemical techniques is providing new insights into these mechanisms.
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  • 63
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    Environmental geology 32 (1997), S. 36-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Geoindicators ; Sustainability ; Ecosystem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Geoindicators are high-resolution measures of short-term (〈100 years) surface or near-surface changes in earth processes, and phenomena that are significant for environmental monitoring and assessment. They are based on standard concepts and procedures and can be used to track changes in fluvial, coastal, desert, mountain, permafrost and other terrestrial areas. Geoindicators assess both catastrophic events and those that are more gradual, but evident within a human lifespan. Most deal with changes on the landscape (0.1–10 km) and meso-scales (10–100 km), but some, such as relative sea level and volcanic unrest, have regional and global dimensions. Some are complex and costly to measure, others are relatively simple and easy to apply. Geoindicators can also be used to unravel trends over the past few centuries and longer through paleoenvironmental research, thus providing the important baselines against which human-induced and natural stresses can be better understood. Geoindicators have been designed by the International Union of Geological Sciences as an aid to state-of-the-environment reporting and long-term ecological monitoring.
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  • 64
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    Aquarium sciences and conservation 1 (1997), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Schlagwort(e): Ornamental Fish ; Sustainability ; Amazon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fishes and aquaticenvironments are often overlooked in conservation and sustainabledevelopment projects in Amazonia, yet the diversity of fishes(〉 3 000 species) and the socio-economic value of thefisheries and the aquatic habitats have a great importance forthe region. Fishes are not only the principal source of proteinfor local people (〉 70 kg/capita), many are also traded asornamental fishes in a worldwide market. The middle Rio Negrobasin is the major fishing grounds for live ornamental aquariumfish. Nearly 20 million live fishes are exported from the regionannually, generating more than US$ 2 000 000 annually forthe local economy. The trade in ornamental fish now contributesover 60% of the income revenue in the municipality. The goal ofProject Piaba is to promote an economically viable fishery forlocal fishers, and an ecologically sustainable resource for agreen aquarium industry. To arrive at these goals first requiresan understanding of the ecosystems and sociocultural systems ofconcern. The Project Piaba team has made baseline studies on thediversity of fishes and habitats, and socio-economic processes ofthe ornamental fishery. Five principal project goals are: (1) To collect baseline data on the ecosystem, socio-economy and diversity of fishes, to analyze the impact of the ornamental fish trade on social and natural environments. (2) To diagnose diseases, to introduce fish care techniques, to improve the survival and quality of fishes and turtles, and eventually to establish quarantine protocols at each level of the trade. (3) To provide environmental education and socio-cultural history to local fishers, distributors and public, and to promote career development in aquarium science and conservation. (4) To create community based fishery management strategies which would include managed harvest levels, stock enhancement of fishes and turtles and the development of aquaculture. (5) To assist in the revision of policies by regulatory agencies in order to protect vulnerable species and enhance the economic viability of the region
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  • 65
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    Applied categorical structures 3 (1996), S. 109-138 
    ISSN: 1572-9095
    Schlagwort(e): Reverse engineering ; software architecture ; software documentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Recovery of higher level design information and the ability to create dynamic software documentation is crucial to supporting a number of program understanding activities. Software maintainers look for standard software architectural structures (e.g., interfaces, interprocess communication, layers, objects) that the code developers had employed. Our goals center on supporting software maintenance/evolution activities through architectural recovery tools that are based on reverse engineering technology. Our tools start with existing source code and extract architecture-level descriptions linked to the source code fragments that implement architectural features. Recognizers (individual source code query modules used to analyze the target program) are used to locate architectural features in the source code. We also report on representation and organization issues for the set of recognizers that are central to our approach.
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  • 66
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    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 649-666 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Shrimp aquaculture ; Thailand ; Historical practices ; Environmental impacts ; Sustainability ; Integrated management ; Water treatment ; Institutional aspects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Water quality impacts to and from intensive shrimp aquaculture in Thailand are substantial. Besides the surface and subsurface salinization of freshwaters, loadings of solids, oxygen-consuming organic matter, and nutrients to receiving waters are considerable when the cumulative impacts from water exchange during the growout cycle, pond drainage during harvesting, and illegal pond sediment disposal are taken into account. Although just beginning to be considered in Thailand, partial recirculating and integrated intensive farming systems are producing promising, if somewhat limited, results. By providing on-site treatment of the effluent from the shrimp growout ponds, there is less reliance on using outside water supplies, believed to be the source of the contamination. The explosion in the number of intensively operated shrimp farms has not only impacted the coastal zone of Thailand, but has also resulted in an unsustainable aquaculture industry. Abandonment of shrimp ponds due to either drastic, disease-caused collapses or more grandual, year-to-year reductions in the productivity of the pond is common. To move Thailand towards a more sustainable aquaculture industry and coastal zone environment, integrated aquaculture management is needed. Components of integrated aquaculture management are technical and institutional. The technical components involve deployment of wastewater treatment and minimal water-use systems aimed at making aquaculture operations more hydraulically closed. Before this is possible, technical and economic feasibility studies on enhanced nitrification systems and organic solids removal by oxidation between production cycles and/or the utilization of plastic pond liners need to be conducted. The integration of semi-intensive aquaculture within mangrove areas also should be investigated since mangrove losses attributable to shrimp aquaculture are estimated to be between 16 and 32% of the total mangrove area destroyed betweeen 1979 and 1993. Government policy needs to devote as much attention to sustainability issues as it has on promoting intensive pond culture. Such a balanced policy would include training and education monitoring and enforcement, rehabilitating abandoned ponds, managing land use within the coastal zone, more community involvement, and government reorganization to eliminate overlapping jurisdictions among agencies. As integrated aquaculture management becomes more the practice than the exception, less risk of crop failure to the industry and reduced discharge loadings from intensively managed shrimp ponds to receiving waters can be expected. Projected limitations on growing and marketing shrimp in the future, such as scarcity of land and broodstock, continued disease outbreaks, negative publicity, regulatory enforcement, water treatment and solids disposal costs, and increased competition from growers in other Asian countries will also drive the government and the industry towards adopting integrated aquaculture management.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Ecosystem management ; Sustainability ; Ecological risk assessment ; Everglades ; South Florida
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The ecosystems of South Florida are unique in the world. The defining features of the natural Everglades (large spatial scale, temporal patterns of water storage and sheetflow, and low nutrient levels) historically allowed a mosaic of habitats with characteristic animals. Massive hydrological alterations have halved the Everglades, and ecological sustainability requires fundamental changes in management. The US Man and the Biosphere Human-Dominated Systems Directorate is conducting a case study of South Florida using ecosystem management as a framework for exploring options for mutually dependent sustainability of society and the environment. A new methodology was developed to specify sustainability goals, characterize human factors affecting the ecosystem, and conduct scenario/consequence analyses to examine ecological and societal implications. South Florida has sufficient water for urban, agricultural, and ecological needs, but most water drains to the sea through the system of canals; thus, the issue is not competition for resources but storage and management of water. The goal is to reestablish the natural system for water quantity, timing, and distribution over a sufficient area to restore the essence of the Everglades. The societal sustainability in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is at risk because of soil degradation, vulnerability of sugar price supports, policies affecting Cuban sugar imports, and political/economic forces aligned against sugar production. One scenario suggested using the EAA for water storage while under private sugar production, thereby linking sustainability of the ecological system with societal sustainability. Further analyses are needed, but the US MAB project suggests achieving ecological sustainability consistent with societal sustainability may be feasible.
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  • 68
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    Natural resources research 5 (1996), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 1573-8981
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; materials ; consumption ; production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Many adverse impacts on the environment can be directly related to the materials dispersed to the environment during processing or use, or after use as refuse and waste. Some materials, such as toxic wastes, are a major concern because they create immediate problems with longerterm effects. Gases released by major manufacturing industries can contribute to long-term regional and global problems such as acid rain or increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The use of other materials, however, appears to be more benign or strictly localized in their impacts. If the current per capita level of material consumption in the United States was achieved worldwide, it would create major stresses on both resource adequacy and the environment. In fact, stresses have been created and will continue from this consumption style (developed countries) even if others don't achieve them.
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  • 69
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    Autonomous robots 3 (1996), S. 285-296 
    ISSN: 1573-7527
    Schlagwort(e): autonomous underwater robot ; test bed system ; distributed system ; behavior control ; sliding control ; transputers ; software architecture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An autonomous underwater robot named “Twin-Burger” was developed as a versatile test bed to establish the techniques which realize intelligent robot behaviors. The robot was designed to have necessary functions for complex tasks including cooperative task execution with other robots and divers. The first robot “Twin-Burger I” was completed and launched in November 1992. This paper describes hardware and software systems of the robot. Motion of the robot is controlled by sliding controllers based on simplified equations of motion which are derived from system identification experiments. Tank tests proved that the robot was able to cruise along a commanded path as a sequence of control actions generated by the sliding controllers. The Distributed Vehicle Management Architecture (DVMA) is applied to the robot as an architecture for the control software. Mission execution experiments shows that the Twin-Burger behaves appropriately according to the mission and environmental conditions.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1573-7535
    Schlagwort(e): software engineering environments ; software reuse ; software architecture ; knowledge-based software engineering ; domain modeling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper describes a prototype Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Environment used to demonstrate the concepts of reuse of software requirements and software architectures. The prototype environment, which is application-domain independent, is used to support the development of domain models and to generate target system specifications from them. The prototype environment consists of an integrated set of commercial-off-the-shelf software tools and custom developed software tools. The concept of reuse is prevalent at several levels of the domain modeling method and prototype environment. The environment itself is domain-independent thereby supporting the specification of diverse application domain models. The domain modeling method specifies a family of systems rather than a single system; features characterize the variations in functional requirements supported by the family and individual family members are specified by the features they are to support. The knowledge-based approach to target system generation provides the rules for generating target system specifications from the domain model; target system specifications, themselves, may be stored in an object repository for subsequent retrieval and reuse.
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  • 71
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    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 469-479 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental planning and management ; Sustainability ; Watershed ; Integrative framework ; Implementation ; Institutional arrangements
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Sustainable environmental planning and management require effective integration of ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional elements. This paper presents an integrative methodological framework for sustainable environmental planning and management. The development of this integrative framework is accomplished by combining two complementary analytical approaches—Hufschmidt's conceptual framework for watershed planning and management and the ABC resource survey method. The combined methodological framework seeks to delineate and synthesize essential ecological information utilizing an integrative resource survey method. This method generates classifications of environmental significance and constraint. Areas of environmental significance and constraint are then linked to appropriate and acceptable resource management actions, implementation tools (e.g., education, technical assistance), and institutional and organizational arrangements. The integrative methodological framework was developed for application in the Rio Fortuna watershed in Costa Rica's Arenal Conservation Area. The watershed is characterized by a variety of land and resource uses, including biologically diverse and ecologically fragile protected areas, small-parcel agriculture, cattle ranching, and tourism.
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  • 72
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    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Endangered ; Threatened species ; Salmon ; Ecological economics ; Existence value ; Contingent valuation ; Sustainability ; Natural capital
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis The diversity of fishes is declining worldwide, largely as the result of habitat alterations created by decisions that foster short-term economic gain. While the best arguments for preserving endangered fishes and ecosystems are non-economic arguments, they have been relatively ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to provide economic arguments as well. Fish in general have high market values and are a vital source of protein for humans but these values have contributed more to their decline than to their conservation. Fish also have high value as indicators of the health of ecosystems which provide many services to humans, such as clean water. This has not prevented the degradation of aquatic ecosystems, although the value of fisheries has occasionally justified ecosystem protection. Existence values have been developed as a way of putting an economic value on some of the less tangible aspects of fish and ecosystems but they also make it possible to justify extinctions. If the continuous increase in the number of endangered fishes and aquatic ecosystems is to be halted, then the economic costs of environmental degradation to future generations must be included as part of the cost of doing business today (intergenerational value). Political action is needed to protect fishes and aquatic habitats against the day when more benign economic and philosophical systems become predominant.
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  • 73
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    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 797-814 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural development ; Agroecology ; Agroforestry ; Forest garden ; Human Ecology ; Land degradation ; Sustainability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Forest gardens are traditional agroecosystems in the humid tropics that have evolved a forestlike structure and as such are commonly thought to be a good example of sustainable agriculture. While this may be true in the sense of soil protection and maintenance of biodiversity, they are not necessarily maintainable in the context of competing land use in the landscape. Such appears to be the case of forest gardens in the uplands of Uva Province of Sri Lanka. This paper reports an agroecological analysis of forest gardens and other forms of land use in Uva, and discusses how this understanding can be used to make use of the good properties of forest gardens. It shows that although they have very real environmental and social benefits, they are unable to satisfy the material needs of a rural population undergoing demographic and cultural changes. However, the alternative land-use systems, both private smallholder and state owned, have serious deficiencies with respect to long-term sustainability, and it is essential to develop appropriate alternatives. It should be possible to design a smallholder farming system that incorporates the high productivity of market gardens (i.e., the cultivation of seasonal crops such as vegetables) with, at least, the high stability and biophysical sustainability of the forest garden. Considerable work still needs to be done on the design of such a system as well as the agency for its development and promotion. The paper treats the forest gardens of Uva as a case study from which some general conclusions can be drawn with respect to the conscious development of forest garden systems elsewhere in the tropics.
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  • 74
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    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 663-676 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Shrimp farming ; Colombia ; Sustainability ; Resource use ; Life support system ; Carrying capacity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Shrimp farming in mangrove areas has grown dramatically in Asia and Latin America over the past decade. As a result, demand for resources required for farming, such as feed, seed, and clean water, has increased substantially. This study focuses on semiintensive shrimp culture as practiced on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. We estimated the spatial ecosystem support that is required to produce the food inputs, nursery areas, and clean water to the shrimp farms, as well as to process wastes. We also made an estimate of the natural and human-made resources necessary to run a typical semiintensive shrimp farm. The results show that a semiintensive shrimp farm needs a spatial ecosystem support—the ecological footprint—that is 35–190 times larger than the surface area of the farm. A typical such shrimp farm appropriates about 295 J of ecological work for each joule of edible shrimp protein produced. The corresponding figure for industrial energy is 40:1. More than 80% of the ecological primary production required to feed the shrimps is derived from external ecosystems. In 1990 an area of 874–2300 km2 of mangrove was required to supply shrimp postlarvae to the farms in Colombia, corresponding to a total area equivalent to about 20–50% of the country’s total mangrove area. The results were compared with similar estimates for other food production systems, particularly aquacultural ones. The comparison indicates that shrimp farming ranks as one of the most resource-intensive food production systems, characterizing it as an ecologically unsustainable throughput system. Based on the results, we discuss local, national, and regional appropriation of ecological support by the semiintensive shrimp farms. Suggestions are made for how shrimp farming could be transformed into a food production system that is less environmentally degrading and less dependent on external support areas.
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  • 75
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    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 477-488 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Deep ecology ; Biocentrism, Environmental ; Anthropocentric ; Biosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract It has been argued that existing perspectives on the environmental crisis can be divided into two broad categories (deep and shallow). Deep ecologists have used this typology to argue that mainstream perspectives on the environment are shallow and overly preoccupied with pollution control and resource degradation. This paper argues that the deep/shallow typology is biased and misleading because it: (1) obscures the fact that shallow ecology is comprised of several internally differentiated and disparate perspectives and (2) it favors the deep ecology perspective by creating the impression that the human-centered nature of the shallow perspective is incompatible with the fundamental changes required to address the environmental crisis. In order to test these claims, we compared deep and shallow perspectives on the environmental crisis using the North American expression of deep ecology and the Brundtland version of sustainable development and steady-state economy as exemplars. From this we were able to make the following conclusions: (1) deep and shallow ecology perspectives are best visualized as part of a continuum of perspectives on the environment that emerged from a long-standing critique of Western development, (2) that the descriptions of the etiology of the environmental crisis offered by sustainable development and deep ecology are incomplete, and (3) although both traditions are presently regarded to be in direct opposition, they have much to learn from each other.
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  • 76
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    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 4 (1993), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Schlagwort(e): Object-oriented programming ; production scheduling ; knowledge-based systems ; software architecture ; wafer testing ; discrete event simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: This paper describes an object-oriented architecture to support decision making in production scheduling environments. An object-oriented world view is used to integrate concepts from discrete event simulation, conventional scheduling logic and artificial intelligence to produce capacity-feasible schedules. The architecture was implemented as a collection of loosely coupled reusable software objects by extending the functionality of software objects from BLOCS/M (Berkeley Library of Objects for Control and Simulation of Manufacturing). Our experience with an industrial prototype is presented.
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  • 77
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    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Assessment ; Cancer ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Mushroom
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This assessment focuses on the concentrations of some chemicals present in theAgaricus bisporus mushroom, the cancer-inducing doses of these chemicals or mushroom used in the animal experiments, the total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in these mice, and the estimated total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in humans. By adding the estimated amounts of chemicals needed to induce cancer and by comparing it with the amount of raw mushroom needed to induce the same effect, it becomes obvious that we have accounted for less than 2% of the carcinogenic components of theAgaricus bisporus mushroom. Since some unavailable data handicapped this assessment, it should be regarded as tentative and subject to further adjustment.
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  • 78
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    Environmental management 17 (1993), S. 179-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Environment ; Environmental accounting ; Resource ; Spatial System ; Sustainability ; Sustainable development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Even though “sustainable development” seems to have emerged as the development paradigm of the 1990s, a great deal of vagueness still surrounds the meaning, definition, and theoretical underpinnings of the concept. There is also a general lack of emphasis on the spatial dimension of sustainable development when developing relevant conceptual or environmental accounting frameworks. In clarifying the concept, this article proposes a definition that explicitly incorporates the temporal as well as the spatial dimension of sustainability. It also develops a logically consistent conceptual framework for the analysis and evaluation of sustainable development, following a spatial systems approach. Five interconnected aspatial subsystems or subsets of a spatial system are identified and their respective operational dimensions discussed. A proposed composite index calleddegree of stainable development (DSD) and its five component indicators are also outlined. The difficulties involved in operationalizing the DSD measure and the conceptual framework are noted, and the various tasks that need to be undertaken in this regard are specified. It is concluded that future research utilizing the proposed conceptual framework should not only foster the development of appropriate methodologies for the comparative evaluation of sustainable development at global, national, or regional scales, but also offer insights to appropriate decision makers at various levels regarding available options and alternative actions for the healthy development of their respective societies.
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  • 79
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    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 151-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Triple cereal cropping ; Barley ; double-cropped rice ; Oryza sativa ; Wetland rice soils ; Stable grain yield ; Organic manuring ; Sustainability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Triple cereal cropping is an important grain production pattern which has been adopted on a vast area of paddy fields in Southern China. A long-term triple cereal cropping (barely with double-cropped rice) experiment has been conducted for 18 years (1974–1991) in paddy fields on the southern coastal plain of Zhejiang. The results showed that long-term triple cereal cropping has a high and stable grain yield level if certain improved crop varieties are used. Furthermore, the use of organic manure to reduce yield fluctuations and promote N-use efficiency was evaluated.
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  • 80
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    Journal of evolutionary economics 3 (1993), S. 285-315 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Schlagwort(e): Ecological change ; Energy ; Entropy ; Joint production ; Pollution ; Sustainability ; Q20-Q40-C67-O33
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A joint production model representing “Spaceship Earth” is used to explore at a conceptual level, implications of natural resource depletion and economic waste production for economy-environment change. Ecological change is considered as uncontrolled technological innovation, partially induced through disposal of unwanted “surpluses” (by-products and “wastes” from economic activity). These surpluses may accumulate as wastelands, or (more likely) contribute to uncontrolled ecological change. Technologically stationary economy-environment steady-state solutions are contrasted with instability and forced change where either the technologies or the patterns of resource allocation in economic and environmental processes are incompatible with a steady state.
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  • 81
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    Annals of biomedical engineering 21 (1993), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Work of breathing ; Inspiratory pressure-time integral ; Respiratory modeling ; Dogs ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract We hypothesized that the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system should have significant implications for the energetically optimal frequency of breathing, in view of the fact that these properties cause marked dependencies of overall system resistance and elastance on frequency. To test our hypothesis we simulated two models of canine and human respiratory system mechanics during sinusoidal breathing and calculated the inspiratory work ( $$\dot W$$ ) and pressure-time integral (PTI) per minute under both resting and exercise conditions. The two models were a two-compartment viscoelastic model and a single-compartment model. Requiring minute alveolar ventilation to be fixed, we found that both models predicted almost identical optimum breathing frequencies. The calculated PTI was very insensitive to increases in breathing frequency above the optimal frequencies, while $$\dot W$$ was found to increase slowly with frequency above its optimum. In contrast, both $$\dot W$$ and PTI increased sharply as frequency decreased below their respective optima. A sensitivity analysis showed that the model predictions were very insensitive to the elastance and resistance values chosen to characterize tissue viscoelasticity. We conclude that the $$\dot W$$ criterion for choosing the frequency of breathing is compatible with observations in nature, whereas the optimal frequency predictions of the PTI are rather too high. Both criteria allow for a fairly wide margin of choice in frequency above the optimum values without incurring excessive additional energy expenditure. Furthermore, contrary to our expectations, the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system tissues do not pose a noticeable problem to the respiratory controller in terms of energy expenditure.
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  • 82
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    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Alu source genes ; Humans ; Gorillas ; Retrotransposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A member of the young PV Alu sub-family is detected in chimpanzee DNA showing that the PV subfamily is not specific to human DNA. This particular Alu is absent from the orthologous loci in both human and gorilla DNAs, indicating that PV subfamily members transposed within the chimpanzee lineage following the divergence of chimpanzee from both gorilla and human. These findings and previous reports describing the transpositional activity of other Alu sequences within the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee lineages provide phylogenetic evidence for the existence of multiple Alu source genes. Sequences surrounding this particular Alu resemble known transcriptional control elements associated with RNA polymerase III, suggesting a mechanism by which cis-acting elements might be acquired upon retrotransposition.
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  • 83
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    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 336-344 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nuclear polymorphisms ; Heteroplasmy ; Genetic differentiation ; Sickle cell ; Rain forest refuges
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The identification of genetically coherent populations is essential for understanding human evolution. Among the culturally uniform ethnic groups of west Africa, there are two geographically distinct populations with high frequencies of sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS). Although the HbS mutation in each group is found on distinguishable chromosomes 11, these populations have been assumed to be parts of a single population. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in these populations demonstrated that the two populations identified by alternative chromosomes 11 bearing HbS have distinct distributions of mitochondrial genotypes, i.e., they are maternally separate. These studies also showed that, contrary to expectation, the mtDNA of some individuals is heteroplasmic. For nuclear loci, a comparison of the frequency of alternative alleles established that these populations are genetically distinct. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear data indicate that these populations have been separate for approximately 50,000 years. Although HbS in the two populations is usually attributed to recent, independent mutations, the duration of the separation and the observed geographic distribution of the population allow for the possibility of an ancient origin of HbS. Assuming an ancient mutation and considering the known biogeography, we suggest that HbS protected selected populations from malaria in rain forest refuges during the most recent ice age.
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  • 84
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    Plant ecology 99-100 (1992), S. 299-305 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Agroforestry ; Dehesa ; Mediterranean climate ; Succession ; Sustainability ; Wildlife
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract There are many similarities between Spanish and Californian Quercus woodlands and savanna. Both are located in Mediterranean climate zones, and are used predominantly for livestock grazing. The Californian overstory is dominated by one or a combination of five Quercus species and their hybrids: Quercus douglasii H.&A., Q. agrifolia Nee., Q. wislizenii A.DC., Q. lobata Nee., and Q. englemennii Greene (blue, coast live, interior live, valley, and Englemann oaks). In southern Spain and Portugal, Quercus woodland overstory is predominantly one or a combination of two Quercus species, Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) and Quercus suber L. (cork oak). The underlying natural and semi-natural ecological dynamics of the Quercus woodlands of Spain and California are different, and it follows that the management practices employed also differ. The greatest point of contrast between California and Spain is in the intensity and diversity of management goals and practices. A state-transition model for comparing the ecological dynamics of Quercus woodlands and savanna in California and southern Spain is developed and examined. The highly simplified model is an analytic tool of use in organizing research and developing management practices. States are reached and maintained in different ways in Spain and California, but their appearance and their function in each landscape are quite similar.
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  • 85
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    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 442-449 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Mouse ; Rat ; Codon usage ; Mutation bias ; Selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A new statistical test has been developed to detect selection on silent sites. This test compares the codon usage within a gene and thus does not require knowledge of which genes are under the greatest selection, that there exist common trends in codon usage across genes, or that genes have the same mutation pattern. It also controls for mutational biases that might be introduced by the adjacent bases. The test was applied to 62 mammalian sequences, the significant codon usage biases were detected in all three species examined (humans, rats, and mice). However, these biases appear not to be the consequence of selection, but of the first base pair in the codon influencing the mutation pattern at the third position.
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  • 86
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    Water resources management 5 (1991), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; technology choice ; irrigation investment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper discusses the concept of sustainability and its relevance in assessing technology choice issues in irrigation investment appraisal. Although, sustainable agricultural development is a desirable goal, the concept cannot lead to practical project appraisal recommendations unless it is properly defined and it is introduced in the project evaluation process as a set of selection rules. This paper discusses the concepts of sustainable development and project sustainability, and continues with rules that can be used in the project selection process to examine: (a) ecological; (b) operational; and (c) financial sustainability of projects. The paper concludes that sustainability is a useful concept to use in analysing alternative options for technical, organizational and economic issues in irrigation project appraisal.
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  • 87
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    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Schlagwort(e): Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
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  • 88
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    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Ecologically sustainable development ; Ethics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Some have argued that the meaning of sustainability varies according to context, forcing us to be as explicit as possible when defining our terms. An argument is offered that disputes this conclusion by maintaining that it is not the meaning of sustainability that changes with respect to context, but rather our understanding of the context itself. This is frequently apparent in contradictions that arise when conceiving each context in terms of sustainability. If this argument is correct, then we should be concerned not with the “meaning” of sustainability but rather the implications of sustainability as they affect the status quo. And in order to do this we must be prepared to answer the question: Why is sustainability desirable? This approach is illustrated through a preliminary conceptual and ethical analysis of ecologically sustainable development.
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  • 89
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    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 297-305 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Sustainable development ; Policy ; Australia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This article examines the concept of sustainability (sustainable development, sustainable societies) with a view to providing a means of considering the idea in such a way as to be more useful to concerns of policy. A brief background is given, covering the historical development of the concept, the constituent ecological and social concerns that lie behind it, and some aspects of the sustainability debate in Australia. Some attributes of a sustainable future, as evident from the literature, are listed. The value base of the concept is recognized, and the correct place for sustainability concerns is identified within a simple policy-making model. The complexity of such a model in the real world is explored using a list of thecontexts of sustainability, illustrated with examples from Australian natural resource management. Finally, the more dynamic and flexible nature of patterns of production and consumption in more sustainable societies is recognized and explained, as are two guiding directives to be applied in the search for models which display characteristics of sustainability.
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  • 90
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    BIT 28 (1988), S. 427-438 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Schlagwort(e): C.3 ; D.2.2 ; Programming Methodology ; Software Engineering ; Embedded Real-time Systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A method for design of embedded real-time systems is described. We discuss how the method separates concerns and at what points theory is applied. We also report on our experience from teaching the method to engineers from several Danish companies and their experience in using the method in real development projects.
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  • 91
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    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Genome composition ; Coding sequences ; Isochores ; Humans ; Murids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50-100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first+second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence-specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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