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1

Electronic Resource

Ecosystem management to achieve ecological sustainability: The case of South Florida (1996)

Harwell, Mark A. ; Long, John F. ; Bartuska, Ann M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 497-521

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Keywords: Ecosystem management ; Sustainability ; Ecological risk assessment ; Everglades ; South Florida

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The ecosystems of South Florida are unique in the world. The defining features of the natural Everglades (large spatial scale, temporal patterns of water storage and sheetflow, and low nutrient levels) historically allowed a mosaic of habitats with characteristic animals. Massive hydrological alterations have halved the Everglades, and ecological sustainability requires fundamental changes in management. The US Man and the Biosphere Human-Dominated Systems Directorate is conducting a case study of South Florida using ecosystem management as a framework for exploring options for mutually dependent sustainability of society and the environment. A new methodology was developed to specify sustainability goals, characterize human factors affecting the ecosystem, and conduct scenario/consequence analyses to examine ecological and societal implications. South Florida has sufficient water for urban, agricultural, and ecological needs, but most water drains to the sea through the system of canals; thus, the issue is not competition for resources but storage and management of water. The goal is to reestablish the natural system for water quantity, timing, and distribution over a sufficient area to restore the essence of the Everglades. The societal sustainability in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is at risk because of soil degradation, vulnerability of sugar price supports, policies affecting Cuban sugar imports, and political/economic forces aligned against sugar production. One scenario suggested using the EAA for water storage while under private sugar production, thereby linking sustainability of the ecological system with societal sustainability. Further analyses are needed, but the US MAB project suggests achieving ecological sustainability consistent with societal sustainability may be feasible.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474652

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Electronic Resource

Ecosystem Management to Achieve Ecological Sustainability: The Case of South Florida (1996)

Harwell, Mark A. ; Long, John F. ; Bartuska, Ann M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 497-521

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Keywords: KEY WORDS: Ecosystem management; Sustainability; Ecological risk assessment; Everglades; South Florida

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract. The ecosystems of South Florida are unique in the world. The defining features of the natural Everglades (large spatial scale, temporal patterns of water storage and sheetflow, and low nutrient levels) historically allowed a mosaic of habitats with characteristic animals. Massive hydrological alterations have halved the Everglades, and ecological sustainability requires fundamental changes in management. The US Man and the Biosphere Human-Dominated Systems Directorate is conducting a case study of South Florida using ecosystem management as a framework for exploring options for mutually dependent sustainability of society and the environment. A new methodology was developed to specify sustainability goals, characterize human factors affecting the ecosystem, and conduct scenario/consequence analyses to examine ecological and societal implications. South Florida has sufficient water for urban, agricultural, and ecological needs, but most water drains to the sea through the system of canals; thus, the issue is not competition for resources but storage and management of water. The goal is to reestablish the natural system for water quantity, timing, and distribution over a sufficient area to restore the essence of the Everglades. The societal sustainability in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is at risk because of soil degradation, vulnerability of sugar price supports, policies affecting Cuban sugar imports, and political/economic forces aligned against sugar production. One scenario suggested using the EAA for water storage while under private sugar production, thereby linking sustainability of the ecological system with societal sustainability. Further analyses are needed, but the US MAB project suggests achieving ecological sustainability consistent with societal sustainability may be feasible.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474652

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3

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Premature death (1991)

OGDEN, JOHN C.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 353 (1991), S. 509-509

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Williams et al.l report mass mortalities of black sea urchins (Diadema antillarum) in the Florida Keys and the Caribbean Sea. Their report is based on uncoordinated, qualitative or unverified observations, unlike the painstakingly assembled observations of the first reported mass mortality of ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353509b0

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4

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The role of herbivorous fishes and urchins in coral reef communities (1978)

Ogden, John C. ; Lobel, Phillip S.

Springer

Environmental biology of fishes 3 (1978), S. 49-63

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ISSN: 1573-5133

Keywords: Algae ; Co-evolution ; Behavior ; Ecology ; Communities ; Seagrass ; Feeding selectivity ; Predatorprey ; Fish morphology ; Herbivore

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Synopsis Herbivorous fishes and invertebrates are conspicious elements of coral reef communities where they predominate both in numbers and biomass. Herbivores and the coral reef algae on which they feed represent a co-evolved system of defense and counter-defense. Algal species have developed toxic, structural, spatial and temporal defense or escape mechanisms, while the herbivores employ strategies that involve anatomical, physiological and behavioral adaptations. Current research demonstrates that many reef fishes are highly selective in the algae they consume. Food selection in these fishes may be correlated with their morphological and digestive capabilities to rupture algal cell walls. Sea urchins select more in accordance with relative abundance, although certain algal species are clearly avoided. The determinants of community structure on coral reefs have yet to be established but evidence indicates a strong influence by herbivores. Reef herbivores may reduce the abundance of certain competitively superior algae, thus allowing corals and cementing coralline algae to survive. We discuss how the foraging activities of tropical marine herbivores affect the distribution and abundance of algae and how these activities contribute to the development of coral reef structure and the fish assemblages which are intimately associated with reef structure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006308

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5

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The influence of light on the twilight migrations of grunts (1979)

McFarland, William N. ; Ogden, John C. ; Lythgoe, John N.

Springer

Environmental biology of fishes 4 (1979), S. 9-22

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ISSN: 1573-5133

Keywords: Fish migration ; Behavioral precision ; Behavior reversal ; Schooling ; Predation ; Retinal photomechanical movements ; Body color patterns ; Quiet period

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Synopsis Behaviors that precede the daily migrations of mixed-species schools of juvenile grunts (Pomadasyidae), from patch reefs to grass beds at dusk and vice versa at dawn, are defined and utilized to ascertain the precision of the migrations. Although premigratory behaviors differ at dusk and dawn, the migrations are precise twilight events which occur at the same light intensities during dawn and dusk. Histological sections of the retina reveal that both cones and rods are fully exposed to ambient light during the migrations. Under the difficult photic conditions that prevail during migration, the retina is structured photomechanically to maximize the absorption of ambient light. Body colorations of the grunts, which consist mostly of intense colored stripes during the day, are replaced at night by cryptic melanic patterns. The precision of migration, the photomechanical movements in the retina, and the changes in body coloration are considered adaptive because they reduce predation on grunts when they migrate and are most vulnerable to attack. In support of this conclusion, the migrations take place just before the evening and just after the morning ‘quiet period’ - thus they avoid that period during twilight when predation is highest in tropical fish communities.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005923

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6

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A science-based strategy for ecological restoration in South Florida (1999)

Harwell, Mark A. ; Gentile, John H. ; Bartuska, Ann ; [et al.]

Springer

Urban ecosystems 3 (1999), S. 201-222

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ISSN: 1573-1642

Keywords: ecosystem management ; ecological risk assessment ; sustainability ; Everglades restoration ; human–environment interactions

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The Everglades and associated coastal ecosystems of South Florida are unique and highly valued ecosystems. One of the world's largest water management systems has been developed in South Florida over the past 50 years to provide flood control, urban and agricultural water supply, and drainage of land for development. However, this system has inadvertently caused extensive degradation of the South Florida environment, resulting in the loss of more than half the historical Everglades system and elimination of whole classes of ecosystems. The U.S. Man and the Biosphere Program (US MAB) instituted a project to develop ecosystem management principles and identify requirements for ecological sustainability of South Florida. A strategic process developed by the US MAB Project illustrates how ecosystem management and ecological risk assessment principles apply to South Florida, including the development of societal goals and objectives of desired sustainable ecological condition, translation of these goals/objectives into scientifically meaningful ecological endpoints, creation of a regional plan designed to meet the sustainability goals, and development of a framework for evaluating how well the plan will achieve ecological sustainability of South Florida. An extensive federal, state, and tribal interagency process is underway to develop a restoration plan for restructuring the regional management system, essentially following the elements in the US MAB project process. The Florida Governor's Commission was established as an institution to reflect societal values and define regional sustainability goals. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is developing a science-based plan for Congressional approval to restructure the water management system to achieve the societal goals. Thus, South Florida may become the prototype example of successful regional-scale ecosystem management.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009500516378

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7

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The natural South Florida system II: Predrainage ecology (1999)

Browder, Joan A. ; Ogden, John C.

Springer

Urban ecosystems 3 (1999), S. 245-277

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ISSN: 1573-1642

Keywords: predrainage Everglades ; landscape mosaics ; vegetative cover ; habitat connectivity ; wading birds

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The goal of the South Florida restoration process is to reestablish a sustainable ecological system that approximates the predrainage system (i.e., the system that existed before canals and water control structures were built). A critical step in the restoration process is to describe the predrainage system with sufficient detail to capture the essential landscape features (e.g., space, connectivity, patterns) that gave the region its defining character and supported its natural abundance and diversity of plants and wildlife. A previous attempt at reconstruction of predrainage (circa 1870) vegetation patterns covered only the Everglades (Davis et al., 1994) but introduced a concept of landscape mosaics that should be extended to South Florida. We propose 16 landscape units that include freshwater landscapes, upland landscapes, coastal wetlands, and estuaries (particularly Florida and Biscayne Bays), the Florida Keys and Reef Tract, and the Inner Southwest Florida Shelf. The predrainage area, because of its enormous size, supported a landscape heterogeneity that was advantageous to animals with several distinct habitat-related life strategies. Five species have been selected to illustrate different dependencies on landscape patterns in predrainage South Florida: wood stork (Mycteria americana), American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis), and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). As individuals or as populations, these animals operated across several spatial and temporal scales. The predrainage system's large spatial extent and complex hydropatterns allowed wood storks and other animals with large feeding ranges to take advantage of the strongly seasonal rainfall pattern, while at the same time providing a refuge somewhere in the system for survival of all other species. Landscape heterogeneity and large spatial extent promoted the region's natural wildlife abundance and species diversity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009504601357

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8

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Environmental management scenarios: Ecological implications (1999)

Ogden, John C. ; Browder, Joan A. ; Gentile, John H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Urban ecosystems 3 (1999), S. 279-303

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ISSN: 1573-1642

Keywords: scenario-consequence analysis ; hydrology ; landscape mosaic ; ecosystem management

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The measure of whether a management scenario is capable of establishing regional-scale ecosystem sustainability is the degree to which it recovers the historical characteristics of the regional landscape mosaic. This study examines the ability of alternate management scenarios to recover the defining ecological features of the Everglades and South Florida landscape. Five conceptual scenarios are evaluated for recovering and sustaining the ecological characteristics of the wetland systems in South Florida. First, the regional-scale physical characteristics are identified that created and supported the major organizing and driving forces in the predrainage Everglades and Big Cypress basins. Eight hypotheses are proposed to explain how human-caused modifications to these defining characteristics have been responsible for the substantial level of ecological deterioration that has been documented in South Florida wetlands during the last century. The restoration scenarios are evaluated on their proposed ability to correct the physical and biological problems identified by the hypotheses. Our assessment of the five scenarios shows that all would improve the problems addressed by the eight hypotheses, as all could more effectively move increased volumes of water across broader expanses of contiguous wetlands than do existing management programs. This would result in longer hydroperiods over larger areas, reflecting historical patterns. Two of the scenarios would be successful in increasing flows into Florida Bay and the Gulf coast estuaries because removing internal structures increases the spatial extent of the upstream areas that could be devoted to natural hydropatterns. The benefits of eastern boundary buffer zones include improved flow into the Taylor Slough basin. Using Lake Okeechobee as a site for increased water storage, followed by the addition of eastern buffer zones and portions of the Everglades Agricultural Area, would produce increased flexibility in providing the storage capacity required to meet sustainability goals. Scenarios with maximum areas of buffer not only are more successful in reducing groundwater seepage losses to the east but also are more likely to reduce the level of nutrients and other contaminants entering the natural wetlands.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009508718195

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