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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (6,324)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5,784)
  • Aircraft Propulsion and Power  (94)
  • 1955-1959  (6,881)
  • 1950-1954  (3,674)
  • 1940-1944  (1,647)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: Three highly polished 15- included- angle cone- cylinders with hemispherical tips of several diameters ( 2, 3, and 4 in.) have been flown in order to obtain boundary- layer transition data at very low wall to local stream temperature ratios, and heat- transfer data. All surfaces had a 2-microinch average roughness height. Laminar flow existed over the entire hemispherical nose of the 2- and 3-inch-tip- diameter models throughout the complete flight history. Extreme cooling to wall to local stream temperature ratios at the sonic point as low as 0.20 did not cause transition on the nose for diameters as large as 3 inches. However, extreme cooling did cause early transition on the 4-inch model where it appears probable that transition occurred forward of the 45 station at a wall to local stream temperature ratio of about 0.26. Variations in tip diameter influenced transition downstream of the nose under conditions of extreme cooling. The 2-inch- tip model was laminar at all cone- cylinder stations at temperature ratios as low as 0.32 whereas the 3- and 4-inch-tip models were turbulent at the same local flow conditions but at higher wall to local temperature ratios. Transition on the cone and cylinder of the 3- and 4-inch- tip bodies appeared to be sensitive to local Mach number, and occurred at higher local temperature ratios when values of local Mach number were higher. Increasing the nose diameter from 2 to 3 inches significantly changed the local flow conditions for which laminar flow existed on the cone- cylinder afterbody. However, a further increase in tip size t o a 4-inch diameter had no discernable effect on the local flow conditions at transition. The transition results of the 3- and 4-inch-nose-diameter smooth bodies are similar to those observed on a 7/8-inch-nose-diameter body with roughened surfaces. Turbulent boundary layers resulted in both cases at very low wall to local stream temperature ratios. Both laminar and turbulent heat-transfer data were in good agreement with theoretical Stanton numbers when heat-transfer reduction due to tip blunting was considered.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-3-4-59E , GRC-E-DAA-TN65086
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: The effect of stator and rotor aspect ratio on transonic-turbine performance was experimentally investigated. The stator aspect ratios covered were 1.6. 0.8, and 0.4, while the rotor aspect ratios investigated were 1.46 and 0.73. It was found that the observed variation in turbine design-point efficiency was negligible. Thus, within the range of aspect ratio investigated, these results verify for turbines operating in the transonic flow range the finding of a reference report, which showed analytically that, if blade shape and solidity are held constant, the aspect ratio may be varied over a wide range without appreciable change in turbine efficiency.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-2-11-59E , E-177
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: The suitability of cermets for turbine stator blades of a modified turbojet engine was determined at an average turbine-inlet-gas temperature of 2000 F. Such an increase in temperature would yield a premium in thrust from a service engine. Because the cermet blades require no cooling, all the available compressor bleed air could be used to cool a turbine made from conventional ductile alloys. Cermet blades were first run in 100-hour endurance tests at normal gas temperatures in order to evaluate two methods for mounting them. The elevated gas-temperature test was then run using the method of support considered best for high-temperature operation. After 52 hours at 2000 F, one of the group of four cermet blades fractured probably because of end loads resulting from thermal distortion of the spacer band of the nozzle diaphragm. Improved design of a service engine would preclude this cause of premature failure.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-2-13-59E , E-147
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: An investigation was conducted in a modified turbojet engine to determine the cooling characteristics of the semistrut corrugated air- cooled turbine blade and to compare and evaluate a leading-edge tip cap as a means for improving the leading-edge cooling characteristics of cooled turbine blades. Temperature data were obtained from uncapped air-cooled blades (blade A), cooled blades with the leading-edge tip area capped (blade B), and blades with slanted corrugations in addition to leading-edge tip caps (blade C). All data are for rated engine speed and turbine-inlet temperature (1660 F). A comparison of temperature data from blades A and B showed a leading-edge temperature reduction of about 130 F that could be attributed to the use of tip caps. Even better leading-edge cooling was obtained with blade C. Blade C also operated with the smallest chordwise temperature gradients of the blades tested, but tip-capped blade B operated with the lowest average chordwise temperature. According to a correlation of the experimental data, all three blade types 0 could operate satisfactorily with a turbine-inlet temperature of 2000 F and a coolant flow of 3 percent of engine mass flow or less, with an average chordwise temperature limit of 1400 F. Within the range of coolant flows investigated, however, only blade C could maintain a leading-edge temperature of 1400 F for a turbine-inlet temperature of 2000 F.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-2-9-59E
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: The design and experimental investigation of a 4.5-inch-mean-diameter two-stage turbine are presented herein and used to study the effect of size on the efficiency of turbines in the auxiliary power drive class. The results of the experimental investigation indicated that design specific work was obtained at design speed at a total-to-static efficiency of 0.639. At design pressure ratio, design static-pressure distribution through the turbine was obtained with an equivalent specific work output of 33.2 Btu per pound and an efficiency of 0.656. It was found that, in the design of turbines in the auxiliary power drive class, Reynolds number plays an important part in the selection of the design efficiency. Comparison with theoretical efficiencies based on a loss coefficient and velocity diagrams are presented. Close agreement was obtained between theory and experiment when the loss coefficient was adjusted for changes in Reynolds number to the -1/5 power.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-4-6-59E
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The performance of turbine-engine combustors usually is given in terms of operating limits and combustion efficiency. The latter property is determined most often by measuring the increase in enthalpy across the combustor through the use of thermocouples. This investigation was conducted to determine the ability of gas-analytical techniques to provide additional information about combustor performance. Gas samples were taken at the outlet and two upstream stations and their compositions determined. In addition to over-all combustion efficiency, estimates of local fuel-air ratios, local combustion efficiencies, and heat-release rates can be made. Conclusions can be drawn concerning the causes of combustion inefficiency and may permit corrective design changes to be made more intelligently. The purpose of this investigation was not to present data for a given combustor but rather to show the types and value of additional information that can be gained from gas-analytical data.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-1-26-59E , E-245
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: An investigation was conducted to determine the flameholding capabilities of aerodynamic jets at afterburner operating conditions. Stability data for a number of aerodynamic flameholders were obtained in a 5- by 5-inch test section at inlet-air reference velocities up to 600 feet per second, an inlet-air temperature of 1250 F, and a combustor-inlet pressure of 15 inches of mercury absolute. Combustion efficiency and stability data of the more promising combinations were then obtained in a 10- by 12-inch test section at the same test conditions. Both air and stoichiometric mixtures of fuel and air were used in the jets; mixture flow rates were approximately 1 percent by weight of the total air-flow rate. Injection pressures were limited to values that might be available from compressor-bleed air. At a reference velocity of 600 feet per second, aerodynamic flame-holders alone were unable to maintain a stable flame at injection pressures up to 70 pounds per square inches large reductions in velocity were required to achieve flame stabilization. When the aerodynamic jets were used in combination with a V-gutter flameholder with approximately a 30 percent blocked area, flame stabilization was attained at a velocity of 600 feet per second; however, the combustion efficiencies of the various combinations were no greater than that obtained with the V-gutter alone.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-4-9-59E
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Incompressible-flow calculations were performed to determine the effects of combustor geometric and operating variables on pressure loss and airflow distribution in a tubular combustor with a tapered liner. The calculations include the effects of momentum transfer between annulus and liner gas streams, annulus wall friction, heat release, and discharge coefficients of liner air-entry holes. Generalized curves are presented which show the effects of liner-wall inclination, liner open hole area, and temperature rise across the combustor on pressure loss and airflow distribution for a representative parabolic liner hole distribution. A comparison of the experimental data from 12 tapered liners with the theoretical calculations indicates that reasonable design estimates can be made from the generalized curves. The calculated pressure losses of the tapered liners are compared with those previously reported for tubular liners.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-11-26-58E , E-126
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: A comparison of the performance of a single-stage rotor run at three different blade setting angles is presented. The rotor was of a design typical for a last stage of a multistage compressor. At each setting angle, the rotor blade row was operated from 53 to 100 percent of equivalent maximum speed (850 ft/sec tip speed) at constant inlet pressure. Hot-wire anemometry was used to observe rotating-stall and surge patterns in time unsteady flow. Results indicated that an increase in peak pressure ratio and an increase in maximum equivalent weight flow were obtained at each speed investigated when the blade setting angle was decreased. An increase in peak efficiency was achieved with decrease in blade setting angle for part of the range of speeds investigated. However, the peak efficiencies for the three blade setting angles were approximately the same at the maximum speed investigated. The flow ranges for all three configurations were about the same at minimum speed and decreased at almost the same rate when the rotative speed was increased through part of the range of speeds investigated. At maximum speed, the flow range for the smallest setting angle was considerably less than the flow range for the other two configurations. A decrease in efficiency and flow range for the smallest blade setting angle at maximum speed can be attributed primarily to a Mach number effect. In addition, because of the difference in projected axial chord lengths at the casing wall, some effect on performance could be expected from the change in three-dimensional flow occurring at the tip. Rotating-stall characteristics for the two smaller blade setting angles were essentially the same. Only surge could be detected for the largest blade setting angle in the unstable-flow region of operation.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-11-27-58E , E-117
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: High-altitude turbojet performance is adversely affected by the effects of low air density. This performance loss is evaluated as a Reynolds number effect, which represents the increased significance of high fluid viscous forces in relation to dynamic fluid forces as the Reynolds number is decreased. An analytical and experimental investigation of the effects of low Reynolds number operation on a single-stage, high-work-output turbine with a downstream stator was carried out at Reynolds numbers of 182,500, 39,600, and 23,000, based on average rotor-design flow conditions. At low Reynolds numbers and turbulent flow conditions, increased viscous losses caused decreased effective flow area, and thus decreased weight flow, torque, and over-all efficiency at a given equivalent speed and pressure ratio. Decreasing the Reynolds number from 182,500 to 23,000 at design equivalent speed resulted in a 5.00-point loss in peak over-all turbine efficiency for both theory and experiment. The choking equivalent weight flow decreased 2.30 percent for these conditions. Limiting loading work output was reached at design equivalent speed for all three Reynolds numbers. The value of limiting loading work output at design speed decreased 4.00 percent as Reynolds number was decreased from 182,500 to 23,000. A theoretical performance-prediction method using basic boundary-layer relations gave good agreement with experimental results over most of the performance range at a given Reynolds number if the experimental and analytical design operating conditions were carefully matched at the highest Reynolds number with regard to design performance parameters. High viscous losses in the inlet stator and rotor prevented the attainment of design equivalent work output at the lowest Reynolds number of 23,000.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-TM-X-9
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Five engine tests were conducted to definitely establish the failure mechanism of leading-edge cracking and to determine which conditions of engine operation cause the failures. Five groups of S-616 and M-252 buckets from master lots were run consecutively in the same J47-25 engine. The tests included a steady-state run at full-power conditions, rapid cycling between idle and rated speed, and three different start-stop tests. The first start-stop test consisted of cycles of start and stop with 5 minutes of idle speed before each stop; the second included cycles of start and stop but with 15 minutes of rated speed before each stop; the third consisted of cycles of gradual starts and normal stops with 5 minutes at idle speed before each stop. The test results demonstrated that the primary cause of leading-edge cracking was thermal fatigue produced by repeated engine starts. The leading edge of the bucket experiences plastic flow in compression during starts and consequently is subjected to a tensile stress when the remainder of the bucket becomes heated and expands. Crack initiation was accelerated when rated-speed operation was added to each normal start-stop cycle. This acceleration of crack formation was attributed to localized creep damage and perhaps to embrittlement resulting from overaging. It was demonstrated that leading-edge cracking can be prevented simply by starting the engine gradually.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-MEMO-4-7-59E , E-281
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: In order to determine the effect of a low design diffusion factor on the performance of a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor, a high-specific-flow rotor with a 0.35 hub-tip radius ratio was designed, fabricated and tested. This rotor used a design tip diffusion factor of 0.20 with a design corrected specific weight flow of 40 pounds per second per square foot of frontal area, a total-pressure ratio of 1.27, and an adiabatic efficiency of 0.96. The design, rotor performance, and blade element performance are presented with a discussion on rotor shock losses and a comparison with a similarly designed rotor with a tip diffusion factor of 0.35. At the design corrected tip speed of 1100 feet per second, a peak rotor adiabatic efficiency of 0.88 was attained at a corrected specific weight flow of 39 pounds per second per square foot of frontal area with a mass-averaged total-pressure ratio of 1.27. The blade element tip diffusion factor was 0.281, which is 0.08 higher than the design value of 0.20. Peak efficiencies of 0.95, 0.91, 0.89, and 0.85 were obtained at 70, 80, 90, and 110 percent of design speed, respectively. Comparison of the performance of the rotor reported herein and a similarly designed rotor with increased blade loading indicates that higher blade loading results in a more desirable rotor because of a higher pressure ratio and equivalent efficiency. Computed values of shock losses at the rotor tip section indicate that the losses at peak efficiency are primarily a function of shock losses since the profile losses are only a small percentage of the total loss.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-TM-X-86
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: High Temperature Corrosion in Petrol Refining by Sulfur CompoundsAt temperatures above 260°C only stainless, highly alloyed steels resist the attack of the most corrosive agent in petrol refining which is hydrogen sulfide. For high temperature corrosion by hydrogen sulfide, the influences of the duration of wear, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide, the pressure, the properties of the refined petrol and the quality of the steel are of essential importance besides of the effects of temperature. The author reports on last years investigations in BP-research station on the corrosion of stainless steels by hydrogen sulfide at high temperatures. The corrosion of the surface, the inter-crystalline corrosion and the stress corrosion of steels are discussed in detail.
    Notes: Dem Angriff des wesentlichsten korrosiven Agens in Erdölraffinerien, dem Schwefelwasserstoff, bei hohen Temperaturen (über 260°C) widerstehen praktisch ausschließlich rostfreie, hochlegierte Stähle. Bei der Hochtemperatur-Korrosion durch Schwefelwasserstoff sind neben der Temperatur auch Beanspruchungsdauer, Schwefelwasserstoff konzentration, Druck, Beschaffenheit des zu raffinierenden Öles und die Stahlqualität von Einfluß. Verfasser berichtet über die in den letzten Jahren in der BP-Research Station durchgeführten Untersuchungen über die Korrosion von rostfreien Stählen durch Schwefelwasserstoff bei hohen Temperaturen, wobei allgemeine Oberflächen-korrosion, interkristalline Korrosion und Spannungskorrosion der Stähle eingebend behandelt werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Latest Developments in Antirust PaintingFor constructions made of steel a durable protection against rust can only be achieved if all factors conditioning the corrosive effects, especially the environmental influences like rain, dew, the dew point, temperature and agressiveness of the atmosphere, are considered. Their effects on the problem of priming and preliminary treatments of the surface (removal of scale and rust), on the efficiency of rust removers as well as on the protective value of wash primers are discussed. This is followed by information on the composition of protective paints, pigments and binders for priming and the composition of top coats; the specific aptitude of pigments, fillers and binders as well as on protective top paints.
    Notes: Ein dauerhafter Rostschutz von Stahlbauwerken setzt die Kenntnis aller sich auswirkenden Faktoren, insbesondere der Umwelteinflüsse wie Regeneinwirkung, Taubildung, Taupunkt, Temperatur und Aggressivität der Atmosphäre voraus. Ihre Auswirkung auf die Frage der Werksgrundierung, insbesondere der Untergrundvorbereitung (Entzunderung, Entrostung, Eignung) von Rostumwandlern und Schutzwert von Wash-Primern wird besprochen. Es folgen grundsätzliche Angaben über den Aufbau der Schutzanstrichmittel, Pigmente und Bindemittel für Grundierungen, über verschiedenartige Grundanstriche, über die Zusammensetzung der Deckanstriche, der spezifischen Eignung der Pigmente, Füllstoffe und Bindemittel, und über Rostschutz-Deckfarben.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Electro-Deposition of Titanium from Aqueous Solutions of Potassium-Titanium-FluorideAs discerned from current density-voltage curves titanium can be deposited from aqueous solutions of potassium titanium fluoride. The deposition of the metal takes place by the formation of TiO++ ions and their reduction by nascent hydrogen. The cathode must consist of metals with high overvoltage. On aluminium cathodes deposition of titanium and passivation by aluminium and titanium hydroxides take place simultaneously.The effects are in agreement with the law of the formation of surface covers by Müller Machu. The current yields are very low. Though they would not exceed 30 pct. the current yields of this method are higher than ever before when other titaniums salts are used.On zinc cathodes there is no passivation. So the percentage of the metallic titanium in the deposition is higher than on aluminum cathodes. Micro-photographs demonstrate the influences of additives like gelatin, thiourea etc. which suppress the formation of hydroxides and oxides in the deposition. The formation thick deposits of titanium which are free from oxides is still meeting difficulties.
    Notes: Titan läßt sich, wie anhand von Strom-Spannungskurven gezeigt wird, aus dem Kaliumtitanfluorid in wäßriger Lösung abscheiden. Dabei erfolgt die Metallabscheidung auf dem Umweg über die Bildung von Ti2+-Ionen und durch Reduktion durch naszierenden Wasserstoff. Als Kathodenmaterial sind nur Metalle mit hoher Überspannung geeignet. An Aluminiumkathoden erfolgt während der Titanabscheidung auch eine Passivierung durch Aluminium- und Titanhydroxyd, wobei das Flächenbedeckungsgesetz von Müller-Machu erfüllt ist. Die Stromausbeuten sind nur gering, sie übersteigen 30% nicht, sind aber weit größer als dies mit anderen Titansalzlösungen bisher möglich war.An Zinkkathoden fehlt die Passivierung, daher ist der Anteil an metallischem Titan im Niederschlag größer als an Aluminium. Anhand von Mikrophotos wird der Einfluß von Zusätzen wie Gelatine, Thiobarnstoff u. dergl. aufgezeigt, welche die Bildung von Hydroxyd und Oxyd im Niederschlag unterdrücken. Die Herstellung dickerer Titanniederschläge, frei von Oxyden, bereitet noch Schwierigkeiten.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 64-64 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 66-70 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Practical Experiences in the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc PaintsGeneral survey of zinc paints.Conditions of technical application.Preliminary treatment of iron surfaces.Comparison of the test results of various dust paints by different testing methods.Report on experiences with zinc dust paints in steel construction building, open air constructions and in steel sheet working industries.
    Notes: Allgemeines über Zinkanstrichmittel; Verarbeitungstechnische Erfordernisse; Vorbehandlung der Eisenoberfläche.Vergleichende Gegenüberstellung von Testergebnissen mit unterschiedlichen Zinkstaubfarben nach verschiedenen Testverfahren.Praktische Erfahrungen mit Zinkstaubfarben im allgemeinen Stahlhochbau, bei Freiluftkonstruktionen und in der Stahlblech-verarbeitenden Industrie.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 202-206 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. V 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cast Iron for Chemical Plant ConstructionInfluencing the Structures of alloys methodically and applying suitable alloying metals, cast iron metallurgy has achieved remarkable success in the production of high quality cast iron materials.Cast iron has always occupied a special place as a structural materials in the construction of chemical industries equipment. This results from its specials characteristics like good mechanical properties, good workability, low wear, easy casting and its good resistance to corrosion and heat which are of big importance for the chemical industries.Except of non-alloyed and low alloy grey cast iron, a large number of highly alloyed cast iron are available. Their properties - particularly alkali and acid resistance - are discussed in detail.Spherical graphite cast iron opens new fields of application, e.g for high pressure constructions. Enamelled cast iron is suitable for special purposes in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries.Examples of characteristics cast iron devices show a small section of the manifold uses to which this materials can be applied in chemical plant construction.
    Notes: Die neuere Entwicklung der Gußeisenmetallurgie hat durch zielbewußte Beeinflussung des Gefügeaufbaus der Legierungen und durch Anwendung geeigneter Legierungselemente beachtliche Erfolge in der Herstellung hochwertiger Gußeisenwerkstoffe für die verschiedensten Verwendungszwecke erzielt.Gußeisen hat seit jeher eine Sonderstellung als Werkstoff im Apparatebau der chemischen Industrie. Sie ist gegeben durch eine Reihe charakteristischer Gebrauchseigenschaften, zu denen neben seinen mechanischen Gütewerten, seiner guten Bearbeitbarkeit, den hervorragenden Verschleißeigenschaften und seiner leichten Vergießbarkeit die für den chemischen Betrieb wichtige Korrosions- und Hitzebeständigkeit zählen.Neben dem unlegierten und niedriglegierten Grauguß ist eine große Zahl höher legierter Gußeisenwerkstoffe bekannt, deren Eigenschaflen, insbesondere Alkali- bzw. Säurebeständigkeit, im einzelnen aufgezeigt werden.Das Kugelgraphit-Gußeisen eröffnet neue Anwendungsgebiete, z. B. für Apparaturen, die bei höheren Drucken eingesetzt werden. Emaillierter Grauguß eignet sich für besondere Zwecke der chemischen, pharmazeutischen und Nahrungsmittelindustrie.Beispiele charakteristischer Apparateteile geben einen kleinen Ausschnitt aus dem vielseitigen Programm des Werkstoffs Gußeisen für den chemischen Apparatebau.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: With the aid of a voltage diagram, definite ranges of potential differences can be determined each of them characterising special corrosion conditions for this metal. Above the minimum corrosion potential, titanium can be rendered chemically inactive by coating with a layer of titanium-hydride (hydride-passive condition). This condition is reached normally in the presence of strong cathodic polarisation only. Exceeding a critical potential difference, the metal becomes chemically active. Corrosion and hydrogen generation take place (normal corrosion in non-oxidising acids). Exceeding the critical P.D for passivity the metal is covered with an oxide layer which again renders it inactive, (oxide-passive condition). This is the condition responsible for the excellent corrosion-resisting properties of titanium in oxidising media. With relatively high potential differences which occur only by anodic polarisation and not in oxidising media, activation is again encountered in halogenide solutions(trans-passive condition). Titanium is attacked in the forms of scars. In solutions free from halides there is no corrosion at strong anodic polarisations. The different corrosion conditions on titanium in various ranges of P.D. are explained by characteristic examples.
    Notes: Es lassen sich für Titan verschiedene Potentialbereiche an Hand eines Strom-Spannungsdiagramms festlegen, innerhalb derer ein für das Metall jeweils charakteristisches Korrosionsverhalten besteht. Oberhalb des Immunitätspotentials wird Titan durch Bedeckung mit einer Titanhydridschicht passiv (hydrid passiver Zustand). Der hydridpassive Zustand wird normalerweise nur bei starker kathodischer Polarisation erreicht. Bei Überschreiten eines kritischen Potentials wird das Metall aktiv. Es tritt Korrosion unter Wasserstoffentwicklung ein (normale Korrosion in nichtoxydierenden Säuren). Bei Überschreiten des kritischen Passivierungspotentials wird das Metall von einer Oxydschicht bedeckt und dadurch erneut passiv (oxydpassiver Zustand). Der oxydpassive Zustand ist für die ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Titans gegenüber oxydierenden Medien verantwortlich. Bei relativ hohen Potentialen, die nur durch anodische Polarisation, nicht hingegen durch Oxydationsmittel erreicht werden, tritt in halogenidhaltigen Lösungen erneut Aktivierung ein (transpassiver Zustand). Titan wird narbenförmig angegriffen. In halogenidfreien Lösungen dagegen tritt bei starker anodischer Polarisation keine Korrosion ein. An Hand einer Reihe von charakteristischen Beispielen wird das unterschiedliche Korrosionsverhalten des Titans in den verschiedenen Potentialbereichen erklärt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 274-274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 197-202 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 206-210 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 266-268 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 274-274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 280-280 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 383-385 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Questions of the Kinetics of the Dissolution of MetalsIn the dissolving of metals different processes are of importance, according to the concentration of the acid or alkaly employed. Within the concentration range of up to 0,1 N, the rate of dissolution depends on the rate of diffusion of the hydrogen ions towards the metal surface; with concentrations higher than 0,5 N, the rate of discharge of the hydrogen ions determines the rate of dissolution; in the range of 0,1to 0,5 N, both the processes are of importance. Activation energy values for several metals and solutions were determined for all there range of concentration.
    Notes: Bei der Auflösung von Metallen sind je nach der Konzentration der verwendeten Säure oder Base verschiedenartige Vorgänge maßgebend, Im Konzentrationsbereich bis 0,1 n ist die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit von der Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit der Wasserstoffionen zur Metalloberfläche abhängig; bei höheren Konzentrationen als 0,5 n ist die Schnelligkeit der Entladung der Wasserstoffionen für die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit verantwortlich; im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,5 n machen sich beide Vorgänge geltend. Es wurden die Werte der Aktivierungsenergien für einige Metalle und Lösungen für alle drei Auflösungsarten ermittelt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 339-342 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 342-342 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 353-355 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 376-377 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Cathodic or electrochemical rust protection?The rust-promoting local electric currents can be prevented both by means of anodic metal coatings and by electrochemical techniques Zn and Al coatings are, according to the RoST rules, premissable only conditionally, for an equal, if not better, protective effect is often obtained by means of regular painting with suitable media. The electrochemical effect of lead on the metallic base leads to the formation of insulating, and therefore rustpreventing, layers of coating. The weather resistance of white-lead-based paints is due only to the formation of, lead soaps in fatty acid containing media, and not to any electrochemical processes. The effect of Zn and Mg anodes is reinforced by additional paint coatings.
    Notes: Die rostfördernden „Lokalströme“ können sowohl durch anodische Metall-überzüge als auch durch elektrochemische Maßnahmen unterbunden werden.  -  Zn- und Al-überzüge sind den RoSt-Vorschriften zufolge nur bedingungsweise zugelassen, denn durch Regel-Anstriche in geeigneten Bindemitteln wird oftmals eine gleich gute, wenn nicht bessere Schutzwirkung erzielt.  -  Die elektrochemische Einwirkung der Bleimenge auf den metallischen Untergrund führt zur Bildung isolierender und daher rosthemmender Deckschichten.  -  Die Wetterbeständigkeit der Bleiweiß-Anstriche ist lediglich auf die Bildung von „Bleiseifen“ in fettsäurehaltigen Bindemitteln, nicht aber auf irgendwelche elektrochemischen Vorgänge zurückzuführen.  -  Die Wirkung der Zn- und Mg-Anoden wird durch zusätzliche Anstriche verstärkt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 363-372 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Documentation in the territory of corrosionConsidering the increasing amount of corrosion literature, the problems of documentation in this territory become more and more important and urgent. Besides of gathering and interpreting the literature on corrosion, its classification into a certain system is necessary. This system must be clear, well-defined, comprehensive and as logical only to find data quickly, completely and sure.Classification systems have been suggested by the National association of corrosion engineers(NACE)American society for metals(ASM)Special library association (SLA)Internationales institut fü Dokumentation (DK)Using the four systems mentioned above a classification system was developed which would suit the requirements of corrosion technics.The principles of the classification system of the Bundesanstalt fü Materialprüfung(BAM) are explained. Some examples demonstrate its possibilities of application in practise. This system of numbers is expected to facilitate international cooperation in this territory.
    Notes: Bei dem steigenden Umfang der Korrosionsliteratur werden auch auf diesem Gebiete die Dokumentationsprobleme immer wichtiger und dringender. Neben dem Erfassen und Auswerten des Schriftums über Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz ist seine Einordnung in ein bestimmtes System erforderlich. Dieses Ordnungssystem muß klar, eindeutig, umfassend und möglichst logisch aufgegliedert sein. Nur so ist es möglich, gewünschte Angaben schnell, vollständig und sicher wiederzufinden.Ordnungssysteme wurden bereits aufgestellt von: National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)American Society for Metals (ASM)Special Library Association (SLA)Internationales Institut für Dokumentation (DK).Unter Verwertung der vorstehend genannten Systeme wurde eine Gliederung entwickelt, die speziell auf das Korrosionsgebiet abgestimmt ist.Die Prinzipien, nach denen das Ordnungssystem der Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM) aufgebaut ist, werden erläutert und an einigen Beispielen seine Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Praxis gezeigt. Durch das entwickelte Zahlensystem soll die internationale Verständigung auf diesem Gebiete erleichtert werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 450-453 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 458-460 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 463-464 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 469-469 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 393-397 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 470-470 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 425-429 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Application of the polarization curve for examining the localized corrosion of stainless steelsIt is shown how it is possible, on the base of anodic and cathodic polarization curve, to judge the danger of pitting in large apparatus for each attacking agent and accordingly to take suitable measures.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, wie es möglich ist, auf Grund anodischer und kathodischer Polarisationskurven die Gefahr der Entstehung von Lochfraß in Großapparaten für jedes angreifende Mittel zu beurteilen und danach zweckentsprechende Vorkehrungen zu treffen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 499-501 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation on the Stress-Layer of 18/8 Steel by means of Electron-DiffractionThe ferritic stress layer of 18/8 steel was investigated crystallographically as well as magnetically by means of electron diffraction. Furthermore its thickness was estimated magnetically.This method represents a convenient completion of 18/8 steels quality tests.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde die ferritische “Spannungsschicht” von 18/8-Stahl mit Hilfe von Elektronenbeugung sowohl kristallographisch als auch magnetisch, außerdem wurde ihre Dicke magnetisch abgeschätzt. Das neue Verfahren ergänzt die Güteprüfung von 18/8-Stahl in wertvollem Sinne.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 524-524 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 461-462 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 464-467 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 470-470 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 639-641 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 525-527 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 536-537 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 539-540 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 541-544 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Special Aspects of the Corrosion in Refining Plants by Crude OilIn the USA the annual damage of refinery equipment caused by corrosion amounts to 14-18 pct. per barrel crude oil charge. The total damage is estimated to be about $ 400,000,000. A carefully planned maintenance program will be indispensable if reduction of these costs is to be achieved.In 1953-54 American Petroleum Institute investigated the problem of how to determine the pure costs of corrosion damages. The conclusions approved by the majority of the American Petroleum industry consist of four items which are discussed by the author.There is a special treatment on the corrosive effects of crude oil which occur on account of the progress of refining technics especially in the first as well as in laters steps of the process. Chlorides which are hydrolized to hydrochloric acid, acids, water and sulfar which is forming hydrogen sulfade and sulfur dioxide are the chief corrosive agents in the crude oil. An accelerated test of the crude oil before putting in is necessary to enable the corrosion to be estimated. Two methods, the suitable neutralisation agents and the inhibitors are discussed in detail.
    Notes: Die jährlichen Unkosten für Korrosionsschäden in Erdöl-Raffinierungsanlagen in (den Vereinigten Staaten) betragen etwa 14 bis 18% per barrel der rohen Charge und dürften für die gesamte Industrie rd. 400 Millionen Dollar ausmachen. Zur Herabsetzung dieser Unkosten ist ein sorgfältig geplantes Instandhaltungsprogramm für das ganze Jahr unerläßlich.Die Frage, welche Posten als direkte Korrosionsunkosten zu betrachten sind, ist 1953/54 vom American Petroleum Institute eingehend untersucht worden. Die vom größten Teil der amerikanischen Erdölindustrie gebilligten Schlußfolgerungen hierüber umfassen 4 Hauptpunkte, die vom Verfasser diskutiert werden.Insbesondere werden die korrodierenden Wirkungen des Rohöls besprochen, die sich infolge der technischen Fortschritte der letzten Jahre in der Verfahrenstechnik vor allem bei den ersten Stufen des Verarbeitungsganges, aber auch später, bemerkbar machen. Chloride, die im Verlauf der Verarbeitung zu Säuren hydrolysiert werden, Säuren, Wasser und Schwefel, der zu H2S und SO2 umgewandelt wird, sind in der Hauptsache die korrodierenden Bestandteile des Rohöls. Eine Schnelluntersuchung des Rohöls vor der Speisung in die Destillation ist erwünscht, um die zu erwartende Korrosion im voraus abschätzen zu können. Zwei Methoden werden besprochen und die zu verwendenden Neutralisationsmittel und Inhibitoren aufgezählt und kritisch betrachtet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 761-767 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: A theory on the complementing process in phosphating baths(Formation rate of secondary cover layers on metals)Secondary cover layers are deposited on metals from saturated solutions if the equilibrium of the solution is disturbed by corrosion on the metal surface. The rate of corrosion and the rate at which the layer is formed are compared, using the phosphate treatment of iron as an example. With this process, the quotient of the HṠ consumed and the iron dissolved is governed by the stoichiometry of the oxidation reaction concerned. The quotients of the HṠ consumed and the quantity of the zinc phosphate deposit can be calculated if all reactions are diffusion controlled. It is thus assumed that the crystal nuclei are formed rapidly, and that equilibria between zinc and phosphoric acid in the solution remain adjusted upto the metal surface. This theory is confirmed experimentally. It serves to indicate and to determine the composition of complementry solution by means of which the baths can be kept stable.
    Notes: Sekundäre Deckschichten scheiden sich aus gesättigten Lösungen auf Metallen ab, wenn an der Metalloberfläche das Lösungsgleichgewicht durch Korrosion gestört wird. Die Geschwindigkeiten von Korrosion und Abscheidung werden am Beispiel der Phosphatierung von Eisen verglichen. Dabei ist der Quotient aus verbrauchtem H und gelöstem Eisen durch die Stöchiometrie der jeweiligen Oxydationsreaktion bedingt. Der Quotient aus verbrauchten H und Menge des Zinkphosphatniederschlags ist zu berechnen, wenn alle Reaktionen transportbestimmt sind. Es wird also angenommen, daß die Gleichgewichte zwischen Zink und Phosphorsäure in der Lösung bis hin zur Metalloberfläche eingestellt bleiben. Die Theorie wird experimentell bestätigt. Sie dient dazu, um Bäder mit optimalen Eigenschaften anzugeben. Ferner erlaubt sie, die Zusammensetzung von Ergänzungslösungen zu berechnen, mit denen die Bäder stationär gehalten werden können.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 602-604 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 604-604 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 631-638 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 651-652 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 662-663 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 789-797 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. XXIX 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 739-760 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the causes and progress of aggression due to the attack of corrosive waters on cement mortar and concrete(First Communication)This First Communication presents a comparative synopsis of present knowledge and experience of the causes and progress of aggression, with special regard to recent developments, during the attack of corrosive waters on cement mortar and concrete, in as much as these are relevant to the causal relationship between cause and effect and to the processes during concrete corrosion in the mortar bed. This communication also deals with the different measures to enhance the corrosion resistence in concrete practice, and the influence of these measures on the concrete properties.
    Notes: In der 1. Mitteilung werden die bisherigen Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen über die Ursachen und den Verlauf der Aggression unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neuerer Entwicklungen bei Einwirkung angreifender Wässer auf Zementmörtel und Beton, soweit diese im Hinblick auf den kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Ursache und Wirkung und die Vorgänge bei der Betonaggression im Mörtelbett wesentlich sind, vergleichend zusammengefaßt und die verschiedenen Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Aggressionsbeständigkeit in der Betonpraxis und deren Einfluß auf die Betoneigenschaften behandelt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 784-786 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 721-727 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 29-37 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 65-65 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 26-29 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Protective Colloids upon the Corrosion of BrassSome investigations showed that the corrosion of brass by acid plant substances is much lower than that caused by the corresponding vegetable acids of the same pH-value. The reason is obviously the presence of colloids in the plant matter. The article presents the results of investigations on the effects of protective colloids like pulvis acacia, e.g. albumin, agar, dextrine and potato starch upon the corrosion of brass in citric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The data are represented in chart form. The protective effects of the various colloids differ very much according to the combination of colloid and acid. While an essential decrease of corrosion took place in citric acid solutions which is explained by an adsorption of colloid on the metal surface and the formation of a protective cover, the rate of corrosion was increased if hydrochloric acid was used even at constant concentration of colloids. Here dezincification took place which means that the more basic metal suffered a more intensive corrosive attack. The authors believe that protection in hydrochloric solutions could be achieved if a higher concentration of the colloid were used.
    Notes: Bei Forschungsarbeiten war gefunden worden, daß die Korrosion von Messing durch säuernde pflanzliche Substanzen geringer war als die durch die entsprechenden Fruchtsäuren mit gleichem pH verursachte Korrosion. Der Grund der Herabsetzung war offenbar der Kolloidgehalt der Pflanzen und in der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Resultate von Untersuchungen über die Einwirkung derartiger Schutzkolloide wie Pulvis Acacia, Ei-Albumin, Agar, Dextrin und Kartoffelstärke auf die Korrosion von Messing in Zitronensäure, Salzsäure und Schwefelsäure vorgelegt. Das Material wurde in Tabellen zusammengestellt. Es zeigte sich, daß die Schutzwirkung der verschiedenen Kolloide sehr unterschiedlich war, sowohl in Bezug auf die Kolloide selbst als auch auf die angewandten Säuren. Während sich bei Zitronensäure deutliche Schutzwirkung durch Herabsetzung der Korrosion einstellte, die durch Adsorption des Kolloids an das Metall und Bildung eines Schutzfilms erklärt wird, wurde bei Salzsäure die Korrosion erhöht, wenn die gleichen Kolloidkonzentrationen angewendet wurden und es trat “Entzinkung” ein, d. h., das basische Metal wurde stärker angegriffen. Die Verfasser sind der Meinung, daß bei Verwendung höherer Kolloidkonzentrationen auch bei Salzsäure Schutzwirkung eintreten würde.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 43-48 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 57-57 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 62-64 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. I 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 41-42 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 152-158 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Fissile and Construction Metals in Atomic ReactorsWithout any undervaluation of previously achieved success, the beginning of the world wide commercializing of nuclear technics may be considered as to coincide with the first Geneva conference. Considering the first conference as a initial balance sheet of nuclear fission, the second conference would have been that of nuclear fusion. Using the same metaphor, all the following international meetings on those items will be interim balances demonstrating to which extent the ideas of 1955 and 1958 will have been realised and applied to the modern supply of energy without fossile fuels.Both the Geneva conferences showed the decisive importance of metallurgy for the future development of nuclear technics. It has to deal with the problem how to construct dependable and competitive devices within the range of our technical possibilities which comply with the requirements of theoretical physics.This and the following papers contain treatments on the materials under key words or headlines as follow: Summary of the materials used in atomic reactors, absorption of neutrons as a material constant, the geology of uranium and thorium, the chemistry and metallurgy of reactor materials and industrial isotope technics.
    Notes: Ohne die vorher erreichten Erfolge gering einschätzen zu wollen, fällt der eigentliche Beginn einer weltweiten Kommerzialisierung des Atoms mit der 1. Genfer Atomkonferenz zusammen. Wurde 1955 eine Art Eröffnungsbilanz' der Kernspaltung gegeben, hatte die 2. Konferenz des Jahres 1958 alle Merkmale einer Eröffnungsbilanz der Kernverschmelzung. Alle weiteren internationalen Veranstaltungen zum Thema Atom werden dann  -  um im Bilde zu bleiben  -  jeweils als Zwischenbilanzen demonstrieren, was von den 1955 und 1958 gesteckten Zielen im weltweiten Rahmen realisiert und in eine neue Energieversorgung ohne fossile Brennstoffe eingebaut werden konnte.Auf beiden Genfer Konferenzen trat die entscheidende Bedeutung der Metallurgie für die zukünftige nukleare Weiterentwicklung offen zutage. Ihr ist die Aufgabe gestellt, die von der theoretischen Physik oft weit vorausgesteckten Ziele auf dem Boden technischer Realitäten in betriebssichere und wettbewerbsfähige Konstruktionen umzuwandeln.In der vorliegenden und den folgenden Abhandlungen werden die werkstofflichen Perspektiven, soweit sie in Genf erkennbar waren, zur Darstellung kommen, und zwar unter folgenden Stichworten, die gleichzeitig Abschnittsüberschritte sind: Werkstoffbilanz der Atomreaktoren, Neutronenabsorption als Materialkonstante, Geologie des Urans und Thoriums, Chemie und Metallurgie der Reaktorwerkstoffe, industrielle Isotopentechnik.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 111-115 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 144-144 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 145-148 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Effect of Photosynthesis on the Corrosion of Steel in SeawaterThe authors were able to show that there is a linear relationship between the corrosion of steel in seawater and the oxygenenrichment of the water due to photosynthesis. The same proportionality exists between the rate of corrosion and the amount of artificially added oxygen in the water.
    Notes: Die Verfasser haben zeigen können, daß eine lineare Beziehung zwischen der Korrosion von Stabl durch Meerwasser und dem durch Photosynthese in dem Wasser angereicherten Sauerstoff besteht. Die gleiche Proportionalität besteht zwischen der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit und dem Gehalt an künstlich dem Wasser zugeführten Sauerstoff.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 159-167 
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 186-194 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 279-280 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 311-321 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Critique on the Test of Stainless Steel in Boiling Concentrated Nitric AcidA review of the publications, especially American papers, on the test in boiling nitric acid shows that its results do not give any information on the behavior of stainless steel in other chemical agents. A comparison of the qualities, even in the range of one kind of steel, is not reliable as demonstrated by means of different investigations and quotations. Thus, the test is applied to the control of the final heat treatment only. Here, the wearisome nitric acid test is by no means better than other acid tests.An investigation of the structure, e. g. by electrolytic etching in oxalic acid according to the Streicher method, seems to be suitable to give reliable data on the final heat treatment and the sensitivity to intergranular corrosion.You should give up to search for a relation between the results of this test and the dubious losses of weight in nitric acid. A qualitative or halfquantitative valuation of etching structures, deformation lines and inclusions should be sufficient. A determination of the chemical resistance will only be useful if it is carried Out in that agent in which the steel will be applied.
    Notes: Die Kritik der Arbeiten Über die Prüfung in siedender konzentrierter Salpetersäure, insbesondere in der amerikanischen Literatur, läßt erkennen, daß aus dieser Prüfung nicht auf das Verhalten in anderen chemischen Agenzien geschlossen werden kann. Mit verschiedenen Versuchen und Zitaten wird belegt, daß der Gütevergleich an Hand dieser Prüfung auch innerhalb einer Qualität zweifelhaft ist. Die Prüfung wird daher allgemein nur noch zur Beurteilung der Endwärmebehandlung herangezogen, worin sich die langwierige Salpetersäureprüfung gegenüber anderen Säuren keineswegs auszeichnet.Eine Gefügeuntersuchung etwa nach der elektrolytischen Oxalsäure-ätzung nach Streicher erscheint eher in der Lage, eine Endwärmebehandlung und IK-Anfälligkeit sicher zu beurteilen.Man sollte jedoch darauf verzichten, die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfung auf die problematischen Gewichtsverluste in Salpetersäure zu beziehen und sich mit einer qualitativen oder halbquantitativen Beurteilung von Ätzstruktur, Verformungslinien und Einschlüssen zufrieden geben. Eine Beurteilung der chemischen Beständigkeit hat auf jeden Fall nur in dem korrodierenden Agens einen Sinn, in dem der Stahl zum Einsatz kommt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 329-331 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 336-336 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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