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  • Articles  (23,580)
  • 1970-1974  (23,580)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (23,580)
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  • Articles  (23,580)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF SHOOLY LARVAE (DIPTERA) ON GRASS YIELD (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Elimination of shooly larvae increased grass yields daring the September feeding period. Increases were usually less than 10% bat in one case, where growth was abnormally slow, die increase was over 30% and in another, where the larval population was atypically dense, it was almost 60%. The effects of damage were not cumulative daring the feeding period; and at the end of this period insecticidreated plots sometimes gave lower yields than untreated plots. Fertilizer increases had a much greater effect on yield than did control of larvae and, where N was applied at 75 kg/ha (67 lb/ac) in spring, the additional effect of larval control was usually negligible. It is suggested that shoot-fly damage may be more serious in other localities.When turf containing shoot-fly larvae was ploughed, Oscinella spp. re-established themselves more successfully than others in seedling ryegrass bat did not damage the new sward appreciably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01264.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A TEMPERATURE INDICATOR FOR USE DURING OVEN-DRYING OF HERBAGE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The drying of small herbage samples should be as rapid as possible so as to limit respiratory loss and enzymatic interconversions, especially if certain nonstnictnral carbohydrates are to be assayed. An inexpensive thermo-switch is described that indicates the time required to heat a mass of tissue in an oven to a given temperature. The time required to heat green herbage to a temperature (55°C) that will inactivate respiratory enzymes can be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01266.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE GRASS-DRYING ENTERPRISE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A linear programming model of a high-temperature grass-drying enterprise is described. From information about seasonal crop response, area of crop available and management constraints, the model determines the harvesting schedules which give greatest returns, less costs, from the enterprise over the season. This information can be used to examine the effects of long-term strategic decisions or to evaluate economically data on new crops from field experiments. For example, assuming a fixed cost of λ70,000/year for a high-temperature grass-drying installation and what is considered to be reliable input data for 1972, the returns less costs for optimum harvest schedules from different areas or crop varieties are:〈table colsep="0" rowsep="0" frame="topbot" pgwide="1" orient="port"〉〈tgroup cols="5" align="left"〉〈colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" align="center"/〉〈colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" align="center"/〉〈thead valign="bottom"〉〈entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left"〉Corp areaSurplusGrass ac (ha)Lucerne ac (ha)Return, £Less costs £/ac(£/ha)crop ac (ha)〈tbody valign="top"〉800(324)0(0)42,849536(132.3)0(0)1000(405)0(0)60,286603(1489)205(83)600(243)200(81)46,73158.4(1442)0(0)800(324)200(81)65.66165.7(1621)109(44) The model can also provide information con cerning tbe limitations imposed by equipment stage of tbe process and management re straints sucb as limitations on overtime and shut downs for holidays or maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01265.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE YIELD AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF A NEWLY-SOWN RYEGRASS LEY AND OF AN OLD MIXED PASTURE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Newly-sown S24 perennial ryegrass at Hurley and old established ryegrass-dominant mixed pasture at Rothamsted were treated with several pesticides, singly and in combination, over the period 1969–73. Yields were either unaffected or increased by up to 30% in any one year, depending on the treatment, the newly-sown sward giving the more consistent response from year to year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01249.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A COMPARISON OF THE YIELDS OF FORAGE MAIZE GROWN FOR SILAGE IN 1972 AND 1973 AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN DAIRYING (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The DM production from INRA 200, an early maturing hybrid maize grown for silage, was 10±6 and 14 5 t/ha in mid-October 1972 and 1973 (4±2 and 5±8 tons/ac). The plant population in both years was approximately 112,000/ha (45,320/ac). Whole-crop and cob DM percentages were 18±2 and 21±3 for 1972 and 39±9 and 53±0 for 1973, respectively. The cob yields were 49 and 10±4 t/ha (2±0 and 4±1 tons/ac) in 1972 and 1973 and cob in the two years accounted for 46 and 72% of total yield. At harvest the 1973 crop was 4–6 weeks more mature than the 1972 crop. These differences were attributed to the difference in accumulated temperature recorded from May till October, which was 567°C days in 1972 and 817 in 1973. Whole-crop DM content, yield of cob and yield of cob as a percentage of total yield were studied against seasonal temperature accumulation. In the case of DM percentage there was a highly significant linear regression which showed that 627°C days were needed to mature maize to 24% DM content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01247.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LAND RESTORATION WITH PULVERIZED FUEL ASH (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were carried out with different depths of added topsoil, with different methods of cultivation and with different rates of application of fertilizers on an ash disposal site near Newark. Good yields of hay and wheat were obtained and were shown to vary systematically with the treatment of the plots. Good yields of wheat were obtained with a top dressing of 125 kg N/ha even on bare ash but, in contrast with the yields of DM from grass, yields of grain tended to increase with increasing depth of added soil. This pattern appeared to be influenced by the variations in spring rainfall. There appeared to be no adverse effects of uptake of trace elements from the ash.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01252.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POTENTIAL PASTURE PRODUCTION IN THE UPLANDS OF WALES (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The DM and N contribution of S184 white clover in mixed ryegrass/clover swards was recorded at Pant-y-dwr Hill Centre (305 m) for 4 years, 1967–70. By direct comparison with fertilized grass swards it was estimated that the clover N contribution on peaty gley soil averaged 100 kg N/ha per year (89 Ib N/ac) under cutting and 98 kg N/ha (87 ib/ac) under grazing with faecal return. On more fertile acid brown earth the corresponding contributions were 81 and 90 kg N/ha (72 and 80 Ib/ac). Full replacement of clover by N fertilizer would require average annual applications of 268, 229, 156 and 128 kg fertilizer N/ha, respectively (239, 204, 139 and 114 Ib N/ac).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01253.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:EYRE, S. R. (Editor) World vegetation types.SCHMIDT, W.; WETTERAU, H.; BEYRICH, H.; MÜLLER, M.; GOTTSCHLING, E.-M. [Silage production.] Silageherstellung.LAMBRECHTSEN, N. C. What grass is that? A guide to identification of some introduced grasses in New Zealand by vegetative characters.LEIGH, J. H.; NOBLE, J. C. (Editors) Plants for sheep in Australia.THURM, R. [Technology of agricultural production.] Technologie der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion.TAYLOR, S. A.; ASHCROFT, G. L. Physical edaphology. The physics of irrigated and nonirrigated soils.DAVIES, D. B.; EAGLE, D. J.; FINNEY, J. B. Soil management. Ipswich, Suffolk, UK, Farming Press Limited.OLSON, R. A.; ARMY, T. J.; HANWAY, J. J.; KILMER, V. J. (Editors) Fertilizer technology & use.PAPADAKIS, J. Auxins, biochemical plant interaction, growth retardants and dense high yielding crops. Córdoba, Argentina, J. Papadakis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01256.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF A CAPACITANCE METER FOR ESTIMATING HERBAGE PRODUCTION OF OAT CULTIVARS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An electronic pasture-meter was found to be of limited use for the routine estimation of DM production of oat cultivars for the reason that the relationship between the meter reading and DM varied with different cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01241.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01220.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A NOTE ON THE ERROR IN CALCULATING ORGANIC MATTER DIGESTIBILrrY FROM DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01223.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF LEAF NUMBER ON THE SENSITIVITY OF RED CLOVER SEEDLINGS TO PHOTOPERIODIC INDUCTION (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The duration of the juvenile phase in early-flowering (Dorset Marl) and late-flowering (S123) red clover is described. Neither cultivar responded to inductive conditions at the first leaf stage but Dorset Marl attained maximum sensitivity by the 3-leaf stage. A comparable response was obtained with S123 only after the production of 12–13 leaves. The growth characteristics of the two types under continuous long or short days are described and possible explanations are advanced for the characteristic differences in tillering and stem internode number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01224.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION ON EMERGENT ANNUAL GRASS SWARDS UNDER SIMULATED GRAZING (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: For three weeks after emergence, micro-swards of Lolium rigidum were defoliated to a height and at a frequency which represented a range of set stocking rates of less than, similar to, and more than 7–8 sheep/ha as based on the results of Greenwood and Arnold (6) and referred to as D1, D2 and D3 respectively. The effects of these defoliation regimes on the growth and development of emergent swards were evaluated according to their effect on increments of DM from plant parts, rate of appearance of leaves and tillers, concentration of soluble carbohydrates, and on the uptake and concentration of inorganic nutrients.Defoliation began five days after emergence, when the dry weight of the shoot was 3g/m2. After 20 days of treatment, 6±7 g/m2 of DM had been removed from D1, 5±5 g/m2 from D2 and 51 g/m2 from D3; and the dry weight of shoot remaining was 13, 7 and 4±5 g/m2 on D1, D2 and D3 respectively. The effect of defoliation on dry weight of plant parts increased in severity in the order leaf 1, stem+sheaths, leaf 2, roots, leaf 3, tiller 1, tiller 2, leaf 4. Average relative growth rate of the sward was reduced from 17% per day on D1 to 13% per day on D3. There was no necrosis of root tissue. Emergence of the later leaves and of the tillers was retarded by up to three days by more frequent defoliation. Alcohol-soluble carbohydrates in the root fell from over 6% to about 1±5% on all treatments. Uptake of N. P and K was limited by increasing intensity of defoliation and because concentrations of those elements were not greatly affected, the limitation could be ascribed mainly to the effects of defoliation on plant size.The plausibility of the technique for the experimental simulation of grazing of emergent annual grass swards in Western Australia is discussed. It is concluded that for set-stocking rates of less than about 12 sheep/ha, grazing, while reducing DM production just after emergence, is unlikely to produce severe physiological stresses in the sward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01226.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STUDIES OF RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER NITROGEN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The uptake of N was measured in 2 successive regrowths harvested on 12 June and 13 Aug. following harvests of primary growths 8, 12, 16, 23, 29, 45 and 57 (12 June) days after applying N at 59, 118 or 177 kg N/ha on 16 Apr.Residual responses were obtained to both increments of N, leading to high apparent recoveries of fertilizer N, especially to the higher increment. This increased availability of soil N when high rates of N are applied is shown to vary with date of harvest of primary growth, reaching a maximum equivalent to 151% apparent fertilizer N recovery 23 days after N application.In the second regrowth, percentage N in the herbage showed a negative response to N applied to the primary growth. This appears to reflect a reduction in available soil N brought about by its increased availability and uptake in primary growth and first regrowth.The possibilities of improving the efficiency of fertilizer N by exploiting soil N are considered against the possible reduction in available N for future regrowths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01230.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A LOW-COST SYSTEM FOR GRAZING SMALL EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A technique using a lead running on a suspended wire, is described which allows small plots, e.g. 0.01 ha (1/40 ac) or less, to he grazed individually at 30% of the cost of conventional fencing. It also offers a means of minimizing the concentration of nutrients in dung on camp areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00747.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF COMPANION GRASSES ON TIMOTHY PRODUCTION IN SWARDS CUT FOR CONSERVATION (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To assess the effect of companion grasses on timothy productivity, swards of timothy sown alone or with one of eight companion grasses were harvested as for silage four times per year for two years. The companion grasses were: diploid perennial ryegrasses S24 and S23; tetraploid perennial ryegrasses Reveille and Taptoe; meadow fescues S215 and S53 and cocksfoots Trifolium and S143. Averaged over the N application rates (226, 339 and 452 kg N/ha per year) the total herhage yields of timothy/companion-grass mixtures were all significantly superior to that from timothy alone in the first year. Only perennial ryegrass S24 and the cocksfoot mixtures significantly outyielded timothy alone in the second year. Winterkill hecame evident in April of the second year and pure timothy and timothy/meadow-fescue swards were least affected. Over all swards, timothy DM increased hy a mean of 19% from the first to the second year, compared with a fall of 20% in total herhage DM. The contrihution of timothy herhage to the mixtures was very low with companions other than meadow fescue. Late-heading varieties were more compatihie than early-heading varieties, and tetraploid ryegrasses were more compatihie than diploid ryegrasses. It is concluded that if the inherently valuahle characteristics of timothy are to he exploited, it should not he sovm with aggressive companion grasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00748.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POTENTIAL PASTURE PRODUCTION IN THE UPLANDS OF WALES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Detailed soil and vegetation analysis at Pant-y-dwr Hill Centre illustrated the main physical, chemical and biological factors involved in low output from rough grazing on 5 soil series, ranging from acid brown earth to undifferentiated peat, which are representative of most of upland mid-Wales. While all the soils, derived from Silurian shale, had low pH and base saturation status and high lime, phosphate and potash requirements, the principal restraint on the productivity of resown grassland, particularly on the wet peaty gleys, was low available N status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00753.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00756.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF DRYING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE ANALYSIS OF HERBAGE TISSUE—A REVIEW (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: No one method of drying can be relied upon for all plant species, plant parts, or form (e.g., fresh v. ensiled herbage). Least changes in nonstructural carbohydrates appear to occur when fresh tissue is immersed in boiling alcohol. Freeze-drying provides results more similar to fresh tissue than heat-drying. Heat-drying at high temperatures (above 80°C) can cause thermo-cbemical degradation, while slow drying at low temperatures (below 50°C) allows time for DM losses by respiration and enzymatic conversions. The most acceptable heat-drying results have been obtained by drying for a short time at a high temperature (i.e. 100°C) and thereafter at a moderate temperature (i.e. 70°C).Changes in nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations occur during the storage of either freeze- or heat-dried tissues. Thus, analyses should be conducted as soon as possible after tissue sampling. The least changes occur during storage in alcohol, following killing of the tissue in boiling alcohol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00733.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SUMMARIES OF PAPERS READ AT THE SUMMER MEETING OF THE BRITISH GRASSLAND SOCIETY IN HEREFORDSHIRE (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00741.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STUDIES OF RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER NITROGEN (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of 59, 118 or 177 kg N/ha were measured on 7 occasions from 8 to 57 days after application to a perennial ryegrass sward in terms of changes in composition.The first increase Dt of N significantly raised percentages of CP, non-protein N, K, P, Ca, Na and Mg and significantly depressed percentages of DM, OM and OM digestihility. The second increment of N resulted in a further rise in the percentages of CP, true protein, non-protein N, K, P, Ca, Na and Mg; the percentages of DM and OM were further depressed but OM digestihility was not significantly depressed. Percentages of P and Na showed increased responses for the more mature herbage; while percentage non-protein N showed a more marked response in younger herbage. As herbage matured percentages of OM and Na rose, the latter only from days 16 to 45. All other attributes showed falling percentages to levels which could be inadequate for a 500 kg dairy cow yielding 15 kg milk. CP percentage reached this critical level (1.4% N) at days 37, 45 or 56 given 59, 118 or 177 kg N/ha; P percentage became critically low (〈 0.36%) at days 27, 35 or 38, respectively; Mg percentage fell to the critical level (0.12%) at days 23, 35 and 46. Na percentage showed the reverse trend, being deficient (〈 0.13%) in the earliest samples and becoming satisfactory from days 23 or 27 at 118 and 177 kg N/ha but it remained inadequate at 59 kg N/ba.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00740.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POTENTIAL PASTURE PRODUCTION IN THE UPLANDS OF WALES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A comprehensive study of the climatic, soil and vegetation restraints on grassland production in the hill areas of Britain is an essential preliminary stage in land use planning for those areas. Climatic data, recorded continuously at four centres in mid-Wales, emphasize the extent of altitudinal, topographic, seasonal and diurnal variation in zones with improvement potential. Annual solar energy income is negatively correlated with rainfall and cloud cover. Under wet conditions in the western hills, mean daily solar radiation during 1966–69 decreased by 15% between two centres at 30 and 305 m (103 and 1100 ft) 0.D. from 9.92 MJ/m2 to 7–07 MJ/m2= (204 to 169 cal/cm2). Radiation receipts in the drier eastern uplands at 305 m (1000 ft) were as high between May and August as in the western lowlands, but winter temperatures were considerably lower. Comparisons are made with conditions in other upland areas of Britain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00722.x
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    THE MANAGEMENT OF LONG GRASS AS A BIRD REPELLENT ON AIRFIELDS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Authorities responsible for the safety of aircraft have for a number of years been very concerned with the dangers and the damage caused by aircraft striking birds while in flight, particular since the introduction of the jet engine. Methods of reducing this risk have been sought, which have brought about the method of grass management described in this paper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00749.x
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  • 24
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    SHEEP GRAZING PREFERENCES ON A SALTINGS PASTURE AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR WIGEON (ANAS PENELOPE L.) CONSERVATION (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Arising from the need to improve the palatability of tussocky, rank Festuca rubra swards to provide a greaer area of grazing for overwintering wigeon which avoided these swards, the effect of sheep grazing on these and close-mown F. rubra swards was studied by a point-quadrat method. This showed that close mowing improved the palatability of Festuca rubra swards for sheep to a degree comparable with swards made up of Puccinellia maritima and Agrostis stolonifera, for which sheep and wigeon had previonsly been shown to have a significant preference. The results of the study are discussed in relation to methods of managing an area of saltings pastnre made up of these two types of swards to increase the area of grazing available for wigeon; whilst still being compatible with the objectives of the grazier's sheep husbandry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00751.x
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    PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00712.x
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  • 26
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    PASTURE YIELD INSTRUMENT USING A RADIO FREQUENCY BRIDGE (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A single unit grass-meter has been developed to replace the twin transmitter-receiver units which have been in use since 1958.In the new design a radio-frequency capacitance bridge is mounted on top of a measuring head. Introduction of grass into the measuring head unbalances the bridge and the amount of unhalance, which is a function of the mass of the herbage, is indicated on a micro-ammeter. Two ranges are incorporated so that sheep pastures with short grass and cow pastures with long grass can be measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00716.x
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    SUMMARIES OF PAPERS READ AT THE WINTER MEETING OF THE BRITISH GRASSLAND SOCIETY IN LONDON 8 DECEMBER 1972 (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00719.x
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00721.x
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  • 29
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    THE UTILIZATION OF DRIED GRASS BY EARLY WEANED LAMBS (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three groups of 8 Polled Dorset Iambs were weaned at 8 weeks of age and were fed dried grass, a 50–50 mixture of dried grass and protein-supplemented barley and protein-supplemented barley. All rations were completed. Digestibility trials were also conducted and the effect of level of feed intake on nutrient digestibility investigated.The dried grass resulted in rates of gain comparable to those produced by the pelleted barley ration. Feed conversion efficiency was lowest for the grass and highest for the barley ration. An interaction between the dried grass and barley was observed in nutrient digestibility. Increasing the level of feeding from approximately maintenance to appetite tended to result in slight depressions in the digestibility of energy and protein of all rations.The results suggest that dried grass can be used successfully for intensive feeding of early weaned lambs and little nutritional advantage appears to be gained from combining dried grass with barley.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb01213.x
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  • 30
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    HEADING DATES OF S24 PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND SPRING TEMPERATURES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: For spaced plants of Lolium perenne cv. S24 at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth, and at the National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, linear relationships were obtained between the recorded heading dates and (a) mean March earth temperatures at 30 cm depth and (b) mean March plus mean April earth temperatures at 30 cm depth. The residual standard deviations were ±2.97 days and ±2.65 days, respectively, A mean March earth temperature of 8°C predicted heading on 5 May, 6° C predicted heading on 12 May, and 4°C predicted heading on 20 May. For sites with an average April temperature significantly below 8.7°C a correction of +2 days per degree mean temperature difference in April had to be applied to these dates. These equations could be used to predict dates for 50% ear emergence in swards with a 50% confidence limit of ±22 days for sites in Central and Southern England and Wales. In certain years, cold, wet weather in May appeared to delay heading considerably at two Scottish sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb01217.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:BEST, K. F.; LOOMAN, J.; CAMPBELL, J. B. Prairie grasses identified and described by vegetative charactersSHLYK, A. A. Chlorophyll metabolism in green plantsDEVLIN, R. M.; BARKER, A. V. PhotosynthesisEVANS, L. T. (Editor). The induction of floweringMACHLIS, L.; BRIGGS, W. R.; PARK, R. B. (Editors). Annual review of plant physiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb01219.x
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    A PORTABLE-CORRAL TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THE EFFECT OF GRAZING INTENSITY ON YIELD, QUALITY AND INTAKE OF HERBAGE (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A grazing experiment using four stocking rates of sheep, equivalent to 34, 45, 57 and 68 sheep/ha on an assumed 200-day grazing season, was conducted using a portable grazing corral technique. Plots were subjected to fotir grazing periods between mid May and early September. The effect of stocking rate on herbage yield and quality and the influence of these factors and feed intake on liveweights of the sheep were recorded.The mean daily herbage organic matter available over the trial was 9.6, 5.8, 3.3 and 23% of the total liveweight of the sheep at each of the four stocking rates. The highest grazing pressure led to the production of high-quality herbage, but also led to reduced productivity, low feed intake and liveweight losses. The most lenient grazing pressure failed to provide adequate herbage utilization. Even at the most intensive stocking pressure, only 66% of the herbage available to ground level was utilized in grazings after July.Intake results suggested that sheep of 45 kg liveweight required 1000–1200 g digestible organic matter per day to maintain body weight. Despite the higher in vitro digestibility of herbage on offer at the higher stocking rates, intake was limited through lack of herbage; a high degree of correlation existed between herbage availability and herbage intake over the four stocking rates and at all grazings.It is concluded that the portable corral technique is well suited for grazing studies and the assessment of sward response to varying stocking rates and is particularly useful where facilities for more extensive studies are limited.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00702.x
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    A NOTE ON THE ZERO-GRAZING OF BEEF CATTLE (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Groups of 8 steers weighing 300–400 kg (660–880 Ib) were rotationally grazed on a ryegrass-dominant pasture for 115 days. The systems compared were zero grazing (Z), field grazing conducted at the same stocking rate (FC), and field grazing conducted at a stocking rate varied with the intention of giving the same liveweight gain per uiimal as zero grazing (FV). Mean daily liveweight gains were: Z, 0.98; FC, 0.78; FV, 0.90 kg/animal (2.2, 1.7 and 20 Ib/animal), and liveweight gains/unit area were in the ratio 100:78:85. Organic-matter intake, measured on four occasions, was, on average, Z, 6.54; FC, 6.18; FV, 687 kg/head daily (14.4, 13.6 and 15.1Ib).From these results it appears that a comparison of zero grazing and field grazing made at the same stocking rate is likely to underestimate the potential of field grazing for beef production from grass.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00705.x
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    THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND STOCKING RATE ON THE OUTPUT OF PASTURE GRAZED BY BEEF CATTLE (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was conducted in two successire years to measure the effect of two levels of fertilizer N, 50 and 300 kg/ha (45 and 270 Ib/ac) on the productivity of pastures grazed by young beef cattle. Two stocking rates were imposed at the lower N level and 4 at the higher level. The responses per kg fertilizer N were approximately 1 kg liveweight gain, 20–24 Meal ME and 8–9 kg DM. Maximal yields of about 1000 kg gain/ha (890 Ib/ac) and 19,000 Meal ME/ha (7700 Mcal ME/acre) were recorded.Animal performance was similar on the low and the high N pastures. There was evidence that the chemical quality of pasture was lower on the low N pasture in the first year, but there was no difference in the second year.The numbers of dung pats per ha and the refusal of herbage due to fouling were reduced by Increasing the stocking rate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00707.x
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    PRODUCING GRASS FOR SUMMER MILK (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ways of using nitrogen fertilizer and long growth periods to produce grass for summer milk production are described. To exploit the extra production obtained from long growth periods it is suggested that the grazing system should be flexible, integrating cutting with grazing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00692.x
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    REPEATABILITY OF A TWO-STAGE IN VITRO SYSTEM OF DIGESTIBILITY MEASUREMENT (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Five substrates (high-quality brome grass, low-quality brome grass, lucerne pellets, lucerne cubes, and barley straw) were analyzed for DM disappearance in a two-stage in vitro system in nine consecutive runs. Samples for each run were inoculated in duplicate with four independent collections of rumen fluid from the same mature, non-lactating Holstein cow. Data repeatability was excellent for the two lucerne substrates, good for high-quality brome grass, and poor for low-quality brome grass and barley straw.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00695.x
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  • 37
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    EFFECT OF DAY-NIGHT TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TIMOTHY PLANTS DERIVED FROM WINTER AND SUMMER TILLERS (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Winter (vernalized) and summer (non-vernalized) timothy tillers were grown to anthesis in day/night temperature regimes of 32/26°, 27/21°, 21/15°, and 15/10°C. Herbage and total plant yields, total leaf-blade number and area, and total plant growth-rate were highest, or very nearly so, in the 21/15°C regime for both the winter and summer plants. However, summer plants reached anthesis 13 to 14 days later than winter plants in each temperature regime. Even though virtually all primary shoots produced an infiorescence, summer plants had significantiy more leaves and leaf-blade area, produced significantiy higher yields of leaf blade, stem plus sheath, stubble, and root tissues and had a significantly higher total plant growth rate than winter plants in each temperature regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00694.x
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    STUDIES OF RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER NITROGEN (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fifteen out of 36 possible combinations of 3 cutting dates for hay, 3 rates of N application and 4 intervals between N application and cutting date were compared to study the effects of pre-harvest application of N on the N, P, K, Mg and Ca contents of the aftermath and the effectiveness of utilization of these elements.According to the method of calculation given by ARC (1), the control haycrop harvested on 16 June was deficient in N, Ca, P and Mg, and the aftermath which was given no further N after harvest was of low bulk, but adequate in mineral content. Earlier harvesting improved the quality of the hay, and increased the bulk and reduced the mineral content of the aftermaths. Applying 125.6 kg N/ha after harvest resulted in a satisfactory increase in bulk, plus an improved mineral content in the aftermath. Applying N before harvest resulted in increased uptake of N, K, Ca, P and Mg in the hay and in the increased percentage of N, K, and Ca in the DM of the hay. Very early application of pre-harvest N increased the percentage of Mg.The general effect of pre-harvest N on the aftermath was to reduce yield and uptake of N, K, Ca, P and Mg. Doubling the pre-harvest N raised the mineral uptake. Very early pre-harvest application resulted in low mineral uptake in the aftermath. The percentage of N, K and P in the aftermath was reduced by pre-harvest N applied at both levels and on both dates.Deferring the application of fertilizer N until 4 days after harvesting the hay crop produced the highest mineral contents in the aftermath, without reducing its bulk.Mineral uptake in the regrowths was linearly related to N uptake at 1.43 kg K, 0.34 kg Ca, 0.157 kg P, 0.006 kg Mg/kg N uptake.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00697.x
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    LAND RESTORATION WITH PULVERIZED FUEL ASH (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper describes experiments carried out with different depths of topsoil and methods of cultivation on an ash lagoon at Besthorpe, near Newark. Good yields of grass were obtained even on bare ash with suitable rates of fertilizer application. In the conditions existing at Besthorpe, the optimum depth of soil appeared to be three in. (7.62 cm), but the depth of cultivation (three in. (7.62 cm) or twelve in. (30.48 cm), die latter resulting in mixtures of soil and ash, had no significant effect.B uptake by the growing plants was markedly lower in the third year of the experiment but, apart from its possible effect on yield, it produced no ill effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00679.x
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    THE EFFECT OF METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF ACID-DETERGENT FIBRE ON ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASSES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The acid-detergent fibre (ADF) contents of 50 grass samples of known in vivo and in vitro digestibility were determined by hydrolysing with acid for 1, 2, 3,4, 5, and 6 h. The 50 samples used consisted of 6 Lolium perenne, 9 Cenchrus ciliaris, 15 Chloris gayana, 10 Digitaria spp., and 10 Setaria spp. Regression and residual standard deviations (RSD) were calculated for each hydrolysis time for each grass and for all 50 samples.Increasing the hydrolysis time decreased the RSD for Lolium perenne and Setaria, had no effect on Chloris gayana and Digitaria and increased the RSD for Cenchrus ciliaris regressions. For regressions based on all 50 samples die RSD varied between ±4.8 and 5.0 digestibility units with only minor differences between hydrolysis times. Correcting the ADF for contaminating ash generally increased the RSD.Changing the acid strength from the 10 N recommended by van Soest (8) did not lead to any major improvement in the RSD for regressions based on Cenchrus ciliaris, but with Setaria the RSD was reduced from ±2.8 to 1.7 digestibility units when 2N acid was used and hydrolysis was extended to 2 h.It was concluded that unless the optimum conditions for determining ADF for each grass are known then the in vitro technique provides digestibility estimates with a lower error.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00681.x
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    THE VISUAL ESTIMATION OF PASTURE AVAILABILITY USING STANDARD PASTURE CORES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A coring technique (6), that may be used for estimating the mean amount of herbage on closely grazed pastures, has been adapted to include visual scoring. Two methods are described, both of which use sets of pasture cores from the sward as reference standards. The observers score the herbage on view at random sites against the standards. In the first method the scores are converted to herbage yields directly by reference to the yields of the standards. In the second method a double sampling regression technique is used and the set of standards is used as a visual guide only.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00682.x
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  • 42
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    THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil samples were taken at 0–1 in. (0–2.54 cm) and 1–3 in. (2.54–7.62 cm) depths on five occasions over a period of 55 days from under (3 in. (7.62 cm) radius from centre) and around (9 in. (22.86 cm), 12 in. (30.48cm) and 18 in. (45.72 cm) radius from centre) dung patches deposited on pasture. The samples were analysed for available N, K and P. There was a significant increase in the level of all three elements in the 0–1 in. samples beneath the dung patch. The increase persisted throughout the experiment. K exhibited the greatest increase, but was not detected beyond the edge of the dung patch. The increase in soil N was smaller but was detected up to 6 in. (15.24 cm) from the edge of the dung patch. P also increased, but was more variable than either N or K. Soil N, P and K did not increase in the 1–3 in. samples.The weight and fibre content of the dung patch was also measured throughout the experiment. After high initial losses (25%) the dung patch decayed only slowly.The loss of ammonia from dung patches was followed over 13 days in a separate experiment During the relatively hot weather over this period approximately 5 % of the N iu the dung was lost as ammonia, mainly in the first five days. During the experimental period of 13 days 60% of the original weight of the dung patch was lost through evaporation.The results are discussed in relation to the growth of herbage surrounding a dung patch reported in the previous paper (12).
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00688.x
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    COMPETITION BETWEEN ESTABLISHED AND NEWLY SOWN GRASS SPECIES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The nature of competition between a grass species either invading or introduced hy sowing into an established grass sward and the estahlished sward was examined by using a divided-pot tecbnique. The species studied were Lolium perenrte S23 and Festuca rubra SS9, grown at two levels of N and P. Data are given for DM yield, tiller number, species ratio and uptake of N and P.The results show that competition for nutrients was a dominant factor and anything which affected this, such as prior establishment of one species, had an important effect on the success of the introduced species which amounted, under some conditions, to complete inhibition of growth of the latter. The data throw some light on the means whereby dominance is maintained in a pasture community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00668.x
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    BURNING MOLINIA–DOMINANT VEGETATION FOR GRAZING BY RED DEER (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Burnt Molinia caerulea–dominant range on the Isle of Rhum, N.W. Scotland, was grazed much more heavily by red deer than surrounding unhurnt Molinia stands. The effect was greatest in the first growing season after hurning. The practice of hurning Molinia in this region, where red–deer management is a major land use and Molinia is one of the main forage plants, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00671.x
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  • 46
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00676.x
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  • 47
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    A STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF SILAGES OF DIFFERENT DRY–MATTER CONTENT BY YOUNG BEEF CATTLE WITH OR WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTARY BARLEY (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three Uages containing 18.7, 35.2 and 51.0% DM were given to young beef cattle without supplementary barley or with a daily allowance of 1.8 or 3.6 kg air-dry fortified barley. Each diet was given to 9 individually fed animals, the mean fasted liveweight of which at the start of the experiment was 304 kg. The dafly voluntary DM intake was recorded for a 10-day period for the 9 animals on each silage without supplementary barley. The mean DM intakes per kg W0.73 were 58.4, 94.6 and 104.1 g for Silages 1, 2 and 3 and the intakes increased curvilinearly with the DM content of the silage. The mean daily liveweight gains on Silages 1, 2 and 3 were 0.63,0.73 and 0.75 kg, respectively; the relationship was significantly linear (P 〈0.01). The barley supplement also had a significantly linear CP 〈0.01) effect on daily gains. The mean daily gains for 0, 18 and 3 6 kg fortified barley per day were 0.54, 0.74 and 0.84 kg, respectively. The DM and digestible organic matter required per kg liveweight gain were not significantly affected by the DM of the silage, but were significantly (P 〈 0.01) affected by supplementation.The metabolizable energy (ME) values of Silages 1,2 and 3 were 2.46, 2.52 and 2.50 Meal/ kg DM, respectively. The supplementary concentrate increased the ME concentration significantly (P 〈 0.05), although the overall increase was small. The mean values were 2.49, 2.54 and 2.61 Meal/ kg DM, respectively, for 0, 1.8 and 3.6 kg fortified barley per day. The digestibilities of DM and organic matter were not significantly affected by the type of silage, but there was a significant increase with increasing intake of supplementary barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00673.x
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  • 48
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    THE EFFECT OF TIME AND RATE OF N APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRASS SWARDS IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Six identical experiments (3 in Devon and 3 in Suffolk) investigated the effect of 200, 300 and 400 lb N/ac (224, 336 and 448 kg/ha), given in 1, 2, 4 or 8 equal applications, on the yield and seasonal production of perennial ryegrass swards cut every 25 days.Each rate of N Increased DM and N yields. Giving the N in 4 or 8 dressings gave higher DM, bnt rather lower N yields, than applying the N in 1 or 2 dressings. The effect on DM yield of splitting the N was most marked at 400 lb NJac (448 kgJha). Seasonal production was closely related to the time of N application and most uniform where N was given in 8 dressings.Differences between Devon and Suffolk were most evident where the N was given in 4 or 8 dressings and occurred in the second half of the season when the low rainfall in Suffolk apparently restricted N uptake and DM yield. The efficiency with which N taken up by the plant was used for DM production was affected by sunshine. It is concluded that rainfall and sunshine will limit the extent to which fertilizer N can he used to control herbage production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00653.x
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  • 49
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    EFFECTS OF WHITE CLOVER ON THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF SWARDS OF RYEGRASS, TIMOTHY AND MEADOW FESCUE AND MIXTURES OF THESE THREE (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Results are presented to show the effect of white clover (Trifolium repens) and of applied N on the hotanical composition of swards sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perernne), timothy (Phleum pratense), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and mixtures of two and three of these species. White clover had a more favourahle effect on the growth of perennial ryegrass than on either timothy or meadow fescue both in terms of yield and in terms of tiller numbers. Tiller numbers of rough-stalked meadow grass (Poa trivialis) were increased and tiller numbers of Agrostis species were reduced by application of N and by inclusion of clover. Possible reasons for these effects are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00631.x
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  • 50
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    HARVESTING TETRAPLOID RYEGRASS FOR SEED (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sequential harvests of two tetraploid ryegrasses have shown that the commercially critical level of 90% germination was attained early in the ripening process. For the greater part of the maturation period the moisture level was maintained at 60% as in diploid grasses, but the rate of moisture loss during the latter part of ripening proved to be slower than in diploids. The large seeds are more susceptible to mecbanical damage at harvest and therefore require lower drum speed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00634.x
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  • 51
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    THE PLANT COMPONENT AS A FACTOR IN AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM PASTURE SWARDS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The volatilization of ammonia which followed the application of urea to a pasture sod was determined over a period of 14 days. Significant ammonia losses were measured after foliar application of urea to sods in which the soil component had been previously isolated from the plant components by sealing the sods with an impermeable membrane. Losses of ammonia by volatilization over the experimental period were less from plant surfaces than from unsealed sods in which the soil contributed to losses. It is concluded that in addition to soil ureolytic activity, the plant and litter components of pastures may provide major pathways of loss in the N economy of grasslands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00630.x
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  • 52
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    THE MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION ON HEATHER MOORS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The measurement of primary production and utilization of heather moors is a necessary part of studies aimed at understanding and ultimately improving secondary (animal) production.Heather is a woody perennial and presente many problems peculiar to itself. With management in mind a more precise method of classification and description of heather moors is suggested.The measurement of quantity of production in terms of standing crop, total edihie DM and annual DM production are described in detail. Chlorophyll extraction techniques are descrihed, these heing more rapid than hand separation and enabling many more samples to be handled.Digestibility and voluntary intake of heather as indices of quality are briefly discussed.A method for the calculation of grazing pressure or utilization is described. The method measures the percentage of available edible (photosynthetic) material which is consumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00633.x
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  • 53
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASLIRES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00637.x
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  • 54
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Books review in this article:HANSON, A. A.; JUSKA, F. V. Turfgrass science.STEWARD, F. C. [Ed.] Plant physiology: A treatise. Vol. 5. Analysis of growth. A. Behaviour of plants and their organs. B. The responses of cells and tissues in cultureCAMPBELL, J. B. [Compiler] Experimental methods for evaluating herhage
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00636.x
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  • 55
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    PREDICTING THE BEST TIME TO APPLY NITROGEN TO GRASSLAND IN SPRING (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 25 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A great number of experiments with varying dates of N application to grassland showed that the most suitable time of applying spring N in tbe Netberlaods varies, as a result of weather conditions, from year to year from mid-February to mid-April. In such experiments the best time of spring N application, which needs to be known in advance, can only be determined after the grass bas been harvested and weighed. The results of these experiments supported the opinion that the best application date coincides with the banging of grass growth. However, at that time it was not possible clearly to define the begimiing of grass growth.When in 1959 a measuring disc was put into use the beginning of grass growth could be precisely determined and it was then found that the beginning of grass growth was closely correlated to a certain accumulated temperature from 1 Jan. from which the date of the beginning of grass growth can be predicted. This date is the most suitable one for applying spring N to grassland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1970.tb01202.x
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  • 56
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    THE PRODUCTION OF CONTRASTING GENOTYPES OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS (LOLIUM PERENNE L.) IN MONOCULTURES AND MIXED CULTURES OF VARYING COMPLEXITY (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 25 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was set up to measure the production from donally propagated micro-swards of four contrasting ryegrass genotypes, grown in monocultures and in all possible combinations of mixed cultures consisting of two, three and all four genotypes. Water and nutrients were supplied frequently in non-limiting quantities and the swards were subjected to two cutting frequencies.The yield ranking of the monocultures and mixed cultures diifered at the two cutting frequencies. Under infrequent cutting, though not under frequent cutting, two mixtures, each containing two genotypes, were more productive than their highest yielding components in monoculture. The physiological basis of this apparent synergy is hriefly discussed and it is suggested that the increased yield may he due to more efficient light utilization hy the mixtures. In general, yields of other mixtures, including those consisting of 3 or 4 genotypes were intermediate between the highest and lowest yielding components in monoculture.The agronomic and plant-breeding implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1970.tb01205.x
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  • 57
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    THE ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT OF THE YIELD OF RAPE (Brassica napus) (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 25 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The application of an electronic pasture probe to the measurement of rape is described. Measurements taken over two years demonstrated that good relationships could be established between probe readings and parameters of crop yield. Crop height, spatial distribution of crop profile, crop density and percentage DM were found to he significant factors in obtaining meaningful results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1970.tb01096.x
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  • 58
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    THE CONSERVATION OF GRASS IN SEALED METAL AND PLASTIC CONTAINERS, WITH AND WITHOUT GROUND BARLEY MEAL (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 25 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments are described in which ground harley meal was added to freshly-cut grass hefore ensiling it in small air-tight metal containers and polythene containers. The mean DM loss from the air-tight metal containers was 1 % and from the polythene containers 18.8%. The silages were all of satisfactory fermentation quality, as assessed hy pH, voladle acids, lactic-acid and Tolatile-hase content. The addition of the harley meal significantly improved the nutritive content of the ensiled material, and the resulting silage in the air-tight metal containers. Sheep were used to measure the voluntary intakes of the silages conserved in the polythene containers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1970.tb01099.x
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  • 59
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    NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GRASS AND FORAGE CROPS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In the management of British grassland lay there appears to be a marked divergence between the policies advocated by grassland science and general grassland practice. While science places emphasis on monocultures of sown species (mainly perennial ryegrass), heavily fertilized and intensively stocked, grassland farmers for the most part rely on lonstablished or indigenous swards composed of a variety of species and receiving modest applications of fertilizer. Since the gap between the two approaches is both substantial and of long duration the subject appears to be worth fresh attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current situation in relation to improvement in botanical composition and to suggest new approaches to that end.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01259.x
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  • 60
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    THE LEGUME—A REAPPRAISAL OF ITS PLACE IN TODAY'S FARMING (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The last 10 years have seen a marked shift in Britain from the growing of legumes towards the use of fertilizer N. Many farmers are now reassessing the position Decause of increasing fertilizer prices and because of improvements in clovers and lucerne through plant breeding.On the intensive dairy farm legumes can play an important part in the conseravation block. The yield of lucerne without applied N is as high as from ryegrass with 250 units N/ac. Red clover is also useful over a wide range of soil types.On the less intensive farm, white clover should be contributing throughout the grazing area. there are many reasons for poor white clover populations in pastures; one of these is the fungus disease Sclerotinia trifoliorum, commonly known as clover rot. Varieties resistant to this disease are available in both red and white-clover. Verticillium wilt in lucerne bas also been checked by the plant breeder.Improved legume varieties justify a completely new look at these crops and the possibilities for lucerne in this country appear to be particularly good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01258.x
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  • 61
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    THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN HEIGHTS OF CUTTING AND GROWTH ON THE DIGESTIBLE ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCTION AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF PERENNIAL PASTURE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Irrigated plots of a mixed sward of Lolium perenne, Paspalum dilatatum, Bromus unioloides, Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium repens were used in 2 experiments during 4 years. In the first experiment, die treatments comprised factorial combinations of heights of cutting of 3, 6 and 10 cm (1.2, 2.4 and 3.9 in.) above ground level, and heights of growth of 5, 13 and 20 cm (20, 5.1 and 8.0 in.) above the height of cutting. In the second experiment, 8 combinations of dose (3 cm or 1.2 in.) or lax (10 cm or 3.9 in.) cutting were applied at various times during each year.In the first experiment, DM production for cutting heights of 3, 6 and 10 cm was 50, 44 and 43 t/ha (198,17.5 and 171 ton/ac), respectively; the DOM production was 37, 32 and 32 t/ha (147, 12.7 and 12.7 ton/ac). DM production for growth heights of 5, 13 and 20 cm was 45, 46 and 48 t/ha (17.9, 183 and 191 ton/ac), respectively. DOM production, 34 t/ha (13.5 ton/ac), was not affected by height of growth.Percentages of protein (26, 22 and 20) and DOM (76, 72 and 71) declined as the height of growth was increased; but cutting height produced no significant effects in them. As cutting height was increased the percentage of clover declined (40, 31 and 23) and that of grasses increased (52, 66 and 72); diere were smaller changes with changes in height of growth.Hie second experiment showed that the difference between close and lax cutting became significant only when lax cutting was applied for at least half of the cuts each year. DM production was similar for treatments witii the same number of close or lax cuts, regardless of the time of year at which the two heights of cutting were applied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01262.x
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    EFFECT OF HIGH FERTILIZER NITROGEN AND STOCKING RATES ON LIVEWEIGHT GAIN PER ANIMAL AND PER HECTARE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of increasing annual fertilizer N application rate from 400 to 800 kg/ha (357 to 714 lb N/ac) and stocking rate from 5.0 to 7.5 animals per forage ha (2.02 to 3.04 animals per forage ac) on herbage availability, digestible OM intake and live weight gain was investigated in a grazing experiment repeated in 3 consecutive years. A 21×1 day rotational paddock grazing system was used in which the grazing area was increased in the ratio of 1:1.5:3 on two predetermined occasions.Increasing the fertilizer N application rate increased herbage availability by 12% but failed to increase live weight gain. Increasing stocking rate decreased herbage availability per ha and per animal, and also live weight gain per animal, but increased live weight gain per forage ha by 17.6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01268.x
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    STUDIES IN MILK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A model is described which can be used to synthesize dairy systems under various price environments and sets of decision rules.The potential use of the model is illustrated with reference to the seasonal calving pattern as an economic decision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01246.x
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  • 64
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    EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GRAZING ROTATIONS ON PASTURE PRODUCTION (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Different grazing treatments applied to pastures in which perennial ryegrass was dominant had little influence on DM production during the main reproductive growth period in late spring and early summer. Lax and infrequent grazing at this time did, however, reduce tiller density. During the dry summer period lax infrequent grazing increased production by 20%, while in the vegetative growth period in autumn those pastures which were alternately lax- and hard-grazed outyielded those which were hard grazed by 63%.In all treatments, initial recovery growth resulted almost exclusively from the production of leaf tissue. The rate of leaf growth declined three to five weeks after grazing, depending on treatment and season, and subsequent yield increase was dominated by sheath and stem growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01250.x
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    A FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND STOCKING RATE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PASTURE FOR BEEF CATTLE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The liveweight gain was measured of beef cattle on pastures stocked at 5.9 to 11.8 cattle/ha and receiving 50, 182 or 329 kg N/ha in a 12-week season. N levels and stocking rates were so adjusted that similar yields of herbage per animal were expected. Results showed that similar liveweight gains per animal, averaging 1.03 kg/day, occurred at all N levels. Liveweight gain/ha ranged from 547 to 1037 kg in 12 weeks and the corresponding quantities of metabolizable energy utilized were 9890 and 17590 Meal. The results confinn earlier work (4, 7).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01251.x
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    THE EFFECT OF CUTTING HEIGHT AND NITROGEN LEVEL ON THE YIELD, IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS SWARDS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three cutting heights, 2±5, 7±6 and 12±7 cm (1, 2±5 and 5 in.) and three levels of fertilizer N, 168, 280 and 392 kg N/ha (150, 250 and 350 Ib N/ac) were imposed on a sward of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cv. Irish. Lowering the cutting height and increasing the level of applied N increased the yield of herhage DM. Increasing the level of applied N had a greater effect on the chemical composition of the herbage than altering the cutting height
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01228.x
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    SUMMARIES OF PAPERS READ AT THE WINTER MEETING OF THE BRITISH GRASSLAND SOCIETY IN LONDON 5 DECEMBER 1973 (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01231.x
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    PRE-HARVEST DESICCATION OF HERBAGE SEED CROPS AND ITS EFFECT ON SEED QUALITY (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seed crops of perennial ryegrass S321 and tetraploid hybrid ryegrass Sabrina were sprayed with 3 pt diquat in 30 gal. water/ac (4.21 diquat in 337 1 water/ha) a few days before the normal date for harvest. Very low germination values were obtained wben the harvested seed was later tested and the production of abnormal seedlings from the treated crops was attributed to the presence of diquat in the seed. On the basis of these results the use of diquat is not recommended as a pre-harvest desiccant for ryegrass seed crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00744.x
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    THE INTAKE OF DRINKING WATER BY GRAZING DAIRY COWS. THE EFFECT OF WATER AVAILABILITY (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a 16-week grazing experiment with six spring-calved Ayrshire cows, drinking water was available to the animals in three different ways, and the effect on milk prodnction was studied. The water was available from a water howl in the cowshed for 2.8 h/day in Treatment A, from a trough in the field for 21.2h/day in Treatment B, and from hoth sources for a total of 24 h/day in Treatment C. The cows on all treatments were grazed in individual plots of intensively-managed perennial ryegrass, stocked at the rate of 1 cow/0.22 ha (0.54 ac). The mean daily intakes of drinking water were 10.1, 15.3 and 15.5 kg (2.23, 3.37 and 3.42 gal)/cow, and the mean daily milk yields were 17.0, 17.2 and 16.8 kg (37.5, 37.9 and 37.0 lb)/cow in Treatments A, B and C, respectively; milk yields were not significantly different The herbage had an average DM content of 17.3%, and contained 19.6% crude protein and 66.5% digestible organic matter in the DM. The weight of water drunk was significantly and positively related to the DM percentage of the herbage, the air temperature and the daily hours of sunshine, and negatively related to daily rainfall. It is concluded that when dairy cows are grazing leafy herbage of high digestibility as their sole feed, the time during which drinking water is available may safely be restricted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00746.x
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    THE RESPONSE OF S24 PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SWARDS TO IRRIGATION (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The response of established perennial ryegrass swards to irrigation was compared over 2 years. The swards received 250 (N1) or 500 kg N/ha (N2) and were cut 4 times each year. Water was applied in 5 irrigation treatments according to the potential soil water deficit: the soil was partially, or fully returned to field capacity after cutting; returned to field capacity after cutting and then whenever a 25 mm deficit arose; irrigated with 25 mm water whenever a 25 mm deficit arose independently of cutting; or irrigated at minimum intervals of 14 days, provided that the deficit was then at least 50 mm.There was little effect of irrigation on yield from the first cut in late May. Frequent irrigation gave the greatest increase in total annual yield (3.1 t/ha), hut partial irrigation after cutting was most efficient in use of water and equipment, provided that drought conditions were avoided.High concentrations of N in the herbage were associated with low DM yields, hut more N (percentage N DM yield) was recovered from the irrigated than from the unirrigated swards. More N was recovered than was applied in the N1 treatment; less was recovered than was applied in N2. In the N1 treatment the nitrate concentration was 〈500 ppm hut it was 1000–4000 ppm in N2. There was no consistent effect of irrigation on nitrate or K concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00750.x
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  • 71
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    THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WEEPING LOVEGRASS DURING THE SPRING SEASON (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Faecal samples from a continuous digestibility trial with Eragrostis curvula were analyzed for cell-wall contents, acid-detergent fibre, lignin, asb and N. DM digestibility was regressed on all these fractions and organic-matter digestibility was also regressed on faecal organic-matter N. The best predictions of digestibility were obtained by the use of faecal lignin as a percentage of acid-detergent fibre, and by cell-wall contents. N was a comparatively poor predictor and it is shown that its relationship with organic-matter digestibility varies with the level of N in the diet. It is concluded that both lignin and cell-wall contents could serve as useful internal indicators since their use is unlikely to be biassed by metabolic and microbial contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00752.x
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  • 72
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    STUDIES IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The residual effects of 59, 118 or 177 kg N/ha applied to the primary growth of a ryegrass sward were measured in two successive regrowths as yields of fresh matter (FM), DM and digestible organic matter (DOM).The first regrowths (RGl) harvested on 12 June followed primary growth (PG) harvests 8, 12, 16, 23, 29, 45 and 57 days after applying N on 16 Apr. The second regrowths (RG2) were harvested on 12 Aug., 62 days after RGl and 119 days after applying N.Significant residual responses were shown in both regrowths which increased the annual responses substantially. Responses to the first increment of N, averaged over dates of primary growth harvests, were raised from 70.3 kg FM, 9.2 kg DM, and 5.6 kg digestible OM/kg N applied, for the primary growth, to responses for primary growth+2 regrowths of 140.8 kg FM, 22.5 kg DM and 13.9 kg digestible OM/kg N applied. For the second increment of N, negligible or negative primary growth responses of 19.0 kg FM, –0.68 kg DM and –0.68 kg digestible OM/kg N applied became 179.7 kg FM, 25.6 kg DM and 16.4 kg digestible OM/kg N applied for the sum of the 3 growths.There were significant differences between the residual responses obtained for different dates of PG harvest. When PG was harvested 8 days after applying N, primary response was low or negligible; residual responses were high, and the total responses were 21.0 kg DM/kg N applied for the first N increment and 31.0 kg DM/kg N applied for the second. Similar effects were observed for FM and digestible OM. Residual responses to the second increment of N were greatest where primary growth was harvested 23 days after N application. Similar residual responses followed the primary growth harvest 29, 45 and 57 days after N application hut the total responses were reduced.It is concluded that the very high residual responses to the second increment of N can only he explained in terms of increased availability of soil N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00754.x
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DM CONTENT OF HERBAGE FOR SILAGE MAKING AND EFFLUENT PRODUCTION (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A study of 16 silages made at the Hannah Research Institute and 22 silages made at the Grassland Research Institute showed highly significant positive relationships hetween the DM percentages of the material ensiled and the resultant silage. Using regression equations derived from this data, and from a record of the presence or absence of effluent, it was calculated that the average minimum DM content of herbage for ensiling which would produce no effluent was 22.9%. To ensure a margin of safety against production of effluent, a minimum DM content of 24.7% in the herbage was calculated from the confidence limits. To obtain this DM content, herhage will normally require wilting; effluent production should then be negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00734.x
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    POTENTIAL PASTURE PRODUCTION IN THE UPLANDS OF WALES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Study of the growth of heavily fertilized swards of S23 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) at a hill and a lowland centre in mid-Wales during 1968–69 demonstrated that lower productivity in the uplands could only be partially attributed to a shorter growing season and poorer summer growth conditions. Comparison of yields with potential transpiration estimates indicated that winter damage had an important bearing on production during the following year. In 1969, the adverse combination of a mild autumn and a severe winter led to a spring tiller density which was less than 25% of normal at the hill centre. With an annual fertilizer input of over 500 kg N/ha (480 lb N/ac) total DM production in 1968 and 1969 was 10.6 and 4.4 t/ha at the upland site compared with 14.8 and 10.1 t/ha in the lowlands (9450, 3920, 13,190 and 9000 lb/ac).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00739.x
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  • 75
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00743.x
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  • 76
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: BARNES, K. K.; CARLETON, W. M.; TAYLOR, H. M.; THROCKMORTON, R. I.; VANDEN BERG, G. E. (Organizers) Compaction of agricultural soilsEPSTEIN, E. Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectivesSHIMWELL, D. W. The description and classification of vegetationFREAR, D. E. H. (Editor) Pesticide handbook—Entoma 1972LEVITT, J. Responses of plants to environmental stressesTROUGHTON, J.; DONALDSON, L. A. Probing plant structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 77
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    USES AND CAPABILITIES OF ELECTRONIC CAPACITANCE INSTRUMENTS FOR ESTIMATING STANDING HERBAGE (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A meter using electronic capacitance to estimate weight of standing vegetation was first tested in 1949. It proved to be faster and more accurate than most indirect methods of measurement. Since then, other similar instruments have been built and several problems have become apparent. Short or dry vegetation, non-homogeneous distribution of vegetation, non-homogeneous phenology, and electronic circuit instability were the major problems. The chief steps in the development of capacitance instruments for estimating vegetation weight are discussed. The significance of each of the major problems has been greatly reduced by improvements in instrumentation. The technique of using electronic capacitance has now proved itself useful under a wide variety of range conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00725.x
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  • 78
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    SILAGE AND MILK PRODUCTION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN WILTED GRASS SILAGES MADE WITH AND WITHOUT FORMIC ACID (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fonr grass sUages made in May from the same herbage were compared io a 16-week feeding experiment with 12 Ayrshire cows. The silages were made from herhage wilted for either 1 or 2 days, and with or without 1/2 gal formic acid per ton of herhage. The silages treated with acid were, on average, 5°C cooler than the untreated silages, had lower pH values, higher lactic acid contents, slightly higher DM and crude protein contents, and higher contents of digestible organic matter in the DM. The silages were fed ad lib. with a supplement of harley and groundnut cake. The intakes of silage DM were higher with the acid-treated than with the nntreated silage. The mean daily milk yields on the silages made with and without the acid additive were 35.4 and 33.1 lb (16.1 and 15.0 kg), respectively, for the silage, wilted for 1 day and 34.2 and 32.2 lb (15.5 and 14.6 kg) for the silage wilted for 2 days. The effects of the treatments on the composition of the milk were small. It is concluded that the silages treated with formic acid additive were superior to the nntreated silages as a feed for dairy cows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00724.x
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    STUDIES IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Regression equations have been calculated for the primary growth of a ryegrass sward as FM (fresh matter), DM, DOM and for uptake of N, K, P, Ca, Na and Mg after application of 59,118 or 177 kg fertilizer N/ha on 16 Apr. These have been used to predict changes in response with time, the responses in terms of time, the dates when specific yields of DM are attained, the different characteristics of herbages at specified yields of DM and the effects of changing harvesting interval on annual DM yield and uptake of minerals.DM and DOM show significant responses to 118 kg N/ha but no response to the next increment throughout the 57-day growth period. All other attrihutes, including FM, showed responses to 177 kg N/ha.Calculated response as days gained suggest that for short-interval grazing systems the use of even 118 kg N/ha is questionable.The reduction in annual DM production and the increase in N uptake when growth intervals are shortened are related to the form of their growth curves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00729.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this articles:GIMINGHAM, C. H. Ecology of heathlandsJAMESON, J. D. (Editor). Agriculture in UgandaTRESHOW, M. Environment and plant responseMAHANTA, K. C. Fundamentals of agricultural microbiologyDORMER, K. J. Shoot organization in vascular plantsCRAFTS, A. S.; CRISP, C. E. Phloem transport in plantsSTREET H. E.; COCKBURN, W. Plant metabolismŠESTÁK, Z.; ČATSKÝ, J.; JARVIS, P. G. (Editors). Plant photosynthetic productionZELITCH I. Photosynthesis, photorespiration and plant productivity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 81
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    WHOLE-CROP VICIA FABA FOR CONSERVATION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN WINTER-, HORSE-, TICK-, AND BROAD-BEAN CULTIVARS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A trial containing cultivars of Vicia faba var. equina, minor and major was harvested as a whole-crop in 1971. The aim was to estahlish the DM yield obtainahle from a selection of spring-hean cultivars and evaluate this in relation to previously reported yields from winter heans. DM yields ranged from 48 to 86 hkg/ha over the three cutting dates. Significant differences were found hetween cv. in digesdhiUty, the range being 54 to 71%, and one hroad-hean cv. was shown to have a high digestihility at all cuts. Crude-protein contents of 13 to 19% were recorded. Percentage DM rose from 16 to 18% at the first cut to 23 to 45% at the third, hroad-hean cv. rising more slowly than horse- and dck-hean cv. Spring-bean cv. had a lower DM yield than winter cv. Horse hean was superior to tick bean in DM yield, percentage DM, and D-value. Broad-bean cv. proved difficult to dry and therefore may be more suitable for ensilage than dehydradon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00723.x
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  • 82
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    CLASSIFICATION OF STARCH- AND FRUCTOSAN-ACCUMULATING GRASSES AS C-3 OR C-4 SPECIES BY CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Type of nonstructural polysaccharide, starch or fmctosan, accumulated in the lower intemodes of grass shoots was not completely consistent with carbon isotope determinations and does not appear to he dependent on the type of photo-synthetic pathway that prevails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00727.x
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    THE SEASONAL PATTERN OF DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION OF GRASSES IN THE NORTH PENNINES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The seasonal pattern of DM prodaction of Lolium perenne, Cynosurus cristatus. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Festuca ovina and Agrostis stolonifera. cnt to 3 cm at 6-week intervals was studied on five sites, ranging from 49 to 303 m above sea level, in north-west Lancashire. Total annual production declined from a mean of 704 g/m2 on the lowest site, to 553 g/m2 on the highest, largely as a result of a severe depression in the spring peak of production, i.e. from 6.7 to 2.5 g/m2 per day. Later in the year, the daily rate of DM production was similar on all sites. Species varied in their response to increased altitude; Lolium was worst affected by this and Festuca least. The significance of these results, and possible reasons for the decline in spring production are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00704.x
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    LETTER TO THE EDITOR (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00708.x
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00711.x
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    TILLERING IN GRASSES—ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tillering is examined in relation to the morphology and habit of growth of the perennial herbage grasses; particular reference is made to the effects of cutting and grazing. The importance of tillering in establishment and regeneration or perennation of a grass sward is considered; greater importance is attached to the role of tillers in the regrowth of swards cut for conservation at the reproductive stage of growth. Amounts of regrowth are related to both the number and size of vegetative tillers present at the base of reproductive tillers at the time of cutting. The probable inhibition of the replacement tiller buds by the developing inflorescence is suggested as a reason for the poor growth of grass swards in the favourable environment of midsummer.The physiological mechanisms which control tillering during reproductive development are examined. Spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), Lolium temulentum and Phalaris tuberosa are used as physiological tools to demonstrate that tillering is restricted during reproductive development, and that stem extension may be more important than changes at the stem apex in controlling this restriction of tillering at the base of the inflorescence-bearing stem. It appears from results of the application of a range of growth regulators that substances derived from the meri-stematic centres, in either the elongating stem or the terminal meristem, indirectly control the metabolic activity of the lateral buds from which new tillers are derived. The degree of apical dominance is shown to depend on the light intensity in which the plants are grown. Finally, the physiological results are used to suggest reasons for the commonly found apparent inability of heavily fertilized perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) swards to regrow after cutting at the inflorescence-emergence stage of growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00689.x
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    SOME FACTORS AFFECTING MILK PRODUCTION FROM GRASSLAND AT THE HANNAH INSTITUTE, 1951–70 (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A study of the relationship between some farm and grassland management factors and milk production at the Hannah Dairy Research Institute in the period 1951–70 is reported. During this period various aspects of farm management were altered, and total annual milk production was increased from 28,400 to 63,900 gal. The major factors influencing total milk production, in order of declining importance, were: the overall rate of stocking, milk yield per cow, the numher of milking cows as a percentage of all animals, and the acreage of grass as a percentage of the total farm acreage. Stocking rate and milk yield per cow together explained 85% of the total variation in annual milk production. No significant relationship was found between total milk production and weight of concentrates fed/gal, the amount of fertilizer N applied/aC, rainfall and sunshine data. It is suggested that the lack of a direct relationship between milk prodnction and the amount of fertilizer N applied resulted from the contribution of N from clover and from grazing animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00691.x
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  • 88
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    CONVERSION TABLES FOR BRITISH AND METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00699.x
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  • 89
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    THE RATE OF WATER LOSS FROM GRASS SAMPLES DURING HAY-TYPE CONSERVATION (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The loss of water from small bulk samples of five grass species was studied under constant conditions of humidity, temperature and lighting. A logarithmic curve was fitted to the data and the different species compared on the basis of a loss coefficient derived from the fitted curve. The species varied significantly in this aspect; those with high surface-area to dry-weight ratios generally lost water fastest The presence of stem material appeared to increase the rate of water loss considerably. High humidity during drying caused the grasses to lose water more slowly and to retain much more water at equilibrium with the surrounding air. Chemical treatments to speed water loss, using a solvent and a fungal toxin were tested. Both appear to have some promise. Selection for high water loss in grass breeding may also be possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00693.x
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  • 90
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    THE EFFECT ON FATTENING STEERS OF SUPPLEMENTING SILAGE WITH DRIED GRASS OR ROLLED BARLEY (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eighteen crossbred Aberdeen-Angus and six Shorthorn steers with an average liveweight of 382 kg were given silage (DM content 22.3%) ad lib., supplemented with 0, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 kg artificially dried grass, or 1.8 kg rolled barley, per day. A digestibility study carried out on the silage and dried grass showed that the concentration of the metabolizable energy was 52.7 and 45.6 kcal/100 kcal of food, respectively. Live-weight gain increased with each level of supplementation. Supplementation did not significantly affect the intake of silage DM, but differences in the intake of total DM were significant. The killing-out percentages of the steers were similar. The results suggest that dried grass pellets may be a usefid supplement for a silage diet. It was shown that 1.12 kg of dried grass was equivalent to 1.80 kg rolled barley as a supplement for silage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00696.x
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  • 91
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    PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00677.x
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  • 92
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    THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTARY BARLEY UPON GROWTH AND EFFICIENCY OF FOOD CONVERSION IN CALVES KEPT AT HIGH GRAZING INTENSITY (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three groups of Hereford × Friesian steer calves, bom in early January 1969, were strip-grazed on eqoal areas of a sward of S321 perennial ryegrass from May to September inclusive, and received kibbled barley at the rate of nil, 3/4% or 1 1/2% of liveweight per day. Adjustments were made to the number of animals per group in order to maintain the same high grazing intensity (defined as 8 cm stubble height in grazed areas) on all treatments. The animals receiving supplementary barley gained weight at a rate 17–19% higher than the controls, but there was no significant difference in growth rate between the high and low levels of supplementation. The effficiency of conversion of barley was only 5–12 kg per animal liveweight gain/100 kg barley OM.The high level of supplementation resulted in an increase in stocking rate of 36 % over that of the control group, and an increase in liveweight gain per unit area of land grazed of 63%. The additional liveweight gain due to supplements, expressed per unit area of land grazed, was relatively constant at 21–24 kg liveweight gain/ 100 kg barley OM consumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00678.x
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  • 93
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    PAPERS READ AT THE WINTER MEETING OF THE BRITISH GRASSLAND SOCIETY IN LONDON ON 10 DECEMBER 1971 (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00686.x
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  • 94
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Books review in this article:PERRING, F. [Ed.] The flora of a changing BritainWATER AND SOILS DIVISION, MINISTRY OF WORKS, NEW ZEALAND. Land use capability survey handbook. A New Zealand handbook for the classification of landNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, COMMITTEE ON REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES. Remote sensing with special reference to agriculture and forestryHUGHES, D. E.; ROSE, A. H. [Eds] Microbes and biological productivity. Twenty-first symposium of the Society for General Microbiology held at University CoOege London April 1971
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1972.tb00687.x
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  • 95
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    THE ABSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE AND CALCIUM FROM DIFFERENT DEPTHS IN SOIL BY SWARDS OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A method for measuring the depth in soil from which plants absorb nutrients is descrihed. Radioactive tracers are injected at different depths and when allowance is made for any variations in the extent to which the added tracer is diluted hy labile ions in the soil at each depth the relative quantities of nutrient taken up from different depths can be calculated.Results obtained with perennial ryegrass swards of contrasting age indicated that the nptake of P and Ca always occurred predominantly from within the top 12.5 cm of soil. Apart from the initial few months of a sward's life, the proportion of both elements absorbed from different depths for a whole growing season varied little with age of sward up to 31/2 years. Considerable changes in the relative contrihution of different depths of soil to uptake occurred within a season; the extent of uptake from the surface layers was primarily influenced by variations in soil-water content and the application of fertilizer to this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00665.x
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  • 96
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTENSITY OF GRAZING AND THE HERBAGE CONSUMPTION AND GROWTH OF CALVES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted in 1967 and 1968 in which HerefordXFriesian (Experiment 1) and Friesian (Experiment 2) steer calves horn in April were turned out to graze at one week or 3 months of age, respectively, and maintained at three stocking densities in the ratio 1:2:3 animals per unit area. The calves grazed paddocks of S23 perennial ryegrass in rotation, and were moved when the height of grazed stubble at the medium stocking density was reduced to 8 cm. The rate of liveweight gain and herbage intake per head declined as stocking rate increased. When the results of the two experiments were compared, the weight gain of the calves was more closely related to the weight of herbage residues than to the height of the grazed sward. The rate of liveweight gain was depressed when the amount of herhage left after grazing fell helow 2000–2500 kg OM/ha (1800–2250 Ib/ac).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00669.x
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  • 97
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    SUMMARIES OF PAPERS READ AT THE SUMMER MEETING OF THE SOCIETY HELD AT WYE COLLEGE, ASHFORD, KENT. 12 TO 16 JULY, 1971 (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00662.x
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  • 98
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    A MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITROGEN INPUT AND OUTPUT IN CUT GRASS SWARDS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The importance of predicting grass N yield lies in its controlling influence on grass DM output and thus on animal production. Results from 88 experiments studying the use of fertilizer N on cut grass swards show that the major part (97%) of the variation in grass N yield could be explained in terms of fertilizer N rate, an estimate of soil N and an interaction between the two. From this, it appears that high fertilizer N recovery is associated with a high uptake of soil N and vice versa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00638.x
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  • 99
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Books review in this article:INTERNATIONAL GRASSLAND CONGRESS. Proceedings of the 11th Congress held at Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia, 13–23 April, 1970FRYER, J. D.; MAKEPEACE, R. J. Weed control handbook. Vol. 2. RecommendationsDAY, P. R. [Ed.] How crops grow. A century later. A series of lectures to celebrate the centennial of ‘How Crops Grow’ by Samuel W. Jobnson—1868. Delivered September 17, 1968-May 19, 1969NORMAN, A. G. [Ed.] Advances in agronomy. Vol. 20FRANKEL, O. H.; BENNETT, E. [Eds] Genetic resources in plants—their exploration and conservation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00675.x
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  • 100
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    THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL OF POA TRIVIALIS IN RYEGRASS PASTURES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A review of published information on the growth and productivity of Poa trivialis in relationship with perennial ryegrass is presented. The available evidence indicates that P. trivialis is usually out-yielded by ryegrass, particularly under drought and infertile soil conditions. In addition, the quality and seasonal distribution of the yield is often of questionable value. It would therefore appear that P. trivialis can be considered an undesirable species in most intensively managed ryegrass pastures. Preliminary results from competition studies between F. trivialis and S23 perennial ryegrass confirm that the replacement of ryegrass by P. trivialis leads to a lowering of productivity. The latest control measures for preventing the invasion and/or removal of P. trivialis from ryegrass pastures are given, based largely on the use of selective herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971.tb00652.x
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