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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An electronic pasture-meter was found to be of limited use for the routine estimation of DM production of oat cultivars for the reason that the relationship between the meter reading and DM varied with different cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The exploration of the atmosphere of Mars can be conducted using aerial platforms such as balloons and airships. Current research and development efforts at NASA include a lobed pressurized balloon system for the Ultra Long Duration Balloon Program. The capabilities of this system, in regards to pressure, load carrying capability, and duration, are far greater than anything previously flown. This technology can be adapted for use in the atmosphere of Mars.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 1; 109; LPI-Contrib-1062
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Mars aerobots constitute a class of mission nearly a factor of 10 smaller than earlier concepts for Mars balloons. A key goal is to achieve high payload mass fraction in a small total systems mass and to maximize the scientific potential of that payload. The "low and slow" attributes of aerobot flight paths afford advantages for many observations and measurements of Mars. Scientific objectives include surveys of remnant magnetism, studies of the surface with high resolution stereo imaging, and investigations of the structure and dynamics of the atmosphere with an in situ meteorology payload.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 1; 131; LPI-Contrib-1062
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The NASA philosophy and criteria for the design and flight of scientific balloons are set forth and discussed. The thickness of balloon films is standardized at 20.3 microns to isolate potential film problems, and design equations are given for specific balloon parameters. Expressions are given for: flight-stress index, total required thickness, cap length, load-tape rating, and venting-duct area. The balloon design criteria were used in the design of scientific balloons under NASA auspices since 1986, and the resulting designs are shown to be 95 percent effective. These results represent a significant increase in the effectiveness of the balloons and therefore indicate that the design criteria are valuable. The criteria are applicable to four balloon volume classes in combination with seven payload ranges.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 13; 2; p. 59-62.
    Format: text
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A NASA stress index model, SINDEX, is discussed which establishes the relative stress magnitudes along a balloon gore as a function of altitude. Application of the model to a data base of over 550 ballon flights demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. The results show a strong correlation between stress levels, failure rates, and the point of maximum stress coinciding with the observed failure locations. It is suggested that the model may be used during the balloon design process to lower the levels of stress in the balloon.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 7, 19
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Balloons fabricated of thin polyethylene materials have provided relatively inexpensive and reliable scientific research platforms for approximately three decades. Reliability of the modern day balloon, as launched by the U.S.A. National Scientific Balloon Facility (NSBF), has been approximately 85 percent. Recent balloon failures, coupled with an increased ocurrence of catastrophic failures, created grave concern over the integrity of the present balloon inventory of the U.S.A. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). An investigative team was established by NASA to review the circumstances surrounding the catastrophic balloon failures, determine the cause and to make recommendations to correct the problem and to prevent its reoccurrence. The most probable cause of failure as determined by the investigation was the polyethylene balloon film, although the film had passsed the established standard quality control measures of the film manufacturer. The approach, findings, and conclusions of the investigation are presented along with planned procedures to assure future quality balloon film for NASA balloons.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 5; 1, 19
    Format: text
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Attention is given to the development on the part of NASA of a simplified stress 'index' model to establish the relative stress magnitudes along a balloon's gore position as a function of altitude. Application of this model to several hundred balloon flights showed a good correlation between balloon failure rate and stress 'index' level. This model can be used during the balloon design process to lower the levels of stress in the balloon. By increasing the wall thickness of the balloon, adding caps, lengthening caps, or using external caps, lower stress can be accomplished. As a result, in January 1985, the NASA Balloon Program established a stress index specification to limit the design and flight stresses for NASA balloons.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-2566
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: In 1783, the Montgolfier brothers ushered in a new era of transportation and exploration when they used hot air to drive an un-tethered balloon to an altitude of ~2 km. Made of sackcloth and held together with cords, this balloon challenged the way we thought about human travel, and it has since evolved into a robust platform for performing novel science and testing new technologies. Today, high-altitude balloons regularly reach altitudes of 40 km, and they can support payloads that weigh more than 3,000 kg. Long-duration balloons can currently support mission durations lasting ~55 days, and developing balloon technologies (i.e. Super-Pressure Balloons) are expected to extend that duration to 100 days or longer; competing with satellite payloads. This relatively inexpensive platform supports a broad range of science payloads, spanning multiple disciplines (astrophysics, heliophysics, planetary and earth science.) Applications extending beyond traditional science include testing new technologies for eventual space-based application and stratospheric airships for planetary applications.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General); Aerodynamics
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN19920 , Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation (ISSN 2251-1717) (e-ISSN 2251-1725); 3; 2; 1403001
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents the objectives, results, and conclusions stemming from a series of six test flights conducted for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) by the National Scientific Balloon Facility (NSBF). Results from the test flights indicate that: (1) the current two U.S. balloon films are capable of being flown at significantly increased flight stress index values; (2) payload weights less than the design minimum payload can be reliably flown without fear of structural failure due to increased circumferential stress; and (3) large and rapid decreases in payload weight can be tolerated by current balloons without structural failure.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-3665 , AIAA International Balloon Technology Conference; Oct 08, 1991 - Oct 10, 1991; Albuquerque, NM; United States
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