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  • Articles  (10,564)
  • 1975-1979  (10,186)
  • 1945-1949  (378)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (10,564)
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  • Articles  (10,564)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS TO BE ELECTED IN 1980 (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01165.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A HYDRAULIC TRANSIENT MODEL OF THE UPPER ST. LAWRENCE RIVER FOR WATER RESOURCES STUDIES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A one-dimensional hydraulic transient model has been designed for water resource studies of Lake Ontario and the Upper St. Lawrence River. The model simulates water surface profiles and flows in the St. Lawrence River between Lake Ontario and the Moses-Saunders Power Dam under both open water and ice-covered conditions. Errors in water surface elevations were found to be less than 0.2 feet during quasi-steady conditions on the river. Comparable errors occurred during the ice-covered conditions. A sensitivity analysis found the model to be most sensitive to the roughness coefficients and the flow through the power dam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01168.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In 1976–77, benthic invertebrates were sampled at four sites in a 410-kilometer reach of the lower Mississippi River to define the communities in the river and to determine differences between communities upstream and downstream from the industrial and municipal complexes of Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana. The most common and most numerous organisms collected were Corbicula and tubificid worms. The benthic community structure of the lower Mississippi River is influenced by substrate type and stability, channel geometry, river velocity, vegetation and organic detritus, and salinity. Sampling stations near the left and right banks had low velocities, and substrate types ranged from medium silt to very fine sand. Burrowing organisms such as tubificids, chironomids, and ephemerid-type mayflies dominated these environments. At the center, left-center, and right-center stations, velocities were higher and substrate materials were coarser than at the bank stations; only Corbicula was present in large numbers. Near the river mouth, salinity and aquatic vegetation greatly affect the benthic community structure. Differences in benthic community structure in the Mississippi River are due primarily to different hydrologic conditions. Industrial and municipal wastes discharged into the river appear to have little or no widespread effects on benthic populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01170.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CASE STUDY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AMENDMENTS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A general model of the policy implementation process is utilized to facilitate a discussion of the way Section 208 of PL 92-500 is being carried out on an areawide basis. A study of four “208 areas” in the “New York-Philadelphia corridor” highlights the operation of several variables used in the model. The varying political and socioeconomic conditions in geographic areas which have similar water quality problems are leading to the evolution of vastly different implementing structures, or institutional arrangements. The analysis suggests that these differences may have important implications for the success of the program in each of these areas. A major underlying theme is that such problems are characteristic of the 208 process nationwide and reflect general difficulties associated with managing water quality in a federal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01173.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ALGAL GROWTH IN A NEW SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RESERVOIR (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Some physical and chemical characteristics of Lake Perris, a new southern California reservoir, were investigated with regard to their influence on phytoplankton biomass and community structure. The concentration of three major nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron – was approximately equivalent to the demand ratio of fresh water plants. Large increases in iron and phosphorus concentrations in late summer due to releases from sediments, however, tended to shift the balance toward a nitrogen-limited situation. Nitrogen limitation favored nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, and after a decline of competing algae during the summer, the blue-green population bloomed in September. Series of measurements taken over one-day periods during summer stratification showed that some iron, phosphorus, and manganese from the hypolimnion could move upward, corresponding to diel shifts in the thermocline depth. Vertical transport of nutrients could thus occur long before complete lake mixing and could support summer/fall algal blooms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01174.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LAND-USE AND UPLAND WATER RESOURCES IN BRITAIN - A STRATEGIC LOOK (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Recent results from the Institute of Hydrology's hydrometeorological and hydrological studies on water use by forest and grassland confirm earlier predictions of a reduction in water yields following afforestation. This reduction is due primarily to the increased interception losses from forests. This paper shows how the water yield from uplands is related to the relative proportions of land under forest and hill farming, and estimates how water yields will change if a greater proportion of hill land is afforested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01176.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF FLOOD PLAIN LOCATION ON PROPERTY VALUES: THREE TOWNS IN NORTHEASTERN NEW JERSEY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The persistence of development and settlement in flood plains and continued damages from flooding, raises the question of how property owners respond to flood plain location and whether property values reflect this response. Existing studies disagree on the significance of flood hazard for property values. This study evaluates the effect of flood plain location on assessed valuation and home value in three towns in New Jersey. A t-test on mean assessed value and value of owner-occupied units at block levels showed no statistically significant variation for flood prone and nonflood prone lands. Possible explanations are that homeowners do not know or perceive the risk of living in flood plains, assessors do not incorporate flooding into assessment criteria, and the National Flood Insurance Program subsidies and broadened financial markets may equalize property values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01178.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS ON POWER PLANT SITING IN THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Expansion of the electrical generation system in the Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland power pool will impact, and be constrained by, inland water availability. Future interpretations of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 regarding evaporative cooling towers for coastal power plants, offshore siting and energy centers, and the policies and public acceptability of low flow augmentation reservoirs are some of the issues examined in this paper using scenarios generated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Regional Energy Facility Siting Model (REFS). REFS is a multicommodity, transshipment-location linear programming model used here to allocate power plants among counties in a power pool under a minimization of cost objectives. The solutions are sensitive to the water resources assumptions in the model. For the year 2000, the amount of low flow augmentation allowed in the region's river basins and whether off-shore siting becomes a reality are the two water resources related issues which most affect the scenarios. The results show that decisions regarding specific water problems can have region wide implications for water and nonwater related issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01179.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MANAGING THE RIPPLING STREAM: A MODEL OF DECISIONMAKING IN NATURAL RESOURCE ADMINISTRATION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This article addresses the conflict which exists within the water resources decisionmaking arena over the allocation of water for instream uses. The discussion reviews the literature on public administration regarding decisionmaking, and is based on research performed by the authors which synthesizes a model of decisionmaking. This model can be used as both a description of agency behavior, and as the basis for developing a prescription for strategy formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01182.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TIME BASES OF SIMULATION MODELS AND THEIR STRUCTURE (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The time base of a simulation model can be defined as a combination of two time intervals. One is the interval used for input and internal computations. The second is the interval used for the output and calibration of the model. The time base of a model is related on the one hand to the type of applications for which the simulated data are used, and on the other hand to the structure and complexity of the model. The latter may be represented by the number of parameters employed to specify the operation of the model. Using data typical to relatively small watersheds in a semiarid climate, the interaction between the complexity of a series of models and the time bases used by them was studied. This included the effects of the two factors, time base and complexity, on the values of the optimal parameters, prediction of mean annual flow, and general performance of the models. The main conclusion is that if the acceptable time base is longer, the model can be less complex needing fewer parameters. There is also an advantage in using a time base comprising a shorter input time interval and a longer output time interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01183.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE APPLICATION OF HYDROLOGIC MODELS TO SMALL WATERSHEDS HAVING MILD TOPOGRAPHY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The application of hydrologic models to small watersheds of mild topography is not well documented. This study evaluates the applicability of hydrologic models described by Huggins and the Soil Conservation Service to small watersheds by comparing the simulated and actual hydrograph for both gaged and ungaged situations. The annual maximum rainfall events plus storms exceeding 2.5 inches from 25 years of rainfall and runoff data for two small watersheds were selected for the model evaluations. These storms had a variety of patterns and occurred on many different watershed conditions. Simulated and actual hydrographs were compared using a parameter which contained volume, peak, and shape factors. One-half of the selected storms were used to calibrate the models. For both models, there were no significant differences between the simulated and actual runoff volumes and peak runoff rates. Parameters obtained during the calibration process and relationships developed to estimate antecedent moisture and to modify tabulated runoff curve numbers were used to simulate the runoff hydrograph from the remaining storms. These remaining storms or test storms were simulated only once in order to imitate an ungaged situation. In general, both the Huggins and SCS model performed similarly on the test storms, but the level of model performance was lower than that for the calibration storms. For both models, the two-day antecedent rainfall was more important than the five-day in determining antecedent moisture and modifying tabulated curve numbers. The time of concentration which resulted in good hydrograph simulations was about three times larger than that estimated using published empirical relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01186.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETERMINING THE ACCURACY OF COHERENT OPTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DIATOMS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The discriminating capability of a coherent optical processor in identifying diatom species was tested using 25 species selected by diatom taxonomists. A 25 × 25 matrix of auto- and cross-correlations was used for this purpose. In no case did cross-correlation signals approach the intensity of auto-correlations indicating that false identifications were extremely improbable. Shape and height differences of the cross-correlation signals can be attributed to variations in diatom shapes, sizes, and cell wall morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01187.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WATER RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01192.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Trace Metals in the Environment, Volume 5 – Indium, Ivan C. Smith, Bonnie L. Carson, and Fritz HoffmeisterUnder New Management: Port Growth and Emerging Coastal Management Programs, Marc Hershman, Robert Goodwin, Andrew Routsala, Maureen McCrea, and Yehuda Hayuth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01193.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News and Views (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01195.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FIFTEENTH AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES CONFERENCE AND SYMPOSIUM (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01198.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICKO IBEN AWARD (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01200.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISTINGUISHED SECTION AWARD (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01202.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THIRD ANNUAL EDUCATIONAL WATER FILM FESTIVAL (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01204.x
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  • 20
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    CALL FOR PAPERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01206.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    NEWS OF FRIENDS AND MEMBERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01210.x
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  • 22
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    SCHEDULED MEETINGS OF AWRA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01212.x
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  • 23
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    AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION Statement of Operations Year Endede June 30, 1979 (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01214.x
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  • 24
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    AWRA CORPORATE MEMBERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01217.x
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  • 25
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    PROFESSIONAL SERVICES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01218.x
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  • 26
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    NEW AWRA PUBLICATIONS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01220.x
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  • 27
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    THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP PLAN (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01221.x
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  • 28
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    SEARCHING THE WATER RESOURCES LITERATURE: INDEXING/ABSTRACTING COVERAGE FOR LEADING WATER RESOURCES JOURNALS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC) provides comprehensive indexing/abstracting for the water resources literature. To determine in one objective way the coverage of this information service from a user's point of view, an extensive sampling of the journal literature was used to determine extent to which 10 leading water resources journals are indexed and abstracted by the system. Coverage is so high that some users will want to change toward greater use of the system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01122.x
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  • 29
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    CONFLICTS IN ATTAINING NATIONAL GOALS FOR BOTH WATER QUALITY AND ENERGY PRODUCTION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The “policy environment” is defined herein as the institutional setting in which planning is conducted and policy decisions are made with regard to meeting two of the Nation's high priority goals: water quality protection and energy independence. The simultaneous pursuit of these goals has resulted in numerous conflicts among the energy industry, environmentalists, and government. An analysis of selected energy development-water quality conflicts shows that these conflicts can be described in terms of one or more of the following policy environment characteristics: resource scarcity, sense of urgency, lack of experience, administrative complexity, uncertainty about future policies and regulations, technological complexity, and uncertainty about impacts. These characterics provide a useful framework for formulating potential strategies for the resolution of energy development-water quality conflicts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01124.x
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  • 30
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    RIVER AMENITY EVALUATION: A REVIEW AND COMMENTARY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : During the past 15 years a number of methods have been developed that purport to evaluate the amenity values of rivers. Most methods are designed to identify the physical, biological, cultural, and esthetic features of a river or river corridor that are conducive to recreation, preservation, and other amenity values. This paper reviews and comments on 13 methods that evaluate amenity values. The methods are reviewed and discussed under three general headings: River Recreation Potential Evaluation, River Esthetic Evaluation, and River Preservation Evaluation. A final section of the paper identifies areas where improvements and further research are needed.
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    PHREATOPHYTE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND ITS POTENTIAL REDUCTION WITHOUT ERADICATION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The continuous availability of ground water to riparian phreatophytic vegetation results in large evapotranspiration (ET) losses in summer. Chemical or physical eradication of this vegetation can have undesirable environmental side effects. Spraying phreatophyte foliage with a nontoxic antitranspirant (AT) may reduce transpiration without eradication. Transpiration rate per unit leaf area was similar for several phreatophyte species, but ET per unit land area of phreatophytes depneds more on stand density than species. The mean ET for saltcedar in June was 8.1 mm/day measured by Bowen ratio, compared with 7.9 mm by lysimeters. ATs and growth-retardants reduced transpiration by over 50 percent in laboratory tests where foliage was thoroughly sprayed. In the field AT sprayed by a back-pack mistblower reduced ET by 20–35 percent initially and 10 percent after a month. No ET reduction occurred when AT was sprayed by helicopter on saltcedar, because excessive droplet size and heavy salt deposits on the foliage resulted in poor spray adherence. Wax-based AT was relatively nontoxic to fish and wildlife. Dissolved oxygen could be reduced for aquatic life, but further AT dilution in streams and ponds would minimize this. Helicopter spraying may affect bird nests and egg hatchability. Although ATs significantly reduce ET, their high cost and spraying difficulties preclude current use on phreatophytes. With improvement they may economically help to conserve water in riparian areas in future years.
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    A STATISTICAL MODEL FOR SMALL LAKE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Phosphorus loading tolerances of small lakes are analyzed by means of a statistical model of lake eutrophication based upon the work of Vollenweider and Dillon. Using a sample of 195 midwestern and eastern U. S. lakes, it was found that Vollenweider and Dillon's method of predicting the trophic status of relatively deep, slow-flushing lakes can be applied to shallower lakes with much shorter retention times. The statistical model used to replicate the results of Vollenweider and Dillon is stated in detail, for convenience of application to small lake water quality management problems. The model extends the Vollenweider and Dillon results by associating each alternative phosphorous loading with a probability that a given lake can achieve or maintain noneutrophis status. It is applicable to lakes for which only minimal data are available. The major policy conclusion is that the highly variable tolerance for phosphorus loading must be considered in legislating efficient effluent limitations. The paper concludes with a comparison to a recent contribution employing a similar approach.
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    A SYSTEMS RESOURCES APPROACH TO CITIZEN PARTICIPATION: THE CASE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The thesis of this paper is that the citizen participation process provides necessary, but not sufficient conditions to affect substantive change in federal water resource management agencies' planning and decisionmaking. That is, in its present form, the citizen participation process has been observed to occur outside of the normal decision arenas of federal resource management agencies. The paper reviews concepts of citizen participation and defines some theoretical problems inherent with them. Then, a strategy for the structuring of a citizen participation process is proposed. This strategy is based upon the notion that citizen support for federally sponsored programs are essential if such projects are to be implemented. Therefore, an approach which integrates citizen valves with those held by other institutions and the agency is suggested. In conclusion, the relevancy of actively developing and including citizen input to the water resource planning process is illustrated by a discussion of three cases of the Corps of Engineers and Urban Studies planning process, in different metropolitan regions.
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    LEAST COST SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF EFFLUENT ABATEMENT IN URBAN SYSTEMS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : There is a significant misallocation of resources in the construction and operation of municipal sewage treatment systems in North America. Central to this misallocation is the inadequate evaluation of alternative treatment technologies, alternative distributions of responsibility for waste treatment, and alternative mechanisms for inducing compliance with treatment system requirements. Perverse incentives in the current institutional structure limit the scope of alternatives examined by decisionmakers. Determination of the least cost solution to the problem of urban effluent abatement requires mathematical modeling for the delineation of optimal treatment strategies on a system wide basis. The adoption of modern methods of systems analysis can identify significant opportunities for the reduction of economic waste in the treatment of municipal sewage.
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    EFFECTS OF PRO-NOXFISH® ON THE BENTHOS AND ZOOPLANKTON OF BUG LAKE, FOREST COUNTY, WISCONSIN (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A concentration of 2.5 mg/1 Pro-Noxfish® (0.063 mg/1 rotenone and 0.063 mg/1 sulfoxide) was applied to Bug Lake, Wisconsin, on November 17, 1975. There was an immediate toxicity to zooplankton and Chironomus. All taxa of benthic organisms and zooplankton that were present before toxicant application survived the treatment except for Pleuroxus denticulatus which was collected in only one sample before treatment. Comparable densities of benthic and zooplankton taxa were found on individual sampling dates before and after treatment; however, mean densities of trichopterans and dipterans were lower after treatment. The high variance in the samples along with the change in fish population after treatment are believed responsible for this indicated change in benthos density rather than the effects of the rotenone.
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    RECREATION AT THE MC CLELLAN-KERR ARKANSAS RIVER NAVIGATION SYSTEM (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Recreation has produced substantial employment, incomes, economic development, and migration impacts since completion of the McCle-lan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System. These impacts support the influence of navigation, hydropower, flood control, and channel stabilization outputs on regional development. The marked success is not without substantial costs in public resources, including manpower which are devoted to recreational management. Increasing the share of financial resources obtained from recreational users and transfer of management responsibilities to nonfederal agencies, including private concessionaires is recommended.
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    COMPUTER BASED METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF NONSTRUCTURAL FLOOD MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The suggested methodology matches flooding risks to development classes. The matching process is accomplished on a mapping grid basis. Flooding risks include stage and velocity measures. Development classes are based on size and building material parameters for residential, commercial, industrial, and public structures. A computer program counts structures requiring predetermined nonstructural measures given the flooding variables, development classes, and desired effectiveness levels in question. A case study is presented to demonstrate data collection techniques, output, and the use of output in developing nonstructural mixes.
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    OPTIMIZATION OF DUAL-MEDIA FILTER PERFORMANCE (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Rapid-rate filter with sand or anthracite as filter media was studied at filtration rates of 4.5 and 9.0 m3/m2-h. Different parameters were evaluated by adopting a proposed simplified model. A suitable combination of anthracite-sand as filter media was given by using corresponding filter parameters of single-medium filters and break-even optimization technique.
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    “Evapotranspiration From Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Texas Reservoirs,” by A. R. Benton, Jr., W. P. James, and J. W. Rouse, Jr. (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    “Evapotranspiration From Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Texas Reservoirs,” (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    INTERSTATE WATER POLLUTION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING Fifth Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    NEWS OF FRIENDS AND MEMBERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    WELCOME TO NEW MEMBERS of the American Water Resources Association (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    PROFESSIONAL SERVICES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    MEMBERSHIP IN AWRA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    DETERMINISTIC HYDROLOGIC MODELING OF GRAZING SYSTEM IMPACTS ON INFILTRATION RATES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Techniques for predicting the hydrologic effects of grazing schemes have heretofore been unavailable. The available literature on grazing intensity influences on infiltration rates is used as a basis for a model of infiltration behavior in response to grazing systems. Background, development, cautions, and an example are given.
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    URBANIZATION AND STREAM QUALITY IMPAIRMENT (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A study was conducted in the Piedmont province of Maryland to determine if a relationship exists between stream quality and the extent of watershed urbanization. During the first phase of the study 27 small watersheds, having similar characteristics but varied according to land use, were investigated. Using these controlled conditions, eliminating as many interferences as possible, this first phase was intended to determine if a definite relationship did exist between the two factors. Finding that the first phase was successful the second was initiated which consisted of a comparison of biological sampling data, from other studies, with degree of watershed urbanization. The purpose of this second phase was to ascertain if the relationship between degrees of urbanization and decline in stream quality was linear as watershed area increased and in streams spread throughout the Maryland Piedmont. The principal finding of this study was that stream quality impairment is first evidenced when watershed imperviousness reaches 12%, but does not become severe until imperviousness reaches 30%.
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    PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE FOX CHAIN OF LAKES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : As part of a comprehensive water quality investigation on the Fox Chain of Lakes during May to October 1975, water samples from the Chain and Cedar Lake (reference) at 25 locations were collected weekly or bi-weekly to determine the species and densities of algae. The results have been evaluated for algal composition, density, and succession for each location.Sixty-four algal species were recovered from 414 samples. The number of species per sampling location varied from 10 at Channel Lake and Lake Marie to 26 on Fox Lake (main) and Grass Lake. Blue green algae were predominant and occurred at 25 of the 25 sampling stations. They consisted mainly of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The only flagellate of importance was Ceratium hirundinella, and significant concentrations of this organism were limited to Channel Lake and Lake Catherine. The only green alga bloom was created by Ulothrix variabilis on the waters of Pistakee Lake. Diatoms were quite significant on the shallower water bodies.Algal densities ranged from about 25 to 14,000 cts/ml. The highest count occurred on Mineola Bay. Other high counts (〉10,000 cts/ml) observed were waters taken from Channel Lake, Grass Lake, and Fox Lake (main). In Grass Lake, 60 percent of the collections had algal densities in excess of 2,000 cts/ml. Most of these were the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana.
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    PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF PRICE RIVER BASIN SALT PICKUP AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Price River is a significant contributor of salt to the Colorado River. Relatively pristine waters leaving the upper elevations of the basin degenerate into highly saline waters entering the Green River. The primary reason for this deterioration is the contact of the water with the Mancos shale, a marine deposit underlying most of the central basin. This paper presents the structure of an evolving model of the salt pick-up and transport processes in the Price River basin. The initial purpose of the model is to aid in the identification of the natural and man-modified hydro-salinity-sediment system of the basin, based on data collection and analysis in the field and the laboratory. This identification procedure will result in both a better qualitative understanding of the important physiochemical processes, and in a mathematical description of these processes. When the identification stage is complete, the model will be used as a management tool for such purposes as examining various strategies for reducing salt loads in the Price River and in other similar rivers.
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    A MULTIOBJECTIVE MODEL FOR REGIONAL WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Linear programming is the simplest of all the optimization techniques used in regional water quality management studies; but the technique can optimize only one goal. When there are multiple goals with the same or different priorities, goal programming is a useful decisionmaking tool. This paper illustrates the application of goal programming to a regional water quality management problem where the following two goals are considered: (1) minimize the total cost of waste treatment, and (2) maintain the water quality goals (dissolved oxygen) close to the minimum level stated in the stream standards.
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    AN ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AROUND LAKES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The objective of the study was to evaluate alternative land developments around New Hampshire lakes. Alternative development patterns, evaluated by their impacts on the lake area environment and area economy, included residential patterns, commercial patterns, and combinations of these two types. Phosphorus loading of the lake water was used as a proxy variable for changes in the lake water quality. Commercial developments yielded the highest revenues to the town and the local area. It also attracted the most lake users to the area as well as contributing the largest phosphorus loading in the lake waters. Residential developments, although contributing high revenues to the businessmen in the area, yielded less net income to the town. Phosphorus loading levels from residential developments were much lower than lake phosphorus loading by commercial developments.
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    TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE NUTRIENT EXPORT OF RIVERS DRAINING INTO THE BAY OF QUINTE, ONTARIO, CANADA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Annual exports of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total nitrogen are presented for the period 1965–1974, for five rivers draining into the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario.The export values are typical for the physiography and land use though the results indicate that soluble reactive phosphorus exports for the four largest rivers have been declining. Also the variation in export of total phosphorus and total nitrogen is highly correlated with variation in annual runoff. This is noted as being a factor deserving more attention in future efforts to classify nutrient export values in relation to land use and geology.
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    EXTENSION OF RIVER FLOW RECORDS IN ARGENTINA FROM LONG TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Tree-ring chronologies were derived from two coniferous species growing in the foothills of the Patagonian Andes of Argentina, using crossdating and standardization techniques developed by the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. Seven of these chronologies were selected, along with data from two long reliable gaging stations to reconstruct annual stream-flow for two major rivers extending back to the year 1601. Calibration between tree-ring and river flow data was established using the multivariate technique of canonical analysis. Correlations of 0.73 were obtained between gaged and reconstructed flow for both rivers. These Andean conifers contain good climatic and hydrological information and tree-ring chronology and calibration techniques are capable of extracting much of this information.
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    PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN URBAN RUNOFF (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Estimates were made of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution loadings reaching the Delaware Estuary by determining storm event loadings of hydrocarbons from four storm sewers, draining areas of different land uses. Although refinery effluents constituted the largest source of petroleum pollution in 1975, it appears that after completion of currently required treatment processes urban runoff will be the largest remaining source of petroleum pollution. The petroleum in urban runoff resembles used crankcase oil in composition and contains toxic chemicals such as polynuclear hydrocarbons. Further research is clearly desirable. Remedial programs to control such pollution may be warranted on the basis of information now available.
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    HIERARCHICAL DIVERSITY OF COMMUNITIES OF AQUATIC INSECTS AND FISHES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Hierarchical diversity analysis of data on fish and aquatic insects showed that the component of diversity contributed by the species level was generally very small compared with the component at the generic level or with the total diversity. Very high rank correlations between generic diversity, in which genera were discriminated but not identified, and species diversity suggested that the purposes of environmental monitoring might best be served by working at the generic level rather than the species level. This is particularly true when an index of diversity is to be used as the major comparative and communicative tool. The savings of time and money could be appreciable.
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    INTERACTIVE COMPUTER-AIDED HYDRAULIC DESIGN: CULVERTS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Regular use of interactive computer programs in hydraulic design can materially increase the productivity of designers without sacrificing accuracy. This article considers the hydraulic design of culverts by interactive use of a computer program; this approach most profitably combines the speed and accuracy of the computer with the experience of the designer.
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    “Ammonia in Texas Streams During Low Flow From Municipal Wastewater” (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    “Municipal Water Conservation Alternatives,” by William E. Sharpe (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    “Municipal Water Conservation Alternatives” (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    “Ammonia in Texas Streams During Low Flow From Municipal Wastewater” (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:… and the Desert Shall Rejoice: Conflict, Growth and Justice in Arid Environments, Arthur Maass and Raymond L. Anderson.
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    TWO ENFORCEMENT PROBLEMS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    INSTITUTES AND WORKSHOPS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    STATE SECTIONS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    STUDENT CHAPTERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    WELCOME TO NEW MEMBERS of the American Water Resources Association (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    CORPORATE MEMBERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    AWRA CORPORATE MEMBERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    FIFTEENTH AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES CONFERENCE “Water Resources Management in a Changing Society” and SYMPOSIUM on “The Use of Scientific Information in Planning for Environmental Quality Objectives” (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    WATER QUALITY IN MOUNTAIN RECREATIONAL AREAS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Several seasons of water quality study in the eastern Sierra Nevada have provided much useful information. One study element focused in detail on a representative drainage: Bishop Creek, from sampled locations at 12,800 feet to the Owens River at 4,000 feet. Sub-studies ranged from geohydrology, through chemical and bacterial quality, to benthic ecology. A coordinated study also was made of spatial patterns of use. A second element focused on non-point source monitoring the length of the Inyo National Forest. From physical, chemical, and bacterial standpoints, water quality is generally very good. Strains of pathogenic bacteria have been confirmed, and substantial further work to establish the importance of their presence is needed. Recreational use survey results have been analyzed to produce a methodology permitting management of the resource as needed. In addition, basic policy recommendations to easily minimize risk have been developed.
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    OPTIMUM ALTERNATIVES FOR CONTROLLING COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS - A CASE STUDY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Frequent high quantity overflows of combined sewage entering the Mississippi River near the city of Red Wing, Minnesota, have degraded water quality and caused concern among federal and state environmental agencies. The city of Red Wing was required to conduct a comprehensive waste control study, as part of the sewer system Construction Grant (Section 201 of PL 92–500), to identify alternative waste control and treatment measures and to recommend the optimum combination of alternatives in terms of both cost and waste control effectiveness. The study involved these basic steps: determination of present and future (year 2020) sanitary flow rates and volumes, storm runoff discharges, frequencies and volumes, and combined sewage bypass volumes; identification of alternative waste control measures; elimination of unfeasible alternatives; detailed analysis of the hydrologic, economic, and waste control feasibility of the promising alternatives; selection of the optimum combination of alternative waste control measures to satisfy the study objectives, and determination of construction priorities for the optimum control measures. Because of an uncertain budget and undetermined conditions of state and federal assistance, the city has not yet selected the optimum waste control measure for its needs. When the decisionmaking process between representatives of the city and the state commences, the optimum combination of waste control alternatives can be easily identified using the results of this study.
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    DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF A WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE DESIGN (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A water balance model was developed to predict daily water table depths in some corn fields with or without subsurface drainage systems, using pertinent soil and water properties and weather data. The model outputs were compared with the recorded data of observed water table depths. Some statistical parameters such as the mean, standard deviation, the coefficient of correlation, the sum of the squares of deviations, and a nonparametric statistical test were used to study the extent of agreement between the observed and the predicted water table depths. No significant difference was found between the distributions of the observed and the predicted water table depths at the 99% confidence level. The study was conducted on some sand and clay soils of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowlands region in Canada where there is a cool, moist climate and poor natural drainage.
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    WHAT PRICE, REJECT HEAT? (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Increasing energy costs encourage more efficient energy use, including the better use of reject heat from electrical generating stations. Whether it pays to use this heat depends on the price charged. There is to date no relevant market in Canada. This paper estimates lower and upper bounds on the price for reject heat as a first step in determining market feasibility. Price would then be resolved by negotiation. For the case study of Ontario greenhouses, the differential between lower and upper bounds is substantial. An assumed price resolution is consistent with profitable use of this reject heat by this greenhouse industry.
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    DECISION PARAMETERS FOR COMBINED USE OF EFFLUENT DISCHARGES, SURFACE FLOWS, AND GROUND WATER (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Decision parameters affecting combined use of effluent discharges and surface flows and ground water available at Gillespie Dam on the Gila River in Arizona are identified and analyzed. Hydrologic, economic, legal, and institutional parameters are considered separately and in combination. The interrelationships of irrigation subsystems, water use functions, institutional involvement, economic and legal constraints are illustrated. Recent hydrologic studies indicate that the natural flow of the Gila River will increase with the discharge of Phoenix sewage effluent and then there will be a drastic decline when the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station commences in 1985. Competition for any increases in effluent discharges and surface flows could be ameliorated through the combined efforts of existing or reorganized entities resulting in sharing of costs and benefits. The analysis leads to recommendations concerning joint use of facilities, proration of fixed and variable costs, and creation of a mutual water company.
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    RIVER RECREATION: PUBLIC ACCESS VS. RIPARIAN RIGHTS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The issues involved in the conflict between the rights of the public and those of riparian landowners are examined by reviewing the public access situation with regard to inland streams in the State of Virginia. Consideration is given to the legal framework defining access rights and to the attitudes of riparian landowners regarding the access question. Existing provisions of law suggest only limited recognition of public rights, but this law is incompletely developed. A considerably broader concept of public rights could be developed within the existing framework due to the existence of unresolved questions. The analysis of landowner attitudes is based on a survey of a sample of riparian owners chosen from throughout the state. The questionnaire used in the survey contained 123 questions in a variety of areas, including landowners' perceptions of public rights, problems encountered as the result of recreational water use, attitudes toward state designation and protection of scenic rivers, and the acceptability of alternatives for increasing public access. Although the survey results indicate substantial acceptance of the concept of public use, the landowners expressed concern over governmental control of land use and did not indicate a generally acceptable means for increasing public use.
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    HYDROLOGICAL, METEOROLOGICAL, AND AGRICULTURAL RELATIONS IN NORTHERN IRAQ (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The northern regions of Iraq, an area comprised of mountains and undulating plains, has for centuries been the main granary for the country. Its agricultural production is largely dependent upon natural rainfall which ranges from about 300 to 1,000 mm/yr. Grain yields can be greatly improved by use of improved varieties and management practices. Equations are developed to show relationships between various hydrologic and meteorologic parameters with yields of wheat and barley. The amount of supplementary water needed to maximize grain yields is also shown.
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    APPLICATION OF FAIRNESS CONSIDERATIONS TO PHOSPHORUS CONTROL POLICIES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Alternate solutions to a contemporary water resource management problem are developed: 53 municipalities in Wisconsin's Lake Michigan watershed must reduce their phosphorus input to the lake by 85 percent of their influent load. Different definitions of fairness, based on legal and philosophical principles, form the foundation for 18 distinct policy options. The definitions of fairness include: (1) contractual agreement; (2) precedent; (3) the market system; (4) egalitarianism; and (5) equal treatment of equals and differential treatment of unequals, with equals defined in terms of need, worth, ability to pay, who receives the benefits, and the dictates of existing technology. Two alternatives are seen to dominate: (A) municipalities could form contractual relationships to meet the removal requirement as groups, and enjoy least cost operating schedules that save money for members of each group; and (B) whereas 20 of the municipalities collect 91 percent of all phosphorus collected in the watershed, a removal of 90 percent of their influent phosphorus alone ensures that the watershed meets the standard. Under this option, the other 33 municipalities are not required to remove phosphorus. Reasons for the dominance of the two policies are discussed in detail.
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    CITY OF TUCSON WASTE WATER EFFLUENT DELIVERY FACILITY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Tucson area is totally dependent on ground water, which is in increasingly short supply due to excessive overdrafts. Tucson area waste water treatment plants discharge material quantities of secondary effluent downstream, which is lost to evapotranspiration and recharge of the ground water basin. The city and the four large mining companies who share the common Santa Cruz basin ground water, recognized the common water supply problem and agreed to fund a feasibility study for mining process use of the effluent to partly alleviate the overdraft of ground water. The study analyzed the projected waste water effluent resources, potential mining company demand for waste water effluent and possible interface of an effluent delivery facility with the proposed Central Arizona Project. The effluent resources were analyzed with respect to potential demand. An optimum alignment was selected. An optimum system was detailed through design schematics, amortized cost and finance requirements, and an implementation schedule. It was concluded that a waste water effluent delivery facility could be implemented which would utilize reclaimed effluent in quantities approximating 35 percent of basin overdraft and which would provide revenue for full cost recovery over a 20 year operation period. The mining companies are studying the internal economic impacts of the project.
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    PLANNING UNDEVELOPED LAKESHORE (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Private lakeshore development usually precedes establishment of public lake access. As a result, the best access areas are often occupied before public access is provided. The public then has a problem to provide access for nonriparian citizens. This problem can be anticipated and prevented by classifying undeveloped lakeshore areas according to suitability for both private and public uses, and incorporating appropriate recommendations into the municipal, comprehensive land use plan. To accomplish this, a site evaluation system has been developed which numerically rates the lakeshore for each of four public uses: public beaches, picnic areas, boat access areas, and public marinas; and two private uses: private marinas and vacation homes. Ratings are developed for: slope, soil suitability, shoreland type, water quality, site location, scenery, and road access. These ratings are combined with a statement of public goals developed from attitude surveys to produce a lakeshore land use plan. The plan recommends that lakeshore areas best suited for private development are so used, and areas best suited for public use are reserved for that purpose. This site evaluation system is demonstrated by a case study on Lake Champlain in Ferrisburg, Vermont.
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    CHANNEL MODIFICATION AND MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN SMALL STREAMS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The principal objective of this study was to investigate the long-term, temporal effect of channel modification in the diversity of macroinvertebrates. Correlation analyses suggest that aquatic macroinvertebrate communities stabilize shortly after channel modification. This conclusion is based on correlation analyses including five widely accepted diversity indices for stream reaches that have undergone channel work from less than 1 year to more than 30 years prior to the study.
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    WATER HARVESTING TREATMENT EVALUATION AT GRANITE REEF (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Yearly runoff efficiencies (total runoff/total precipitation), threshold retentions (precipitation needed to initiate runoff), and runoff-efficiencies-after-thresholds were determined for several water-harvesting catchment treatments at the Granite Reef test site. This information was found to be useful for showing (1) overall performance of catchments with time; (2) the distribution of the precipitation among runoff, surface retention, and infiltration; (3) why, how, and when certain treatments weathered and failed; (4) when to repair treatments; and (5) how to design catchments (size, site preparation, material selection, etc.). New impermeable membranes with smooth surfaces yielded nearly 100% of the precipitation. An asphalt-fiberglass treatment continues this high efficiency after 10 years of weathering – polyethylene after 8; efficiency of butyl sheeting was high initially but decreased rapidly after 9 years weathering. A standard roofing treatment retained up to 30% of the precipitation in the gravel covering. A concrete catchment lost as much as 50% of the total precipitation through micropores and surface cracks. Silicone treatments rapidly lost repellancy and efficiency, while paraffin treatments have weathered 5 years with little loss of efficiency.
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    “Management of Flooding in a Fully-Developed Low-Cost Housing Neighborhood,” by J. I. Novoa and A. H. Halff (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    News and Views (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    STATE SECTIONS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    SCHEDULED MEETINGS OF AWRA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00413.x
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    AWRA INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00416.x
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    FIFTEENTH AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES CONFERENCE “Water Resources Management in a Changing Society” and SYMPOSIUM on “The Use of Scientific Information in Planning for Environmental Quality Objectives” (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00417.x
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    DISTRICTS, DIRECTORS, AND SECTION OFFICERS OF AWRA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00420.x
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  • 91
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    AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION FIFTH ANNUAL WILLIAM T. PECORA MEMORIAL SYMPOSIUM (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00332.x
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  • 92
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    IRRIGATION PLANNING BASED ON WATER DEFICITS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The deliberate underwatering of a larger land area, as practiced in Southern Asia, has provided impetus for a systematic investigation into the effects of designing projects for crop water deficits on Benefit-Cost performance. The study began with the derivation, from published experimental results, of functions relating ultimate crop yield to the magnitude and timing of water deficits, i.e., of the productivity of irrigation water. To obtain the net benefit of the project, the relation between the harvested area and output and the on-farm production costs was then suggested. The cost of supplying the irrigation water to the proposed area and of distributing and applying it to the field was determined, thus completing the Benefit-Cost equation. A computer simulation model was then established to search for the irrigation project design capacity and area to maximize the net present value in the Benefit-Cost analysis for the development proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00334.x
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  • 93
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    CURRENT USE OF WATER SURFACE ZONING FOR RECREATION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : As the many recreational uses of waterways have intensified, management agencies have increasingly turned to water surface zoning techniques to provide safe, equitable opportunities while also protecting aquatic habitats. Other publications have described the concept of water surface zoning; the study reported on was conducted to determine its current use nationwide. Depending on jurisdiction of the water surface in question and state legislation to zone water surfaces, nonfederal zoning regulations sometimes emanate directly from state government, and sometimes involve direct state and local government cooperation. Results of a national survey show that water surface zoning techniques employed by state and local governments in 1976–77 fall into five broad categories: restrictions on boat speed and horsepower, special use zoning, time zoining, protective space zoning, and limited density zoning. Examples of each are reported on in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00336.x
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    EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE GARRISON DIVERSION UNIT (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Garrison Diversion Unit is a multipurpose water resources project which is currently under development for the purpose of diverting water from the Missouri River basin to irrigate farmland in North Dakota. Due to the objections raised by various interest groups, the project has recently been reviewed by the International Joint Commission. This article surveys the background to the project and the various alternatives that have been proposed. By utilizing recently developed fuzzy set techniques, the proposed alternatives are evaluated and a plausible solution is proposed. The results of the study indicate that it may be advisable to remove the Souris Loop irrigation area from the Garrison project but the environmental impacts of the study may preclude the implementation of any alternative that can affect Canada. These findings are in partial agreement with the recommendations of the International Joint Commission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00338.x
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  • 95
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    RAINFALL ADDITAMENTS TO SUBSURFACE WATER IN A YOUNG PINE PLANTATION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Effective rainfall is virtually equal to throughfall under most forest canopies. Average throughfall (as measured in trough gauges for a series of rainfall events) increased systematically with distance from tree stems in a young pine plantation. Empirical data suggest that the increase is proportional to the fourth root of distance, but any physical meaning of the relationship is obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00340.x
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    WILD RIVERS - METHODS FOR EVALUATION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Two analytical methods are presented and demonstrated for evaluating the monetary and nonmonetary benefits of wild rivers. In the traditional benefit-cost context special techniques are required to show that any wild river is worthy of preservation. The methods presented allow for the possibility of low development levels in river basins to be optimal, although advanced development can also be shown to be most efficient in some circumstances. That is, the methods are not directed to the wild condition only but to the entire spectrum of development possibilities.The applications of the methods to two adjacent subbasins in the State of Washington each showed that the currently undeveloped basin should be left in its wild condition, while the partially developed basin next door should be developed even more fully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00343.x
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    HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND RESPONSE TOWARDS STORM HAZARD IN WEST VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Human behavior and response towards storm hazard are examined in this study. One-hundred and twenty flood victims in West Vancouver, British Columbia, were administered a sentence completion test to ascertain how these victims behaved and responded to the flash flood of July 12, 1972. The sentence completion test consisted of 11 sentence stems. Seven of these dealt with the respondent's behavior toward the storm experience, and four with the issue of internal vs. external locus of control.Completions of the seven sentence stems at three time situations showed that West Vancouverites expressed the normal reactions of fear and anxiety before the storm; showed negative emotions during the storm; and displayed a feeling of mutual cooperation after the storm. Completions of the remaining four sentence stems revealed that West Vancouverites emphasized the importance of internal factors, viz., autonomy, drive and hard work, in controlling their lives. They recognized God as a benevolent - protective and almighty - powerful figure. Forty percent of the respondents did not believe in luck, while 8 percent regarded it as important in their lives. One might conclude that West Vancouverites could cope with natural hazardous threats better than those who rely on external factors in directing their lives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00342.x
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    EVALUATION OF HYDROLOGIC MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A growing concern for environmental quality paralleled with increasing demands on our forest resources has prompted the Washington State Department of Natural Resources to evaluate simulation modeling as a technique for analyzing management decisions in terms of their environmental effects. The evaluation focused on a system of integrated models developed at the University of Washington which simulate processes and activities within the forest ecosystem. A major part of the system is a hydrologic model which predicts changes in discharge, stream temperature, and concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved oxygen based on information generated by other models representing intensive management practices. The evaluation consisted of applying the system to a 72,000 acre tract of forest land, validating the models with two years of discharge and water quality data from a 93,000 acre watershed, and determining the pertinence of hydrologic modeling for management purposes. Results show several potential uses of hydrologic modeling for forest management planning, especially for analyzing the effects of timber harvesting strategies on water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00348.x
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    IMPROVING IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE INDUS BASIN (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Over half of the water delivered from the canal system to the watercourses managed by the farmers is not made available to the farmers' crops in Pakistan. Most of this water loss is due to loss of water through the banks of the watercourses. Lack of maintaining these banks and lack of cleaning the watercourse is a result of inadequate organization of the 10 to 150 farmers who use the watercourse, and a deficiency of knowledge concerning the amount of their water which is being lost.Various methods of watercourse improvement have been evaluated including concrete and masonry linings and simple earthen improvements of the ditches with concrete control structures, junctions, and turnouts. With the cost of labor low in Pakistan, the earthen improvements with concrete structures appear to be the best investment.Farm water management improvement programs have been implemented in most of the provinces which include this type of watercourse improvement, land leveling and advice to the farmers on how and when to irrigate his crops to optimize his production.The rate at which personnel can be trained to help the farmers implement these improved water management practices is limiting the rate of implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00349.x
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    A WATER RESOURCE PLANNING PROCEDURE FOR RURAL TOWNS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Six new techniques have been developed for lake watershed analysis and water resource management. The techniques are for determining: (1) watershed land use intensity with reference to water quality, (2) lake vulnerability, (3) water quality, (4) watershed carrying capacity, (5) the economic value of the lake, and (6) the potential of undeveloped lake-shore. These analyses are designed for use by rural planning commissions with guidance and assistance from state agencies and the state university. The comprehensive rural watershed land and water use plan developed by this procedure is inexpensive in time and money, understandable by the layman, and scientificially sound. It is based on presently available information. This water resource planning procedure has been demonstrated in several town planning projects. It is suggested that this method, or modification of it, could be adopted in all rural states by action by a few administrators and without any new enabling or appropriations legislation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb00350.x
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