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Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction: The Climate Change Problem and Solutions Part 1: Theory 2. The Basis of an Obligation Towards Future Generations in Justice and Ethics in the Context of Climate Change 3. Content of Justice-based Obligations Towards Future Generations in the Context of Climate Change Part II: International Law and Politics 4. Current International Law, Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change 5. International Human Rights Law, Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change 6. Climate Change Discources and Intergenerational Justice Part III: The Way Forward and Conclusion 7. The Way Forward – Incorporating Intergenerational Justice Principles into International Climate Law 8. Conclusion Bibliography Index

Note: 1. Introduction : high hopes and down-to-earth realism / Frans Oosterhuis and Patrick ten Brink2. A global survey of potentially environmentally harmful subsidies / Ronald Steenblik -- 3. Hidden subsidies : the invisible part of the EHS iceberg / Sirini Withana ... [et al.] -- 4. Can we recognise an environmentally harmful subsidy if we see one? / Jan Pieters -- 5. Quantifying the impacts of environmentally harmful subsidies / Cees van Beers and Jeroen van den Bergh -- 6. Energy subsidies / Frans Oosterhuis and Katharina Umpfenbach -- 7. Environmentally harmful subsidies in the transport sector / Laurent Franckx and Inge Mayeres -- 8. Agriculture, food and water / Frans Oosterhuis and Kris Bachus -- 9. Environmentally harmful subsidies and biodiversity / Patrick ten Brink ... [et al.] -- 10. Reforming EHS in Europe : success stories, failures and agenda setting / Jacqueline Cottrell -- 11. Phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies worldwide / Anja von Moltke -- 12. Reform of environmentally harmful subsidies : distributional issues / Annegrete Bruvoll and Haakon Vennemo -- 13. The way forward : reforming EHS in the transition to a green economy / Patrick ten Brink, Sirini Withana and Frans Oosterhuis..

Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: The Application of IR Spectroscopy to the Investigation of MineralsThe Discrete Approach -- The Full-Profile Analysis -- Polymerization of coordination polyhedra and structure topology -- Hydrogen-bearing groups and hydrogen bonding -- Solid-solution series -- Force parameters of cations in silicates -- IR spectra of minerals and reference samples data -- Borates, including sulfato-borates and arsenato-borates -- Carbides and carbonates -- Organic compounds and salts of organic acids -- Ammino-complexes, nitrates and sulfato-nitrates -- Oxides and hydroxides -- Fluorides -- Silicates -- Phosphates -- Sulfates, carbonato-sulfates, phosphato-sulfates and sulfides -- Chlorides -- Vanadates and vanadium oxides -- Chromates -- Arsenates, arsenites and sulfato-arsenates -- Selenites, molybdates, tellurites, tellurates, iodites, wolframates and wolfram oxides..

Note: Introduction -- A brief detour: 10 reasons why politicians fail to represent us (and always will) -- Delegation and irreflection: the twin roots of failed political representation -- #1 Discovering citizen deliberation in the Pacific Northwest -- #2 Voting like the Irish while campaigning like the French -- #3 Keeping a tight grip: the Swiss-Oregonian lock -- #4 Learning from the British tabloid press -- #5 Recovering our distance vision in Saint Petersburg -- Conclusion -- Postscript.

Note: Machine generated contents note: Introduction J. Stripple and H. Bulkeley; Part I. Governmentality, Critical Theory and Climate Change: 1. Bringing governmentality to the study of global governance E. Lavbrand and J. Stripple; 2. Experimenting on climate governmentality with actor-network theory A. Blok; 3. Third side of the coin: hegemony and governmentality in global climate politics B. Stephan, D. Rothe and C. Methman; 4. The limits of climate governmentality C. Death; Part II. Cases of Climate Government: Theorising Practice: 5. Neuro-liberal climatic governmentalities M. Whitehead, R. Jones and J. Pykett; 6. Making carbon calculations S. Eden; 7. Smart meters and the governance of energy use in the household T. Hargreaves; 8. Translation loops and shifting rationalities of transnational bioenergy governance J. Kortelainen and M. Albrecht; 9. Governing mobile species in a climate-changed world J. Fall; 10. Measuring forest carbon H. Lovell; 11. Climate security as governmentality: from precaution to preparedness A. Oels; Part III. Future Directions: 12. The rise and fall of the global climate polity O. Corry; 13. Climate change multiple S. Randalls; 14. Reflections and way forward H. Bulkeley and J. Stripple..

Note: Text dt. und engl.

Note: Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; Part I The Arctic Environment; 1 Introduction to the Arctic ,; Abstract; 1.1 Arctic Marine Area; 1.2 Law of the Sea in the Arctic Marine Area; 1.3 Arctic Council; 1.4 Arctic Policies of the EU and US; 1.4.1 EU Arctic Policy and Competences; 1.4.2 US Arctic Policy; 1.5 EU and US Marine Policy; 1.5.1 EU Maritime Policy; 1.5.2 US Ocean Policy; 1.6 Conclusion; References; 2 The Arctic Marine Environment; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Arctic Environment; 2.2.1 Marine Environment; 2.2.2 Land-Based Impacts on the Marine Environment. , 2.3 Specific Threats2.3.1 Climate Change; Sea Ice Reduction; Melting Glaciers and Rising Sea Levels; Greenhouse Gas Release by Melting Permafrost; Ocean Acidification; 2.3.2 Chemicals and Air Pollution; 2.3.3 Fisheries; 2.3.4 Shipping; 2.3.5 Oil and Gas Extraction; 2.3.6 Tourism; 2.3.7 Nuclear and Radioactive Waste (Including Military Use); 2.4 Conclusion; References; 3 Environmental Governance in the Marine Arctic ,; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Environmental Governance; 3.3 Legal and Policy Framework; 3.3.1 Global Agreements and Institutions; 3.3.2 Regional and Sub-Regional Regimes. , 3.3.3 Informal Approaches and Initiatives3.4 Analysis of Governance Shortcomings; 3.5 Perspectives on the Way Forward: Policy Pathways; 3.5.1 Principles of Environmental Governance; 3.5.2 Conclusion and Questions for Discussion; References; 4 Arctic Indigenous Peoples and the Challenge of Climate Change ,; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Arctic Indigenous Peoples; 4.2.1 Traditional Harvesting and Mixed Economies; 4.2.2 Challenges for Indigenous Societies and Culture; 4.2.3 Political and Legal Framework; 4.2.4 Arctic Cooperation. , 4.3 Climate Change Impacts, Stressors, and Indigenous Vulnerability4.3.1 Primary Impacts on Livelihoods, Harvesting, Health, and Infrastructure; 4.3.2 Impacts on Northern Economies, Societies, Cultures and Health; 4.4 Adaptive Capacity and Proposed Responses to Climate Change; 4.4.1 The Concepts of Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity; 4.4.2 Autonomous Adaptations; 4.4.3 Adaptation Planning and Governance; 4.4.4 Barriers to Adaptation; 4.5 Criticism Towards Vulnerability and Adaptation Approaches; 4.5.1 Crisis Narrative and Resilience Language; 4.5.2 Adaptation Governance as Intervention. , 4.5.3 Using Traditional Knowledge4.6 Empowerment as a Primary Response; 4.6.1 Co-management, Participatory Capacities, and Clear Outcomes of Participatory Engagement; 4.6.2 Indigenous Rights; 4.7 Conclusion: A Holistic Response; References; Part II Impacts and Activities in the Marine Arctic; 5 Status and Reform of International Arctic Fisheries Law; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Arctic Fish Stocks, Fisheries, and Climate Change; 5.3 International Legal and Policy Framework for Arctic Fisheries Management; 5.3.1 Interests, Rights, Obligations, and Jurisdiction. , 5.3.2 Substantive Fisheries Standards.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgments. - 1. Data Acquisition and Recording. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Basic Sampling Requirements. - 1.3 Temperature. - 1.4 Salinity. - 1.5 Depth or Pressure. - 1.6 Sea-Level Measurement. - 1.7 Eulerian Currents. - 1.8 Lagrangian Current Measurements. - 1.9 Wind. - 1.10 Precipitation. - 1.11 Chemical Tracers. - 1.12 Transient Chemical Tracers. - 2. Data Processing and Presentation. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Calibration. - 2.3 Interpolation. - 2.4 Data Presentation. - 3. Statistical Methods and Error Handling. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Sample Distributions. - 3.3 Probability. - 3.4 Moments and Expected Values. - 3.5 Common PDFs. - 3.6 Central Limit Theorem. - 3.7 Estimation. - 3.8 Confidence Intervals. - 3.9 Selecting the Sample Size. - 3.10 Confidence Intervals for Altimeter-Bias Estimates. - 3.11 Estimation Methods. - 3.12 Linear Estimation (Regression). - 3.13 Relationship between Regression and Correlation. - 3.14 Hypothesis Testing. - 3.15 Effective Degrees of Freedom. - 3.16 Editing and Despiking Techniques: The Nature of Errors. - 3.17 Interpolation: Filling the Data Gaps. - 3.18 Covariance and the Covariance Matrix. - 3.19 The Bootstrap and Jackknife Methods. - 4. The Spatial Analyses of Data Fields. - 4.1 Traditional Block and Bulk Averaging. - 4.2 Objective Analysis. - 4.3 Kriging. - 4.4 Empirical Orrhogonal Functions. - 4.5 Extended Empirical Orrhogonal Functions. - 4.6 Cyclostationary EOFs. - 4.7 Factor Analysis. - 4.8 Normal Mode Analysis. - 4.9 Self Organizing Maps. - 4.10 Kalman Filters. - 4.11 Mixed Layer Depth Estimation. - 4.12 Inverse Methods. - 5. Time Series Analysis Methods. - 5.1 Basic Concepts. - 5.2 Stochastic Processes and Stationarity. - 5.3 Correlation Functions. - 5.4 Spectral Analysis. - 5.5 Spectral Analysis (Parametric Methods). - 5.6 Cross-Spectral Analysis. - 5.7 Wavelet Analysis. - 5.8 Fourier Analysis. - 5.9 Harmonic Analysis. - 5.10 Regime Shift Detection. - 5.11 Vector Regression. - 5.12 Fractals. - 6. Digital Filters. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Basic Concepts. - 6.3 Ideal Filters. - 6.4 Design of Oceanographic Filters. - 6.5 Running-Mean Filters. - 6.6 Godin-Type Filters. - 6.7 Lanczos-window Cosine Filters. - 6.8 Butterworth Filters. - 6.9 Kaiser-Bessel Filters. - 6.10 Frequency-Domain (Transform) Filtering. - References. - Appendix A: Units in Physical Oceanography. - Appendix B: Glossary of Statistical Terminology. - Appendix C: Means, Variances and Moment,Generating Functions for Some Common Continuous Variables. - Appendix D: Statistical Tables. - Appendix E: Correlation Coefficients at the 5% and 1% Levels of Significance for Various Degrees of Freedom v. - Appendix F: Approximations and Nondimensional Numbers in Physical Oceanography. - Appendix G: Convolution. - Index.

Note: IntroductionThe random universe -- Six degrees of separation -- Small worlds -- Hubs and connectors -- The 80/20 rule -- Rich get richer -- Einstein's legacy -- Achilles' heel -- Viruses and fads -- The awakening Internet -- The fragmented web -- The map of life -- Network economy -- Web without a spider -- Afterlink: Hierarchies and communities..

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 2 Basic theory of quantitative remote sensing 3 Radiometric calibration in thermal infrared 4. Retrieval of land surface emissivity from remotely sensed data 5. Land surface temperature retrieval from thermal infrared data 6. Estimation and validation of evapotranspiration from thermal infrared remote sensing data 7. Application of thermal remote sensing in agriculture drought monitoring and thermal anomaly detection 8. Future development and perspectives Index.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Photo Credits Computer Codes 1 Introduction 1-1 Why Microwaves for Remote Sensing? 1-2 A Brief Overview of Microwave Sensors 1-3 A Short History of Microwave Remote Sensing 1-3.1 Radar 1-3.2 Radiometers 1-4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1-5 Basic Operation and Applications of Radar 1-5.1 Operation of Remote-Sensing Radars 1-5.2 Applications of Remote-Sensing Radars 1-6 Basic Operation and Applications of Radiometers 1-6.1 Radiometer Operation 1-6.2 Applications of Microwave Radiometry 1-7 Image Examples 2 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation 2-1 EM Plane Waves 2-1.1 Constitutive Parameters 2-1.2 Maxwell's Equations 2-1.3 Complex Permittivity 2-1.4 Wave Equations 2-2 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossless Media 2-2.1 Uniform Plane Waves 2-2.2 General Relation between E and H 2-3 Wave Polarization in a Lossless Medium 2-3.1 Linear Polarization 2-3.2 Circular Polarization 2-3.3 Elliptical Polarization 2-4 Plane Wave Propagation in Lossy Media 2-4.1 Low Loss Dielectric 2-4.2 Good Conductor 2-5 Electromagnetic Power Density 2-5.1 Plane Wave in a Lossless Medium 2-5.2 Plane Wave in a Lossy Medium 2-5.3 Decibel Scale tor Power Ratios 2-6 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence 2-6.1 Boundary between Lossless Media 2-6.2 Boundary between Lossy Media 2-7 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence 2-7.1 Horizontal Polarization—Lossless Media 2-7.2 Vertical Polarization 2-8 Reflectivity and Transmissivity 2-9 Oblique Incidence onto a Lossy Medium 2- 10 Oblique Incidence onto a Two-Layer Composite 2-10.1 Input Parameters 2-10.2 Propagation Matrix Method 2-10.3 Multiple Reflection Method 3 Remote-Sensing Antennas 3-1 The Hertzian Dipole 3-2 Antenna Radiation Characteristics 3-2.1 Antenna Pattern 3-2.2 Beam Dimensions 3-2.3 Antenna Directivity 3-2.4 Antenna Gain 3-2.5 Radiation Efficiency 3-2.6 Effective Area of a Receiving Antenna 3-3 Friis Transmission Formula 3-4 Radiation by Large-Aperture Antennas 3-5 Rectangular Aperture with Uniform Field Distribution 3-5.1 Antenna Pattern in x-y Plane 3-5.2 Beamwidth 3-5.3 Directivity and Effective Area 3-6 Circular Aperture with Uniform Field Illumination 3-7 Nonuniform-Amplitude Illumination 3-8 Beam Efficiency 3-9 Antenna Arrays 3-10 N-Element Array with Uniform Phase Distribution 3-10.1 Uniform Amplitude Distribution 3-10.2 Grating Lobes 3-10.3 Binomial Distribution 3-11 Electronic Scanning of Arrays 3-12 Antenna Types 3-12.1 Horn Antennas 3-12.2 Slot Antennas 3-12.3 Microstrip Antennas 3-13 Active Antennas 3-13.1 Advantages of Active Antennas 3-13.2 Digital Beamforming with Active Antennas 4 Microwave Dielectric Properties of Natural Earth Materials 4-1 Pure-Water Single-Debye Dielectric Model (f 〈 50 GHz) 4-2 Saline-Water Double-Debye Dielectric Model (f〈 1000 GHz) 4-3 Dielectric Constant of Pure Ice 4-4 Dielectric Mixing Models for Heterogeneous Materials 4-4.1 Randomly Oriented Ellipsoidal Inclusions 4-4.2 Polder-van Santen/de Loor Formulas 4-4.3 Tinga-Voss-Blossey (TVB) Formulas 4-4.4 Other Dielectric Mixing Formulas 4-5 Sea Ice 4-5.1 Dielectric Constant of Brine 4-5.2 Brine Volume Fraction 4-5.3 Dielectric Properties 4-6 Dielectric Constant of Snow 4-6.1 Dry Snow 4-6.2 Wet Snow 4-7 Dielectric Constant of Dry Rocks 4-7.1 Powdered Rocks 4-7.2 Solid Rocks 4-8 Dielectric Constant of Soils 4-8.1 Dry Soil 4-8.2 Wet Soil 4-8.3 εsoil in 0.3-1.5 GHz Band 4-9 Dielectric Constant of Vegetation 4-9.1 Dielectric Constant of Canopy Constituents 4-9.2 Dielectric Model 5 Radar Scattering 5-1 Wave Polarization in a Spherical Coordinate System 5-2 Scattering Coordinate Systems 5-2.1 Forward Scattering Alignment (FSA) Convention 5-2.2 Backscatter Alignment (BSA) Convention 5-3 Scattering Matrix 5-3.1 FSA Convention 5-3.2 BSA Convention 5-3.3 Stokes Parameters and Mueller Matrix 5-4 Radar Equation 5-5 Scattering from Distributed Targets 5-5.1 Narrow-Beam Scatterometer 5-5.2 Imaging Radar 5-5.3 Specific Intensities for Distributed Target 5-6 RCS Statistics 5-7 Rayleigh Fading Model 5-7.1 Underlying Assumptions 5-7.2 Linear Detection 5-7.3 Square-Law Detection 5-7.4 Interpretation 5-8 Multiple Independent Samples 5-8.1 N-Look Amplitude Image 5-8.2 N-Look Intensity Image 5-8.3 N-Look Square-Root Intensity Image 5-8.4 Spatial Resolution vs. Radiometric Resolution 5-8.5 Applicability of the Rayleigh Fading Model 5-9 Image Texture and Despeckle Filtering . 5-9.1 Image Texture 5-9.2 Despeckling Filters 5-10 Coherent and Noncoherent Scattering 5-10.1 Surface Roughness 5-10.2 Bistatic Scattering 5-10.3 Specular Reflectivity 5-10.4 Bistatic-Scattering Coefficient 5-10.5 Backscattering Response of a Smooth Surface 5-11 Polarization Synthesis 5-11.1 RCS Polarization Response 5-11.2 Distributed Targets 5-11.3 Mueller Matrix Approach 5-12 Polarimetric Scattering Statistics 5-13 Polarimetric Analysis Tools 5-13.1 Scattering Covariance Matrix 5-13.2 Eigenvector Decomposition 5-13.3 Useful Polarimetric Parameters 5-13.4 Image Examples 5-13.5 Freeman-Durden Decomposition 6 Microwave Radiometry and Radiative Transfer 6-1 Radiometric Quantities 6-2 Thermal Radiation 6-2.1 Quantum Theory of Radiation 6-2.2 Planck's Blackbody Radiation Law 6-2.3 The Rayleigh-Jeans Law 6-3 Power-Temperature Correspondence 6-4 Radiation by Natural Materials 6-4.1 Brightness Temperature 6-4.2 Brightness Temperature Distribution 6-4.3 Antenna Temperature 6-5 Antenna Efficiency Considerations 6-5.1 Beam Efficiency 6-5.2 Radiation Efficiency 6-5.3 Radiometer Measurement Ambiguity 6-6 Theory of Radiative Transfer 6-6.1 Equation of Radiative Transfer 6-6.2 Brightness-Temperature Equation 6-6.3 Brightness Temperature of a Stratified Medium 6-6.4 Brightness Temperature of a Scatter-Free Medium 6-6.5 Upwelling and Downwelling Atmospheric Brightness Temperatures 6-7 Terrain Brightness Temperature 6-7.1 Brightness Transmission Across a Specular Boundary 6-7.2 Emission by a Specular Surface 6-7.3 Emissivity of a Rough Surface 6-7.4 Extreme Surface Conditions 6-7.5 Emissivity of a Two-Layer Composite 6-8 Downward-Looking Satellite Radiometer 6-9 Polarimetric Radiometry 6-10 Stokes Parameters and Periodic Structures 7 Microwave Radiometric Systems 7-1 Equivalent Noise Temperature 7-2 Characterization of Noise 7-2.1 Noise Figure 7-2.2 Equivalent Input Noise Temperature 7-2.3 Noise Temperature of a Cascaded System 7-2.4 Noise Temperature of a Lossy Two-Port Device 7-3 Receiver and System Noise Temperatures 7-3.1 Receiver Alone 7-3.2 Total System Including Antenna 7-4 Radiometer Operation 7-4.1 Measurement Accuracy 7-4.2 Total-Power Radiometer 7-4.3 Radiometric Resolution 7-5 Effects of Receiver Gain Variations 7-6 Dicke Radiometer 7-7 Balancing Techniques 7-7.1 Reference-Channel Control Method 7-7.2 Antenna-Channel Noise-Injection Method 7-7.3 Pulsed Noise-Injection Method 7-7.4 Gain-Modulation Method 7-8 Automatic-Gain-Control (AGC) Techniques 7-9 Noise-Adding Radiometer 7-10 Summary of Radiometer Properties 7-11 Radiometer Calibration Techniques 7-11.1 Receiver Calibration 7-11.2 Calibration Sources 7-11.3 Effects of Impedance Mismatches 7-11.4 Antenna Calibration 7-11.5 Cryoload Technique 7-11.6 Bucket Technique 7-12 Imaging Considerations 7-12.1 Scanning Configurations 7-12.2 Radiometer Uncertainty Principle 7-13 Interferometric Aperture Synthesis 7-13.1 Image Reconstruction 7-13.2 MIR Radiometric Sensitivity 7-14 Polarimetric Radiometer 7-14.1 Coherent Detection 7-14.2 Incoherent Detection 7-15 Calibration of Polarimetric Radiometers 7-15.1 Forward Model for a Fully Polarimetric Radiometer 7-15.2 Forward Model for the Polarimetric Calibration Source 7-15.3 Calibration by Inversion of the Forward Models 7-16 Digital Radiometers 8 Microwave Interaction with Atmospheric Constituents 8-1 Standard Atmosphere 8-1.1 Atmospheric Composition 8-1.2 Temperature Profile 8-1.3 Density Profile 8-1.4 Pressure Profi

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating: from archaeology to planetary sciences – introduction / Fred Jourdan, Darren F. Mark and Chrystele Verati / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 1-8, 16 January 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.24 Perspectives on 40Ar/39Ar dating / Ian McDougall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 9-20, 30 September 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.20 Methodological developments Some footnotes to the optimization-based calibration of the 40Ar/39Ar system / Paul R. Renne / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 21-31, 25 July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.17 Neutron-induced 37Ar recoil ejection in Ca-rich minerals and implications for 40Ar/39Ar dating / F. Jourdan and P. R. Renne / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 33-52, 25 July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.15 Direct measurement of recoil effects on 40Ar/39Ar standards / Chris M. Hall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 53-62, 13 March 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.7 FCs-EK: a new sampling of the Fish Canyon Tuff 40Ar/39Ar neutron flux monitor / L. E. Morgan, D. F. Mark, J. Imlach, D. Barfod and R. Dymock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 63-67, 30 September 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.21 Petrology and geochronology of ‘muscovite age standard’ B4M / Alexandra R. Heri, Martin Robyr and Igor M. Villa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 69-78, 24 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.2 Argon extraction from geological samples by CO2 scanning laser step-heating / D. N. Barfod, D. F. Mark, A. Tait, R. C. Dymock and J. Imlach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 79-90, 24 October 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.23 The multi-diffusion domain model: past, present and future / T. Mark Harrison and Oscar M. Lovera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 91-106, 13 March 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.9 Diffusion of Ar in K-feldspar: Present and absent / Igor M. Villa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 107-116, 24 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.4 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and the diffusion of 39Ar in phengite–muscovite intergrowths during step-heating experiments in vacuo / Marnie A. Forster and Gordon S. Lister / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 117-135, 25 July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.16 Ar diffusion and solubility measurements in plagioclases using the ultra-violet laser depth-profiling technique / Jo-Anne Wartho, Simon P. Kelley and Stephen C. Elphick / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 137-154, 25 July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.13 Modelling effect of sericitization of plagioclase on the 40K/40Ar and 40Ar/39Ar chronometers: implication for dating basaltic rocks and mineral deposits / Chrystèle Verati and Fred Jourdan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 155-174, 25 July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.14 The other isotopes: research avenues based on 36Ar, 37Ar and 38Ar / Grenville Turner and Ray Burgess / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 175-188, 13 March 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.8 Applications: Tectonics 40Ar/39Ar Thermochronology on Central China Orogen: Cooling, uplift and implications for orogeny dynamics / Fei Wang, Rixiang Zhu, Quanlin Hou, Dewen Zheng, Liekun Yang, Lin Wu, Wenbei Shi, Huile Feng, Haiqing Sang, Hongyuan Zhang and Qing Liu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 189-206, 24 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.3 40Ar/39Ar ages of crystallization and recrystallization of rock-forming polyhalite in Alpine rocksalt deposits / C. Leitner, F. Neubauer, J. Genser, S. Borojević-Šoštarić and G. Rantitsch / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 207-224, 24 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.5 Persistent long-term (c. 24 Ma) exhumation in the Eastern Alaska Range constrained by stacked thermochronology / Jeff A. Benowitz, Paul W. Layer and Sam Vanlaningham / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 225-243, 20 June 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.12 40Ar/39Ar hornblende provenance clues about Heinrich event 3 (H3) / Greg E. Downing, Sidney R. Hemming, Anne Jost and Martin Roy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 245-263, 30 September 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.18 Observation of centimetre-scale argon diffusion in alkali feldspars: implications for 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology / Stephanie Flude, Alison M. Halton, Simon P. Kelley, Sarah C. Sherlock, James Schwanethal and Camilla M. Wilkinson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 265-275, 10 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.25 Applications: Volcanology 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on the Haifanggou and Lanqi formations: When did the first flowers bloom? / Su-Chin Chang, Haichun Zhang, Sidney R. Hemming, Gary T. Mesko and Yan Fang / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 277-284, 24 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.1 Timing of geothermal activity in an active island-arc volcanic setting: First 40Ar/39Ar dating from Bouillante geothermal field (Guadeloupe, French West Indies) / C. Verati, P. Patrier-Mas, J. M. Lardeaux and V. Bouchot / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 285-295, 30 September 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.19 Applications: Planetary sciences Issues in dating young rocks from another planet: Martian shergottites / Jisun Park, Donald D. Bogard, Laurence E. Nyquist and G. F. Herzog / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 297-316, 20 June 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.10 A laser probe 40Ar/39Ar investigation of poikilitic shergottite NWA 4797: implications for the timing of shock metamorphism / Erin L. Walton, Simon Kelley, Christopher D. K. Herd and Anthony J. Irving / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 317-332, 20 June 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.11 40Ar/39Ar ages of impacts involving ordinary chondrite meteorites / Timothy D. Swindle, D. A. Kring and J. R. Weirich / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 333-347, 24 January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.6 A high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for hydrated impact glass from the Dellen impact, Sweden / D. F. Mark, P. Lindgren and A. E. Fallick / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, 349-366, 30 September 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.22

Note: Machine generated contents note:1. Introduction2. The Investible Agricultural Space3. Climate Change and Agriculture4. Agricultural Risk Management & Insurance5. Biofuels and Agriculture5b. Biofuels and the Sustainability Conundrum6. Financing the Agricultural Firm7. Farmland as an Investible Asset Class7b. Farmland7c. Land Expectation Value and Timberland Valuation8. Advanced Technologies and Agriculture9. Challenges in Agricultural Production and Natural Resources Management10. Sustainability of Agricultural Productivity Growth11. Commodity Derivative Markets11b. Trading Agricultural Commodities11c. Speculation on (Agricultural) Commodity Markets & Financialization of Commodity Price Formation12. The Global Water Challenge13. Future Agricultural Dynamics..

Note: Deducing typesauto -- Moving to Modern C++ -- Smart pointers -- Rvalue references, move semantics, and perfect forwarding -- Lambda expressions -- The concurrency API -- Tweaks..

Note: PART I: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Too Many Levels or Just About Right? Multilevel Governance and Environmental Performance ; PART II: MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE OF WATER RESOURCES ; 3. Subsidiarity as a ‘Scaling Device’ in Environmental Governance: The Case of the European Union ; 4. Multilevel Governance and the Politics of Environmental Water Recoveries ; 5. Playing a Zero Sum Game: Sharing Water between Jurisdictions in Federations ; PART III: MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ; 6. Climate Governance in the European Union Multi-level System: The Role of the Cities ; 7. Bottom-up versus Top-down: The Evolving American Climate Policy Odyssey ; 8. Institutional Strength, Intergovernmental Relations, and National Climate Policy Coordination: Australia and Canada Compared ; 9. Allocating Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Amongst Sectors and Jurisdictions in Federated Systems: The European Union, Germany and Canada ; PART IV: FINDINGS ON EFFECTIVENESS AND GOVERNANCE PATTERNS ; 10. Ensuring the Effectiveness of European Union Environmental Law: From Supranational Lawmaking to Multilevel Enforcement ; 11. What is Multilevel Environmental Governance? When Does It Work?

Note: Cover; Contents; Preface and Overview; Acknowledgments; Introduction to the 2014 Edition; 1. The Distinctiveness of Comparative Social Science; 2. Heterogeneity and Causal Complexity; 3. Case-Oriented Comparative Methods; 4. The Variable-Oriented Approach; 5. Combined Versus Synthetic Comparative Strategies; 6. A Boolean Approach to Qualitative Comparison: Basic Concepts; 7. Extensions of Boolean Methods of Qualitative Comparison; 8. Applications of Boolean Methods of Qualitative Comparison; 9. The Dialogue of Ideas and Evidence in Social Research; Bibliography; Index.

Note: Cover; Copyright; Praise; Introduction; Contents; Section 1: THINK IT; The First Thing to Do When You Find Yourself in a Hole: Stop Digging; Stay Positive; Never Lose Faith; Seven Career Lessons I Learned from Selling Ginsu Knives; A Turning Point; Stop. Breathe. Think. Then Act.; Overcoming Inertia; Overcoming Fear; Keep Swimming; Section 2: DO IT; What Is a Resume?; What Are Managers Looking For?; Dirty Little Resume Secrets; The T-Bomb; Current Experience; What You Do Is More Important than What You're Called; The Top Ten Mistakes Professionals Make When Looking for Work. , Resumes: A SummaryCover Your Letter; Following Up; Getting Interviews; Be Proactive; Be Visible; Social Networking; Four Critical Steps to Getting a Job Offer; Send Out Ships; Gold Calling; Section 3: HAVE IT; Creating the Path; Recession-Proof Your Career; Creating a PR Campaign; Taking the Initiative; Increase Your Ability to Find Work; Advancing Your Career through Personal Branding; Advancing Your Career through Progressive Information Disclosure; Honing Your Workplace Negotiation Skills; The Sky's the Limit; What Are You Waiting For?; About Making Money; Creating the Life You Want. , Recommended ReadingAbout the Author.

Note: Introduction -- Geodetic Data Collection Techniques -- Geodetic datum and Geodetic Control Network -- Geoid and Height System -- Reference Ellipsoid and Geodetic Coordinate System -- Gauss and UTM Conformal Projection and Plane Rectangular Coordinate System -- Establishment of Geodetic Coordinate System

Note: A theory of private authorityAgents of the state : a century of delegation in international environmental lawGovernors of the market : the evolution of entrepreneurial authorityAtmospheric police : delegated authority in the clean development mechanismAtmospheric accountants : entrepreneurial authority and the greenhouse gas protocol..

Note: Contents: Linear Control Systems ; The Dynamic Programming Approach ; Ellipsoidal Techniques: Reachability and Control Synthesis ; Solution Examples on Ellipsoidal Methods: Computation in High Dimensions ; The Comparison Principle: Nonlinearity and Nonconvexity ; Impulse Controls and Double Constraints ; Dynamics and Control Under State Constraints ; Trajectory Tubes State-Constrained Feedback Control ; Guaranteed State Estimation ; Uncertain Systems: Output Feedback Control ; Verification: Hybrid Systems

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1. Relations among Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Cloud Microphysics. - 1.2. The Correspondence Principle. - 1.3. Structure of the Book. - 2. Clouds and Their Properties. - 2.1. Cloud Classification. - 2.2. Cloud Regimes and Global Cloud Distribution. - 2.2.1. Large-Scale Condensation in Fronts and Cyclones. - 2.2.2. Sc-St Clouds and Types of Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer. - 2.2.3. Convective Cloudiness in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. - 2.2.4. Orographic Cloudiness. - 2.3. Cloud Microphysical Properties. - 2.4. Size Spectra and Moments. - 2.4.1. Inverse Power Laws. - 2.4.2. Lognormal Distributions. - 2.4.3. Algebraic Distributions. - 2.4.4. Gamma Distributions. - 2.5. Cloud Optical Properties. - Appendix A.2. Evaluation of the Integrals with Lognormal Distribution. - 3. Thermodynamic Relations. - 3.1. Thermodynamic Potentials. - 3.2. Statistical Energy Distributions. - 3.2.1. The Gibbs Distribution. - 3.2.2. The Maxwell Distribution. - 3.2.3. The Boltzmann Distribution. - 3.2.4. Bose–Einstein Statistics. - 3.2.5. Fermi–Dirac Statistics. - 3.3. Phase Rules. - 3.3.1. Bulk Phases. - 3.3.2. Systems with Curved Interfaces. - 3.4. Free Energy and Equations of State. - 3.4.1. An Ideal Gas. - 3.4.2. Free Energy and the van der Waals Equation of State for a Non-Ideal Gas. - 3.5. Thermodynamics of Solutions. - 3.6. General Phase Equilibrium Equation for Solutions. - 3.6.1. General Equilibrium Equation. - 3.6.2. The Gibbs–Duhem Relation. - 3.7. The Clausius–Clapeyron Equation. - 3.7.1. Equilibrium between Liquid and Ice Bulk Phases. - 3.7.2. Equilibrium of a Pure Water Drop with Saturated Vapor. - 3.7.3. Equilibrium of an Ice Crystal with Saturated Vapor. - 3.7.4. Humidity Variables. - 3.8. Phase Equilibrium for a Curved Interface - The Kelvin Equation. - 3.9. Solution Effects and the Köhler Equation. - 3.10. Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures and Solutions. - 3.10.1. Partial Gas Pressures in a Mixture of Gases. - 3.10.2. Equilibrium of Two Bulk Phases around a Phase Transition Point. - 3.10.3. Raoult’s Law for Solutions. - 3.10.4. Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation. - 3.10.5. Relation of Water Activity and Freezing Point Depression. - 3.11. A diabatic Processes. - 3.11.1. Dry Adiabatic Processes. - 3.11.2. Wet Adiabatic Processes. - Appendix A.3. Calculation of Integrals with the Maxwell Distribution. - 4. Properties of Water and Aqueous Solutions. - 4.1. Properties of Water at Low Temperatures and High Pressures. - 4.1.1. Forms of Water at Low Temperatures. - 4.1.2. Forms of Water at High Pressures. - 4.2. Theories of Water. - 4.3. Temperature Ranges in Clouds and Equivalence of Pressure and Solution Effects. - 4.4. Parameterizations of Water and Ice Thermodynamic Properties. - 4.4.1. Saturated Vapor Pressures. - 4.4.2. Heat Capacity of Water and Ice. - 4.4.3. Latent Heats of Phase Transitions. - 4.4.4. Surface Tension between Water and Air or Vapor. - 4.4.5. Surface Tension between Ice and Water or Solutions. - 4.4.6. Surface Tension between Ice and Air or Vapor. - 4.4.7 Density of Water. - 4.4.8. Density of Ice. - 4.5. Heat Capacity and Einstein-Debye Thermodynamic Equations of State for Ice. - 4.6. Equations of State for Ice in Terms of Gibbs Free Energy. - 4.7. Generalized Equations of State for Fluid Water. - 4.7.1. Equations of the van der Waals Type and in Terms of Helmholtz Free Energy. - 4.7.2. Equations of State Based on the Concept of the Second Critical Point. - Appendix A.4. Relations among Various Pressure Units. - 5. Diffusion and Coagulation Growth of Drops and Crystals. - 5.1. Diffusional Growth of Individual Drops. - 5.1.1. Diffusional Growth Regime. - 5.1.2. The Kinetic Regime and Kinetic Corrections to the Growth Rate. - 5.1.3. Psychrometric Correction Due to Latent Heat Release. - 5.1.4. Radius Growth Rate. - 5.1.5. Ventilation Corrections. - 5.2. Diffusional Growth of Crystals. - 5.2.1. Mass Growth Rates. - 5.2.2. Axial Growth Rates. - 5.2.3. Ventilation Corrections. - 5.3. Equations for Water and Ice Supersaturations. - 5.3.1. General Form of Equations for Fractional Water Supersaturation. - 5.3.2. Supersaturation Relaxation Times and Their Limits. - 5.3.3. E quation for Water Supersaturation in Terms of Relaxation Times. - 5.3.4. Equivalence of Various Forms of Supersaturation Equations. - 5.3.5. Equation for Fractional Ice Supersaturation. - 5.3.6. Equilibrium Supersaturations over Water and Ice. - Liquid Clouds. - Ice Clouds. - Mixed Phase Clouds. - 5.3.7. A diabatic Lapse Rates with Non zero Supersaturations. - 5.4. The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen Process and Cloud Crystallization. - 5.5. Kinetic Equations of Condensation and Deposition in the Adiabatic Process. - 5.5.1. Derivation of the Kinetic Equations. - 5.5.2. Some Properties of Regular Condensation. - 5.5.3. Analytical Solution of the Kinetic Equations of Regular Condensation. - 5.5.4. Equation for the Integral Supersaturation. - 5.6. Kinetic Equations of Coagulation. - 5.6.1. Various Forms of the Coagulation Equation. - 5.6.2. Collection Kernels for Various Coagulation Processes. - Brownian Coagulation. - Gravitational Coagulation. - 5.7. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Equations for Multidimensional Models. - 5.8. Fast Algorithms for Microphysics Modules in Multidimensional Models. - 6. Wet Aerosol Processes. - 6.1. Introduction. - 6.1.1. Empirical Parameterizations of Hygroscopic Growth. - 6.1.2. Empirical Parameterizations of Droplet Activation. - 6.2. Equilibrium Radii. - 6.2.1. Equilibrium Radii at Subsaturation. - 6.2.2. Equilibrium Radii of Interstitial Aerosol in a Cloud. - 6.3. Critical Radius and Supersaturation. - 6.4. Aerosol Size Spectra. - 6.4.1. Lognormal and Inverse Power Law Size Spectra. - 6.4.2. Approximation of the Lognormal Size Spectra by the Inverse Power Law. - 6.4.3. Examples of the Lognormal Size Spectra, Inverse Power Law, and Power Indices. - 6.4.4. Algebraic Approximation of the Lognormal Distribution. - 6.5. Transformation of the Size Spectra of Wet Aerosol at Varying Humidity. - 6.5.1. Arbitrary Initial Spectrum of Dry Aerosol. - 6.5.2. Lognormal Initial Spectrum of Dry Aerosol. - 6.5.3. Inverse Power Law Spectrum. - 6.5.4. Algebraic Size Spectra. - 6.6. CCN Differential Supersaturation Activity Spectrum. - 6.6.1. A rbitrary Dry Aerosol Size Spectrum. - 6.6.2. Lognormal Activity Spectrum. - 6.6.3. Algebraic Activity Spectrum. - 6.7. Droplet Concentration and the Modified Power Law for Drops Activation. - 6.7.1. Lognormal and Algebraic CCN Spectra. - 6.7.2. Modified Power Law for the Drop Concentration. - 6.7.3. Supersaturation Dependence of Power Law Parameters. - Appendix A.6. Solutions of Cubic Equations for Equilibrium and Critical Radii. - 7. Activation of Cloud Condensation Nuclei into Cloud Drops. - 7.1. Introduction. - 7.2. Integral Supersaturation in Liquid Clouds with Drop Activation. - 7.3. Analytical Solutions to the Supersaturation Equation. - 7.4. Analytical Solutions for the Activation Time, Maximum Supersaturation, and Drop Concentration. - 7.5. Calculations of CCN Activation Kinetics. - 7.6. Four Analytical Limits of Solution. - 7.7. Limit #1: Small Vertical Velocity, Diffusional Growth Regime. - 7.7.1. Lower Bound. - 7.7.2. Upper Bound. - 7.7.3. Comparison with Twomey’s Power Law. - 7.8. Limit #2: Small Vertical Velocity, Kinetic Growth Regime. - 7.8.1. Lower Bound. - 7.8.2. Upper Bound. - 7.9. Limit #3: Large Vertical Velocity, Diffusional Growth Regime. - 7.9.1. Lower Bound. - 7.9.2. Upper Bound. - 7.10. Limit #4: Large Vertical Velocity, Kinetic Growth Regime. - 7.10.1. Lower Bound. - 7.10.2. Upper Bound. - 7.11. Interpolation Equations and Comparison with Exact Solutions. - Appendix A.7. Evaluation of the Integrals J2 and J3 for Four Limiting Cases. - 8. Homogeneous Nucleation. - 8.1. Metastable States and Nucleation of a New Phase. - 8.2. Nucleation Rates for Condensation and Deposition. - 8.2.1. Application of Boltzmann Statistics. - 8.2.2. The Fokker–Planck

Note: Cover; Title; Copyright; CONTENTS; Acknowledgments; PART I. THE COMPLEXITY FRAME FOR POLICY; Chapter 1. Twin Peaks; Chapter 2. Government With, Not Versus, the Market; Chapter 3. I Pencil Revisited: Beyond Market Fundamentalism; Chapter 4. The Complexity Policy Frame; PART II. EXPLORING THE FOUNDATIONS; Chapter 5. How Economics Lost the Complexity Vision; Chapter 6. How Macroeconomics Lost the Complexity Vision; Chapter 7. Complexity: A New Kind of Science?; Chapter 8: A New Kind of Complexity Economics?; Chapter 9. Nudging toward a Complexity Policy Frame. , PART III. LAISSEZ-FAIRE ACTIVISM IN PRACTICEChapter 10. The Economics of Influence; Chapter 11. Implementing Influence Policy; Chapter 12. Laissez-Faire Activism; Chapter 13. Getting the Ecostructure of Government Right; PART IV. THE LOST AGENDA; Chapter 14. Getting the Ecostructure of Social Science Education Right; Chapter 15. The Lost Agenda; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

Note: Contents: 1. Introducing transnational climate change governance ; 2. Mapping the world of transnational climate change governance 3. Theoretical perspectives on transnational governance ; 4. Origins, agency and the forms of transnational climate change governance ; 5. Constructing transnational climate change governance issues and producing governance spaces ; 6. The uneven geography of transnational climate change governance ; 7. Understanding authority and legitimacy in transnational climate change governance ; 8. Making a difference? Tracing the effects and effectiveness of transnational climate change governance ; 9. Conclusions - looking beyond transnational climate governance

Note: Earthquakes and fault motion. pp. 1-21. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.002 --- Processing and analysis of recorded seismic signals. pp. 22-40. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.003 --- Mathematical representation of the source. pp. 41-62. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.004 --- Point source models. pp. 63-89. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.005 --- The seismic moment tensor. pp. 90-107. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.006 --- Determination of point source mechanisms. pp. 108-134. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.007 --- Kinematics of extended sources. pp. 135-162. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.008 --- Determination of source dimensions. pp. 163-188. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.009 --- Simple dynamic models. pp. 189-204. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.010 --- Dynamics of fracture. Homogeneous models. pp. 205-231. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.011 --- Fracture dynamics. Heterogeneous models. pp. 232-258. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.012 --- Modeling earthquakes using fracture dynamics. pp. 259-283. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139628792.013

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Introduction and datatypes. - 1.1 Why ordination?. - 1.2 Datatypes. - 1.3 Data transformation and standardisation. - 1.4 Missing values. - 1.5 Types of analyses. - 2 Using Canoco 5. - 2.1 Philosophy of Canoco 5. - 2.2 Data import and editing. - 2.3 Defining analyses. - 2.4 Visualising results. - 2.5 Beware, CANOCO 4.x users!. - 3 Experimental design. - 3.1 Completely randomised design. - 3.2 Randomised complete blocks. - 3.3 Latin square design. - 3.4 Pseudo replicates. - 3.5 Combining more than one factor. - 3.6 Following the development of objects in time: repeated observations. - 3.7 Experimental and observational data. - 4 Basics of gradient analysis. - 4.1 Techniques of gradient analysis. - 4.2 Models of response to gradients. - 4.3 Estimating species optima by weighted averaging. - 4.4 Calibration. - 4.5 Unconstrained ordination. - 4.6 Constrained ordination. - 4.7 Basic ordination techniques. - 4.8 Ordination axes as optimal predictors. - 4.9 Ordination diagrams. - 4.10 Two approaches. - 4.11 Testing significance of the relation with explanatory variables. - 4.12 Monte Carlo permutation tests for the significance of regression. - 4.13 Relating two biotic communities. - 4.14 Community composition as a cause: using reverse analysis. - 5.1 Permutation tests: the philosophy. - 5.2 Pseudo-F statistics and significance. - 5.3 Testing individual constrained axes. - 5.4 Tests with spatial or temporal constraints. - 5.5 Tests with hierarchical constraints. - 5.6 Simple versus conditional effects and stepwises election. - 5.7 Variation partitioning. - 5.8 Significance adjustment for multiple tests. - 6 Similarity measures and distance-based methods. - 6.1 Similarity measures for presence-absence data. - 6.2 Similarity measures for quantitative data. - 6.3 Similarity of cases versus similarity of communities. - 6.4 Similarity between species in trait values. - 6.5 Principal coordinates analysis. - 6.6 Constrained principal coordinates analysis (db-RDA). - 6.7 Non-metric multidimensional scaling. - 6.8 Mantel test. - 7.1 Example data set properties. - 7.2 Non-hierarchical classification (K-means clustering). - 7.3 Hierarchical classification. - 7.4 TWINSPAN. - 8 Regression methods. - 8.1 Regression models in general. - 8.2 General linear model: terms. - 8.3 Generalized linear models (GLM). - 8.4 Loess smoother. - 8.5 Generalized additive models (GAM). - 8.6 Mixed-effect models (LMM, GLMM and GAMM). - 8.7 Classification and regression trees (CART). - 8.8 Modelling species response curves with Canoco. - 9 Interpreting community composition with functional traits. - 9.1 Required data. - 9.2 Two approaches in traits - environment studies. - 9.3 Community-based approach. - 9.4 Species-based approach. - 10 Advanced use of ordination. - 10.1 Principal response curves (PRC). - 10.2 Separating spatial variation. - 10.3 Linear discriminant analysis. - 10.4 Hierarchical analysis of community variation. - 10.5 Partitioning diversity indices into alpha and beta components. - 10.6 Predicting community composition. - 11 Visualising multivariate data. - 11.1 Reading ordination diagrams of linear methods. - 11.2 Reading ordination diagrams of unimodal methods. - 11.3 Attribute plots. - 11.4 Visualising classification, groups, and sequences. - 11.5 T-value biplot. - 12 Case study 1: Variation in forest bird assemblages. - 12.1 Unconstrained ordination: portraying variation in bird community. - 12.2 Simple constrained ordination: the effect of altitude on bird community. - 12.3 Partial constrained ordination: additional effect of other habitat characteristics. - 12.4 Separating and testing alpha and beta diversity. - 13 Case study 2: Search for community composition patterns and their environmental correlates: vegetation of spring meadows. - 13.1 Unconstrained ordination. - 13.2 Constrained ordination. - 13.3 Classification. - 13.4 Suggestions for additional analyses. - 13.5 Comparing two communities. - 14 Case study 3: Separating the effects of explanatory variables. - 14.1 Introduction. - 14.2 Data. - 14.3 Changes in species richness and composition. - 14.4 Changes in species traits. - 15 Case study 4: Evaluation of experiments in randomised complete blocks. - 15.1 Introduction. - 15.2 Data. - 15.3 Analysis. - 15.4 Calculating ANOVA using constrained ordination. - 16 Case study 5: Analysis of repeated observations of species composition from a factorial experiment. - 16.1 Introduction. - 16.2 Experimental design. - 16.3 Data coding and use. - 16.4 Univariate analyses. - 16.5 Constrained ordinations. - 16.6 Principal response curves. - 16.7 Temporal changes across treatments. - 16.8 Changes in composition of functional traits. - 17 Case study 6: Hierarchical analysis of crayfish community variation. - 17.1 Data and design. - 17.2 Differences among sampling locations. - 17.3 Hierarchical decomposition of community variation. - 18 Case study 7: Analysis of taxonomic data with discriminant analysis and distance-based ordination. - 18.1 Data. - 18.2 Summarising morphological data with PCA. - 18.3 Linear discriminant analysis of morphological data. - 18.4 Principal coordinates analysis of AFLP data. - 18.5 Testing taxon differences in AFLP data using db-RDA. - 18.6 Taking populations into account. - 19 Case study 8: Separating effects of space and environment on oribatid community with PCNM. - 19.1 Ignoring the space. - 19.2 Detecting spatial trends. - 19.3 All-scale spatial variation of community and environment. - 19.4 Variation partitioning with spatial predictors. - 19.5 Visualising spatial variation. - 20 Case study 9: Performing linear regression with redundancy analysis. - 20.1 Data. - 20.2 Linear regression using program R. - 20.3 Linear regression with redundancy analysis. - 20.4 Fitting generalized linear models in Canoco. - Appendix A Glossary. - Appendix B Sample data sets and projects. - Appendix C Access to Canoco and overview of other software. - Appendix D Working with R. - References. - Index to useful tasks in Canoco 5. - Subject index.

Note: Contents: Series foreword. - Preface. - Select bibliography. - The authors. - 1 Observed flow in the Earth's midlalitudes. - 1.1 Vertical structure. - 1.2 Horizontal structure. - 1.3 Transient activity. - 1.4 Scales of motion. - 1.5 The Norwegian frontal model of cyclones. - Theme 1 Fluid dynamics of the midlatitude atmosphere. - 2 Fluid dynamics in an inertial frame of reference. - 2.1 Definition of fluid. - 2.2 Flow variables and the continuum hypothesis. - 2.3 Kinematics: characterizing fluid flow. - 2.4 Governing physical principles. - 2.5 Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives. - 2.6 Mass conservation equation. - 2.7 First Law of Thermodynamics. - 2.8 Newton's Second Law of Motion. - 2.9 Bernoulli's Theorem. - 2.10 Heating and water vapour. - 3 Rotating frames of reference. - 3.1 Vectors in a rotating frame of reference. - 3.2 Velocity and Acceleration. - 3.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame. - 3.4 The centrifugal pseudo-force. - 3.5 The Coriolis pseudo-force. - 3.6 The Taylor-Proudman theorem. - 4 The spherical Earth. - 4.1 Spherical polar coordinates. - 4.2 Scalar equations. - 4.3 The momentum equations. - 4.4 Energy and angular momentum.- 4.5 The shallow atmosphere approximation. - 4.6 The beta effect and the spherical Earth. - 5 Scale analysis and its applications. - 5.1 Principles of scaling methods. - 5.2 The use of a reference atmosphere. - 5.3 The horizontal momentum equations. - 5.4 Natural coordinates, geostrophic and gradient wind balance. - 5.5 Vertical motion. - 5.6 The vertical momentum equation. - 5.7 The mass continuity equation. - 5.8 The thermodynamic energy equation. - 5.9 Scalings for Rossby numbers that are not small. - 6 Alternative vertical coordinates. - 6.1 A general vertical coordinate. - 6.2 Isobaric coordinates. - 6.3 Other pressure-based vertical coordinates. - 6.4 Isentropic coordinates. - 7 Variations of density and the basic equations. - 7.1 Boussinesq approximation. - 7.2 Anelastic approximation. - 7.3 Stratification and gravity waves. - 7.4 Balance, gravity waves and Richardson number. - 7.5 Summary of the basic equation sets. - 7.6 The energy of atmospheric motions. - Theme 2 Rotation in the atmosphere. - 8 Rotation in the atmosphere. - 8.1 The concept of vorticity. - 8.2 The vorticity equation. - 8.3 The vorticity equation for approximate sets of equations. - 8.4 The solenoidal term. - 8.5 The expansion/contraction term. - 8.6 The stretching and tilting terms. - 8.7 Friction and vorticity. - 8.8 The vorticity equation in alternative vertical coordinates. - 8.9 Circulation. - 9 Vorticity and the barotropic vorticity equation. - 9.1 The barotropic vorticity equation. - 9.2 Poisson's equation and vortex interactions. - 9.3 Flow over a shallow hill. - 9.4 Ekman pumping. - 9.5 Rossby waves and the beta plane. - 9.6 Rossby group velocity. - 9.7 Rossby ray tracing. - 9.8 Inflexion point instability. - 10 Potential vorticity. - 10.1 Potential vorticity. - 10.2 Alternative derivations of Ertel's theorem. - 10.3 The principle of invertibility. - 10.4 Shallow water equation potential vorticity. - 11 Turbulence and atmospheric flow. - 11.1 The Reynolds number . - 11.2 Three-dimensional flow at large Reynolds number. - 11.3 Two-dimensional flow at large Reynolds number. - 11.4 Vertical mixing in a stratified fluid. - 11.5 Reynolds stresses. - Theme 3 Balance in atmospheric flow. - 12 Quasi-geostrophic flows. - 12.1 Wind and temperature in balanced flows. - 12.2 The quasi-geostrophic approximation. - 12.3 Quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity. - 12.4 Ertel and quasi-geostrophic potential vorticities. - 13 The omega equation. - 13.1 Vorticity and thermal advection form. - 13.2 Sutcliffe Form. - 13.3 Q-vector form. - 13.4 Ageostrophic flow and the maintenance of balance. - 13.5 Balance and initialization. - 14 Linear theories of baroclinic instability. - 14.1 Qualitative discussion. - 14.2 Stability analysis of a zonal flow. - 14.3 Rossby wave interpretation of the stability conditions. - 14.4 The Eady model. - 14.5 The Charney and other quasi-geostrophic models. - 14.6 More realistic basic states. - 14.7 Initial value problem. - 15 Frontogenesis. - 15.1 Frontal scales. - 15.2 Ageostrophic circulation. - 15.3 Description of frontal collapse. - 15.4 The semi-geostrophic Eady model. - 15.5 The confluence model. - 15.6 Upper-level frontogenesis. - 16 The nonlinear development of baroclinic waves. - 16.1 The nonlinear domain. - 16.2 Semi-geostrophic baroclinic waves. - 16.3 Nonlinear baroclinic waves on realistic jetson the sphere. - 16.4 Eddy transports and zonal mean flow changes. - 16.5 Energetics of baroclinic waves. - 17 The potential vorticity perspective. - 17.1 Setting the scene. - 17.2 Potential vorticity and vertical velocity. - 17.3 Life cycles of some baroclinic waves. - 17.4 Alternative perspectives. - 17.5 Midlatitude blocking. - 17.6 Frictional and heating effects. - 18 Rossby wave propagation and potential vorticity mixing. - 18.1 Rossby wave propagation. - 18.2 Propagation of Rossby waves into the stratosphere. - 18.3 Propagation through a slowly varying medium. - 18.4 The Eliassen-Palm flux and group velocity. - 18.5 Baroclinic life cycles and Rossby waves. - 18.6 Variations of amplitude. - 18.7 Rossby waves and potential vorticity steps. - 18.8 Potential vorticity steps and the Rhines scale. - Appendices. - Appendix A: Notation. - Appendix B: Revision of vectors and vector calculus. - B.1 Vectors and their algebra. - B.2 Products of vectors. - B.3 Scalar fields and the grad operator. - B.4 The divergence and curl operators. - B.5 Gauss' and Stokes' theorems. - B.6 Some useful vector identities. - Index.

Note: Cover; Half title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Intraplate earthquakes in Australia; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Two centuries of earthquake observations in Australia; 2.2.1 Mechanism, geographic distribution, and strain rate; 2.2.2 Seismogenic depth; 2.2.3 Attenuation and scaling relations; 2.3 A long-term landscape record of large (morphogenic) earthquakes; 2.3.1 Variation in fault scarp length and vertical displacement; 2.3.2 The influence of crustal type and character on seismic activity rates; 2.4 Patterns in earthquake occurrence. , 2.5 Maximum magnitude earthquake2.5.1 Scarp length as a proxy for paleo-earthquake magnitude; 2.6 Implications for SCR analogue studies: factors important in earthquake localisation; 2.6.1 Mechanical and thermal influences; 2.6.2 Structural architectural influences; 2.7 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; 3 Intraplate seismicity in Brazil; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Earthquake catalogue; 3.3 Seismicity map; 3.4 Seismotectonic correlations; 3.4.1 Lower seismicity in Precambrian cratonic provinces; 3.4.2 Intraplate seismicity and cratonic roots; 3.4.3 Passive margin seismicity. , 3.4.4 Influence of neotectonic faults3.4.5 Flexural stresses; 3.5 Discussion and conclusions; Acknowledgments; 4 Earthquakes and geological structures of the St. Lawrence Rift System; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Historical earthquakes and their impact; 4.3 Seismic zones of the SLRS; 4.3.1 Charlevoix; 4.3.2 Lower St. Lawrence; 4.3.3 Western Quebec; 4.3.4 Background seismicity; 4.4 The St. Lawrence Rift System; 4.5 The rift hypothesis and the SLRS: discussion and conclusions; Acknowledgments; 5 Intraplate earthquakes in North China; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Tectonic background; 5.2.1 Geological history. , 5.2.2 Lithospheric structure5.2.3 Major seismogenic faults; 5.3 Active tectonics and crustal kinematics; 5.4 Strain rates and seismicity; 5.5 Seismicity; 5.5.1 Paleoseismicity; 5.5.2 Large historic events; 1303 Hongdong earthquake (M 8.0); 1556 Huaxian earthquake (M 8.3); 1668 Tancheng earthquake (M 8.5); 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0); 1695 Linfen earthquake (M 7.5-8.0); 5.5.3 Large instrumentally recorded earthquake; The 1966 Xingtai earthquake (Ms 7.2); The 1975 Haicheng earthquake (Ms 7.3); The 1976 Tangshan earthquake (Ms 7.8); 5.6 Spatiotemporal patterns of large earthquakes. , 5.6.1 Long-distance roaming of large earthquakes5.6.2 Fault coupling and interaction; 5.6.3 A conceptual model for mid-continental earthquakes; 5.7 Implications for earthquake hazards; Acknowledgements; 6 Seismogenesis of earthquakes occurring in the ancient rift basin of Kachchh, Western India; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Tectonic framework, structure, and tectonic evolution of Kachchh Rift basin; 6.2.1 Structure and tectonics; 6.2.2 Tectono-volcanic events; 6.2.3 Tectonic evolution and existing earthquake generation models of the Kachchh Rift zone. , 6.2.4 Identification of magmatic intrusive bodies.

Note: Front cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Dedication; Friends of the Earth: rethinking travel; Foreword; Preface; Introduction; PART 1: THINKING BEYOND FLYING; Chapter 1: To fly or not to fly?; Chapter 2: Deciding never to fly again; Chapter 3: Young people and climate change; Chapter 4: Waking up to the downsides of flying; Chapter 5: Slow and low - the way to go: a systems view of travel emissions; PART 2: BUSINESS BEYOND FLYING; Chapter 6: A green travel experiment; Chapter 7: Trains versus planes: building a low-carbon travel agency. , Chapter 8: Going cold turkey: a law practice without any flightsChapter 9: The no-flying conference: Signs of Change; Chapter 10: Slowlier than thou: why flight-free travel is about better, not less; PART 3: SAVOURING THE JOURNEY; Chapter 11: The human engine: bicycling to Beijing; Chapter 12: Walking distance; Chapter 13: bike2oz: the world going through you instead of around you; Chapter 14: A small matter of distance: trying not to fly to climate talks; Chapter 15: Travel on a hot planet: exploring the global tourist industry overland; How to fly less; Index; Other Green Books titles. , About Green Books.

Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: Contents: Contents: Foreword by Ed Glaeser ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Urban Economic Performance ; 3. Residential Segregation and People Sorting Within Cities ; 4. Planning for a Housing Crisis: Or the Alchemy by Which We Turn Houses into Gold ; 5. Planning and Economic Performance ; 6. Planning: Reforms that Might Work and Ones that Won’t ; 7. Devolution, City Governance and Economic Performance ; 8. Urban Policies ; 9. Conclusions ; Index

Note: Contents: Getting Started ; Git Basics ; Git Branching ; Git on the Server ; Distributed Git ; Github ; Git Tools ; Customizing Git ; Git and Other Systems ; Git Internals ; Git in Other Environments ; Embedded Git in Your Applications ; Git Commands

Note: Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; List of illustrations; Preface and acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; 1 Planet in peril; 2 Environmental sociology: key perspectives and controversies; 3 Social construction of environmental issues and problems; 4 Environmental discourse; 5 Media and environmental communication; 6 Science, knowledge and environmental problems; 7 Risk construction; 8 Biodiversity loss: the successful 'career' of a global environmental problem; 9 Fear of fracking; 10 Conclusion; Bibliography; Name index; Subject index.