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  • Articles  (2,418)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,418)
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  • 1960-1964  (2,418)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (2,418)
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  • Articles  (2,418)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (2,418)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (4,679)
  • Physics  (4,130)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosetting vinyl and acrylic copolymers (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1919-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080437
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of crosslinking of gelatin in aqueous solutionPresented at the 11th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, September 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1903-1918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of crosslinking of concentrated gelatin solutions in water has been measured by means of a gelation timer. Some effects of temperature, pH, crosslinking agent, and gelatin concentration have been measured. The crosslinking agents have varied from fast-acting chrome alum, glutaraldehyde, and a carbodiimide to slow-acting mucobromic acid and dialdehyde starches. Detailed crosslinking mechanisms are discussed for dimethylol urea, mucobromic acid, and several dialdehyde crosslinking agents. Some effects of urea and other additives on the dimethylol urea crosslinking rate are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenolic-formal resins (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1921-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of curing phenolic novolac resins by means of cyclic formals under the catalytic influence of strong acids is given. It was proved that the formals react with the novolac molecules to form a highly crosslinked resite structure. As a practical consequence of this novel curing process it is possible to use the new resins at low or contact pressures in molding operations. The physical properties of the end products in general resemble those of the standard phenolic casting resins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080501
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surface tension in the measurement of the average normal stress at the exit of a capillary tube through an analysis of the capillary jet (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1941-1947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The analysis of a stationary, rotationally symmetric liquid jet which leads to an expression for the average normal stress at the exit of a capillary tube is reexamined with particular attention to the effect of surface tension. The limiting case of a nearly cylindrical jet is compared with the analysis presented by Gavis and Middleman.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080502
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of morphology on biaxial stress rupture of polyethylene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1889-1901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between biaxial stress-rupture behavior and polymer morphology has been investigated for a series of compression-molded disks of linear polyethylene. Rupture data were obtained over a range of temperatures on polymers of several melt indices that had been solidified at two rates. Two failure mechanisms were observed: one at high stress levels, which was ductile; the other at low stress levels, which was brittle. The stress level at which the mechanism changed from ductile to brittle decreased as the measurement temperature increased, as the melt index of the polymer increased, and as the rate or solidification decreased. It was shown that initial pressurization of the disks causes the formation of microscopic surface fissures along spherulite boundaries as well as within individual spherulites. The extensive growth of these fissures at high stress levels sufficiently raises the stress on the sound portions of the polymer to cause large-scale macroscopic drawing of the spherulites. At low stress levels the initially formed fissures grow by a localized drawing process at their ends. A macroscopic crack forms by a chance coalescence of a number of individually growing fissures. This process is more rapid in disks of polymer that form large spherulites when cooled slowly from the melt. The spherulite size in disks of polymer of low melt index is much smaller under the same conditions of cooling and is less sensitive to the cooling rate than in disks of polymer of high melt index. Annealing of rapidly cooled disks whose microstructure contains relatively small spherulites reduces the stress at which the failure mechanism changes without appreciably altering the spherulite size. Oxidation of the polymer also reduces the transition stress.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080435
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of ultraviolet stabilization of polymers by aromatic salicylatesPresented in part to the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 143rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, January 1963. (See Newland and Tamblyn.1) (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1949-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many derivatives of phenyl salicylate turn yellow when they are exposed, in solution, to ultraviolet light. This limits their usefulness as ultraviolet stabilizers for plastics. Evidence is presented to support the postulation that the yellowing is due to the formation, by a photochemical ortho rearrangement, of a derivative of 2,2′-dihydroxybenzo-phenone. Aromatic salicylates, such as 2,6-dialkylphenyl salicylate, in which the ortho rearrangement is blocked, are found to be nonyellowing stabilizers, although less effective than the better yellowing varieties, such as p-octylphenyl salicylate. Loss of stabilizer by volatilization, either in compounding or during subsequent exposure, is shown to be an important factor in limiting the effective performance of the stabilizer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080503
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of hydroxyl number of polyoxyalkylene ethers by reaction with toluene diisocyanate (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1985-1989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method for hydroxyl analysis is described in which excess toluene diisocyanate is reacted with a hydroxy compound, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, and the unreacted isocyanate is determined with dibutylamine reagent. The method is particularly applicable to polyethers intended for urethane foam preparation. It is rapid, is accurate, and has the added advantage of including such impurities as would be expected to consume isocyanate during a foam preparation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part IV. Use of triphenylphosphine and sodium di-n-butyl phosphite to determine the structures of sulfur linkages in natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and ethylene-propylene rubber vulcanizate networks (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1957-1983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Determinations of the degree of chemical crosslinking and crosslinking efficiency values E (i.e., the number of sulfur atoms combined in the network per chemical crosslink present) have been used in conjunction with the chemical probes triphenylphosphine and sodium di-n-butyl phosphite to establish the structural features of sulfur links in vulcanizate networks derived from a variety of accelerated natural rubber-sulfur systems, from a cis-1,4-polyisoprene-TMTD-zinc oxide system, and from natural rubber and ethylene-propylene rubber crosslinked with a dicumyl peroxide-sulfur system. The triphenylphosphine converts polysulfide links into monosulfide and, to a lesser extent, disulfide links. The values of E′, i.e., the number of sulfur atoms combined in the network per chemical crosslink present after triphenylphosphine treatment are, therefore, a measure of the extent of main-chain modification in the network by cyclic monosulfide groups and/or pendant groups of the type: —Sx—Accel. (where x ≥ 1 and Accel. is an accelerator fragment). Sodium di-n-butyl phosphite cleaves di- and polysulfide crosslinks but leaves monosulfide and carbon-carbon crosslinks intact, and thus determination of the degree of chemical crosslinking before and after treatment with this reagent yields estimates of these two different classes of crosslinks. The combined results indicate that the efficiency of utilizing sulfur for crosslinking and, therefore, the structural complexity of the derived networks are very sensitive to the nature of the vulcanizing system (type and relative concentrations of crosslinking agent, accelerator, and activator) and vulcanizing conditions (time and temperature of cure). In general, the proportion of crosslinks which are di- and/or polysulfidic decreases with increasing cure time, and for the accelerated sulfur systems the structural complexity of the network increases with cure time, especially at higher vulcanizing temperatures and with low concentrations of fatty acid activator.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the promoted aggregation and coalescence of synthetic rubber particles (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2049-2065 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Small particles (ca. 700 A.) in an SB-R latex can be agglomerated (aggregation and coalescence) to the large size and heterogeneous distribution required for fluid high solids latex. This agglomeration is promoted by high molecular weight materials such as polyvinyl methyl ether (PVM). The mechanism of this agglomeration has been investigated. The effects of controlled variations in the amounts of PVM, electrolyte, soap and latex solids content were determined using statistically designed experiments. The agglomeration was found to differ from Smoluchowski kinetics in that it could best be described by the relationship: (1/n) = (1/n0) + at - bt2 where n = particle number, t = time and a and b are constants. The agglomeration rates were about 1011 to 1012 times slower than the theoretical Smoluchowski rapid coagulation rate. Increases in PVM, soap, and latex solids increased the agglomeration rate. The agglomerations were self-limiting and reached equilibria the level of which increased with increases in PVM and decreased with increases in soap. Regression equations relating the effects of the controlled variables on the agglomeration rate and the equilibria states are derived and presented graphically. The particle size distribution of the final latex was significantly correlated, with that expected from theoretical collision theory.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080509
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-base properties of fibers. Part II. A polyelectrolyte theory of the combination of fibers with acids and bases (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2029-2048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A. new theory for the acid-base properties of fibers is presented, resembling those for polyelectrolytes, and based on the normal titration of the charged groups of the fibers and the energy needed to remove the protons from the fiber to the solution, against the electrostatic, osmotic, and affinity differences. The acid titration equation for a poly-ampholyte fiber is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm pH} = {\rm p}K_0 ^\prime - \log [{{\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)} \alpha }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \alpha }] - \left( {{{0.4343} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.4343} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right)[\chi F + \tau \bar V_{\rm H} + \Delta \mu _{\rm H}^{\rm o} ] $\end{document} where pK0′ is the intrinsic dissociation constant of the titration groups in the fiber, α is the degree of dissociation, χ is the electrostatic potential of the fiber, τ the osmotic pressure, V̄H the partial molar volume of the hydrogen ion, and ΔμHo the difference of standard chemical potential in the fiber and the solution. In all cases examined, the osmotic term proved to be negligible. The electrostatic potential was calculated as suming it to be uniform over the fiber. For wool, pK0′ is independent of salt concentration but varies linearly with degree of dissociation, indicating that two pK's are operating, pKq = 3.585 for paired groups and pKp = 4.855 for nonpaired groups at 0°C., present in equal proportions. Titrations of wool with sulfuric acid and a wide range of strong monobasic acids also obey the theory, and values of the anion affinities in general agreement with those given by Gilbert and Rideal are found. The acid titration of native ox-hide collagen gave a constant value of pK0′ = 4.0. For nylon, the value of pK0′ is, to a first approximation, independent of degree of dissociation and salt concentration, in agreement with the theory.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080508
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet oxidation of undrawn nylon 66 and model amides (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2067-2093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Undrawn nylon was found to be susceptible within a few days to degradation in wet or humid conditions at temperatures between 50 and 90°C. Model N-substituted amides, although not affected by these conditions, were attacked by hydrogen peroxide solutions. The degradation proceeded principally by rupture of the bond between the nitrogen of the amide and the carbon of its α-methylene group, consequent upon oxidation at this carbon. Unsubstituted primary amide, carboxyl, and aldehyde endgroups were formed, together with ammonia by hydrolysis of the oxidized amide. The bond between the α and β carbons of an N-methylene chain also suffered breakage, giving formic acid and carbon dioxide. The former could also arise by rupture of any initially produced N-formyl or N-formoyl amides. The appearance of lactic acid from butylacetamide showed that oxidation could proceed along the N-alkyl chain. Fragments of suitable size broken from the main chain of nylon became water-soluble and relatively stable to further attack by air or oxygen. These pieces essentially retained the nylon structure, but possessed two carboxylic ends and an average molecular weight of less than 600. A maximum oxygen uptake of about 30 moles per mole of original amide was calculated, corresponding to complete conversion into these soluble fragments. Significant degradation did not occur for many months at 60°C. in dry conditions or in solutions of 8-hydroxyquinoline, a process which has been patented. The latter was considered to function by chelating heavy metals into an inactive form and inhibiting peroxide formation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080510
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and interpretation of nonlinear mechanical energy losses in high polymer fibers (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2095-2115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical loss measurements were made on fibers at large tensile strains which caused nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Measurements on fibers from polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon 66, nylon 4 and an experimental polymer led to seven energy loss peaks for each sample in the temperature range of 120-350°K. The peaks were evenly spaced in temperature at intervals of 30-35°K. rather than at unequal temperature intervals of approximately 100-150°K. normally observed under conditions of linear viscoelastic behavior. In every case, the array of evenly spaced peaks occurred only at temperatures below the glass transition temperature. The temperatures at the energy loss peaks were virtually independent of crystallinity and molecular orientation and were interpreted in terms of polymer molecular structure. The data could be explained only by a single mechanism, common to all polymers, which could operate in a quantized manner, e. g., diffusional motion of molecular chain segments. To account for the constant temperature spacing between peaks of a given sample, it was necessary to assume that the rate controlling step in the energy loss process is the return of a displaced segment to equilibrium. Calculations from the experimental data indicated that peaks at higher temperatures stem from displaced molecular segments which experience high potential energy barriers and which have to be excited to higher skeletal vibrational energies to overcome the barrier. Precedence for this interpretation is provided by Tanaka and Ishida, who have associated molecular vibrations with the well-known β loss peaks in polymers.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080511
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kunststoffe als Schutz gegen Korrosion, BRUNO WAESER, Dr. Alfred Huthig Verlag G.m.b.H., Heidelberg, 1963, 116 pp. 11.80 DM (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2461-2461 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080533
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rate and temperature on the tensile properties of double-base propellant (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 3-24 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile properties of two cast and two extruded solid rocket propellants were studied at 25°C. and 50% R.H. over a range of failure times from 0.005 to 2500 sec. The effects of temperature were also investigated at the highest rate and at 0.1 in./in./min. over a range of -60 to 80°C. The results indicate that both temperature and rate of loading greatly affect the tensile properties of double-base propellants.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080101
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-chloro and N-nitroso compounds as synergists for the self-extinguishing action of bromine compounds in polystyrenePresented before the Symposium on Self-Extinguishing Plastics in the Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Division at the 144th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, March 31-April 5, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2485-2495 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Compounds other than peroxides may be used to enhance the self-extinguishing action of organic bromine compounds on polystyrene. The addition of certain chloramides or nitrosoamines converts some bromide-containing polystyrene compositions from flammable to instantly self-extinguishing. Two effective chloramides were N,N-dichlorotoluene sulfonamide or N,N′-dichloro-N,N′-diphenyl urea but they were of limited value because of hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. The more effective nitrosoamines were N-nitroso-N-methylaniline, N-nitrosocarbazole and N-nitroso-diphenylamine. An undesirable characteristic of the three compounds is their inhibition of polymerization of styrene. The interaction of a nitrosoamine and an aliphatic bromine compound is apparent from the evolution of nitrogen, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. If the minimum temperature for gas evolution falls in the range of about 145-180°C. in a prescribed simple test, the nitrosoamine and bromine compound may be used for rendering polystyrene self-extinguishing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080603
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulosePresented at the Polymer and Polymerization Symposium, 19th Southwest Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Houston, Texas, December 5-7, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2813-2824 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of radiation-induced graft polymers of cotton cellulose, while retaining the fibrous nature and high molecular weight of the cellulose, depended primarily on the radiochemical yields of cellulose reactions and of graft polymerization reactions. Yields of the initial major molecular changes in cellulosic polymer indicated that, in the case of scission of the molecule and carboxyl group formation, chain reactions were not initiated by radiation; however, in the case of carbonyl group formation chain reactions were initiated but quickly terminated. Generally, experimental procedures, used in graft polymerization reactions, were: (1) simultaneous irradiation reactions, that is, application of monomers or solutions of monomers to cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then irradiation; and (2) post-irradiation reactions, that is, irradiation of cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then after removal from the field of radiation, contacting the irradiated cellulose with monomer. Some of the most important factors influencing the radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of styrene and acrylonitrile onto cellulose were: concentration of monomer in treating solution; solvent; ratio of monomer solution to cellulose; prior chemical modification of cellulose; and absence of oxygen, particularly in post-irradiation reactions. Experimental data were presented, and the direct and indirect effects of Co60 γ-radiation on these reactions were discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080626
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress relaxation of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizates before and after treatment with triphenylphosphine (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 723-734 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aerobic and anaerobic stress relaxation of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks has been examined before and after treatment with triphenylphosphine, a reagent which converts polysulfidic crosslinks into di- and monosulfide crosslinks. This treatment reduces the rate of anaerobic stress relaxation and makes the network more susceptible to protection by zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate against aerobic stress relaxation. Aerobic stress relaxation of the network after treatment with triphenylphosphine remains nonautocatalytic, indicating that it still contains the precursor of an antioxidant, and crosslinking continues to occur during aging, showing that the presence of polysulfide groups is not a sole prerequisite for such network formation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080213
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. II. Experiments on a noncrystallizing rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 707-721 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile fatigue failure of a gum vulcanizate of noncrystallizing SBR can be accounted for by the growth of small flaws initially present in the rubber. Fatigue of crystallizing natural rubber was shown in Part I to be attributable to the same cause. Cut growth results are interpreted in terms of the tearing energy theory of Rivlin and Thomas. SBR exhibits cut growth under both static and dynamic conditions; in each case the rate is approximately proportional to the fourth power of the tearing energy. Variation of the dynamic cut growth rate with frequency can be explained by the summation of a timedependent static component of growth and a cyclic component not dissimilar to that occurring in natural rubber. Fatigue failure, under both static and dynamic conditions, is predicted from the cut growth results. These predictions are found to account quantitatively for experimentally observed fatigue lives when a suitable value is assumed for the initial flaw size. Fatigue lives at different temperatures correlate well with cut growth results obtained by Greensmith and Thomas over the same temperature range. The results are compared to those obtained previously for natural rubber, and possible reasons for the differences in fatigue behavior of crystallizing and noncrystallizing rubbers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    Investigations on thermal dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 747-754 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal dehydrochlorination of PVC has been examined on some samples prepared by fractionation of a commercial PVC, and some other samples obtained by polymerization at different temperatures. The results disagree with the concept of a continuous dehydrochlorination from one side to the other of the chain, that necessitates initiating structural anomalies in the macromolecule itself.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080215
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    Anomalous flow of cellulose solutions during spinning (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 735-745 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: An apparatus is described for measuring the flow rate of cellulose xanthate solutions at known pressure gradients across spinning jets. It is shown that the jet hole behaves more like a capillary than an orifice in its effect on flow and that similar relationships exist for flow through spinning jet holes and a narrow pipe characterized by an equation of the form Q = Apb, where b has a value of approximately 1.5 for the high rates of shear strain found in spinning jets and 1.4 for the lower rates found in the pipe. A fundamental approach shows a similar discontinuity when comparing the relation between apparent viscosity coefficient and rate of shear strain, between low and high rates of shear. Experimental results are given for the effect of certain chemical factors in viscose solutions and the effect of spinning jet hole size, on the flow rate/pressure gradient curve.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080214
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    Rapid bursting of tubular specimens (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 141-149 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Burst tests on thin wall circular cylinders of aluminum, brass and magnesium alloys, mild steel and polymethylmethacrylate plastic are described in which stress and strain are measured at impact velocities of 14-31 ft./sec. The apparatus consists of an hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly attached to the inside of the specimen, with a falling weight producing a pressure pulse. Measurement problems inherent in the technique are analyzed: e.g., local instability leading to blister formation. An increasing amount of uniform deformation occurs in the specimen as strain rate is increased.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080110
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    Techniques for studying strain rate effects in brittle materialsThis study was sponsored by the Ceramics and Craphite Branch, Metals and Ceramics Laboratory, Materials Central, Aeronautical Systems Division of the Air Force Systems Command under Contract No. AF 33(616)-7465. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 151-167 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Techniques for studying brittle fracture over a strain rate range of 10-7-101 in./in./sec. and at temperatures from 75 to 1800°F are discussed. Techniques for achieving a uniaxial tensile stress in prismatic bars via a reflected stress wave method at strain rates up to 103 in./in./sec. at room and elevated temperatures are presented. Results of the aforementioned effects in flexure, and experimental verification of the stress-time-position history for the stress wave loading technique are presented along with applicable theoretical explanations. Applications of the above techniques to a broader spectrum of brittle and semi-brittle materials are described.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Factors influencing izod impact properties of thermoplastics measured with the autographic impact test (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 119-140 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The standardization of notched Izod impact test data to normalized values of foot pounds per inch of notch is based on the assumption of a 1:1 increase in breaking strength with increasing notch width. This assumed relation is not supported by experimental tests on commercial thermoplastics. As notch width was increased from 1/8 to 1/4 to 3/8 to 1/2 in., nine of ten thermoplastics tested showed a decrease in normalized impact strength. Each material appears to show a characteristic loss in breaking strengths as the notch width increases. A technique developed for calibration of pendulum impact testers has been used to examine the variation of impact breaking strength in relation to the total kinetic energy of the hammer. Experimental tests show practically no change in impact strengths up to values that take 2/3 of the available hammer energy. Experimental work on the comparison of the impulse transferred by the hammer during breaking with impulse curves photographed by the Autographic Impact test show very good agreement for catastrophic breaks and fair agreement for plastic type breaks. The reduction in recorded impulse is attributed to the degrading of the sample during the plastic portion of the breaking cycle. The peak force of thermoplastics as measured by the Autographic Impact test increases as the temperature decreases from 100°C. or above to 0°C. Over the same temperature range flexural tests on small cantilever samples of these thermoplastics show the same thermal dependence for the flexural yield or permanent distortion stress. Plots of the impact peak forces and flexural yield stress at corresponding temperatures give a linear correlation. Each thermoplastic material exhibits a unique relation for this correlation between impact yielding and flexural yielding. This correlation between the impact and flexural tests over the range of temperatures is the first known experimental indication of a direct relation between impact properties and standard physical tests.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080109
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    Ion exchange separations in analytical chemistry. O. SAMUELSON. Wiley, New York-London-Sidney, and Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1963, 474 pp. $9.50 (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1497-1497 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080340
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    Kinetic studies on the vulcanization reaction accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1667-1676 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: Kinetic data for vulcanization of rubber with sulfur, accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are presented. The decrease in concentration of sulfur and MBT during vulcanization under various conditions of temperatures have been determined with a precise amperometric method developed by the authors. The order of reaction for disapperance of sulfur was found to be unity. The energy of activation and frequency factor were 28.8 kcal./mole and 4.0 × 1013, respectively. The kinetics of disapperance of MBT was also first-order, and the rate of reaction, energy of activation, as well as frequency factor were much lower than those for the disapperance of sulfur. The consumption of sulfur proceeded as long as any free sulfur was present in the sample, indicating that the consumption of MBT is closely tied up with the disapperance of sulfur. It was found that about 133 atoms of sulfur were consumed for the disappearance of one molecule of MBT. The mechanism of ring opening involving an attack by the accelerator radical as proposed by Gordon is supported by the present investigation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Temperature dependence of tensile properties of polycarbonate films (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1677-1689 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The tensile properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate films were measured as a function of temperature from +25 to -180°C. The tensile properties at a given temperature were determined from the measured true stress-true strain behavior of the polycarbonate films by means of a photographic strain recording technique. The temperature dependence of the following tensile properties is presented: the yield stress, the fracture stress, the strain to yield, the cold-drawing strain, the fracture strain, and the strain-hardening rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080418
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    Slip deformation in drawn polyethylene films (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 971-983 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: When well oriented and crystallized high density polyethylene film was redrawn, slip deformation and twin deformation, the mode of which depends upon the redrawing angle to the original drawn structure, could be observed. When the redrawing angle is very small, single slips, the direction of which is [001] to the original drawn structure, and homogeneous deformation bands attached to them are usually observed. The [001] directions of slipped and unslipped regions are slightly at an angle to each other. As the redrawing angle approaches a right angle, kink bands can be observed. From these results we may conclude that the structure of this drawn polyethylene film is very similar to that of a single crystal or metal.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080233
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    Oxyluminescence of polymers. I. General behavior of polymersThis paper was presented in part before the Polymer Division of the American Chemical Society at the 142nd meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 12, 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 985-995 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The faint emission of light by various classes and types of polymers when heated in the presence of oxygen, oxyluminescence, was studied by means of a photomultiplier tube and sensitive microammeter. Among the polymers with a carbon-carbon backbone, the polymers having the greater number of tertiary carbon atoms generally showed greater intensities of luminosity. Polystyrene was a notable exception to this generalization. The shape of the luminosity versus time curves varied with the type of polymer. It was also found that the emission of light did not stop instantly when the oxygen atmosphere was replaced by an inert gas, but rather followed an exponential type of decay. The rate of decay appeared to be different with different types of polymers. The intensities of luminescence and the times required to reach maximum or steady state luminescence were compared with oxygen uptake data for various polymers. In general there was a qualitative, but not necessarily quantitative correlation between the luminous intensities and polymer stabilities in the presence of oxygen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080234
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    Mechanism of polyethylene oxidation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1691-1698 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: Acetic and formic acids and acetone are products of the oxidation of propylene and ethylene polymers and copolymers. The two- and three-carbon products can be accounted for as the result of intramolecular attack by radicals, leading to β-oxidation. A high proportion of scissions in polypropylene involves multiple intramolecular attack.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080419
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    Light-sensitized crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol by chromium compounds (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1763-1776 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The insolubilization of polyvinyl alcohol by potassium dichromate on exposure to light has been investigated. Ultraviolet spectrometry shows that secondary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to ketone groups but insolubilization is attributed to crosslinking of polymer chains by co-ordination of alcohol groups to “nascent” chromic ions formed by reduction of the dichromate. Exposure to air saturated with water vapor eliminates the carbonyl absorption maxima from the ultraviolet spectrum of polyvinyl alcohol film but the spectrum can be restored by heating: this phenomenon is independent of the crosslinking reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080426
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    Effects of morphology and molecular structure on tensile impact behavior of linear polyethylene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1751-1762 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: An instrumented tensile impact test which allows a load time curve to be obtained coincident with the energy to rupture values has been applied to the examination of a series of linear polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers of varying molecular weight and thermal history. The effect of test specimen geometry was also investigated. A morphological examination of these resins indicated a strong dependence of spherulite size on molecular weight, and to a much lesser degree on molding conditions; it appeared to be independent of comonomer. The overall crystallinity, as determined by both x-ray and density methods, and crystallite perfection was increased by a slower crystallization rate, but was independent of molecular weight. The tensile impact strength (energy to rupture) was found to increase with molecular weight, and decrease on the introduction of comonomer. But the effect of thermal history gave rise to results which bore no clear-cut relation to molecular and morphological parameters. The value of the instrumented tensile impact test is shown by the fact that these apparent anomalies can now be resolved by separating the elastic and plastic portions of the deformation. An increased level and perfection of crystallinity results in higher load bearing properties accompanied by a reduction in duration of impact. It is primarily the duration, rather than the peak load, which is affected by molecular weight. The main effect produced by changing from a type L (long) tensile impact specimen to a type S (short) was to reduce considerably the duration of the plastic region while simultaneously raising the maximum elastic load; this is thought to be associated with a more localized deformation and therefore a higher rate of strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Polymerizations of nitroalkyl acrylates (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1787-1799 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: We have prepared some nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates by a method involving alcoholysis, and investigated their polymerizability. 2-Nitrobutyl acrylate (NBA) was extensively studied. The especially purified NBA monomer has good polymerizability without inhibiting radical polymerization and gives a thermally stable polymer. From copolymerization experiments with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile, the Q and e values of NBA were estimated to be 0.47 and 0.85, respectively. The copolymerization behavior of NBA with some polyglycol dimethacrylates and unsaturated polyesters are comparable to those of n-butyl acrylate. This monomer has little tendency to polymerize with organometallic initiators, but some polymers obtained are found to be crystalline. The polar and steric effects of the nitro group situated on the ester side chain are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonatePresented at the First Canadian Wood Chemistry Symposium, Toronto, September 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1801-1812 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonates revealed a granular microstructure of spherical particles of diameters ranging from 30 to 90 A. The weight average particle weight, Pw was computed from the dimensions measured on the electron micrographs and the density of lignin. For a fraction of intermediate molecular weight, the particle diameter derived from Pw was 64 A., in fair agreement with a value of 49 A. computed from the sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight. A high molecular weight fraction contained, in addition to the granular moiety, larger structures which appeared to be aggregates of the granules. The particle weight distribution for the high molecular weight fraction was similar to the distribution of sedimentation constants previously found for alkali lignins. The spherical shapes for both the granules and the aggregates was in accord with the compact spherical configuration previously proposed for lignin sulfonates in aqueous solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080429
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    Hydration and density of collagen and gelatinSupported by a contribution from the Old Dominion Foundation. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1813-1824 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The water sorption by adult and embryonic native and insoluble collagen was investigated, along with that of calfskin gelatin. Greater sorption was obtainable with the collagen fractions than with gelatin, but the technique could not distinguish the fractions themselves. The suggestion is made that the greater sorption by collagen over gelatin and differences in apparent wettability between the adult and embryonic insoluble collagen might be explained by the formation of helical grooves with aging. Density measurements of the collagen fractions indicate that collagen becomes more crystalline with aging. This also applied to the insoluble collagen. These results are consistent with the view that differences in collagen solubility are due to differences in molecular ordering. The density of the insoluble collagens and gelatin passes through a maximum at 3-4% sorbed water. The phenomenon is explained on the basis of water bridges comprised of a single water molecule double hydrogen bonded to closely aligned chains. A discussion is presented in this connection. A calculation based on the density yields a molecular volume of 4.32 × 10-19 cm.3 For tropocollagen. This is in agreement with the molecular dimensions and consistent with the idea that collagen is formed from an aggregation of the monomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Stress relaxation of raw natural rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1077-1087 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The effects of mastication on stress relaxation of raw rubber was studied in the range of 20-120°C. The stress relaxation time became shorter with increasing mastication, and the modulus also decreased. The modulus decreased with increasing temperature of measurement. Moreover, it is found that mastication caused the solution viscosity of rubber to decrease, and on heating an intermolecular reaction and cleavage of molecules by oxidation appeared to occur at the same time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080305
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    Stabilization of polyurethane to thermal degradationAbstracted from the Ph. D. dissertation of C. P. Ngoc Son, University of Delaware, June 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1089-1096 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The labile hydrogen of the carbamate group is primarily responsible for color development in the thermal degradation of polyurethane. Replacement of this hydrogen by an alkyl group prevents back-dissociation. Accordingly, a number of N-substituted polyurethanes were prepared, including the methyl, benzyl, benzoyl, acetyl, and the (N-phenylamido) derivatives. Comparative studies at 150-155°C. showed that the N-methyl and N-benzyl polymers possess outstanding stability under the condition of our testing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080306
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    A continuum theory of nonlinear viscoelastic deformation with application to polymer processing (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1129-1146 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: A continuum theory of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior has been developed which is applicable to the quantitative description of the rheological properties of high polymeric materials. Particular classes of deformations have been investigated. Special emphasis has been placed upon nonlinear effects in viscoelastic fluids such as normal stresses and variable viscosity. Two new classes of flows are defined: sufficiently smooth flow and isoelastic flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080309
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    Some problems in melt spinning processes. II. Molecular orientation in the course of melt spinning (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1097-1111 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The approximate solutions of the three-dimensional, fundamental equation for the molecular orientation of a spun fiber are obtained, a rigid ellipsoid model for the molecular segments or the paracrystalline structure being assumed. A rate of strain G (sec.-1) of a molten fiber and a rotational diffusion constant D (sec.-1) of the segment are approximated as a function of time t (sec.) as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {G = G_0 + G_1 t + G_2 t^2 + \ldots } \\++ {D = D_0 + T_1 t + \ldots } \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} Under the conditions, 1〉〉G0t〉〉G1G2〉〉G2t3〉〉 … and 1〉〉D0t〉〉D1t2〉〉… a coefficient of the molecular orientation f of spun fiber is found to be: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {f = \frac{2}{5}\int_0^t {Gdt} } \hfill & { - \frac{6}{5}G_0 \left( {\left. {D_0 - \frac{1}{{21}}G_0 } \right)} \right.t^2 } \hfill \\ {} \hfill & { - \frac{2}{5}\left( {\left. {\frac{2}{{21}}G_0 3 + \frac{4}{7}G_0 2D_0 - 6G_0 D_0 2 - \frac{1}{7}G_0 G_1 + 2G_0 D_1 + G_1 D_0 } \right)} \right.t^3 + \ldots } \hfill \\ \end{array}} $$\end{document} The applicability of these approximate, theoretical results is extremely limited in the neighborhood of the spinneret under practical melt spinning conditions. However, the theory should be useful in the case where the polymer temperature is near its melting temperature and the extension rate of spinning fiber is small.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Rupture of rubber. XI. Tensile rupture and crack growth in a noncrystallizing rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1113-1128 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory of tensile rupture in a noncrystallizing rubber, a particular instance of a more general theory of rupture in simple extension, is outlined. The theory assumes that failure takes place by growth of a crack from some imperfection in the material where the stress is high locally. The imperfections are considered as being equivalent, in terms of stress concentration effects, to small cracks initially present in the material, and the conditions for crack growth to occur are then treated on the basis of the tearing energy criterion of Part I. It is assumed, by analogy with tearing on a macroscopic scale, that the crack grows continuously with time at a rate, dc/dt, given by: dc/dt = ATn, where A and n are constants and T is the energy expended per unit increase in crack length, per unit thickness of specimen. The predicted relationships of the breaking time to the stored energy density and initial crack length for specimens tested by stretching at uniform rates and by holding at fixed extensions are first compared with the results of model experiments on test pieces containing small tears and cuts. Values of A and n derived from tear test data are used in the theoretical relationships, and it is shown that there is fair agreement with experiment. Results of tests on tensile test pieces containing no deliberately introduced tears or cuts are then shown to be consistent with a failure mechanism of the above type. It appears, however, that the tearing energies in tensile rupture are lower than those observed in tear tests, and reasons for this difference are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac. Part I. Kinetics and gelation studies (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1185-1204 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present investigation the kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac has been studied. A linear relationship between the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the time of polymerization has been observed up to a certain extent of reaction followed by a sharp rise in value of [η] near the gel point. After gelation the intrinsic viscosity of the sol fraction again falls abruptly. Besides, an attempt has also been made to understand the nature of gelation from the weight fractions of gel formed after prolonged curing at different temperatures.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080312
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    Synthesis and properties of some alkyds of more complex carboxyl functionality (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1147-1168 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Syntheses are described where dimer fatty acid (C36), or anhydrides of trimellitic, or pyromellitic, or dodecenylsuccinic acids are substituted in part for components of a model polymer derived from 1 mole each phthalic anhydride and glycerol, and 0.4 mole of linoleic acid. These polymers are compared at several degrees of polyesterification with respect to endgroup analysis, melt and intrinsic viscosity, and fractionation and emulsification behavior in water-solvent mixtures. The data suggest that predictions of the gel point in terms of functionality concepts are of general value only for defining the reaction degrees where insoluble molecules can first appear. The experimental event of gelatification can be delayed to varying degrees by different types and concentrations of inert solvent. The extent of reaction where molecular complexity can give a gellable polymer in the absence of solvency retardation occurs near the theoretical gel point and can be located by inspection of functions relating either melt or intrinsic viscosity to molecular weight. Significant differences in polymer structure have a very small effect on this parameter, nor is there much evidence to show preferential reactivity of similar functional groups associated with different structures. Other data here cited demonstrate some practically useful facts regarding how composition and molecular weight affect solvency behavior; however, no general correlations were found which relate solubility behavior to quantities here miasured.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac. Part II. Effect of catalysts (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1205-1211 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present communication the effect of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst on thermal polymerization of shellac has been investigated. The difference in activation energy for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction, has been computed to be 7.4 kcal. when c = 0.1%. The activation energy for uncatalyzed reaction, calculated on this basis comes to 12.5 keal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080313
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    Antioxidant properties of carbon black in unsaturated elastomers. Studies with cis-polybutadiene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1169-1183 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal antioxidant behavior of carbon black was studied in vulcanized cis-polybutadiene and related to the surface chemistry of the black. Continuous and intermittent stress-relaxation and oxygen absorption measurements were employed to determine the antioxidant ability of the carbon blacks. The blacks were characterized by the surface concentrations of oxygen-containing functional groups, using methods described in the literature. Antioxidant activity was found to be highest in carbons containing relatively large amounts of bound oxygen. These carbons are also acidic and decompose peroxides by the ionic mechanism. This was demonstrated with dicumyl peroxide. However, even though the acidity and ability to decompose dicumyl peroxide to phenol and acetone could be destroyed by methylation, this treatment did not seriously impair the antioxidant activity, so that the role of acidic groups appears to be minor. Evidence is presented which suggests strongly that the antioxidant behavior of carbon blacks is due to surface quinones, possibly hydrogen-bonded with adjacent hydroxyl groups. Measurements made on samples vulcanized in peroxide and sulfur curing systems indicate that the antioxidant behavior of carbon black is independent of the method of vulcanization in the absence of other antioxidants. A characteristic feature of the antioxidant action of carbon blacks is their tendency to repress the oxidative crosslinking reactions, the relative amount of compensation of chain scission by crosslinking being smaller than in gum vulcanizates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    The amorphous fraction of cellulose and its relation to moisture sorption (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1213-1220 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The OH → OD exchange reaction between deuterium oxide vapor and cellulose has been studied for thirteen different types of cellulose; the extent of exchange in a cellulose was determined by measuring the increase in the dry weight of the sample. With each cellulose the deuteration reaction was in two stages, a rapid stage followed by a slow stage; the material that exchanges during the rapid stage is the infrared-amorphous fraction of the cellulose, and therefore values for the amorphous fractions of the thirteen samples could be obtained. These amorphous fractions were found to be linearly related to the moisture regains of the samples. There is tentative evidence that the cellulose II samples absorb slightly more water into a unit amount of amorphous material than cellulose I samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080314
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    Quelques remarques concernant le mécanisme de polymérisation en bloc du chlorure de vinyle (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1275-1279 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Samples of PVC, obtained by bulk polymerization were tested. Molecular weight distribution by nephelometric titration, number of branching by viscosity measurement, and density of the powders and films using a density gradient column were assessed. Microphotographs of the powders were taken. It was found that the average number of branching in 1000 monomer units is approximately proportional to the contact surface of the liquid and solid phase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080317
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    Dryblending behavior of commercial polyvinyl chloride (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1221-1255 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ease of processing suspension-polymerized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is related to its ability to accept sufficient plasticizer, while remaining a dry, free-flowing powder. The successful incorporation of plasticizer, termed cold preblending or hot dryblending, depends upon basic physicochemical factors. Cold preblending corresponds to a purely geometrical filling of intraparticle pores and fissures, while hot dryblending depends additionally upon a time-dependent absorption. Quantitative laboratory tests for these two effects were developed and standardized. When applied to experimental and commercial lots of PVC and their fractions, the tests gave results which showed slight correlation with gross properties of the particles. However, intercorrelation between tests for cold preblending and hot dryblending was strong, indicating that the same factors may be responsible for both. The tests also provided good ratings of polymers for actual processing behavior. It is possible to control particle geometry via the process variables of suspension polymerization, and thence to regulate cold preblending behavior; the effects on hot dryblending are not as clear. Post-polymerization grinding markedly alters the PVC particle surfaces and can substantially improve hot dryblending capacity. Severe grinding is needed to change particle geometry enough for any large improvement of cold preblending.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080315
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    Determination of intrinsic viscosity from one point measurement (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1281-1286 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method of calculation of the intrinsic viscosity [η] from one viscosity measurement according to the Solomon and Ciutǎ's equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [\eta ]c = \sqrt 2 \sqrt {\eta _{sp} - \ln \eta _r } \\ \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} has been analysed. The difference between [η] extrapolated from the measurement of viscosity at several concentrations and [η] calculated has been defined in dependence on the product [η]c and the value of Huggins' constant k'. It has been demonstrated that the proposed equation is often useful but not generally valid; the range of its applicability has been defined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080318
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    Interaction of nylon polymers with epoxy resins in adhesive blends (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1287-1295 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of nylon-epoxy resins are used as adhesives. It is found by swelling tests that the epoxy resin crosslinks the nylon. By the failure of poly-N,N'-diisobutylhexamethyleneadipamide to cure and by the failure of prereactions of the nylon with phenyl glycidyl ether, it is shown that the epoxy resin reacts with the nylon through the amide hydrogen. The effect of the epoxy cure on increasing the brittle strength and on decreasing the yield strength of the nylon is discussed in terms of stresses in the adhesive joint.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080319
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    Rheological properties of SBR polymers by capillary extrusion (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1257-1273 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A modification of the piston head of the Instron rheometer has enabled its use in studying rheological properties of SBR elastomers over a shear rate range of 30-2500 sec.-1. In place of the usual piston head, a Teflon plug with a cavitated bottom was used. This eliminates leakage between the piston and barrel and results in uniform force traces that can be extrapolated to zero barrel length to yield the total force of extrusion. Hence, it gives a practical means to study, on sound theoretical basis, the rheological properties which are all important in the prediction of factory processing behavior and factors which influence it. Extrusions of SBR 1712 and 1712-HAF compound were made through capillaries having 180° entrance angles, diameters of 0.033, 0.043, 0.052, and 0.070 in. and length/diameter ratios near 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 at temperatures of 80, 90, 110, and 130°C. and crosshead speeds of 1/2, 1, 2, and 5 in./min. Linear fits were found between length/diameter (L/D) ratio and the force of extrusion (at zero barrel length). The slopes of these lines give values of true shear stress which fit one relationship to Newtonian shear rates at each of the four temperatures independent of die dimensions. Plots of log true shear stress versus log true shear rate show curvilinear behavior for clear SBR 1712 elastomer over the entire shear rate range of 45-3900 sec.-1 at all four temperatures. The same plots for the HAF compound of SBR 1712 showed curvilinear behavior below shear rates of 100 sec.-1 and linear behavior above with a power law exponent of 6.1. There is a great difference in slopes between lower and higher shear rates at all four temperatures. This indicates that extrapolation from low shear rate instruments cannot be made to predict behavior at higher rates common to factory equipment. This observation holds for both clear SBR 1712 elastomer and its HAF compound. True shear stresses at corresponding true shear rates (and therefore viscosities) were considerably higher for the compound than for the clear elastomer, as was expected. However, the addition of black reduces the extent of deviation from Newtonian behavior. Even though uncorrected for recoverable shear strain, viscosities were calculated and used to calculate activation energies according to the Arrhenius equation. Straight lines were obtained covering temperatures at 90, 110, and 130°C. at all shear rates with activation energies of 1.5 kcal./mole of both the clear elastomer and its compound. Log viscosity at 80°C. in all cases was above the straight lines through the log viscosities at the other three temperatures. This indicates a higher activation energy at temperatures below 90°C. Addition of black apparently does not affect substantially the identity of the rheological unit. Extrusion die swell was found to decrease with increasing temperature and increasing L/D ratio at all rates of shear. At a given temperature it increases rate of shear. Swell was anisotropic for the clear elastomer but not for the compound.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080316
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    Wasseranalyse. Von R. K. Freier. Verlag Walter de Gruyter u. Co., Berlin 1964. 128 S. mit 10 Abb., geb. 24, -  DM (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 972-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151120
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    Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen im Apparatebau (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 977-987 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Copper-nickel alloys for apparatusBecause of their corrosion-chemical and mechanical properties, the alloys of the copper-nickel system are suitable for applications in the sphere of equipment construction. The binary alloys, both on a copper basis and on a nickel basis, can be improved by further alloying metals in respect of strength, workability and corrosion resistance. The different applications are illustrated by typical examples.
    Notes: Die korrosionschemischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierungen des Systems Kupfer-Nickel machen diese für vielseitige Verwendungen im Apparatebau geeignet. Die binären Legierungen sowohl auf Kupfer- als auch auf Nickel-Basis können durch weitere Zusätze hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Verarbeitung und Korrosions- beständigkeit verbessert werden. Für die Anwendungsgebiete werden typische Beispiele gegeben.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    Personalnachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 976-976 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151124
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    Masthead (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151201
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    Homogen verbleiter Stahl als Konstruktionswerkstoff. Teil III. Mechanisierte Verfahren der homogenen Verbleiung (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 991-995 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Homogeneously lead coated steel as a material of construction III. Mechanised processes for homogeneous lead coatingsDeparting from the classical German lead-coating method, an extensive synopsis is given of the mechanisation of homogeneous lead coating, making use of the oxy-acetylene burner. The report covers some of the author's own works as well as, on the basis of patent literature, the works carried out by the Broken Hill Assoc. Smelters Proprietary Ltd. and the Consolidated Mining & Smelters Company of Canada.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den klassischen deutschen Verbleiungsverfahren wird ein ausführlicher Überblick über die Mechanisierung der Homogen-Verbleiung unter Verwendung des Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Brenners gegeben. Berichtet wird über eigene einschlägige Arbeiten sowie an Hand der Patentliteratur über die der Broken Hill Assoc. Smelters Proprietary Ltd. und der Consolitated Mining & Smelters Comp. of Canada.
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    Eisenmetalle (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 1010-1015 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151208
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    Staub und Ruß als KorrosionsursachenVorgetragen auf der Diskussionstagung „Atmosphärische Korrosion der Metalle“, 7. u. 8. 11. 63 in Frankfurt/M. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 305-307 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion caused by dust and sootSoot and dust present in the atmosphere and in waste gases show great differences in quantity and composition. The corrosion damage, caused by them (and briefly discussed in the present paper) has correspondingly different characteristics which depend on the physical properties and chemical composition of these media.
    Notes: Ruß und Staub, die in der atmosphärischen Luft und in Abgasen in unterschiedlichen Mengen wie Beschaffenheit vorhanden sind, führen zu ebenso unterschiedlichen, von den physikalischen Eigenschaften und der chemischen Zusammensetzung dieser Medien abhängigen, kurz gekennzeichneten Korrosionsschäden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150404
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    Nichtrostende Stähle für die Automobilindustrie (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 293-299 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stainless steels for the motor car industryThe author reports on the use of stainless steels for ornamental parts of motor vehicles, on the basis of experience abroad, especially in America. Stainless chromium steels with 17 pC chromium or less are apt to fail under critical conditions, and should only be used for parts subjected to relatively low stresses. In contrast, much use can be made of chromium steels alloyed with molybdenum and chromenickel steels. German specifications have also led to the development of a chromemolybdenum steel (Material No. 1.4113) of a composition similar to that of the American steel AISI 434. The author discusses the composition and mechanical properties of the steels used in Germany for ornamental parts of motor cars.In a second part of the paper, a description is given of corrosion tests normally applied in Germany and in USA. The different tests also have certain drawbacks, which are indicated. A detailed comparison of the different testing methods, accompanied by test results, is intended to be the subject of a later communication.
    Notes: Es wird über die Verwendung nichtrostender Stähle für Kraftfahrzeugzierteile berichtet. Dabei wird von den Entwicklungen im Ausland und besonders den amerikanischen Erfahrungen ausgegangen. Nichtrostende Chromstähle mit 17% Cr oder weniger können unter kritischen Bedingungen versagen und sollten nur für geringer beanspruchte Teile gebraucht werden. Chromstähle mit Molybdänzusatz und Chrom-Nickel-Stähle sind dagegen weitgehend verwendbar. Die Abnahmebedingungen in Deutschland führten gleichfalls zur Entwicklung eines Chromstahls mit Molybdänzusatz (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4113), der in seiner Zusammensetzung dem amerikanischen Stahl AISI 434 gleicht. Es werden die Zusammensetzungen und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der in Deutschland für Zierteile gebräuchlichen Stähle genannt.In einem zweiten Teil werden Korrosionsprüfungen, wie sie in Deutschland und in USA üblich sind, beschrieben. Die verschiedenen Prüfungen weisen auch Nachteile auf, die angedeutet werden. Eine ausführliche Gegenüberstellung der einzelnen Prüfverfahren zusammen mit Versuchsergebnissen soll in einer späteren Mitteilung erfolgen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150402
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    Die atmosphärische Korrosion des durch Anstrich geschützten StahlesVortrag, gehalten auf der Diskussionstagung „Atmosphärische Korrosion der Metalle“ am 8. 11. 63 in Frankfurt/M. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 300-305 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric corrosion of coated steelIn the first section reactions between steel and base-coat are interpreted as starting the corrosion. On the metal surface it is a matter of electrolytic reactions between anodic and cathodic parts, as well as chemical reactions caused by foreign substances on and in the surface. In the coating-film the decisive role is played by the permeability of atmospheric substances.The second section deals with fundamental corrosion reactions beneath the coating. Three stages of corrosion process are distinguished, beginning with the formation of ferro-ions and ending with the precipitation of ferric oxides. The water permeability of the primers is responsible for initiating the first stage.In the third section the most important means of inhibiting the corrosion process are discussed; among them are the choice of the optimal film-forming matter, the correct pigmentation (qualitatively and quantitatively), and, finally, the incorporation of effective inhibitors in the film.
    Notes: Im ersten Teil werden Reaktionen in der Grenzfläche zwischen Stahl und Anstrichfilm dargelegt, die den Rostprozeß in Gang setzen. Auf der Metallseite handelt es sich um elektrolytische Vorgänge zwischen anodischen und kathodischen Bereichen sowie chemische Reaktionen an verunreinigenden Fremdkörpern auf und in der Eisenoberfläche. Auf der Filmseite spielt die Durchlässigkeit für atmosphärische Bestandteile die entscheidende Rolle.Der zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit den grundlegenden Unterrostungsreaktionen beim gestrichenen Stahl. Drei Stufen des Rostprozesses werden unterstrichen, die mit der Bildung von Ferro-Ionen beginnen und mit der Ausfällung von Eisenoxyden enden. Die Permeabilität der Grundierungen für Wasser setzt die erste Stufe in Gang.Im dritten Teil sind die wichtigsten Eingriffsmöglichkeiten für die Hemmung des Rostvorganges zur Diskussion gestellt. Hierzu gehören die Wahl des optimalen Filmbildners für den gegebenen Fall, die korrekte Pigmentierung (qualitativ wie quantitativ) und der Einbau wirksamer Hemmstoffe in den Film.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Technologie der kontinuierlichen Anodisierung von Aluminiumbändern und -drähten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Technology of the continuous anodisation of aluminium tapes and wiresFollowing an introductory synopsis, dealing in particular with the insulating Properties of anodised semi-finished products and their applications in the electrical industry, a detailed description given of the systematic anodisation tests carried out by the Institute for Metallurgical Research in Budapest. A special installation designed for the anodic oxidation of semi-finished products and an oxidation method already tried out on an industrial scale (pre-treatment, baths, working methods, post-treatment) are described and illustrated. In conclusion, the German, British, French and Hungarian testing methods for anodised semi-finished products are surveyed.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an einen einführenden Überblick, insbesondere über das lsolationsverhalten von anodisiertem Halbzeug und dessen Einsatz in der Elektrotechnik, wird ausführlich über die vom Institut für Metallforschung, Budapest, durchgeführten systematischen Anodisierungsversuche berichtet. In Wort und Bild beschrieben wird die für die anodische Halbzeugoxydation entwickelte Spezialanlage und das bereits großtechnisch erprobte Oxydationsverfahren, (Vorbehandlung, Bäder, Arbeitstechnik, Nachbehandlung). Abschließend wird ein Überblick über die deutschen, englischen, französischen und ungarischen Prüfverfahren für anodisiertes Halbzeug gegeben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150405
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    Werkstoffverhalten und Werkstoffeigenschaften (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 315-318 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150407
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    Nichteisenmetalle (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 321-323 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150409
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    Fasermetallurgie (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 313-315 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fibre metallurgyThrough producing a metallic fibre felt (fibre thickness 0.025 to 0.5 mm; fibre length 0.75 to 25 mm), one obtains compounds of high porosity (up to 97 pC) which, after sintering in a reducing atmosphere, can be processed by all conventional methods. In contrast to metal powder sinter products, the pores extend right across so that the material combines high permeability with a high surface/volume ratio. Virtually all metals and alloys can be converted into fibre substances. The only difficulties are encountered, during sintering, with metals with stable oxide films on the surface (Al). Among present applications are filters of high permeability, catalyst carriers, supporting grids for lead batteries, sound insulation, reinforcement of plastics, metals (Mg, Pb) and refractory ceramic compounds.
    Notes: Durch Herstellen eines metallischen Faserfilzes (Faserdicke 0,025 bis 0,5 mm, Faserlänge 0,75 bis 25 mm) erhält man Massen hoher Porosität (bis 97%), die nach Sintern in reduzierender Atmosphäre nach allen üblichen Verfahren bearbeitet werden können. Im Gegensatz zu Metallpulver-Sinterkörpern sind die Poren hier durchgehend, so daß das Material hohe Durchlässigkeit mit großem Verhältnis Oberfläche/Volumen vereinigt. Praktisch alle Metalle und Legierungen lassen sich in Faserkörper überführen, lediglich Metalle mit stabilen Oxydschichten auf der Oberfläche (Al) bieten Schwierigkeiten beim Sintern. Zu den bisherigen Anwendungen gehören Filter hoher Durchlässigkeit, Katalysatorträger, Stützgitter für Bleiakkumulatoren, Schallisolierung, Verstärkung von Kunststoffen, Metalle (Mg, Pb) und keramische hitzebeständige Massen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Werkstoffprüfverfahren und -einrichtungen (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 319-320 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150408
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    Nichtmetallische anorganische Werkstoffe (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 324-326 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150410
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    G. H. Lehmann. Erdöl-Lexikon. Mit engl.-dt. Fachwörterverzeichnis, 4. verb. und erw. Aufl., 345 S., 190 Abb. 1964, Verlagsanstalt Hüthig und Dreyer GmbH., Heidelberg. DM 29,80 (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 1070-1070 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151228
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    Metallische Überzüge (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 330-332 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150412
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    Patentschau (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 339-344 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150415
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    Handbuch der Galvanotechnik. Bd. I.: Grundlagen, Einrichtungen, Vorbehandlung. Teil 1. Herausgegeben von H. W. Dettner und J. Elze, Berlin, unter Mitwirkung von E. Raub, Schwäb. Gmünd. Carl Hanser Verlag München 1963. 648 S., 374 Bilder, 18 Tab., 4°, DM 125. - Gzl (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 345-345 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150416
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    Metal spraying and the flame deposition of ceramics and plastics. (Das Metallspritzverfahren und Flammspritzen von keramischen und Kunststoffen.) W. E. Ballard; F.R.I.C., F.I.M. 591 S., 280 Abb., 113 Zahlent. Vierte erweiterte Ausgabe der drei vorausgegenagenen „Metal spraying and sprayed metal“. Charles Griffin & Cie. Ltd., London 1963. Preis geb. 96 s. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 345-345 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150417
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    Überzüge organischer Natur (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 597-604 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150713
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    Patentschau (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 605-616 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150714
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    Ein Vergleich zwischen den Ergebnissen der elektrochemischen Korrosionsprüfmethoden und dem Verhalten der Werkstoffe in der PraxisPlenarvortrag, gehalten anläßlich des Europäischen Treffens für Chemische Technik, am 20. Juni 1964 in Frankfurt am Main. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 821-835 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Comparing the results of electro-chemical corrosion testing methods with the practical performance of the materialsThe paper provides an extensive synopsis of present-day knowledge and experience on this subject, with detailed bibliographical notes. The questions as to what extent the results of electrochemical corrosion testing methods permit conclusions concerning the expected performance of the materials in practice is discussed from various aspects. After a description of the test methodology applied to the determination of the stability ranges (activity, passivity, immunity) which can be defined by electrode potentials, the author deals with a number of applications such as: cathodic and anodic corrosion protection, determination of pit corrosion proneness and stress corrosion proneness, electrokinetic tests of the effectiveness of surface treatments, protection criteria for corrosion inhibitors. Finally, some applications in the field of industrial routine testing are discussed.
    Notes: Weitgefaßter Überblick des heutigen Kenntnis- und Erfahrungsstandes, mit ausführlichem Schrifttumsverzeichnis. Die Frage, wie weit die Ergebnisse elektrochemischer Korrosionsprüfmethoden Schlüsse auf das voraussichtliche Verhalten der Werkstoffe in der Praxis ermöglichen, wird unter verschiedenen Aspekten diskutiert. Nach einer Darstellung der Versuchsmethodik zur Ermittlung der durch Elektrodenpotentiale definierbaren Beständigkeitsbereiche (Aktivität, Passivität, Immunität) werden verschiedene Anwendungsgebiete erörtert: kathodischer und anodischer Korrosionsschutz, Ermittlung der Anfälligkeit für Lochfraß und Spannungskorrosion, elektrokinetische Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von Oberflächenbehandlungen, Schutzkriterien für Korrosionsinhibitoren. Schließlich werden einige Anwendungen bei der industriellen Routine prüfung mitgeteilt.
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    Werkstoffprüfverfahren und -einrichtungen (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 840-841 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151008
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    Nichteisenmetalle (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 848-854 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151010
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    Taschenbuch der Werkzeugmaschinen und Werkzeuge 1964. Herausgegeben von A. Linek. Fachverlag Schiele & Schön GmbH., Berlin, 1964. 460 S. mit zahlreichen Abb., Tafeln, Tab. und Berechnungen, Format 10,5 · 15,5 cm flexibler Plastikeinband, 7,50 DM (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 426-426 
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150516
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    Das Fachwissen des Metallgewerblers. F. Diefenbach. Teil 1: Werkstoffkunde und Fertigungsvorgänge. 4., verbesserte u. erweiterte Auflage. Bonn, Dümmler 1964. 262 S., 216 Abb., zahlreiche Tab. und Übersichten, Register. DIN A 5. Kart. mit Leinenrücken 8,40 DM.  -  Dümmlerb̈ch 5126 in der Reihe Dümmlers Fachbücherei (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 426-426 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150517
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    Hinweise für das Instandsetzungsschweißen an Kraftfahrzeugen. B. Fuhrmann und H. Wiebke. Bd. 5 der Schriftenreihe Schweißtechnik. Gemeinschaftsarbeit der Arbeitsgruppe: Schweißen an Straßenfahrzeugen des Deutschen Verbandes für Schweißtechnik. DIN C 5. 3. erweiterte Auflage. 166 S., 125 Abb. u. zahlr. Tab. 1963. Deutscher Verlag für Schweißtechnik, Düsseldorf. Preis: Halbleinen DM 11,80 (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 427-427 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150521
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    Nichtmagnetisierbare Gußeisenwerkstoffe und ihre Prüfung v. H. Dietrich, 63 S., 54 Abb., 9 Zahlentafeln. Herausgegeben von: Nickel-Informationsbüro GmbH., Düsseldorf 1 (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 427-427 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150524
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    Umschau (1964)
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 427-432 
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    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150525
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    Aus Industrie und Technik (1964)
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 432-436 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150526
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    Personalnachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 436-436 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150527
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    Nachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 436-436 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150528
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    Kurzreferate zu den Originalarbeiten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. XV 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150529
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    Masthead (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150601
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    Homogen verbleiter Stahl als Konstruktionswerkstoff (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 631-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Homogenously lead-coated steel as a structural material Part IA survey of the requirements stipulated by industrial plants in respect of works equipment and structural materials exposed to sulphur oxide corrosion is followed by a discussion of the advantages to be obtained from the use of homogeneous lead coating as an effective measure of protection. Departing from the conventional lead coating methods, the relevant developments (pretinning as advised by Flosel) are discussed.
    Notes: Nach einem Überblick über die Anforderungen, welche Industriewerke an Apparaturen und Konstruktionswerkstoffe stellen, die dem Angriff von Schwefeloxyden ausgesetzt sind, werden die Vorteile, welche die homogene Verbleiung als wirkungsvolles Schutzverfahren bietet, aufgezeigt. Ausgehend von den klassischen Verbleiungsverfahren wird die einschlägige Entwicklung (Vorverzinnung nach Flosol) dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150803
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    Härtbare korrosionsbeständige Stähle für die chemische Industrie (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 901-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hardenable corrosion-proof steels for the chemical industryThe designer of apparatus for the chemical industry is nowadays able to use a great number of materials which meet the most variegated specifications concerning their mechanical properties and chemical resistance. With higher mechanical stresses, the selection is confined to harder materials where little is known about their chemical resistance.The corrosion properties of hardenable steels with high chemical resistance have therefore been investigated in detail and have been compared with the well-known steels used for chemical apparatus. The investigation concerned the weight losses as well as the electronic characteristics. The steels mainly subjected to these tests comprise segregation-hardenable chrome-nickel steels and hardenable chrome steels. Most of the qualities recommended in literature proved to be inferior to those of the soft 18/9 chrome-nickel steels and 18/10 chrome-nickel-molybdenum steels. It is only the higher-alloyed segregation-hardened steels whose corrosion resistance is in keeping with the steel mentioned above.Chemically resistant structural steels for the industry are, in apparatus construction, generally used in the soft state. For this condition, there are adequate data permitting an assessment of the corrosion resistance in the most variegated media.If the chemical stress is associated with a mechanical stress, it is necessary to use chemically resistant steels of higher strength. Mechanical stresses on chemically resistant steels are mainly encountered at valves, slides, and hoisting equipment where materials of adequate hardness or with adequate hardness differentials must be used in order to reduce abrasion and erosion. The chemical resistance of these hard materials should be the same as that of the soft steel used for chemical apparatus.
    Notes: Dem Apparatebauer der chemischen Industrie steht heute eine große Zahl von Werkstoffen zur Verfügung, die bezüglich ihrer mechanischen Daten und chemischen Beständigkeit den verschiedensten Beanspruchungen genügen. Bei höherer mechanischer Beanspruchung wird die Auswahl auf härtere Werkstoffe beschränkt, über deren chemische Beständigkeit nur wenig bekannt ist.Die Korrosionseigenschaften härtbarer chemisch beständiger Stäble wurden daher eingehend geprüft und mit den bekannten Stählen des chemischen Apparatebaues verglichen. Die Untersuchung erstreckte sich sowohl auf die Gewichtsverluste als auch awf elektronische Kennziffern. Geprüft wurden vorwiegend ausscheidungshärtbare Chrom-Nickel-Stähle und härtbare Chromstähle. Die meisten der im Schrifttum empfohlenen Qualitäten erwiesen sich den weichen 18/9 Chrom-Nickel- und 18/10 Chrom-Nickel-Molybdän-Stählen unterlegen. Nur die höher legierten Ausscheidungshärter entsprechen in ihrem Korrosionsverhalten den obigen Apparatebaustählen.Chemisch beständige Baustähle für die Industrie werden allgemein in weichem Zustand vom Apparatebau verarbeitet. Für diesen Zustand verfügen wir über ausreichende Unterlagen zur Beurteilung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit in den verschiedensten Medien.Tritt zur chemischen Beanspruchung auch eine mechanische, so werden chemisch beständige Stähle höherer Festigkeit gefordert. Mechanische Beanspruchung chemisch beständiger Stähle tritt vor allem an Ventilen, Schiebern und Fördereinrichtungen auf, wo Werkstoffe mit ausreichender Härte bzw. Härteunterschieden eingesetzt werden müssen, um Verreibung und Abrieb zu vermindern. Die chemische Beständigkeit dieser harten Werkstoffe sol1 dieselbe sein wie die der weichen Apparatebaustähle.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151104
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    Erich Rabald 65 Jahre am 27. Januar 1964 (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 1-1 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150102
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    Zum Korrosionsverhalten gegossener AluminiumbronzenHerrn Prof. E. Rabald zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 27-30 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of cast aluminium bronzesCast aluminium bronzes are cast alloys consisting of at least 70 pC copper, with aluminium as the principal alloying material. In the form of multi-alloy aluminium bronzes, they also contain iron, nickel, manganese and silicon. They are distinguished by a number of favourable properties, including a high corrosion resistance.Special, non-standard “Inoxyda” aluminium bronzes have been subjected to corrosion tests. The results show that the choice of the alloying materials must depend on the liquid media in contact with the materials. Fullest success in technical applications can only be attained if the metal becomes covered by a dense, adhesive and non- porous protective layer, depending on the material and liquid, respectively. Each individual case must therefore be carefully innvestigated.
    Notes: Guß-Aluminiumbronzen sind Gußlegierungen aus mindestens 70% Cu und dem Hauptlegierungszusatz Aluminium. Als Guß-Mehrstoff-Aluminiumbronzen enthalten sie außerdem noch Eisen, Nickel, Mangan sowie Silicium. Eine Reihe günstiger Eigenschaften zeichnen sie aus, darunter auch gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Von den Normen abweichende Sonder-Aluminiumbronzen „Inoxyda“ wurden für Korrosionsversuche verwendet. Aus deren Ergebnissen geht hervor, daß die Wahl der Legierungszusätze den flüssigen Medien zu treffen ist, die mit den Werkstoffen in Berührung kommen. Die beste Bewährung bei Einsatz in deu Technik wird nur dann erreicht, wenn sich auf dem Metall jeweils eine dichte, festhaftende und porenfreie werkstoff- bzw. flüssigkeitsgebundene Schutzschicht bildet. Jeder Einzelfall ist deshalb genau zu prüfen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150106
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    Säurebau und SäureschutzHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Rabald zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 13-27 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acid-proof construction and acid protectionThe paper is intended to be a critical survey of the present state of acid protection technology. To distiguish them from “corrosion protection”, the notions of “acid-proof construction” and “acid protection” are defined. Because of the mechanical and thermal stresses which the bearing structure of the acid-proof construction must be expected to withstand, the subsoil must conform to very exacting requirements; these are discussed in detail for reinforced concrete and steel plate containers. There are, in principle, two methods of obtaining acid protection. The conventional method is based on the use of acid-proof bricks, laid with suitable mortars and jointing materials. The modern method is based on the exclusive use of plastics linings. The materials concerned are described in detail, together with their chemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics which determine their application ranges. The paper is supplemented by two practical examples, concerned with the acid-proofing of floors and containers, respectively.
    Notes: Die Arbeit soll einen kritischen Überblick über den heutigen Stand der Säureschutztechnik geben. Zur Abgrenzung vom Korrosionsschutz werden die Begriffe „Säurebau“ und „Säureschutz“ definiert. Auf Grand einer zu erwartenden mechanischen und thermischen Belastung der Tragkonstruktion für den Säureschutz sind strenge Anforderungen an die Untergrundbeschaffenheit zu stellen, die bei Stahlbeton- und Stahlblechbehältern im einzelnen dargestellt werden. Es gibt zwei Methoden zur Herstellung eines Säureschutzes. Bei der klassischen Methode werden säurefeste Steine unter Verwendung von entsprechenden Verlege- und Verfugewerkstoffen eingesetzt, bei der neuzeitlichen Methode hingegen lediglich Kunststoffbeschichtungen. Die jeweils verwendeten Werkstoffe werden im einzelnen unter Angabe der chemischen, mechanischen und thermischen Stoffwerte und damit der Einsatzgrenzen beschrieben. Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele für die Herstellung eines Säureschutzes bei Fußböden bzw. bei Behältern ergänzen die Darlegungen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150105
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    Über die Arbeitsbedingungen bei der elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Blei aus einem neuen, komplexen Bleiacetat-Bleisulfat-BadHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Rabald zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 8-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The working conditions associated with the electrolytic deposition of lead from a new complex lead acetate-lead sulphate bathBy means of systematic series of tests, the optimum concentration of the bath constituents, temperature, PH value and current density were determined. The investigations also extended to the porosity and corrosion resistance of the lead coatings obtained. It was found that the lead coatings obtained from the complex lead acetate-lead sulphate bath are virtually free from pores if the layer is no thicker than about 12 microns; they are therefore highly resistant. The bath contents of complex dissolved lead sulphate and of organic substances have an important bearing on the deposition of homogeneous fine-grain coatings. The optimum limits for the composition of the bath and the working conditions for the lead bath are stated.
    Notes: Durch systematische Versuchsreihen wurden die optimale Konzentration der Badbestandteile sowie die Temperatur, der pH, Wert und die Stromdichte ermittelt. Auch die Porosität und Korrosionsbeständigkeit der erhaltenen Bleiüberzüge wurde untersucht. Dabei zeigte es sich, daß die aus dem komplexen Bleiacetat-Bleisulfatbad erhaltenen Bleiüberzüge bereits bei einer Schichtdicke von etwa 12 Mikron praktisch porenfrei und dadurch sehr beständig sind. Der Gehalt des Bades an komplex gelöstem Bleisulfat sowie an organischen Stoffen ist für die Abscheidung feinkörniger und gleichmäßiger Überzüge sehr wesentlich. Die optimalen Grenzen der Zusammensetzung des Bades und der Arbeitsbedingungen des Bleibades werden angeführt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150104
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    Umschau (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 972-973 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151121
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    Aus Industrie und Technik (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 973-976 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151122
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    Nachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 976-976 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151123
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    Vanadin  -  Niob  -  Tantal. Die Metallurgie der reinen Metalle und ihrer Legierungen. R. Kieffer und H. Braun. 1963, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Göttingen/Heidelberg. 206 Abb., XII, 347 S., Ganzl. DM 76. -  (Reine und angewandte Metallkunde in Einzeldarstellungen. Herausgeg. von W. Köster, 18. Band) (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 289-289 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150316
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    Mo  -  Less-Common Alloys of Molybdenum. M. G. Manzone und J. Z. Briggs. 190 S., zahlr. Abb., (1962) Climax Molybdenum Co., 1270 Ave. of The Americas, New York 20, N. Y. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 289-289 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150317
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    Handbuch für Hafenbau und Umschlagstechnik. Herausgeg. im Auftr. der Hafenbautechnischen Gesellschaft e.V., von der „Hansa“ Zeitschrift für Schiffahrt  -  Schiffbau  -  Hafen, Band VIII, 235 Seiten, zahlr. Abb., 1963 Schiffahrts-Verlag „Hansa“ C. Schroedter & Co., Hamburg (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 288-288 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150314
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    Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. C. D. Hodgman, R. C. Weast, R. S. Shankland und S. M. Sel by, Cleveland (Ohio) 1963, 44. Aufl., 3604 S., Preis DM 53, - , geb. Alleinauslieferung für Deutschland Verlag Chemie GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstr (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 289-289 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150318
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    Korrosion von Asbestrohren durch aggressive Wässer (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 988-991 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of asbestos pipes by aggressive watersIn Bulgaria, asbestos pipes (made of Portland cement and chrysotil or amphibol asbestos, with calcium hydrosilicates, hydro-aluminates, hydro-ferrites and hydroxides as setting products) serve for the drainage of corrosive waters (rain, snow and mineral water). Depending on the constituent materials, and on the composition, temperature, pressure and exposure period o f the water, the type and degree of the corrosion effects vary. On the strength of experience gathered over many years from asbestos pipes installed in different places, the authors deal in some detail with the performance, in principle, of asbestos pipes exposed to soft water, hard water and mineral water.
    Notes: Asbestrohre (Aufbaustoffe: Portlaunzement und Chrysotil- bzw. Amphibol- asbest  -  Abbindeprodukte: Ca-Hydrosilicate, -Hydroaluminate, -Hydroferrite und -Hydroxyd) dienen in Bulgarien zur Fortleitung aggressiver Wässer (Regen-, Schnee- und Mineralwasser). Sie werden je nach Aufbaustoffen, Zusammensetzung, Temperatur, Druck und Einwirkungsdauer des Wassers unterschiedlich stark und verschiedenartig angegriffen. Aus dem langjährigen praktischen Verhalten von an verschiedenen Stellen installierten Asbestrohren wird über deren grundsätzliches Verhalten gegenüber weichem und hartem Wasser sowie Mineralwasser ausführlich berichtet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151203
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    Nachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 291-291 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150322
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    Personalnachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 291-292 
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150323
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