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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of carbon-13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance data and E.degree. values for a series of chromium pentacarbonyl complexes (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 22 (1983), S. 989-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00148a030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An in vitro model for the enzymatic coupling of farnesol (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 90 (1968), S. 4758-4759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01019a062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confirmation that Thiobacillus halophilus and Thiobacillus hydrothermalis are distinct species within the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 138-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThiobacillus taxonomy ; Thiobacillus halophilus ; Thiobacillus hydrothermalis ; DNA ; hybridization ; mol% G+C ; 16S rRNA sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiobacillus halophilus and Thiobacillus hydrothermalis share 98.7% similarity in 16S rRNA sequence, possess similar gross DNA composition (64.2 and 67.4 mol% G+C values, respectively), and have similar physiological properties. While this might have indicated that they were strains of a single species, DNA-DNA hybridization between the type strains of the two species showed only 59% hybridization, indicating the organisms to be different at the species level. Thiobacillus neapolitanus is the phylogenetically nearest neighbour of T. halophilus and T. hydrothermalis (91.6–92.1% similarity in 16S rRNA sequence) and is the only other Thiobacillus in the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria that can be regarded as exclusively related to these two species. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these three species are so different from those of the other thiobacilli in the γ-subclass that they justify recognition as a distinct phyletic group. Their comparative properties are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050625
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of chemoautotrophic metabolism (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 69 (1969), S. 330-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The growth of several strains of Thiobacillus neapolitanus and of T. concretivorus was inhibited by l-phenylalanine. Inhibited T. neapolitanus organisms were unchanged morphologically and little altered in gross carbon content, but cultures growing in the presence of partially inhibitory concentrations of phenylalanine excreted more of the 14C fixed from 14CO2 than did control cultures. Phenylalanine inhibition could be reversed by tyrosine, tryptophan and several other amino acids. Tryptophan greatly stimulated the growth of T. concretivorus. 14C-phenylalanine was incorporated by T. neapolitanus and T. concretivorus, but was not converted to tyrosine. Phenylalanine depressed 14C-phenylalanine synthesis from 14CO2 by growing T. neapolitanus and also depressed 14C-tyrosine synthesis by non-growing organisms. Tyrosine and phenylalanine synthesis from 14CO2 was depressed by shikimate, and by their respective precursors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and phenylpyruvate. The well known branched pathway for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis was concluded to function in T. neapolitanus, and the probability that phenylalanine inhibited growth by interference with this pathway is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of chemoautotrophic metabolism (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 69 (1969), S. 360-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DAHP synthetase (PODH lyase, EC4.1.2.15.) activity was demonstrated in undialysed and dialysed extracts of the wild type strain C and phenylalanine-resistant variant P4 of T. neapolitanus. Activity at pH 6.4 in extracts of both strains was inhibited at least 50% by 10-5 M phenylalanine. Strain C enzyme was inhibited at least 80% by 10-3M tyrosine, but was relatively unaffected by tryptophan. Tryptophan stimulated the P4 enzyme threefold at 10-5–10-4M. Inhibition of the P4 enzyme by phenylalanine could be virtually completely prevented by tyrosine or tryptophan, but these acids and histidine were much less effective in preventing inhibition of the strain C enzyme. Maximum activity in extracts of both strain C and P4 was obtained at pH 8.9, at which pH DAHP synthesis was 8 times greater than at pH 6.4. Activity at pH 8.9 in dialysed extracts of P4 showed K M values of 1.43×10-3 M and 4×10-3 M for E-4-P and PEP respectively. K i values for competitive inhibition by l-phenylalanine were 5.4×10-6 M and 1.45×10-5 M respectively for ranges of concentration of E-4-P and PEP. Inhibition of the growth of strain C by phenylalanine was concluded to be due to prevention of tyrosine and tryptophan synthesis through inhibitiom of DAHP synthesis. Resistance to phenylalanine was conferred on the mutant P4 by its possession of a system by which inhibition of DAHP synthesis by phenylalanine was prevented by tyrosine and tryptophan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408576
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of organic acids by Thiobacillus neapolitanus (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 73 (1970), S. 177-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparative study has been made of the metabolism in several strains of Thiobacillus neapolitanus of formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate and pyruvate. Conflicting reports in the literature concerning the mechanism of pyruvate assimilation in thiobacilli have been resolved. Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation to yield acetyl coenzyme A, which is converted to glutamate, proline and arginine via reactions of the incomplete Krebs' cycle of this organism. Pyruvate is converted also to alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine by mechanisms like those in heterotrophs. No aspartate is formed from the C-3 of pyruvate. Removal of the C-1 of pyruvate yields carbon dioxide, which is refixed into all cell constituents. Formate is not produced by this scission reaction, as formate itself is incorporated almost exclusively into purines. Aspartate can be synthesized by the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and oxaloacetate-glutamate transamination. Carbon from propionate is converted principally to lipids, although some amino acid production occurs with the same distinctive labelling pattern as is found after acetate assimilation by T. neapolitanus strains C and X. Butyrate and valerate also showed some distinctive patterns of incorporation into cell constituents. Fluoropyruvate and fluoropropionate inhibited the growth of T. neapolitanus and the mechanisms of this poisoning are discussed. Generally these compounds contributed only small proportions of the total cell carbon and tended to be converted to limited numbers of cell components. The thiobacilli thus tend to conserve carbon from these compounds and not to degrade them to carbon dioxide on a large scale when growing in an otherwise autotrophic medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotrophic growth of Thiobacillus A2 on sugars and organic acids (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus A2 ; Facultative heterotrophy ; Diauxic growth ; Sugar metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiobacillus A2 grew on a number of organic acids, pentoses, hexoses and α-linked disaccharides, but not on β-linked disaccharides or galactosides. Growth was slow on glucose, although fast-growing strains were selectively isolated. Additive growth rates occurred on glucose and galactose; growth on glucose with fructose, pyruvate or gluconate was biphasic rather than diauxic; fructose was used preferentially over glucose; slow growth on glucose was accelerated by some disaccharides; growth on acetate, fumarate or succinate with glucose gave diauxic growth with preferential use of the acid and repression of glucose incorporation. Acetate and succinate tended to be used preferentially even with cultures grown on them in mixture with fructose or sucrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492033
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous operation of three catabolic pathways in the metabolism of glucose by Thiobacillus A2 (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus A2 ; Glucose metabolism ; Regulation ; Enzymology ; Radiorespirometry ; Multiple catabolic pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enzymes essential to the operation of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway were present in Thiobacillus A2 grown on glucose and other sugars. Radiorespirometry under various conditions with Thiobacillus A2 oxidising glucose specifically labelled with 14C in carbon atoms 1, 2, 3, 3+4, 6 or universally labelled demonstrated the simultaneous operation of the Embden-Meyerhof (48%), Entner-Doudoroff (28%), and pentose phosphate (24%) pathways in release of carbon dioxide from glucose. Growth on succinate, or autotrophically on formate or thiosulphate resulted in repression of most enzymes of the pathways, but high aldolase levels were retained indicating its role in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle. Different fructose diphosphatase activities were found in succinate- and thiosulphate-grown organisms. The results indicate that all three major catabolic pathways for glucose function in Thiobacillus A2 grown on sugars. Thiobacillus acidophilus showed a different radiorespirometric pattern and apparently used the Entner-Doudoroff (64.5%) and pentose phosphate (35.5%) pathways, but showed unusually high release of carbon atom 6, as was also found for T. ferrooxidans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492034
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triple catabolic pathways for glucose in a fast-growing strain ofThiobacillus A2 (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 309-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus A2 (GFI) ; Glucose metabolism ; Radiorespirometry ; Multiple catabolic pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glucose catabolism was evaluated radiorespirometrically in a fast-growing strain (GFI) ofThiobacillus A2, using glucose specifically labelled ith14C in carbon atoms 1, 2, 3, 3 + 4, 6 and universally labelled. Three simultaneously functional catabolic pathways were found to operate: Embden Meyerhof (54.6%), Entner-Doudoroff (34.4%) and pentose phosphate (11%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose catabolism by Thiobacillus A2 grown in chemostat culture under carbon or nitrogen limitation (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus A2 ; Radiorespirometry ; Chemostat culture ; Glucose metabolism ; Multiple metabolic pathways ; Metabolic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiobacillus A2 was grown in glucose- or ammonium-limited chemostats and relative contributions of the Embden-Meyerhof (EM), Entner-Doudoroff (ED) and pentose phosphate (PP) pathways to glucose catabolism estimated by 14C-glucose radiorespirometry. In fast growing strain GFI, the EM pathway predominated (41–79%) under all growth conditions with the PP pathway contributing 18–30%. The ED pathway was apparently absent under some conditions of glucose limitation. In contrast, wild type Thiobacillus A2 exhibited predominance of the EM pathway (43–48%) under ammonium-limitation but apparent predominance of the PP pathway (43–55%) under glucose-limitation, although all three pathways were calculated to operate. Under some conditions of glucose limitation the EM pathway was possibly considerably depressed. No clear pattern of response of the three pathways to altered environmental conditions could be deduced, although marked change in pathway activities were obviously induced. Growth yield was apparently unaffected by variation in pathways. The problems of interpreting such complex radiorespirometric data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411296
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