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  • Articles  (238)
  • Chemical Engineering  (238)
  • 1960-1964  (238)
  • Physics  (238)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • Articles  (238)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An introduction to the symposium on new methods of evaluating polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020223
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olefin-substituted silicas as active fillers for polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Silicas have been synthesized of which the OH groups have been substituted for organic radicals with double bonds. The methanol, benzene and heptane sorption isotherms of the olefin-substituted silica specimens have been determined. It has been shown that the sorption of the vapors decreases with increasing substitution of the OH group by the organic radicals. The organosubstituted silicas were used as fillers of polymethylmethacrylate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020222
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed testing… A new dimension in polymer evaluation (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new universal tester is described, basically capable of testing samples in the 0.2 to 8000 inches/minute range. With servo controls a load-elongation curve is obtained which is a measure of material response independent of the machine. Load cell output is fed into the Y axis of an oscilloscope and displacement to the X axis. Useful where deviation from viscoelastic theory is suspected in time-temperature behaviour, for following impact behaviour and molecular decomposition.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020224
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of microscopy to aid surface coating evaluation (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 152-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By observing the surface and internal portions of a film with an electron microscope, information is obtained about the binder structure, pigment distribution and compatibility of the plasticizer. On a larger scale the light microscope can detect imperfections in vortex cells, which can be eliminated by proper solvent formulation, and crystalline bloom which is influenced by plasticizer and light polymer migration. When plasticizer exudes to the surface the durability of the coating is lowered in the two types of exposure, the difference of which can be determined by plasticizer migration.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020226
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography. A new tool for the analysis of plastics (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Identification was described by analysis of pyrolysis products, a method which is complicated by the variety of degradation products, but the decomposition products are fairly specific. The pyrolysis technique was used for a quantitative analysis of acrylate and maleate esters in polymers via a hydriodic acid hydrolysis technique. Because of the low volatility of the higher alkyl halides higher esters were saponified at elevated temperatures and the resultant alcohols were chromatographed. Then vinyl acetate was analyzed on the basis of the quantitative yield of acetic acid from polyvinyl acid pyrolysis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxyluminescence-a new tool for testing the stability of polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 161-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It was observed that light is emitted upon polymer oxidation; intensity of light is proportional to oxygen concentration on the surface and presence of an antioxidant effects the emission of light. A linear relationship was found to exist between integrated light intensity and the number of carbonyl atoms formed. In addition concentration of antioxidants present and their synergistic effects can be measured by this method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free radical kinetics in irradiated ethyl cellulose as determined by electron spin resonance measurements (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electron spin resonance techniques are used to investigate the structure and decay of radicals produced in irradiated ethyl cellulose. Approximately 99% of the radicals trapped at liquid nitrogen temperature appear to be - C2H4. radicals. These decay immeasurably fast at room temperature. The relatively stable doublet that remains is believed to be due to the CH—O radical. The kinetics of the doublet decay are studied as a function of temperature and dose. The data may be interpreted as resulting from simultaneous first and second order processes at lower doses and from a second order process at higher doses.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of brittle failures of polyethylene by subjection to biaxial stress (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: First and second order effects of density and melt index were found to be significant with stress level a significant factor in determining failure time using Maltese Cross shaped specimens. Stress and temperature had the greater influence on failure. Influence of temperature-viscosity interaction is of concern along with transition in the mode of failure from ductile to brittle type. Reduction in the effect of melt index with increasing density is in accord with new theories on polyethylene crystal structure. It was also shown that higher modulus materials fail more rapidly.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020230
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant efficiency versus structure (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 250-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Antioxidant efficiency versus structure was investigated using rate of carbonyl formation at 110 and 170°C of a 20 mil plaque of polyethylene containing 0.01 weight % additive. This study indicates that the following are important in phenolic and amine antioxidants: 1The number of H. atoms available: Antioxidant efficiency is increased by adding a second hydroxyl group as well as by introducing a methylene bridge.2The number and location of substituents: Alkyl substitution of the phenolic ring is an important factor in stabilization. Groups which decrease the strength of the NH bond increase the effectiveness of amine antioxidants.3Solubility: The less compatible the antioxidant, the poorer its stabilizing action.4Volatility: Many stabilizers are ineffective at high temperature because of volatilization.5Bridge between rings: A sulfide bridge can be equivalently substituted for a methylene bridge.6The need for stabilization of the radical formed after removal of H: This stabilization could occur via; Hydrogen bonded chelates, resonance and steric hindrance.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020314
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental measurement of roll-separating forces during milling of plastics (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A “milling viscosity” test has been developed which measures the roll-separating forces encountered during milling of experimental compound formulations on a carefully set-up and controlled laboratory two-roll mill. A small 8-in. x 16-in. laboratory mill was equipped with force-measuring dynamometers and used to explore the actions of different vinyl-resin compounds. The instrument has proven to be useful in developing thermoplastic materials, in providing an index for predicting the tendency of a material to deflect calender rolls, and as an aid in estimating the forces which may be encountered in full-size equipment.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020403
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of normal stress on creep in tension and compression of polyethylene and rigid polyvinyl chloride copolymer (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: New apparatus suitable for compression creep tests of slender specimens is described. The apparatus is designed to prevent buckling and to introduce a minimum of friction. Results are reported for tension and compression creep of polyethylene and annealed, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride copolymer at 75 deg F and 50 per cent relative humidity. The stress, σ, strain ε, time t data from these tests were found to be describable with reasonable accuracy by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \varepsilon = \varepsilon' \circ {\rm sinh }\sigma {\rm /}\sigma _\varepsilon + {\rm m't}^{\rm n} {\rm sinh }\sigma {\rm /}\sigma {\rm m} $$\end{document}where εm′, m′, σε and σm are material constants.The results for polyethylene show that the creep in tension and compression were virtually the same. Creep in tension was similar but larger than in compression for polyvinyl chloride.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020404
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface effects of various environments and of thermosetting resins on the strength of glass (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glass rods were etched to reduce their surface flaws and hence to increase their flexural strength. They were then subjected to various environments to see how these would affect their strength and hence their surface. It appeared that no liquid environments affected their strength. This included boiling water. The effect of curing resin against the surface was also shown as was subsequent boiling: Shell Epon 828 appeared to increase the strength of the rods, but only when there was a surface treatment of Union Carbide A-1100 or Owens-Corning 801.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020412
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial properties of an amine-modified silane and its performed polymer at E-glass surfaces (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 326-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of triethoxysilylpropylamine and its polymer onto 325 mesh E-glass from both aqueous and non-aqueous systems has been investigated. The amount adsorbed from an aqueous solution onto an E-glass surface corresponds to that obtained by others workers using different techniques. Solid preformed A-1100 polymer (II) was found to be unstable. Upon prolonged standing a basic gas, identified as ammonia, was liberated. Experimental results indicate that the amount adsorbed is related to the number of ethoxy groups on the molecule. However, the mechanism of silane attachment is still not completely understood.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020413
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of catalyst concentrations on one-shot polyether flexible urethane foams (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Variations were made in the concentration of tin and amine catalysts used in a typical one-short polyether flexible foam system. Differences in foaming characteristics and foam stability were correlated with the relative rates of the chemical reactions which are believed to occur during the foaming process. Physical properties measured on the samples showed in many cases a dependence on the balance between the tin and amine catalysts.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760030206
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallinity in high polymers and copolymers: A determining factor for their practical applications (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationships between crystallinity and physical and technological properties of high polymers are examined. In addition, the relationships between structure and crystallinity are discussed and polymers consisting of asymmetric monomeric units are examined in particular. In correspondence with the different possible configurational successions, different conformational characteristics (chain structures) and different physical properties are observed. Polytactic polymers are taken into consideration for the most part. With regard to copolymers, various types of crystalline polymers, in particular those which due to isomorphism of monomeric units are crystalline for any composition, and new classes of alternating copolymers are described.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760030204
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of perfluorostyrene and (2,2-difluorovinyl) perfluorobenzene (a-hydroheptafluorostyrene) (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: These compounds were synthesized by starting with the addition of the Grignard reagent of bromopentafluorobenzene to trifluoroacetaldehyde and chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde, respectively. The new alcohols, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-α-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl alcohol and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-α-(chlorodifluoromethyl) benzyl alcohol, are formed in good yield and undergo smooth conversion to (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) perfluorobenzene and (2-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethyl) perfluorobenzene, respectively, in excellent yield when treated with sulfur tetrafluoride using n-pentane as diluent. The major pyrolysis product was identified as (2,2-difluorovinyl) perfluorobenzene (α-hydroheptafluorostyrene) and the minor one as perfluorostyrene. Perfluorostyrene was also synthesized in excellent yield by bromination of (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) perfluorobenzene and subsequent pyrolysis of the brominated derivative. The dehydrochlorination of (2-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethyl) perfluorobenzene provided another good synthesis of perfluorostyrene.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760030311
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On aging of plastics in structural applications (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Expanding interst in using plastics for structural pruposes immediately focuses attention on their poermanence. This desired quality is broadly defined as the persistence of a specific set of properties of a given asembly or manufactured product, in its appropriate environment, for an economically justified duration. Analysis of existing test methods, primarily those standardized by ASTM, shows no really applicable techniques for measuring permanence. By contrast, more advanced thinking presented by recent ASTM stmposia indicates two general routes to the porediction of performances. Whether a rigorous “micromechanistic” technique is used, or the empirical “macroanalytical” approach, or some combination of the two, is considered irrelevant. What is important is that experimental programs be started to provide better measures of permanence.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040313
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weathering of plastics (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The current status of weathering of plastics is reviewed. As a better understanding of the effective degradative parameters of weather are obtained, it is aparent that complex interactions occur. Present laboratory exposure tests do not simulate natural conditions sufficiently to provide the much neede reliable short term exposure test for predicting long term durability. While a major step forward occurred with the introduction of filtered xwnon lamps, which simulate terrestrial sunlight both in intensity and distribution, industry-wide support of fundamental studies of degradation is necessary if weathering studies are to be conducted scientifically.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040314
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  • 19
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    Fifteen years of weathering results (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The work carried out at Picatinny Arsenal on the weathering of plastics over the lat 15 years is briefly described. Although the perid of work was 15 years, individual systems were exposed for only three years. The need for running parallel tests on materials stored indoors for the three years is pointed out as a means of separating the effects of daging from weathering. Also brielfy discussed is the influence which the test method chosen can have on the judgment reached. The requirements of the application are as important as the inherent durability of the material. Improved compounds are becoming available and complete reporting of both favorable and unfavorable resuts is urged as a means of lending guidance in the search for still better compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040315
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040401
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  • 21
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 242-244 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040402
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  • 22
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    Comments on the paper (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 336-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760020416
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  • 23
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    Moldability of plastics based on melt rheology. Part II - practical applications (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An expression for the “average” viscosity of a polymeric material realized during an injection molding shot is developed. From this expression certain rheological quantities are taken which should better express ease of molding than do conventional testing methods. Comparison is made between actual molding experience and quality as predicted by the new method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760030109
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  • 24
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    Some bonding characteristics of nitrile-phenolic liquid adhesives (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 42-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is demonstrated that the bonding characteristics of commercial liquid adhesive primers made from nitrile rubbers and phenol-formaldehyde polymers, cured by means of hexamethylenetetramine can be quite sensitive to the presence of small amounts of excess water and ammonia. The added water partially decomposes the hexamethylenetetramine to formaldehyde and ammonia, the concentration of the latter thus increasing to such a point as to promote a lower temperature curing of the phenolic resin. Restoration of the original adhesive properties can be attained by the addition of reagents which remove either the water or the ammonia, or both, from the adhesive. Examples of such reagents are certain organic acids, anhydrides and peroxides. The addition of these reagents has been found to reactivate and increase greatly the useful lives of nitrile-phenolic liquid adhesive primers containing hexamethylenetetramine.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760030110
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  • 25
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    The relationship between optical exaltation and polymerizability of olefins. Correlation of exaltation with copolymerization (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Monomers for which the necessary information was obtained for comparison included the following: styrene, α-methylstyrene, cis and trans-propenylbenzene, allylbenzene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, o-, m-, and p-chlorostyrene, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dichlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, and p-tert-butylstyrene. In both free radical and ionic copolymerizations involving similar monomers, plots of the logarithms of the relative reactivities of several substituted styrenes toward the styrene and methyl methacrylate radicals versus the differences existing between the exaltations of substituted styrenes and the exaltation of styrene were strikingly similar to those in which Hammett's sigma values for the styrene substituents were plotted against the relative reactivities of the substituted styrenes.
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    Crystalline organization in useful plastics (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The size of the crystallites in nylon 66, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyethylene correlates with the degree of crystallinity. This supports the suggestion that the amorphous content of partially crystallized polymers can be attributed to chain folds and other regions directly related to the crystalline structure, at least down to a level of 40-60% crystallinity. In all cases, the term “percent crystallinity” is a useful unifying concept expressing the over-all degree of order including mesomorphic structures, the relative amounts of ordered and disordered material, and the quality of the ordered regions.
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    The polymerization and long-term stability of room temperature curing epoxy resins (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of resin mass on the degree of crosslinking during the initial polymerization of three typical polymer compounds was determined by electrical resistivity techniques. Activation energies for the electrical conduction process (Ec) were calculated and used as an index of the extent of additional crosslinking occurring during sixteen months of storage. Test data show continued polymerization at slow rates for periods of time ranging from three days to over sixteen months before the polymerization process is completed. The final degree of crosslinking is shown to be dependent on the extent of initial crosslinking.
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    Microencapsulation by interfacial polycondensationSubject matter of U.S. Patent Application, Serial No. 813425 (1959), abandoned. (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 71-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A water immiscible liquid is encapsulated in a thin skin of an insoluble copolymer by dissolving a difunctional acid chloride in said liquid and spraying the solution in fine droplets into a dilute aqueous solution of excess glycol or diamine. The polymer, which is not hygroscopic, forms as an insoluble film on the periphery of each drop. The microcapsules may be separated from the aqueous phase and dried without coalescing. Dyes, pigments, stabilizers, and other materials may be incorporated within the capsules.
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    Tensile creep and recovery of compression molded polypropylene samples (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simplified creep apparatus was used to evaluate the creep and recovery of polyethylene and polypropylene. The creep resistance of polypropylene containing as much as 9% n-heptane (boiling) soluble material is superior to that of linear polyethylene. The lower the boiling n-heptane soluble content, the better the resistance to creep. The creep resistance of polypropylene is also improved by annealing.
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    Determination of functional groups in epoxy resins by near-infrared spectroscopy (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 78-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Analysis in liquid or solid state and in various conditions of cure, have been developed. The analysis is carried out by spectroscopy in the near-infrared region. Epoxy values are determined preferably at 2.205 microns, or else at 1.159 microns. The required path length in the specimen is between 1 and 10 mm, solid resins were examined either in disposable glass cells or in the form of cast sheet. A direct method of evaluation is used when the path length is precisely known, a relative method based on internal calibration when this is not the case. Similarly, a near-infrared method for the determination of hydroxyl groups in epoxy resins was developed. The use of the isosbestic principle led to an accurate method for the determination of hydroxy values in uncured epoxy resins.
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    The interpretation of tacticity measurements (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To date, quantitative stereochemical data are available for a few polymers only. A convenient and graphic representation of this data has been developed. Analysis of this data yields two parameters characterizing a polymer, one representing the tacticity and the other representing the nature of the tactic sequence distribution. The statistical parameters obtained may be related to the polymerization conditions and, hence, to the mechanism of stereoregulation. Furthermore they may be related to a number of physical properties, such as melting point, equilibrium crystallinity, and melting curve. Thus, the proper analysis of the NMR data supplies a link between polymerization conditions and the properties of the resulting polymer.
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    Influence of channel curvature on flow, pressure distribution, and power requirements of screw pumps and melt extruders (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 176-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of channel curvature on flow through screw pumps and melt extruders is derived for infinite channel aspect ratios. Flow rate and horsepower relations for flow of Newtonian liquids are given as functions of design parameters. The results of this cylindrical theory are compared with those of conventional theories. Curvature factors converting the equations of the flat plate theory to those of the cylindrical theory are shown. Pressure distributions in screw pump channel are analyzed.
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    Continuous mixing of very viscous fluids in an annular channel (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 192-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mixing of viscous fluids in an annular channel is analyzed theoretically. Four basic mixing patterns are described which can be generated by altering the relative rotational velocities of the annular boundaries. Only one aspect of the mixing problem is isolated, i.e., reduction in striation thickness. Problems of front to back mixing to iron out variations of feed stream composition and mixing of solid particles are not considered. The theory was verified experimentally using molten polystyrene.
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    Effect of density and orientation on the permeability of polypropylene film (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 186-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The permeability of films to O2, CO2, and H2O vapor is reduced by drawing processes. The permeability data are compatible with the hypothesis that crystallinity reduces permeability because of (1) a decrease in the volume fraction of penetrable amorphous polymer; (2) a lengthening of the diffusion path by impenetrable barriers, presumably crystallites; and (3) a reduction in segmental motion within the amorphous volume. Analysis of the effect of molecular diameter on diffusion rate shows that the segmental motion within amorphous polypropylene regions is less than that in natural rubber.
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    Impact behavior of a nitrile elastomer (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 210-219 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This investigation studies the behavior of several cylindrical specimens of a Buna-N elastomer subjected to compression impact by a finite mass. Initial strain rates fall in the range between 40/sec and 400/sec, with maximum nominal strains up to 0.4. It is shown that values of nominal stress, true and nominal strain, energy dissipation and impact duration can be correlated with elastomer geometry and initial kinetic energy by means of two parameters derived from an analysis of a linear viscoelastic model. Other sources of variability of elastomer behavior are discussed.
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    The quenched state of polypropylene (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 29-33 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are several pieces of evidence in the published literature for the existence of a hexagonal crystalline form of polypropylene. Evidence obtained by infrared absorption, x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and annealing experiments is consistent with the view that the quenched state of polypropylene is a truly crystalline one (presumably of hexagonal type) with a very small crystallite size.
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    Dielectric measurements elucidate structure of acrylic polymers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 34-38 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric measurements made at 60 cycles per second over a temperature range of -40 to 200°C on small (0.2 g) samples arc most useful in studying acrylic polymers. Not only has this method elucidated structure, but the study of some structures has led to new interpretations emphasizing the value of this type of measurement. Data on a number of acrylic polymers are shown. Several copolymer systems are discussed. It is suggested that 60 c/s measurement of stereospecific PMMA samples can show more about molecular arrangements than has previously been revealed.
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    Oxygen absorption studies on polypropylene (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 39-44 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation of the effect of sample dimensions on the oxidation of polypropylene is described. The results are used to select testing conditions. Two examples of the utility of the method are presented. First, a control method for uninhibited polypropylene and, secondly, an investigation of the synergistic effect between 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol and dilaurylthiodipropionate.
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    Fireproofing of polymers with derivatives of phosphines and with halogen-phosphorus compounds (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 45-55 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemical structures limited to phosphines and their derivatives, including phosphine oxides, phosphonium salts and halogen-phosphorus compounds useful for fireproofing are discussed. In addition to these P-C bond containing compounds, structures containing P-O-C bonds are mentioned only if they are directly formed from halophosphorus substances. The general approaches to fireproofing are described. They include physical changes, unreactive additives, reactive comonomers, substitution of other functional groups and addition to a preformed polymer. Much of the literature is reviewed and the commercial importance of certain methods for both cloth and plastics are indicated.
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    Pending patent law could impede scientific progress (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 72-72 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    The transparency of crystalline polymers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 66-71 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Much past confusion has originated from attempts to describe the complete optical properties of a plastic in terms of a few ill-defined parameters. Simple light-scattering theory and studies of morphology have been combined in this article to suggest the causes of polymer opacity; methods cited for the improvement of transparency and properties of reflectance have been re-examined in this light. It is concluded that the optical properties displayed by a polymer which is allowed to crystallize without external stress depend on fundamental molecular and morphological parameters. The extent to which these inherent characteristics can be modified depends on such widely different factors as the Tg of the polymer and the physical form of the desired article.
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    Pyrolysis of new fluoropolymersBased on research supported by the Bureau of Naval Weapons, Department of the Navy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Presented in part before the Polymer Chemistry Division at the 142nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 14, 1962. (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 56-60 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four new fluoropolymers were pyrolyzed in a vacuum to study rates of volatilization and to identify decomposition products. The polymers thus studied were polyperfluoropropylene, polyperfluoroheptene, poly-4-chloroperfluoroheptadiene-1,6 and poly (1,2,2-triflluorovinyl phenyl ether). Polyperfluoropropylene yielded 100% monomer at temperatures of 300 to 400°C gave an activation energy of 56.6 Kcal/mole. Polyperfluoroheptenes of different molecular weights also yielded 100% monomer on heating. However, they had lower thermal stability than polyperfluoropropylene, but a higher activation energy and a higher pre-exponential factor. Poly-4-chloroperfluoroheptadiene volatilized at a rate of approximately 1% per minute at 380°C. There was very little monomer produced on thermal decomposition and an activation energy of 60 Kcal/mole was obtained from rates of volatilization at 362, 374, and 381°C. Poly (trifluorovinyl phenyl ether) showed a 25% carbonized residue at 500°C pyrolysis. The polymer decomposes into fragments containing very little monomer. Undesirable low molecular weight components in the polymer are still to be eliminated.
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    Pyrolysis of polytrifluoroethylene: Influence of gamma radiation and alkali treatmentBased on research supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Presented in part before the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 14, 1962. (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 61-65 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Pyrolysis in vacuum of gamma-irradiated polytrifluoroethylene indicates increased rates of volatilization with increased dosage. At the higher radiation doses, the rate curves no longer show a maximum but resemble those previously obtained with branched polyethylenes. Studies of swelling with acetone indicate crosslinking increases with radiation dose. It is estimated that for each chain fracture caused by radiation there are approximately seven crosslinks formed. However, in addition to the crosslinks a branched structure is also being produced as evidenced by the character of the thermal degradation rate curves. Alkali treatment of the polymer sensitizes it towards dehydrofluorination and double bond formation. Subsequent rate and pyrolysis studies showed the formation of very stable residues, indicating a relatively greater thermal stability of the main chain.
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    Masthead (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964) 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040201
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 74-76 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    How we may know more (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 77-78 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Correlation of extrudate swelling measurements for polymer solutions by a reduced-concentration technique (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 79-82 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Previous work has demonstrated the possibility of obtaining curves of normal stress as a function of shearing stress for polymer solutions through the measurement of the swelling of a jet of the solution extruded from a long capillary. A new formulation of reduced variables is offered which allows results obtained at different concentrations to be correlated by a single curve for a given polymer system. Results are presented for water solutions of carboxymethylcellulose, and for xylene solutions of polyisobutylene. For polyisobutylene, the correlation is similar to those obtained by other investigators who measured normal stresses by standard techniques.
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    The relationship between chemical structure and properties of polyester resins (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 90-97 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Attempts are made, in the light of published information, to decide the factors affecting network structure in commercial polyester resins and the effect of network variations on physical properties of polyfumarate-styrene copolymers. An approach towards the optimum in chemical and heat resistant polyester laminates is suggested by examination of the influence of polyester chain structural variations on these properties.
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    A new second-order transition temperature relationship for copolymers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 98-101 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recent dielectric measurements at 60 cycles per second have shown a good correlation amond α-peak, Vicat and dilatometric Tg temperatures. Other measurements of copolymer systems have suggested a re-examination of existing second-order transition temperature relationships. This study has revealed that the most common of these equations are mathematically equivalent and not fully satisfactory for explaining all observations. A relationship is proposed which is capable of fitting either linear or non-linear second-order transition data for compatible copolymer systems.
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    The “ADL ball rebound tester” (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The paper presents the “Thermophysical Profiles” of selected plastics and discusses their significance in correlating the mechanical properties with the molecular and crystalline structure of these polymers. The profiles were obtained with a new instrument, by imposing a fixed, forced elastic vibration on the speciments' surface and by recording continuously the energy absorbed by the specimens through a temperature range from -200°F to +500°F The profiles locate the first and second order transition points of the test materials (defining, thus, the temperature limits of their use) and indicate the change in modulus with temperature in the viscoelastic region of the polymers. Profiles of the following materials are discussed, low and high density polyethylene, polypropylene and PVC films and unfilled samples of cast epoxy and polyester resins.
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    Structural characteristics and optimization of filament-wound cylindrical rocket motor cases (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 102-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The basic requirements for optimization of filament-wound pressure vessels are a high strength-to-density ratio of the fiberglass-resin composite and an arrangement of the glass fibers in such fashion that each fiber carries, at a given pressure, the same constant load throughout the cylindrical portion as well as the end closures. The basic relations governing the isotensoidal design are derived, and the ideal shape of the end closure is defined. The relative merits of geodesic and “in-plane” wrapping are discussed. Structrual efficiencies accomplished in several practical applications are reviewed.
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    Comments By Hans Weisbart (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 127-128 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040212
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    Rheological properties of polyvinyl chloride. Parts I-general flow propertiesPresented in part at the 11th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Windsor, Ontario, Canada. (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 129-133 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The melt flow properties of PVC Resins have been investigated. The Effects of molecular weight, temperature, and plasticizer (DOP) concentration on the Melt rheology have been examined and correlated with molecular properties of polymers.
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    Rheological properties of polyvinyl chloride. Parts II-unstable flow (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 133-136 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Unstable flow involving extrudate distortion have been observed in the extrusion of PVC. Two types of distortion have been isolated and the factors which are operative have been examined. These Factors are discussed in the light of existing knowledge of “melt fracture”.
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    Rheological properties of polyvinyl chloride. Parts III-post extrusion swelling (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 136-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The post extrusion swelling behavior of PVC has been studied as a function of the rheological flow variables and as a function of the molecular weight of the polymer. An expression which correlates the swelling with the apparent non-Newtonian viscosity has been found for each of the five molecular weight samples studied. No mechanism for this elastic effect was proposed.
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 146-148 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040302
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    Phosphorus-containing phenolic resins (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 139-143 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The character of the residues from pyrolytic decomposition of organo-phosphorus polymers has suggested the use of such materials in ablative materials required for heat shields in reentry vehicles, rocket nozzles, etc.Phosphorus-containing phenolic resol and novolak resins were prepared by condensing di(p-hydroxyphenyl)-phenyl-(phosphine oxide) with aldehydes. The mechanical properties of the basic phosphorus-phenolics were improved by internal plasticization through chemical reaction of the resin in the early stages of polycondensation with acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers (NBR) and with silences and slicone resins. To improve the compatibility of the phosphorus phenolics with NBR copolymers, the phosphorus-containing phenolics were initially etherified by “butanolization” in order to decrease their polarity.The preparation of coatings and molded discs from some modified and unmodified phosphorus-containing phenolic-resin formulations is described. Preliminary observations relating to the properties of the trial products are reported.
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    Masthead (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964) 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Some aspects of industrial polymer research (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 149-150 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Theoretical aspects of polymer morphology -  crystallization from solution (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigation of the crystallography of the thin platelike polymer crystals precipitated from dilute solution has led to the concept of chain folding in polymer crystallization. This unexpected and unusual phenomenon has produced much speculation about both its origin and its implications concerning the morphology of the polymer crystals. The theories which have been proposed to account for the observed effects fall into two categories: (a) equilibrium theories; and (b) kinetic theories. At the moment the kinetic theories appear to be the more successful in explaining the observed morphology and behavior of the polymer crystals. Essentially it is proposed that the plate-like habit of the crystals results from the formation of crystal uncleii from single polymer molecules followed by a growth process whose rate is controlled by nucleation of new crystal layers on existing completed crystal faces. Quantitative observations of crystal growth rates and of the influence of supercooling on the thickness of the crystals are consistent with the predictions of these theories.
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    Structure-property modifications by fabrication operations (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of polymer morphology under ideal conditions approaching equilibrium structures have been shown to be valuable in the development of an understanding of the relationship of properties to structure. Practical fabrication operations do not permit the achievement of equilibrium structures in commercial products and its is therefore necessary to study the effects of processing on the actual structures that result. In addition, an understanding of the effects of processing variables on properties permits the development of fabrication operations which can be directed toward the improvement of properties. Topics covered include the effects of hydrostatic pressure during processing, effects of combinations of pressure and thermal history, relationships between thermal history and crystallization rates in isotactic polymers and the kinetic and morphological effects of flow deformation on crystallizable plastics.
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    The relationship between crystallization and deformation processes in crystalline high polymers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between crystallization and deformation is two-fold: (1) deformation or flow in polymers prior to crystallization has an important influence on the resultant crystalline morphology and (2) the morphology in turn largely determines the response of the structure to further deformation after crystallization. Thus, an understanding of deformation processes in crystalline polymers is intimately related to the crystallization processes and vice versa. The crystallization process may be approached by considering the observed morphological structures as being analogous to the usual crystal habits with the addition of various crystal-defects which add bending and twisting to the more common crystallographic variations. The crystal habit or morphology may be characterized by its surface to volume ratio. Crystallization of polymers may be considered as three steps (1) the formation of primary nuclei (2) crystallographic growth (also a nucleation controlled process) and (3) the introduction of crystal-defects which cause bending and twisting.
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    Mechanical and dielectric relaxation of crystalline polymers in relation to degree of crystallinity and morphology (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical and dielectric relaxation as related to the morphology of crystalline polymers is reviewed. The behavior with temperature of the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant and the mechanical loss factor, tan δ, at constant frequency is discussed in detail for two typical crystalline polymers: poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and polypropylene. Three relaxations are typically observed: a low temperature relaxation occurring at temperatures below the dilatometric glass transition temperature; a glass temperature relaxation occurring near the glass transition temperature; and a high temperature relaxation occurring between the glass temperature and the melting point. The activation parameters are given for these relaxations, and the influence of morphology on them is discussed along with possible molecular interpretations.
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    Structural interpretations of mechanical properties of polycrystalline polymers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 178-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Structural changes are considered in light of the two differing views of the structure of crystalline polymers involving either a two phase structure or a single phase structure involving detects. A compromise picture is proposed which appears consistent with existing experimental evidence. Optical methods are described for analyzing structural changes accompanying deformation of these polymers. These include x-ray diffraction, static and dynamic birefringence measurements and dynamic light scattering studies. The results are consistent with a two stage deformation process involving first the elastic deformation of a spherulitic or crystalline structure followed by an internal rearrangement of crystals within this structure, taking place by a number of mechanisms such as recrystallization, defect migration, plastic flow and crystal rotation. The time dependence of some of these processes is studied and related to structural features.
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    Biodeterioration of plastics (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 193-207 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The deterioration of plastics by biological agents of considerable concern not only to the U. S. Department of Defense but to the national economy as a whole. Although the importance of the subject was recognized by some since the early days of the plastics industry, widespread investigation first began during World War II when serious problems were encountered in the tropics with electrical and electronic equipment. In the recent past the great developments in oceanography have emphasized that marine biodeterioration of plastics requires much more investigation. Biodeterioration of plastics is characterized according to that caused by microbiological agents, macrobiological agents, and marine biological agents. the important past and recent knowledge in each category is summarized.
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    Thermal and oxidative degradation of polymers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 187-192 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxidation of many polymers occurs by a free-radical, chain mechanism similar to that developed for the oxidation of volatile hydrocarbons. The rate at which various polymers oxidize and the extent of the reaction is influenced both by the physical and by the chemical structure of the particular polymer. Important morphological changes may also occur as a result of oxidation. Polymer degradation by oxidative reactions can be inhibited effectively at several stages in the over-all reaction. Synergistic combinations in which each component of a stabilizer system inhibits primarily at one of these stages are particularly effective.
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    Time effects on textile fibers (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 208-216 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Stress-strain relationships and evaluations thereof at testing and evaluation speeds from 1 to 50 inches per minute are presented. Behavior characteristics at “static” and dynamic strain rates are discussed and a brief reference to lateral critical velocity is made.
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    Why do plastics stress-crack? (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 217-223 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this brief review, environmental stress-cracking in polyethylene is taken as a typical example of the broad phenomenon of stress-cracking and the major variables affecting its operation are enumerated. In addition to stress, these include molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, the amount and nature of the crystalline phase present, the nature of the “environment,” the importance of its ability to alter the surface energy characteristics of the affected polymer, and the effects of temperatrue. The need for selecting an appropriate test procedure is stressed, and the probable significance of certain recent advances in comprehension of the crystallization mechanics of these materials is suggested.
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    Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid - a naturally occurring thermoplastic material (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid has been isolated in quantities sufficient for characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties from both Bacillus megaterium and a special strain of Rhizobium. Its presence in a larger variety of bacteria than previously suspected has been demonstrated by a screening method based on density-gradient centrifugation. The intrinsic viscosity of the isolated polymer has been shown to depend on the technique of isolation; basic solvents facilitate hydrolytic cleavage of the polyester. Mechanical properties of the polymer are based on the high crystallinity and polarity of the material; in a highly crystallized state, it is quite brittle, but its rigidity exceeds that of polypropylene. Thermal degradation of molecular weight, due to beta-eliminatin of the carboxyl group from the polyester structure, severely limits processing of the polymer in the melt.
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    Material properties of reinforced plastics (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 267-276 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The moduli of elasticity of reinforced plastics with uni-directional filaments either parallel or normal to an applied force are evaluated in terms of the material composition. Expressions are then derived which relate its moduli of elasticity and Poisson's ratios for an arbitrary filament orientation with its material properties in the direction of and normal to the unifilament orientation with its material properties in the direction of and normal to the unidirectional filaments. Filaments. The stress-strain relations of filament reinforced plastics are also derived.
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    Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of cellulose acetate butyrate (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 282-289 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep experiments under variable loading conditions are reported for tubular specimens of cellulose acetate butyrate. Experiments include the application of torque loading that corresponded to various loading programs. Results indicate that the material response in creep is nonlinear. The character of the results is described reasonably by assuming the behavior as linear and using the Botzmann superposition principle. However, the interpretation of the data based upon a non-liner creep law and modified superposition principle yields better agreement with experiments in certain cases.
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    The criterion of fracture (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 290-294 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dupre's theory that work of rupture equals increase in surface energy, and Griffith's hypothesis (based upon Dupre's that a crack propagates when strain energy decrease equals or exceeds work required to creat two new surfaces are shown to be incorrect. Work is required for deformation to repture, not for the actual rupture.An alternative criterion, i. e., that crack propagation occurs when strain energy decrease exceeds the increase required for elastic deformation of the “critical domain” to the breaking point, offers the following advantages: (1) continuity between macro- and micro-effects, (2) avoidance of surface energy (unmeasurable for solids), (3) accounting for heat effect, (4) reasonable explanation of unexpectedly high “surface energy” values.
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    The correlation of the non-newtonian flow of polymeric melts with the theories of Bueche (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 277-281 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bueche and Harding [J. Polymer Sci. 32 177 (1958)] obtained an empirical “standard flow curve” to relate viscosity and shear rate by using a particular poly(styrene) solution and positioning the flow curve on a dimensionless rate of shear axis via the viscosity average molecular weight, MV and Bueche's expression for the relation time, τ, where \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \tau = 12\eta _{\rm o} {\rm M}_{\rm R} /\pi ^2 {\rm RTC} $$\end{document} Here R is the gas constant, ηo is the low rate of shear Newtonian viscosity, T is the absolute temperature, C is the Concentration in grams per cubic centimeter, and MR is te molecular weight which determines the relaxation time. Bueche implies by his standard curve that MV correlates with MR. In Gereral, it was found that: 1) MR does not equal MV but it is usually significantly lower than MV or MW; (2) the value of MR increases with increasing polymer concentration and temperature; and (3) the shapes of the flow curves are slightly different from the shape of the standard curve. A survey of the data available in the lon the flow of polymer melts supports these conclusions. Thus, the Bueche-Harding method can only give semi-quantitative help I predicting the flow behavior of polymeric melts.
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    Study of flow properties of polymer melt with the screw extruder (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that a standard screw-extruder with a little modification is very useful for the measurement of flow properities of various plastics melt over a wide range. Results obtained are very interesting and it is expected that they have applicability to polymer processing. A range of flow rates covering both extrusion and injection molding applications were considered.
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    Degradation of polymeric compositions in vacuum to 10-9 mm Hg in evaporation and sliding friction experiments (1964)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 4 (1964), S. 306-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solid compositons studied included PTFE, PCFE, polyimides, both filled and unfilled, and fluorocarbon telomers. Evaporation experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures to fluorocarbon telomers. Evaporaton experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures to 1100°F and pressures to 10-8 mm Hg. Various molecular weights of different polymers were examined. Results indicate that evaporation rates in vacuum for polymers vary with molecular weight. Friction and wear experiments were conducted with a 3-16-inch-radius rider hemisphere (usually polymer) sliding on a flat disk (various materials) at speeds to 1480 feet per minute with a 1000-gram load on the rider specimen and at an ambient pressure of 10-9 mm Hg. Fillers were found to influence markedly the wear of PTFE and PCFE in vacuum as a result of changes in heat dissipation properties, but they showed little or no influence on friction.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760040412
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    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010101
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 2-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010102
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  • 78
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    Effect of hydrostatic pressure on polyethylene melt rheology (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 14-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A description is given of the procedure and equipment used for the purpose of studying the effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the capillary flow properties of polymer melts. Flow properties are reported for a low density polyethylene over a wide range of temperatures, die sizes, different pressures and hydrostatic pressures.
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    A study of the polymerization of thermosetting polymers by electrical resistivity techniques (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was designed to show the nature of weathering of an elastomer poly( ester-urethane), and to indicate methods of overcoining the deficiency. Unprotected polymer, when exposed to UV radiation in a Weatherometer, showed deterioration which is characterized by loss of tensile strength, some increase in modulus, and a decreased extensibility of surface skin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010103
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  • 80
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    Thermomechanical studies of amorphous and crystalline polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Translated from: Vysokomolekuliarnye Soedineniia 2, 778-84 (May 1960). A thermomechanical study was made of the softening of crystalline polymers during uniform, uniaxial stretch and also of the effect of the rate of heating upon the softening or amorphous polymers. The effect of the tensile force on the thermo-mechanical behavior of various polymers was measured over the range 20 to 100 kg/cm2 and within wide temperature limits (-150° to 250°C). Ribbons 50 mm long, 2-4 mm wide and 0.05 to 0.5 mm thick served as specimens.
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    Mechanisms of ultraviolet stabilization of plastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effectiveness of ultraviolet stabilizers of various types of polyolefin, cellulose ester, and poly (vinyl chloride) plastics was investigated. Most of these stabilizers were of the ultraviolet-absorbing type but two were of the nonabsorbing type. Exposures were made both outdoors and indoors in a Twin-Arc Weatherometer. The latter was modified by the addition of ten 20-watt fluorescent sun lamps to remedy the short-ultraviolet deficiency of the enclosed carbon arcs.
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    Ultraviolet degradation of plastics and the use of protective ultraviolet absorbers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The degradation of plastics by ultraviolet energy and the use of protective ultraviolet absorbers to improve stability necessitate studies along several lines. These include (a) the measurement of the ultraviolet spectral energy distribution of sunlight and of the indoor accelerated test sources, (b) the measurement of the extent of degradation as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation, (c) an estimate of the absorbing effectiveness of the added protective agents, and (d) the stability of the protective ultraviolet absorbers themselves.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    The effect of molecular weight distribution on the flow properties of polyethylene (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The non-Newtonian flow behavior of polyethylene has been investigated with respect to the effects of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Effects of die geometry on melt fracture as well as preliminary extrudate orientation studies are discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010109
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    A study of the weathering of an elastomeric polyurethane (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was designed to show the nature of weathering of an elastomer poly(ester-urethane), and to indicate methods of overcoming the deficiency. Unprotected polymer, when exposed to UV radiation in a Weatherometer, showed deterioration which is characterized by loss of tensile strength, some increase in modulus, and a decreased extensibility of surface skin.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010108
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    Research is key to progress in the plastics industry (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010111
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  • 86
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    Hydroxy alkyl phosphate esters as curing agents for epoxy resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new curing system which yields room temperature curing epoxy adhesives with high bond strength and softening point has been developed for service in contact with high explosives. Bisphenol A type resins cured with hydroxyl alkyl phosphate acid esters are used. Short pot life and relatively low alkali resistance are drawbacks of the system.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 87
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    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010201
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  • 88
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 54-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010202
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  • 89
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    How can scientists keep up with science? (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 56-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010203
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  • 90
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    Cryogenic adhesive properties of bisphenol-A epoxy resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article includes a comparison of the adhesive properties of bisphenol-A expoxides at 300°K and 76°K with respect to the molecular weight of the uncured resins. Joints of 2024 aluminum were tested at 300°K and 76°K in tensile-shear and in impact-shear, and total linear thermal contraction of the cured resins was measured between the two temperatures. Results are discussed with respect to residual joint stresses and adsorptive properties of the resins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010207
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  • 91
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    A method for determination of maximum heat resistance of plastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method for measuring heat stability and temperature of degradation of thermosetting plastics is described, as well as an improved method for the determination of transition temperature into glassy or viscous state for thermosetting resins. Magnitude of elastic deformation is tied in with length of polymer chain and lattice density.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Dielectric properties of plasticized melamine resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the last thrity years, dielectric measurements have been employed extensively to provide a better understanding of the interactions between polymer and plasticizer in various thermoplastic formulations. Recently, a series of melamine resins, plasticized to the extent that shrinkage and internal stress were modified, became available. Since there is little information in the literature concerning the dielectric properties of such thermosetting resins, a study was made of the variation of dielectric constant and loss as a function of frequency and temperature.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010206
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    Some functions of 2-hydroxybenzophenones as weathering stabilizers for polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenone are well-known stabilizers for such polymers as cellulose acetate butyrate and polyesters. Their stabilization effectiveness is commonly associated with their ability to screen a polymer from the harmful ultraviolet radiation found in sunlight. They also satisfy other requirements for effective stabilizers, namely, compatibility with many polymers and an inherent stability to ultraviolet light. Several other functions of 2 hydroxybenzophenones in stabilizing a polymer to ultraviolet light have been postulated, but little experimental data related to them are available. This paper deals with some of the additional functions of 2-hydroxybenzophenones in weathering stabilization as investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010204
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    Electrical resistivity of polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The magnitude and temperature dependence of the electrical resistivities of a number of thermoplastic and thermosetting high polymers have been determined. Activation energies for the electrical conduction process Ee have been calculated and found to vary from 12 to 60 Kcal/mole depending upon the structure of the polymer. Results are interpreted in terms of an ionic diffusion process and discussed in terms of the structure of the polymers.
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 102-103 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010302
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    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010301
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    Polyethylene flow data from melt viscometer and commercial extruder measurements (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For broad ranges of operating conditions and a wide variety of high pressure polyethylenes, the flow data obtained from a high shear viscometer and a commercial extruder are identical. Discrepancies between flow data can result from non steady state viscosities in the high shear viscometer, or from cooled screw extruder operation. In the broad regions in which the flow data concur, the readily obtained viscometer data are suitable for predictions of extruder performance. The principle is illustrated by the good correlation of a viscometer flow curve parameter and the screw power consumption in the extruder. Principles outlined for flow data identity and extruder performance prediction are believed to be general, but the quantitative limits defined are specific to the extrusion devices involved.
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    An investigation of some variables affecting impact resistant thermoplastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recent technology has evolved a number of dissimilar thermoplastics which under conditions of ambient temperature and impact loading show both the high modulus, which is mainly a property of brittle polymers in the glassy state, and also the impact resistance, such as may be expected of polymers in the rubbery state. Several of these special plastics were examined by electronmicroscopy and also with respect to several aspects of their mechanical behavior to establish by direct observation and inference whether or not different types of plastics exhibit some common features of structure which promote impact resistance. These observations suggest the hypothesis that special circumstances of domain heterogeneity can override many other variables of composition or molecular structures in controlling the fracture mechanism.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    Best of ANTEC - SPE Transactions (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 104-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010303
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  • 100
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    Thermodynamic diagrams for polyethylene resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For resins of room temperature density 0.91 to 0.96 g/cc, enthaply and internal energy diagrams have been developed from 0 to 200°C and up to 1000 atmospheres. These diagrams can be used for estimating properties for which data are not available, and provide unified view of many properties of polyethylene under conditions of fabrication and use. Extent of crystallinity estimates can be made from enthalpy, internal energy, specific volume, compressibility and melting point data provided for hypothetical amorphous, crystalline and actual resins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010304
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