ALBERT

Beschreibung: Planta herbacea, caulibus gracilibus, scandentibus vel prostratis?, sparse patule pilosis, glabrescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolis 3—5 mm longis, sparse patule pilosis, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata vel interdum oblonga, (2.5—)5—7 cm longa, 6—10 mm lata, basi rotundata, apice acuta mucronulata, in marginibus adpresse pilosa, ceterum sparse pilosa vel glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4—6 ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, pedunculatae, 1-florae; pedunculis 2—4(—6) cm longis, gracilibus, sparse patule pilosis vel glabris; pedicellis apicem versus incrassatis, verruculosis, 6—10 mm longis; bracteis minutis, subulatis. Sepala aequaba vel interiora subbreviora, 12—15 mm longa, exteriora 2 crassiuscula, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apicem acutum versus attenuata vel acuminata, dorso verruculosa et sparse breviter pilosa, interiora 3 membranacea, oblonga, cuspidata, laevia et glabra vel sepalum tertium ad basin verruculosum. Corolla infundibuliformis, verisim. c. 2—2.5 cm longa, glabra, flava. Stamina inclusa, filamentis 6—7 mm longis, c. 2.5 mm supra basin corollae insertis, basi breviter pilosis, antheris maturis contortis, c. 3—3.5 mm longis. Discus annularis. Ovarium pilosum; stylo incluso, c. 8—10 mm longo, glabro. NEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea: Kebar Valley, Andjai, c. 600 malt., on grassland, rather common, herb, flowers yellow, 6-9-1959, V. W. Moll B. W. 9511 (L, type; LAE).

Beschreibung: Recently Dr. I. KRISTENSEN, Director of the Caribbean Marine-Biological Institute at Curaçao, kindly donated to the Leiden Natural History Museum a small collection of fishes he collected during a 1961 visit to Trinidad. These specimens proved to be of considerable interest, providing new distributional data and even including two species not listed in my previous review of the freshwater fishes of the island (1960), and induced me to prepare the present paper. The opportunity has been taken in this paper to correct some errors and omissions in the review. The species discussed here are numbered in accordance with my 1960 enumeration, the numbers 2a and 68a being additions.

Beschreibung: The area investigated comprises a 5 miles broad E-W belt mainly through the group of rocks called ”Complejo Antiguo” by professor Parga-Pondal (1956). The section runs roughly from the village of Lage on the west coast eastwards towards Carballo. The object was to detect the various relationships between the rocks of this group; more especially it is an attempt to elucidate the metamorphic history of this so-called Ancient complex in terms of a scheme of syn-, late- and post-kinematic metamorphic events.

Beschreibung: In the Lower Palaeozoic where true palynological microfossils become rare, much use can be made of other acid-resistant microfossils such as acritarchs and chitinozoans. This study gives some of the results of an investigation on the presence of acritarchs and chitinozoans in three essentially Lower Palaeozoic formations of the Province of León in northwest Spain, viz. the Formigoso, the San Pedro, and the La Vid Formations. They range from Upper Llandoverian to the middle part of the Emsian. The techniques used to prepare the samples are discussed. The vertical distribution of the most common acritarchs and chitinozoans in the region investigated are given, as well as the changes of frequency in the associations of some selected groups of acritarchs from a number of sections of the San Pedro and the La Vid Formations. Most formgroups show characteristic changes of frequency providing the possibility of detailed correlation within the formations. The most common forms of acritarchs and chitinozoans used for correlation purposes are described. A list of species may be found on pages 280 and 337. Most of these forms had not yet been recorded.

Beschreibung: To study the immigration and spreading of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands during the young Holocene, three peat bogs were palynologically investigated in the eastern Netherlands and in the adjacent German area. For this purpose peat samples have been collected in the Korenburgerveen near Winterswijk, in a peat bog near Burlo (Germany) and in the Aamsveen south-east of Enschede. The analysis of the peat-samples proved, that extensive beech-forests existed in subatlantic times in the subcentreuropean flora district of the Netherlands. This is shown in the comparatively high Fagus-percentages in the pollendiagrams.

Beschreibung: This paper deals with the results of a microscopical analysis of the lignites of the miocene browncoal from the quarry “Anna” in the south of Limburg (Netherlands). They appeared to consist of 14 wood species, distributed over Conifers (6). Monocotyledons (1) and Dicotyledons (7). Four dicotyledonous woods were found for the first time and described here. Some conclusions about vegetation and climate are added.

Beschreibung: The reduction of Nelsonia campestris R.Br. to N. canescens (Lam.) Sprengl. was not justified; N. campestris is a species confined to Australia or, perhaps, to Australia and New Guinea; arguments are adduced against Bentham’s view that N. campestris would be a common tropical weed. Thunbergia arnhemica F. v. Müll. was erroneously sunk in Th. fragrans Roxb.; the latter is confined to India and Ceylon and Th. arnhemica to Australia. Ruellia acaulis R.Br., R. australis Cav., R. pumilio R.Br. and R. spiciflora F. v. Müll. ex Bth. are transferred to a new genus Brunoniella, which is confined to Australia.

Beschreibung: In this investigation special attention was paid to phytosociological aspects. The period in which the layers were formed could be dated as extending from the beginning of the Atlanticum to the present day. Radio-carbon dating is necessary, however, in order to obtain more precise results. It is not excluded that transgressions have influenced the succession. More investigations are necessary to complete our image of the holocene development of this area.

Beschreibung: As in my previous papers dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, here too the specimens dealt with are preserved either in my private collection, in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last-mentioned case the numbers are followed by a “U”), or in both. I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. G. W. Martin for sending me valuable specimens, and for his help, to the British Museum for the facilities accorded to me for studying its Myxomycete collections, and to Dr. R. Santesson of the Institute of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala for advice and the loan of valuable specimens.

Beschreibung: Specimens of a Didymium collected at Endegeest near Oegstgeest, a suburb of Leiden, on holly leaves, were put aside by Prof. Dr. W. K. H. Karstens as being near to Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, but not identical with it. Some of the specimens were collected in August 1944 by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, whereas several other ones were collected in October of the following year by Prof. Karstens at the same locality; they are all very similar, and remarkable in the smooth white calcareous crust, which is distant from the membranous inner part of the peridium, and in the rather dark spores, which are nearly all encircled by a thin, sometimes fragmentary ridge. Comparison with a large number of specimens of D. squamulosum has convinced me that the specimens collected at Endegeest are indeed distinct from that species. LISTER, in a footnote to D. squamulosum (3rd ed. 1925, p. 118), mentions a form collected on holly leaves, but the description and figure prove that this is plainly D. squamulosum, and certainly not identical with the above mentioned specimens. The specimens from Endegeest are not identical with D. praecox de Bary either. The latter is described by Lister “as so inconstant that the name cannot be applied to mark even a variety”. However, D. praecox was described by Berlese in Saccardo (Syll. 1306) and by Massee (Mon. p. 223) (the two descriptions, probably based on that given by Rostafinsky, which was not seen by me, are practically identical) as possessing a double peridium. Study of a duplicate of de Bary’s type specimen in the Rabenhorst “Fungi Europaei” collection no. 367, 1861, preserved at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 910243-676), shows this to be D. squamulosum, as the crystalline lime crust closely adheres to the membranous inner layer of the peridium, a condition which is characteristic of this species; this is seen quite clearly at the time of dehiscence, as the two layers break away simultaneously. The spores were found by me to be 10-11 µ in diam., and not 8—9 µ, as they are said to be in Massee’s description (which, however, comes within the range allowed for the spores of this species by Lister and by Martin in their monographs, viz. 8-11 µ), and they are spinulose; some of the dark spinules are grouped in clusters, whereas the remaining ones are unevenly and sparingly scattered between these clusters. In the specimens collected at Endegeest the crystalline lime layer of the peridium, as stated above, is distinctly separated from the membranous inner layer, the latter, moreover, is often provided with light brown areolae, a feature which is seen also in D. nigripes and in D. melanospermum, but which I myself have not met with in D. squamulosum. However, Lister describes the inner peridium of the latter as “sometimes mottled with red-brown towards the base”; this, therefore, is a point which deserves further study. Other noteworthy points are that the spores of the new species are provided with a ridge and that the spinules are not arranged in clusters.

Beschreibung: De Candolle (1830) divided the genus Campanula into two large sections on basis of the presence or absence of calyx-appendages between the calyx-lobes. Boissier (1875) attached great value to the mode of dehiscence of the capsule, and divided the genus into two sections. None of the existing classifications seems to be a natural one. As cytological investigations and crossing experiments might give valuable information for a natural classification, it was decided to investigate: a. The classification of the species within the genus Campanula based on morphological, cytological, and genetic data. b. The variability of a number of species, based on cytological investigations and growing experiments carried out under uniform conditions. In Chapter I a survey is given of the most important literature on the classification of the genus Campanula. The cytological data, hitherto published, are listed in Chapter II. 77 species were studied cytologically, the chromosome numbers of plants of 729 different localities were counted. At the end of Chapter II some drawings of the somatic chromosomes of a number of species are given. The integration of cytological and morphological data is given in Chapter III. It appeared that, beside some rare chromosome numbers (2n = 24, 26, 28, 36, 56, 58), also some cytological series exist, each of which has its own basic number: x = 8, 10, 15, 17. Within each series the species usually show a great morphological resemblance. Also species studied by other authors show a combination of morphological and cytological characters corresponding with the correlations in the species which were studied by the present author. There are many reasons justifying the supposition that Sugiura, who reported many chromosome numbers, did not correctly identify the plants on which the chromosome count was based. In Chapter IV a survey of the results of the crossing experiments is given. The features pointing to relationship (dealt with in Chapter III) were tested by the crossing experiments. Some species with basal and apical dehiscence of the fruit are crossable. Hybrids were obtained from crosses between some species with and without calyx-appendages. Species belonging to different subsections of Fedorov’s system turned out to be crossable. In view of these facts the classifications given by de Candolle, Boissier and Fedorov cannot be regarded as natural. With the exception of species belonging to the x = 15- and the x = 17-series it was impossible to cross species belonging to different cytological series. From the selfpollination experiments the conclusion may be drawn that self-fertilization is a rarely occurring phenomenon in the genus Campanula. Most species investigated turned out to be self-sterile. Insect pollination is the rule, self-pollination the exception. As only 40-50 % of the total number of species of the genus Campanula have been investigated cytologically as well as morphologically, only a provisional division of the genus Campanula into a number of groups was given (Chapter V). These 7 groups are regarded as natural, but neither their interrelationship nor the relation of some of these groups to other genera of the family Campanulaceae is clear yet. At the end of Chapter V theories on the evolution of the chromosome numbers are discussed. The author gives an opinion differing from the one given by Böcher on the origin of some chromosome numbers. In Chapter VI a survey is given of the results of experimental cultivations of a great number of plants of 9 polymorphic species.

Beschreibung: The genus Pandanus is a very large one, now with 654 accepted species, and many more are being discovered. It occurs in the tropics from Hawaii to West Africa, and Malesia is especially rich in species. As many herbaria contain a large percentage of specimens so incomplete that they are unidentifiable and worthless, instructions for collecting are desirable.

Beschreibung: Baas Becking, L. G. M. (1895-1962) V.J. Koningsberger, Jaarb. Ned. Ak. Wet. (1962-1963) 1-7 + portr. Backer, C. A. (1874-1963)

Beschreibung: The composition of the 2nd part of this work corresponds to that of the 1st, but, because it deals with only one class, the Monocotyledons, the whole could be more homogeneous. The Monocotyledons are systematically and anatomically less profoundly examined than the Conifers and the Dicotyledons, and for that reason it might be expected that phytochemistry could offer more often a solution in difficult taxonomical questions than in the above mentioned taxa. Unfortunately the phytochemical knowledge of the ca. 40 families of Monocotyledons has appeared to be so scant that it was impossible to base a comparison of the taxa on the chemical constituents. Only in a few cases there appeared to be clear chemical relations or differences, e.g. in the taxa of the Liliaceae – Amaryllidaceae complex. As in the first part of this book the author followed the view of Von Wettstein regarding the circumscription of the families, except for instances where chemistry favoured the splitting into smaller ones, as one can find so often in Hutchinson’s “Families of Flowering Plants”. For this reason Von Wettstein’s large families in the Helobiae have been accepted against the smaller concepts in this group by Hutchinson; reversely, Hutchinson has partly been followed in that the Liliaceae-Dracaenoideae together with the Amaryllidaceae-Agavoideae, occur combined as Agavaceae. Subfam. Amaryllidoideae (Allioideae excepted) has been considered as a separate family Amaryllidaceae, because of the occurrence of alkaloids in this group and the total absence of this constituent in the other taxa of the former Amaryllidaceae s.l.

Beschreibung: Among recent collections from the evergreen forests of Mysore State in southern India, material was found of Capparis cleghornii Dunn which had only been known from the original collection made by Cleghorn in 1846 and from a Stocks specimen from “Kanara”. Further scrutiny of fresh collections from the type locality established the identity. Mr M. Jacobs of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, who is engaged in a study of die genus, informed us that little material was known and that he never had seen a fruit. The original description by Dunn is quite brief. A more detailed description is given below, based on living material which accounts for the larger sizes of the parts than are found in dried specimens. A considerable amount of collections have been made and a number of duplicates have recendy been distributed to the Herbaria at Kew, Leyden, Paris, Berlin, and Geneva. Capparis cleghornii Dunn, Kew Bull. (1916) 61, descr.; in Gamble, Fl. Madras 1 (1915) 46, nomen; Blatter, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 31 (1927) 905. — Fig. 1.

Beschreibung: The species numbers refer to those given in the author’s previous revisions, cited at the genus. An a, b, or c number indicates the relationship of a new species.

Beschreibung: Frutex. Rami subteretes, lanato-tomentosi. Folia 4-verticillata, apice ramulorum congesta, ad axillas pilis sericeis isabellinis c. 1½ cm longis fasciculatis instructa; periolus c. ¾ cm longus, supra canaliculatus, lanatus; lamina obovato-oblonga, 5½-7 cm longa, 2½—3 cm lata, chartacea, in vivo verosimiliter convexa, margine recurvata, supra breviter tomentosa, subtus lanato-tomentosa, apice acuta, margine apicem versus minute serrata, basi cuneata parumque attenuata, costa supra parum canaliculata, subtus prominente, nervis utrinque 10—12 tenuibus supra prominulis subtus invisibilibus. Inflorescentiae axillares breviter pedunculatae, glomeratae, pauciflorae, bracteis sat magnis, floribus sessilibus. Flores 14 mm longi. Calyx heterosepalus, lobo dorsali anguste deltoideo, acuto, 2½ mm longo, lobis ceteris ovatis, rotundato-obtusis, lobo ventrali 1 mm longo, lobis lateralibus ¾ mm longis, omnibus extus sicut ovarium sat dense, intus sparsius pilosis. Corolla 12 mm longa, tubo 6 mm longo, intus lanato, lobis intus in parte basali sparse pilosis, extus praeter dimidio inferiore tubi excepto lanato-tomentosa; loborum margines membranacei, in superiore dimidio parte lati et crispi, in dimidio inferiore angusti ciliisque nonnullis dentibusque penicillatis instructi. Stamina 6 mm longa, glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antberis oblongis 1 mm longis, connectivo apice truncato ibique apiculato. Stylus 7 mm longus, in inferiore dimidio pilis lanatis nonnullis, infra indusium sat dense ciliis longis rigidis patentibus obsitus. BORNEO. Sabah: Ranau District, Mt Tambuyokon 15 miles NE. of Kinabalu peak, W. Meijer SAN 22818 type), fl. July 1961, alt. 2500 m, common shrub on summit ridge, in subalpine vegetation on serpentine.

Beschreibung: Through the kindness of Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK the author was enabled to study a number of samples from localities in the tidal zone of several West Indian islands. Previously, by courtesy of Dr. T. MORTENSEN, abundant material from some deepwater samples collected off Santa Cruz, Virgin Islands, could be studied, the foraminifera dentata of which were described in 1956. The latter material mainly consisted of dredged samples from a depth of 500 fathoms (17.5°N and 64°W), and contained a typical deep-sea fauna. Comparison of MORTENSEN’s and HUMMELINCK’s samples shows marked differences; these may be of importance, as the deep-sea samples and the shallow-water samples are from the same Caribbean area.

Beschreibung: About the middle of the eighteenth century, the question whether the corals originally known only from collections of curiosities were animal, vegetable, or mineral was definitely decided in favour of the first of these categories (MARSILLI 1786). During the second half of the eighteenth and the entire following century, the former Lithophyta, as a subdivision of the Anthozoa, were an object of study for anatomists, taxonomists and, particularly in the nineteenth century, palaeontologists.

Beschreibung: Since the first “Additions and Emendations” (Acta Bot. Neerl. 11: 35-36, 1962) to my “List of Myxomycetes collected in the Netherlands” (Acta Bot. Neerl. 10: 80-98, 1961) were published, further study and collecting have necessitated some more changes.

Beschreibung: From soil analyses it appears that Centaurium littorale grows in a saline habitat. From the ecological viewpoint Centaurium littorale is a halophyte. This agrees with information in the literature. The salt concentration fluctuates. In spring low concentrations occur. This is important for the germination of Centaurium littorale. From a field experiment it appeared that rosette-plants of Centaurium littorale can withstand high concentrations of NaCl, but that seedlings die under such conditions.

Beschreibung: Mr S. Savage, F.L.S., formerly the Linnean Society’s Librarian and Assistant Secretary, has now completed the catalogue of the Herbarium of the Society’s first President, Sir James Edward Smith, which contains nearly 20,000 sheets. The MS. consists of over 1400 foolscap pages and includes a preface, a list of 83 contributors and over 500 collectors. Pacific Botanists 1963. Mr E. H. Bryan Jr composed this very useful booklet which gives reference to c. 1250 persons, arranged both by names with full address and by an interest index. Mimeographed at the Pacific Scientific Information Centre, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Beschreibung: Brenan, J.P.M.: The value of Floras to underdeveloped countries (Impact 13, 1963, 122-246). An excellent justification of the composition of tropical Floras with special stress on their usefulness for mankind. This essay should be in the hands of all administrators in these countries, for the matter and its presentation is easily understandable to educated non-botanists. It appears to me that the use for scientific botany, taxonomy and plant geography should have had more attention; in these more pure branches of botany, underdeveloped countries should also have their share. -- v. St.

Beschreibung: 1. Scarcity of fruit setting. In some Malesian plants from the rain-forest it is striking that fruit setting on the inflorescence is very late. Many flowers, sometimes hundreds, are produced without ever setting fruit and the entire inflorescence may finally bear but very few fruits situated at the end of a stalk which is often densely covered with bracts. This suggests a discrepancy of correlation between vegetative and reproductive growth which appears unbalanced. Such a balance can easily be upset artificially, by removing the ovaries of flowers after anthesis. I remember having this demonstrated in our private garden with a cultivated foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, which grew so long that I had to use a chair to stand on for reaching the top of the raceme which became thinner and thinner, but still went on producing flowers until the frost in end November put an end to the experiment. By then the raceme was about two metres long.

Beschreibung: Among the Nyctaginaceae the genus Pisonia is the only one that has produced an appreciable number of species outside the New World. Some of these have very wide areas in the Pacific and along the borders of the Indian Ocean, others occupy smaller areas, mostly m eastern Malesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. In Australia there are three species, in the north the circumtropical P. aculeata L., in the north and east P. umbellifera Seem, and P. grandis R. Br. In Africa there is only one circumtropical species in the eastern coastal parts, viz. P. aculeata L., further in the Malesian area two widely distributed Old World species, viz. P. umbellifera Seem, and P. grandis R. Br. occur. This revision contains a brief taxonomic discussion of the infrageneric subdivision. Calpidia, Ceodes, and Rockia are merged with Pisonia. In all 13 species are distinguished, for which keys, synonymy, and typification are provided. Of the five extra-Malesian species a description is given. Four new combinations have been made. I have to express my thanks to the Directors of the Herbaria at Florence, Paris, Singapore, Utrecht, and the Curator of Collections, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, for the privilege of examining their collections. Besides, I have to thank Dr R. Melville of Kew and Dr H. Heine of Paris, for providing valuable information, to Mr M. Jacobs for considerable help and criticism, and to Dr van Steenis for supervising and editing this work.

Beschreibung: In 19491 pointed attention to the fact that the annonaceous generic name Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th., Fl. Ind. (1855) 145, is a later homonym of the ricciaceous genus Oxymitra Bischoff ex Lindenb., Syn. Hepat. Eur. (1829) 124. Cf. Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg ser. III, 17: 458. As the name of the hepatic genus is still in use it seemed to me impossible to suppress it and consequently I proposed a new generic name for the annonaceous genus, viz. Friesodielsia, without making any new combinations under that name.

Beschreibung: 1. The genus Didelotia Baill. occurs in W. and Central Africa (Sierra Leone to Congo). Here 8 species are recognized. 2. The monotypic genera Toubaouate Aubrev. et Pellegr. and Zingania Chev. remain incorporated in Didelotia. 3. A new species, D. idae Leon., Old. & de Wit is described. 4. A key to the species is given; they are described, annotated, and illustrated.

Beschreibung: Single female specimens of dragon flies are often difficult to identify owing to the fact that, when they are known at all, the descriptions are incomplete and mostly lack the essential figure of the genitalia. The following are descriptions of the unknown females of five species, the males of which have been known for the last eighteen to fifty years. They are all complete with figures of the genitalia. The material from which the descriptions have been made has been accumulated during many years of collecting. I am indebted to Mr. J. BELLE, Paramaribo, who was kind enough to place at my disposal, for description, some of the unknown females collected by himself.

Beschreibung: In the course of my researches in Surinam a species of Rhodopygia was often collected, the specimens of which answered fairly closely to Dr. F. RIS’s description of Rhodopygia hollandi in the Libellulinae of the DE SELYS collection. However, after studying PH. P. CALVERT’s original description of the species in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (1911, Odonata, p. 318—319, tab. 9, fig. 54) I found my species to be manifestly different in kind from Rhodopygia hollandi, and hence the determination with the aid of RIS’s Libellulinae was incorrect.

Beschreibung: La collection de Collemboles rapportée de la Guyane Hollandaise par notre Collègue Monsieur J. VAN DER DRIFT est relativement importante. Toutefois elle ne comprend que 5 espèces de Collemboles Symphypléones qui seront étudiées ici. La présente étude permettra de constater à quel point cette faune est originale et combien il serait intéressant de mieux connaître la faune tropicale de l’Amérique méridionale.

Beschreibung: The area to be discussed is bounded N and W by the Atlantic Ocean; in the S it reaches as far as the Rio Allones; its eastern boundary is formed by the Malpica-Buño and Buño-Agualada roads. For mapping sheets 43 and 44, Lage and Carballo respectively, of the Spanish 1 : 50.000 topographic maps were used.

Beschreibung: Aus pleistozänen Bändertonen von Malkwitz bei Malente/Holstein werden Tierfährten beschrieben, die in Sommerlagen des dortigen Bändertones auftreten. Diese Fährten werden mit den bisher aus Bändertonen bekannt gewordenen Lebensspuren verglichen. Die Zuordnung der Fährten zu bestimmten Erzeugern ist schwierig, zumal bisher an keiner Stelle zugehörige fossile Tierreste aufgefunden werden konnten. Da es sich bei den Bildungsbecken dieser Sedimente um Lebensräume mit extremen Umweltsbedingungen handelt, muß auch mit der Möglichkeit gerechnet werden, daß mindestens ein Teil der Fährtenerzeuger nur zeitweilig diese Räume besiedelt hat (z. B. Insekten im Larvenstadium).

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: In 1898 a shot-hole borer, identified as X. perforans (Woll.) appeared in an experimental plantation of sugar-cane varieties at Kagok, near Tegal, West Java. Zehntner, the Swiss entomologist on the staff of the Sugar-cane Experimental Station at Kagok, used the opportunity to study the borer extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. The borer was already notorious at the time by its boring into the bung and staves of wine-casks in Madeira and beercasks in India, which caused leakages \xc2\xb2).\nZehntner published the very important results of his investigations in an extensive paper written for the planters in the Dutch language, in 1900. A summary of this paper on \xe2\x80\x9dDe riet-schorskever\xe2\x80\x9d (the cane bark-borer) was inserted in an annual report for 1900. An excerpt of the paper, quoting some parts verbatim but wanting several of the most interesting biological details, appeared in 1906 in VAN DEVENTER\xe2\x80\x99S volume on \xe2\x80\x9eDe dierlijke vijanden van het suikerriet en hunne parasieten\xe2\x80\x9d (= The enemies of sugar-cane and their parasites).

Beschreibung: A supplementary survey is given of endo- and ectoparasites collected from wild mammals in the Netherlands.

Beschreibung: A.\nGENERAL REMARKS\nDuring three years 4500 reports of whales sighted from Netherlands ships were collected, bearing on approximately 11.000 individual animals. Most of the observations were made in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. It was supposed that the species could be determined with a fairly high degree of reliability in the case of Humpback Whales, Sperm Whales and Right Whales. No distinction could be made between Blue, Fin, Sei and Bryde Whales. They were collected under the heading Rorquals. Catches of land stations and strandings of whales, however, indicate that in all areas, at least a part of these Rorquals must have been Blue or Fin Whales. Probably the majority of this part were Fin Whales.\nNevertheless it must he emphasized that the observations give no exact figures but only indications. It would be highly desirable if the results could be controlled by observations made by experienced whale biologists or gunners, especially in tropical and subtropical waters. We have the impression that for the time being no better results can be obtained with the present type of research. On the other hand, the fact that the generally known facts about the annual migration of the big whales were also clearly shown by this research, may be an indication for a certain degree of reliability of the research. The monthly number of animals of each species observed per 1000 hours steamed in daylight was plotted on charts in ten degrees squares. The reliability of the converted data is highest in the black dots.\nB. RORQUALS AND HUMPBACKS 1. Distribution The animals involved are not evenly distributed over the Oceans. There are big concentrations in certain areas, whereas in other areas practically no whales occur. Broadly outlined the highly populated areas coincide with the areas of greatest biological productivity of the sea, as shown by WALFORD (1958).\nIn the tropics and subtropics important areas with a great number of sighted whales are: the Caribbean, the North African west coast, the Atlantic coast of South Africa, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Bay of Bengal, the Indonesian Archipelago and the African east coast between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 40\xc2\xb0 S. It could be demonstrated that in the Indian Ocean southern Rorquals migrate over the entire breadth of the Ocean south of 30\xc2\xb0 S. North of 30\xc2\xb0 they migrate only at the eastern and the western side, apparently in order to avoid the waters with low biological productivity in the central part of the Ocean.\nNo special relationship was found between the distribution or the migratory routes of the whales and the course of the big Ocean currents with regard to the locomotory aspect. There was a special relationship only in those cases where the big currents show a great biological productivity, as for example the Gulf Stream and the currents in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. 2. Migration, general remarks With regard to Rorquals in the North and South Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, as well as with regard to Humpbacks in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean it could be demonstrated that during the summer a part of the population does not migrate into Arctic or Antarctic waters, but that it stays in tropical, subtropical or temperate waters. In Humpbacks the phenomenon is less pronounced than in Rorquals. In Rorquals the phenomenon is not caused by observations of Sei or Bryde Whales only, because catches of land stations and strandings show that Blue and Fin Whales are present during the summer in the waters involved as well. The percentage of the stock of Blue and Fin Whales staying behind in warm and temperate waters is not known, but the authors have the impression that it is not unsignificant. The number of Rorquals staying behind during the summer appears to be larger in the North than in the South Atlantic, probably because Fin Whales in the North Atlantic feed on fish.\nThe phenomenon of staying behind of a part of the population confirms the assumption that estimations of the Antarctic population of Blue, Fin or Humpback Whales never bear on the total stock of the species involved. The phenomenon may also cause that the number of periods or laminations in baleen plates or ear plugs, used in determining the age of Whalebone Whales, is not a reliable indication for the actual age of the animals. The actual age may be higher than the number of periods, because the staying behind in warm waters causes irregularities in their formation.\nIt could, however, be demonstrated, that in most areas the majority of the populations showed the generally accepted type of annual migration. 3. Migration, Rorquals In the North Atlantic the principal northward migration of Rorquals takes place in April-July, the southward migration in September-November. In the South Atlantic the period of migration southward is September-December, that of the northward migration March-June.\nThe majority of the Rorqual population (which may be principally the Fin Whale population) lives in the North Atlantic during the northern winter between 0\xc2\xb0 and 40\xc2\xb0 N and during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and the border of the pack ice. With regard to the South Atlantic these areas are: in the southern winter between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 S, in the southern summer between the equator and the pack ice, but mainly in Antarctic waters.\nThe northern and southern population apparently meet in the Caribbean, in waters off the North African west coast and probably also in the central part of the Ocean between 0\xc2\xb0 and 20\xc2\xb0 N.\nIn the Indian Ocean large concentrations of Rorquals have been encountered in the northern part of the Ocean during the southern summer, whereas the number of sightings during the southern winter is surprisingly small. During this season the majority of the Rorquals is concentrated in waters of Madagascar and off the Australian west coast. This suggests, that during the southern summer (northern winter) the northern part of the Ocean is populated by Rorquals coming from the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Probably these whales enter the Indian Ocean by passing the waters of the Indonesian Archipelago and the straits between these waters and the Indian Ocean. This supposition is supported by the fact that in the northern part of the Indian Ocean calves have been sighted in almost equal monthly numbers during the whole year, whereas in the Atlantic Ocean seasonal peaks in the number of sightings have been demonstrated. On the other hand, the possibility of a local stock in the northern part of the Indian Ocean may not be excluded.\nAlthough a number of southern Rorquals certainly migrate into the northern part of the Ocean during the southern winter, the majority of the population probably live in this season between the equator (or 10\xc2\xb0 S) and 30\xc2\xb0 S. In the southern summer the majority of the population is found in Antarctic.\nIn the North Pacific Ocean the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 20\xc2\xb0 N and the pack ice and in the northern winter between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The South Pacific population apparently migrates northward during the southern winter up to about 10\xc2\xb0 N. 4. Migration, Humpbacks Humpbacks appear to migrate principally in coastal waters with the exception of the crossing part of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic (30\xc2\xb0 N to 50\xc2\xb0 N) where they are found during the northern winter over the entire breadth of the Ocean. In the northern part of the Indian Ocean they are spread over a large part of the Ocean as well.\nIn the North Atlantic the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N, and during the northern winter between 40\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S (especially in the Caribbean and off the North African west coast). Probably all Humpbacks in the Caribbean belong to the northern stock, because the southern population appears to live during the southern winter between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 20\xc2\xb0 N at the African side of the Ocean, but between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the equator at the American side. During the southern summer they are found between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the pack ice (mostly in Antarctic waters). In former days the North Atlantic Humpback population probably lived further northward (in summer as well as in winter) than nowadays. This may be connected with changes in feeding conditions or with the general decrease of the stock.\nJust as has been shown with regard to Rorquals, a part of the North Pacific Humpback population seems to migrate into the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. The southern population of the Indian Ocean lives during the southern winter between the continent and 30\xc2\xb0 S. During the southern summer the animals are found between 45\xc2\xb0 S and the border of the pack ice.\nThe northern and southern stocks of the Pacific Ocean meet in waters of the Indonesian Archipelago. At the eastern (American) side of the Ocean the northern population lives during the summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N (or farther northward). During the winter they live between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The southern stock appears to migrate as far to the North as 10\xc2\xb0 N. 5. Calves Sightings of calves of Rorquals (probably the majority of them being Fin Whales) in the Atlantic Ocean point to a peak in the number of births in December-January for the northern population and in May-June for the southern stock.\nNorth Atlantic Humpbacks appear to be born principally in the southern part of the North Atlantic in April, whereas births of the southern stocks apparently occur in tropical waters with a peak in September.\nC.\nSPERM WHALES\n1. North Atlantic Sperm Whales are always present in the North Atlantic between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N, but on the African side the population appears to be much larger than on the American side. A great number of animals are sighted in the Gulf Stream during the summer. The northward migration starts in April, the animals return to the South in autumn. The majority of the females do not go farther to the North than 40\xc2\xb0 N (a minority probably up to 50\xc2\xb0 N). The males migrate into Arctic waters. During the northern winter the majority of the males and females apparently live between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N (the American stock mostly in the Caribbean), but some males may stay behind in colder waters as far as 60\xc2\xb0 N. 2. South Atlantic Practically no sightings of Sperm Whales have been reported from the South American east coast, although these waters show a reasonable biological productivity and although a great number of Rorquals have been sighted there. In former days great numbers of Sperm Whales have been caught in these waters. During the summer the males migrate into Antarctic waters, the females migrate up to about 40\xc2\xb0 S. During the winter most of the animals live in tropical waters but some males and females are present up to 40\xc2\xb0 S. 3. Indian Ocean With regard to the Indian Ocean there is a very significant correlation between the distribution of Sperm Whales and the biological productivity of the sea. In the northern part of the Ocean there are many more Sperm Whales sighted during the northern winter than during the northern summer.\nThe general seasonal movements described with regard to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans could not be demonstrated in the Indian Ocean. Apparently the Sperm Whales in this region show very special migratory movements which may be correlated with special conditions, caused by the fact that the Monsoon-stream in the northern part flows in an opposite direction in the two halves of the year. 4. Pacific Ocean Sperm Whales are encountered in the Indonesian Archipelago the whole year round. In the South Pacific they are not evenly distributed but apparently they are restricted to certain areas. The normal seasonal migratory movements could be demonstrated with regard to the South Pacific.\nD.\nOTHER SPECIES\n1. Little Piked Whales Fairly large numbers of this species were sighted throughout the whole year in tropical waters of all oceans. Large herds were also seen in the northern hemisphere. They show concentrations in areas with a high biological productivity of the sea. During the winter the majority of the animals apparently live in tropical and subtropical waters. During the spring and the autumn they show the usual migratory movements, just as Rorquals and Humpbacks. During the winter, however, some animals stay behind in northern waters, whereas during the summer there are some stragglers in warm waters.\nThe species has been observed in the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. In the North Atlantic births take place in warm or temperate waters, probably from November to March. 2. Californian Grey Whales Sightings in the North Pacific were quite in accordance with the generally accepted opinion about the migration of this species. 3. Right Whales North Atlantic as well as Southern Right Whales have been reported. The majority of the animals do not migrate into waters between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 20\xc2\xb0 S, but there are indications that a few animals may also visit these tropical waters.\nWith regard to the North Atlantic no sightings have been reported from regions north of 50\xc2\xb0 N, whereas there was a large number of sightings between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N during the northern summer.\nIn the Indian Ocean and in the Indian Archipelago two sightings were reported from waters between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S. These observations, however, need further confirmation.

Beschreibung: INTRODUCTION\nWhen in December 1960 the R.A.O.U. Checklist Committee was reorganised and the various tasks in hand were divided over its members, the owls were assigned to the author. While it was first thought that only the Boobook Owl, the systematics of which have been notoriously confused, would need thorough revision and that as regards the other species existing lists, for example Peters (1940), could be followed, it became soon apparent that it was impossible to make a satisfactory list without revision of all species.\nIn this paper the four Australian species of Strigidae are fully revised, over their whole ranges, and the same has been done for Tyto tenebricosa. Of the other three Australian Tytonidae, however, only the Australian races have been considered: these species have a wide distribution (one of them virtually world-wide) and it was not expected that the very considerable amount of extra work needed to include extralimital races would be justified by results.\nConsiderable attention has been paid to geographical distribution, and it appears that some species are much more restricted in distribution than has generally been assumed. A map of the distribution of each species is given; these maps are mainly based on material personally examined, and only when they extended the range as otherwise defined, have I made use of reliable field observations and material published but not seen by me.\nFrom the section on material examined it will be easy to trace the localities; where other information has been used, the reference follows the locality.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nThe revision was carried out, besides the Western Australian Museum,

Beschreibung: I. Introduction The present paper has been written for practical purposes in the first place. It intends to provide medical men in the field with some useful information on important mosquitoes. It is also meant to rouse some interest in those insects, that are of primary importance to public health. Three main categories will be dealt with : (a) Species known to be vectors of any human disease in the New Guinea territory; (b) Man-biting species without vector properties, merely annoying by their numbers (pest-mosquitoes) ; (c) Some species, not man-biting, but easily recognizable, wide-spread, and frequently present in mosquito collections.\nThe present synopsis has no pretentions as to its complete originality.\nBonne-Wepster & Brug (1937, 1939) already published a paper on 40 Culicines, later on modernized and extended to one hundred species by Bonne-Wepster (1954). Both these reviews, however, which are more or less out of date by now, are dealing with the whole area of the former Dutch East Indies, i.e. the Indonesian Republic including Western New Guinea This area includes parts of two entirely different faunistic provinces (the oriental and the australian), between which a natural, be it somewhat flexible, borderline exists. From a New Guinea point of view both papers carry a lot of ballast species : orientals, not occurring in the territory. On the other hand some New Guinea species which have become known as common are scarcely mentioned, or omitted. The monograph by Bonne-Wepster & Swellengrebel (1953) on the anophelines of the Indo-Australian region is hardly accessible to a non-entomologist because of the huge number of species dealt with. Yet, the anopheline fauna of New Guinea proper is poor

Beschreibung: The species numbers refer to those given in the author\xe2\x80\x99s previous revisions, cited at the genus. An a, b, or c number indicates the relationship of a new species.

Beschreibung: This is a taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in South and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia, and the Pacific. In this area, four sections are distinguished: 1. sect. Capparis, monotypic with C. spinosa, 2. sect. Sodada, monotypic with C. decidua, 3. sect. Monostichocalyx in a new circumscription containing most of the species formerly included in sect. Eucapparis, with about 65 species in the area under revision, 4. sect. Busbeckea, with 12\xe2\x80\x9414 species in all.\nOf the 79 species recognized, 7 are new, viz. C. cataphyllosa, cinerea, koioides, monantha, pachyphylla, rigida, and rufidula, and 2 are elevated from varietal to specific rank, viz. C. annamensis (C. grandiflora var. annamensis Baker \xc6\x92.) and C. pranensis (C. thorelii var. pranensis Pierre ex Gagn.). Of the 11 subspecies recognized under C. acutifolia, micracantha, and sikkimensis 9 are newly described or new in rank, like 3 out of the 8 varieties under C. loranthifolia, micracantha, and spinosa. Under C. brachybotrya, 2 formae have been maintained, under C. floribunda, is reduced. Three species, C. dielsiana with 2 varieties, C. longipes, and C. muelleriana, have been recorded as incompletely known besides.\nChapters on characters and internal relationships, and plant-geographic remarks have been added. All type specimens are cited with the names based on them, the other collections only as far as they are important for the knowledge of the distribution. Notes dealing with deviating specimens, nomenclatural problems, related species in Africa, &c. are given under the taxa.\nStarting from the idea that solitary large flowers and a beaked ovary with relatively many carpels, the presence of empty spiny bract-like cataphylls at the base of a shoot, and straight thorns are primitive characters, an attempt has been made to devise a subdivision of Sect. Monostichocalyx into 7 tentative Groups to show their natural interrelationships and possible derivation.\nIt is regarded as most likely, that the genus, as represented in the area under revision, originated in southern India/Ceylon and/or Gondwanaland, and migrated into Australia, and later through the Indo-Chinese Peninsula to the northwest and northeast, and into Malesia.\nAn index to numbered collections has been added. Hypselandra Pax & Hoffm. (syn. Meeboldia Pax & Hoffm.) is reduced to Maerua. B.S. Sun\xe2\x80\x99s new taxa from China are discussed in an appendix.

Beschreibung: To study the immigration and spreading of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands during the young Holocene, three peat bogs were palynologically investigated in the eastern Netherlands and in the adjacent German area. For this purpose peat samples have been collected in the Korenburgerveen near Winterswijk, in a peat bog near Burlo (Germany) and in the Aamsveen south-east of Enschede. The analysis of the peat-samples proved, that extensive beech-forests existed in subatlantic times in the subcentreuropean flora district of the Netherlands. This is shown in the comparatively high Fagus-percentages in the pollendiagrams.

Beschreibung: The reduction of Nelsonia campestris R.Br. to N. canescens (Lam.) Sprengl. was not justified; N. campestris is a species confined to Australia or, perhaps, to Australia and New Guinea; arguments are adduced against Bentham\xe2\x80\x99s view that N. campestris would be a common tropical weed. Thunbergia arnhemica F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. was erroneously sunk in Th. fragrans Roxb.; the latter is confined to India and Ceylon and Th. arnhemica to Australia. Ruellia acaulis R.Br., R. australis Cav., R. pumilio R.Br. and R. spiciflora F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. ex Bth. are transferred to a new genus Brunoniella, which is confined to Australia.

Beschreibung: As in my previous papers dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, here too the specimens dealt with are preserved either in my private collection, in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last-mentioned case the numbers are followed by a \xe2\x80\x9cU\xe2\x80\x9d), or in both. I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. G. W. Martin for sending me valuable specimens, and for his help, to the British Museum for the facilities accorded to me for studying its Myxomycete collections, and to Dr. R. Santesson of the Institute of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala for advice and the loan of valuable specimens.

Beschreibung: Specimens of a Didymium collected at Endegeest near Oegstgeest, a suburb of Leiden, on holly leaves, were put aside by Prof. Dr. W. K. H. Karstens as being near to Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, but not identical with it. Some of the specimens were collected in August 1944 by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, whereas several other ones were collected in October of the following year by Prof. Karstens at the same locality; they are all very similar, and remarkable in the smooth white calcareous crust, which is distant from the membranous inner part of the peridium, and in the rather dark spores, which are nearly all encircled by a thin, sometimes fragmentary ridge. Comparison with a large number of specimens of D. squamulosum has convinced me that the specimens collected at Endegeest are indeed distinct from that species. LISTER, in a footnote to D. squamulosum (3rd ed. 1925, p. 118), mentions a form collected on holly leaves, but the description and figure prove that this is plainly D. squamulosum, and certainly not identical with the above mentioned specimens.\nThe specimens from Endegeest are not identical with D. praecox de Bary either. The latter is described by Lister \xe2\x80\x9cas so inconstant that the name cannot be applied to mark even a variety\xe2\x80\x9d. However, D. praecox was described by Berlese in Saccardo (Syll. 1306) and by Massee (Mon. p. 223) (the two descriptions, probably based on that given by Rostafinsky, which was not seen by me, are practically identical) as possessing a double peridium. Study of a duplicate of de Bary\xe2\x80\x99s type specimen in the Rabenhorst \xe2\x80\x9cFungi Europaei\xe2\x80\x9d collection no. 367, 1861, preserved at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 910243-676), shows this to be D. squamulosum, as the crystalline lime crust closely adheres to the membranous inner layer of the peridium, a condition which is characteristic of this species; this is seen quite clearly at the time of dehiscence, as the two layers break away simultaneously. The spores were found by me to be 10-11 \xc2\xb5 in diam., and not 8\xe2\x80\x949 \xc2\xb5, as they are said to be in Massee\xe2\x80\x99s description (which, however, comes within the range allowed for the spores of this species by Lister and by Martin in their monographs, viz. 8-11 \xc2\xb5), and they are spinulose; some of the dark spinules are grouped in clusters, whereas the remaining ones are unevenly and sparingly scattered between these clusters. In the specimens collected at Endegeest the crystalline lime layer of the peridium, as stated above, is distinctly separated from the membranous inner layer, the latter, moreover, is often provided with light brown areolae, a feature which is seen also in D. nigripes and in D. melanospermum, but which I myself have not met with in D. squamulosum. However, Lister describes the inner peridium of the latter as \xe2\x80\x9csometimes mottled with red-brown towards the base\xe2\x80\x9d; this, therefore, is a point which deserves further study. Other noteworthy points are that the spores of the new species are provided with a ridge and that the spinules are not arranged in clusters.

Beschreibung: Mr S. Savage, F.L.S., formerly the Linnean Society\xe2\x80\x99s Librarian and Assistant Secretary, has now completed the catalogue of the Herbarium of the Society\xe2\x80\x99s first President, Sir James Edward Smith, which contains nearly 20,000 sheets. The MS. consists of over 1400 foolscap pages and includes a preface, a list of 83 contributors and over 500 collectors.\nPacific Botanists 1963. Mr E. H. Bryan Jr composed this very useful booklet which gives reference to c. 1250 persons, arranged both by names with full address and by an interest index. Mimeographed at the Pacific Scientific Information Centre, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Beschreibung: Previous to the 4th UNESCO Expedition, Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium made three trips together with Mr Tem Smitinand, first to Doi Chiengdao and Doi Suthep in the North (Aug. 15-21, 1963), then to the Khao Yai National Park in Central Siam (Aug. 28-29), then to Pha Nok Khao and Phu Krading South of Loie in NE. Siam (Sept. 8-11).\nThe 4th UNESCO Training Expedition was conducted by Mr Tem Smitinand of the Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, and Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium, the latter serving as only instructor. The 10 participants, from Vietnam (1), the Philippines (1), Malaya (2), Singapore (1), Indonesia (2) and Thailand (3) started from a base camp 44 km from the highway from Suratthani to Takuapa in the Peninsula on Sept. 19, 1963. They investigated the flora of 7 limestone hills in the region: Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Lek, Khao Wong, Khao Ne Dang, Khao Pak Chawng, Khao Lang Tao, Khao Dai Kuad, ranging in altitude from 180 to 500 m. Each of these hills had a few peculiar species which were not found on the other hills, although in general the flora, especially in the lower slopes, was the same; 156 herbarium numbers with duplicates were here collected.

Beschreibung: 1. Scarcity of fruit setting. In some Malesian plants from the rain-forest it is striking that fruit setting on the inflorescence is very late. Many flowers, sometimes hundreds, are produced without ever setting fruit and the entire inflorescence may finally bear but very few fruits situated at the end of a stalk which is often densely covered with bracts. This suggests a discrepancy of correlation between vegetative and reproductive growth which appears unbalanced.\nSuch a balance can easily be upset artificially, by removing the ovaries of flowers after anthesis. I remember having this demonstrated in our private garden with a cultivated foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, which grew so long that I had to use a chair to stand on for reaching the top of the raceme which became thinner and thinner, but still went on producing flowers until the frost in end November put an end to the experiment. By then the raceme was about two metres long.

Beschreibung: This paper is based largely on collections made by the author in Michigan, U.S.A. The genera represented among these collections are Flagelloscypha Donk (with 1 species), Lachnella Fr. emend. Donk (1), Cyphellopsis Donk (1), Merismodes Earle (1), Henningsomyces O. Kuntze (1), Calathella Reid, gen. nov. (2), Cellypha Donk (1), Pellidiscus Donk (1), Stromatocyphella W. B. Cooke emend. Reid (1), Plicaturopsis Reid, gen. nov. (1). The generic differences between Cyphellopsis, Merismodes and Phaeocyphellopsis W. B. Cooke are critically discussed; the latter genus is reduced to the synonymy of Merismodes. Full accounts are given of all the species, including an unidentified sterile Cyphelloid fungus and two new taxa viz. Henningsomyces pubera var. americana Reid and Calathella davidii Reid.

Beschreibung: In 19491 pointed attention to the fact that the annonaceous generic name Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th., Fl. Ind. (1855) 145, is a later homonym of the ricciaceous genus Oxymitra Bischoff ex Lindenb., Syn. Hepat. Eur. (1829) 124. Cf. Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg ser. III, 17: 458.\nAs the name of the hepatic genus is still in use it seemed to me impossible to suppress it and consequently I proposed a new generic name for the annonaceous genus, viz. Friesodielsia, without making any new combinations under that name.

Beschreibung: Planta herbacea, caulibus gracilibus, scandentibus vel prostratis?, sparse patule pilosis, glabrescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolis 3\xe2\x80\x945 mm longis, sparse patule pilosis, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata vel interdum oblonga, (2.5\xe2\x80\x94)5\xe2\x80\x947 cm longa, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm lata, basi rotundata, apice acuta mucronulata, in marginibus adpresse pilosa, ceterum sparse pilosa vel glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4\xe2\x80\x946 ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, pedunculatae, 1-florae; pedunculis 2\xe2\x80\x944(\xe2\x80\x946) cm longis, gracilibus, sparse patule pilosis vel glabris; pedicellis apicem versus incrassatis, verruculosis, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longis; bracteis minutis, subulatis. Sepala aequaba vel interiora subbreviora, 12\xe2\x80\x9415 mm longa, exteriora 2 crassiuscula, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apicem acutum versus attenuata vel acuminata, dorso verruculosa et sparse breviter pilosa, interiora 3 membranacea, oblonga, cuspidata, laevia et glabra vel sepalum tertium ad basin verruculosum. Corolla infundibuliformis, verisim. c. 2\xe2\x80\x942.5 cm longa, glabra, flava. Stamina inclusa, filamentis 6\xe2\x80\x947 mm longis, c. 2.5 mm supra basin corollae insertis, basi breviter pilosis, antheris maturis contortis, c. 3\xe2\x80\x943.5 mm longis. Discus annularis. Ovarium pilosum; stylo incluso, c. 8\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longo, glabro.\nNEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea: Kebar Valley, Andjai, c. 600 malt., on grassland, rather common, herb, flowers yellow, 6-9-1959, V. W. Moll B. W. 9511 (L, type; LAE).

Beschreibung: Frutex. Rami subteretes, lanato-tomentosi. Folia 4-verticillata, apice ramulorum congesta, ad axillas pilis sericeis isabellinis c. 1\xc2\xbd cm longis fasciculatis instructa; periolus c. \xc2\xbe cm longus, supra canaliculatus, lanatus; lamina obovato-oblonga, 5\xc2\xbd-7 cm longa, 2\xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x943 cm lata, chartacea, in vivo verosimiliter convexa, margine recurvata, supra breviter tomentosa, subtus lanato-tomentosa, apice acuta, margine apicem versus minute serrata, basi cuneata parumque attenuata, costa supra parum canaliculata, subtus prominente, nervis utrinque 10\xe2\x80\x9412 tenuibus supra prominulis subtus invisibilibus. Inflorescentiae axillares breviter pedunculatae, glomeratae, pauciflorae, bracteis sat magnis, floribus sessilibus. Flores 14 mm longi. Calyx heterosepalus, lobo dorsali anguste deltoideo, acuto, 2\xc2\xbd mm longo, lobis ceteris ovatis, rotundato-obtusis, lobo ventrali 1 mm longo, lobis lateralibus \xc2\xbe mm longis, omnibus extus sicut ovarium sat dense, intus sparsius pilosis. Corolla 12 mm longa, tubo 6 mm longo, intus lanato, lobis intus in parte basali sparse pilosis, extus praeter dimidio inferiore tubi excepto lanato-tomentosa; loborum margines membranacei, in superiore dimidio parte lati et crispi, in dimidio inferiore angusti ciliisque nonnullis dentibusque penicillatis instructi. Stamina 6 mm longa, glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antberis oblongis 1 mm longis, connectivo apice truncato ibique apiculato. Stylus 7 mm longus, in inferiore dimidio pilis lanatis nonnullis, infra indusium sat dense ciliis longis rigidis patentibus obsitus.\nBORNEO. Sabah: Ranau District, Mt Tambuyokon 15 miles NE. of Kinabalu peak, W. Meijer SAN 22818 type), fl. July 1961, alt. 2500 m, common shrub on summit ridge, in subalpine vegetation on serpentine.

Beschreibung: In the northern part of Belgium, Dryopteris tavelii is mostly found in young plantations of Pinus in the Campine and Flemish districts. As some of these localities are situated near the Dutch border, the author expects that the species may also occur in similar habitats in the Netherlands parts of these districts.

Beschreibung: Na de excursie naar de Langstraat en omgeving in 1961, waarvan een kort verslag te vinden is in Gorteria 1, no. 4, 1962, p. 30-31, werd in 1962 de zomerexcursie gehouden in de omgeving van Woerden van 9 tot 14 juli. In totaal werden ruim 500 soorten genoteerd in de volgende I.V.O.N.- uurhokken: 31-34; 31-35; 31-44; 31-45; 31-46; 31-54; 31-55; 38-13; 38-14 en 38-25.\nDe zomerexcursie-1963 werd gehouden in de omgeving van Rhenen. Tijdens deze excursie, die plaats vond van 15-20 juli werden ruim 750 soorten genoteerd, waaronder vele adventieven van het graanoverslagterrein bij Wageningen. De volgende I.V.O.N.-uurhokken werden bezocht: 32-46; 32-56; 39-16; 39-17; 39-24; 39-25; 39-26; 39-27; 39-36; 39-46 en 39-47.

Beschreibung: Carex crawfordii Fern., found in 1926 as an alien near Veghel, prov. Noord-Brabant, was now met with on the stony slope of a new dike of Oost-Flevoland polder between Harderwijk and Lelystad.

Beschreibung: A preliminary systematic study of the genus Crataegus L. in the Netherlands resulted in the fact that at least 3 taxa can be distinguished, viz. the species C. monogyna Jacq. and C. oxyacantha L., and the hybrid C. calycina Peterm. X C. oxyacantha L. The hybrid was not yet known from this country; it is found in the NE part of Drente in hedges around wet pastures on a clay-formation deposited in the Riss-glacial period.

Beschreibung: Dutch floras mention two adventitious species of Erigeron L. sect. Phalacroloma (Cass.) Cronquist, viz. E. annuus (L.) Pers. [= Stenactis annua (L.) N. ab E.] and E. strigosus M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd. [= Stenactis strigosa (M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd.) DC.; S. bellidiflora (Wallr.) A. Br. ex Koch]. From a study of the specimens in several Netherlands herbaria appeared that only E. strigosus M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd. has been found here. Nearly all the material belongs to var. septentrionalis (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.; only a few specimens represent var. beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey.) A. Gray.

Beschreibung: Galeopsis pubescens Bess, has established itself near Oranjewoud (prov. Friesland); it was found there for the first time in 1910.

Beschreibung: Hippuris vulgaris L. f. undulata Boll. Van de heren D. C. van Dord en G. Rietveld ontvingen wij materiaal van Hippuris vulgaris met fijn gekroesde ondergedoken bladen, dat gevonden was in een sloot aan de weg tussen Kesteren en Ochten op 25 juli 1963 en dat gerekend moet worden tot de f. undulata Boll, in Arch. Ver. Fr. Naturgesch. Mecklenb. 14, 1860, p. 245. v. O. en R.

Beschreibung: Some new localities of Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad., Trifolium micranthum Viv., and Juncus inflexus L. in the southwestern part of Friesland.\nNaschrift van de redactie. Tijdens het voor de druk gereed maken van bovenstaand artikel ontvingen wij van de heer Van der Ploeg enige exemplaren van Trifolium micranthum Viv., die hij aantrof in het herbarium van een van zijn leerlingen, S. Muizelaar, en die verzameld waren op de oostelijke helft van het Oudemirdumer Klif. Deze nieuwe vindplaats vormt dus een schakel tussen die bij Vollenhove en de hier boven beschreven vondst op de dijk van Workum naar Hindelopen.\nVerder is het vermeldenswaard dat T. micranthum ook op Ameland blijkt voor te komen. Het was wederom de heer Van der Ploeg die de soort daar in augustus j.l. ontdekte op de Waddenzeedijk ten zuiden van Ballum, weer op een door schapen beweid dijktalud. Kort daarna bleek hem dat het plantje op het stuk Waddenzeedijk beginnend ten zuiden van Ballum tot voorbij de Reeweg ten zuiden van Hollum eigenlijk overal te vinden was.

Beschreibung: This series of acquisitions to the Netherlands adventitious flora contains descriptions of and notes on 1. Acaena ovalifolia Ruiz & Pav., 2. Amsinckia retrorsa Suksd., and 3. Bidens frondosus L. var. anomalus Porter ex Fernald. Moreover two species are mentioned that escaped from cultivation.

Beschreibung: The composition of the 2nd part of this work corresponds to that of the 1st, but, because it deals with only one class, the Monocotyledons, the whole could be more homogeneous. The Monocotyledons are systematically and anatomically less profoundly examined than the Conifers and the Dicotyledons, and for that reason it might be expected that phytochemistry could offer more often a solution in difficult taxonomical questions than in the above mentioned taxa. Unfortunately the phytochemical knowledge of the ca. 40 families of Monocotyledons has appeared to be so scant that it was impossible to base a comparison of the taxa on the chemical constituents. Only in a few cases there appeared to be clear chemical relations or differences, e.g. in the taxa of the Liliaceae \xe2\x80\x93 Amaryllidaceae complex.\nAs in the first part of this book the author followed the view of Von Wettstein regarding the circumscription of the families, except for instances where chemistry favoured the splitting into smaller ones, as one can find so often in Hutchinson\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cFamilies of Flowering Plants\xe2\x80\x9d. For this reason Von Wettstein\xe2\x80\x99s large families in the Helobiae have been accepted against the smaller concepts in this group by Hutchinson; reversely, Hutchinson has partly been followed in that the Liliaceae-Dracaenoideae together with the Amaryllidaceae-Agavoideae, occur combined as Agavaceae. Subfam. Amaryllidoideae (Allioideae excepted) has been considered as a separate family Amaryllidaceae, because of the occurrence of alkaloids in this group and the total absence of this constituent in the other taxa of the former Amaryllidaceae s.l.

Beschreibung: Opgedragen aan Prof. Dr. H. Boschma ter gelegenheid van zijn 70ste verjaardag.\nThe subfamily Rumininae of the pulmonate gastropod family Subulinidae is represented in Southern Africa by the endemic genus Xerocerastus Kobelt & von M\xc3\xb6llendorff, 1902. Xerocerastus has been divided into three subgenera, viz., Xerocerastus s.s., Lubricetta Haas, 1928 and Namibiella Zilch, 1954 \xc2\xb9). About fourteen species with many varieties, of which most are probably only of ecological significance, are now generally recognized. The genus is not treated in Connolly\'s monograph (1939), but the group has been reported upon in detail by various authors, viz., Connolly (1930), Zilch (1939, 1954) and Van Bruggen (1963).\nA number of years ago my attention was drawn to a sample of Xerocerastus burchelli (Gray) from the Northern Transvaal, preserved in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; this seemed outside the known range of both genus and species and the case was filed for further investigation. Only recently I have had opportunity to go into this matter and the results of this study are presented here.\nPilsbry (1919, pp. 309-310, fig. 158) was the first to discuss distribution and affinities of the genus Xerocerastus. Degner\'s (1923) studies of the anatomy showed that, contrary to general opinion, Xerocerastus does not belong to the Enidae, but must be referred to the family Subulinidae of the superfamily Achatinacea (c.q. Achatinidae s.l.). Consequently in showing the distribution of Xerocerastus as a subgenus of Cerastus, and in connection with the range of the latter, Pilsbry\'s map has to a certain extent lost its meaning. The genus Xerocerastus has to be considered an isolated element

Beschreibung: The genus Acidostoma was established by Lilljeborg (1865, p. 24) to receive Anonyx obesus Sp. Bate (1862, p. 74). Afterwards two further species have been added, viz. A. laticorne G. O. Sars (1879, p. 440) and A. nodiferum Stephensen (1923, p. 40). In the present paper it will be shown that A. laticorne as generally understood comprises two superficially similar but clearly distinct species with a widely different geographical range.\nOn the whole the species of Acidostoma appear to be nowhere numerous and practically nothing is known about their ecology. The present writer has had access to a comparatively large number of specimens collected by the Danish Fisheries Research vessels in the North Sea. From these it was possible to draw some further information both on taxonomy and ecology.\n\nDEFINITION OF THE GENUS\nIn most respects the Acidostoma species are typical representatives of the family Lysianassidae, but the mouth-parts are peculiar and show a series of interesting adaptations. The generic name was chosen by Lilljeborg in order to call attention to the fact that they form a long and protruding cone.\nThe generic definition given by Lilljeborg (1865) runs as follows: "Forma corporis et antennarum cum genere Anonycis congruit, oris partes appendiculares tamen plane diversae. Labii rami laterales angusti. Mandibulae processu accessorio, maxillae 1: mi paris palpo, et palpus maxillipedum ungue carentes, et hae partes oris conjunctim acumen productum praebent. Pedes trunci 1: mi paris robusti, manu prehensili. Pedes 2: di paris graciles, ungue carentes." This definition was amplified by Della Valle (1893, p. 782), G. O. Sars (1895, pp. 37-38), and Stebbing (1906, p. 14). It was demonstrated that

Beschreibung: The genus Cerceris Latreille contains several hundreds of species and is represented in all zoological regions, in temperate areas as well as in the tropics and subtropics. In 1942 Arnold stated that about 650 specific names had been proposed in this genus; since then another 125 new species have been described.\nThe species of certain parts of the world are well known. In recent years De Beaumont (1950, 1951, 1958) and others have published some important revisions of the species of Europe and North Africa, while Tsuneki (1961) studied the species of North Eastern Asia (for further references see pp. 19-21 of Tsuneki\'s paper). The Ethiopian Cerceris have been monographed by Brauns (1926) and by Arnold (1931, 1942). The species of the Nearctic region have been studied for several years by Prof. H. Scullen, who informed me that an extensive revision will appear in 1964.\nObviously it would be of considerable interest to study the relationships within this genus from a worldwide point of view. Unfortunately, this is still far from possible, mainly on account of our insufficient knowledge of the species of South America and of the Oriental and Australian regions.\nAs regards the Oriental region, the only more comprehensive paper is Turner\'s revision (1912) of the species inhabiting the former British India; it deals with 61 species, including 22 new ones. The Cerceris species of the Indo-Australian archipelago have never been revised, and our knowledge of this subject consists of no more than about 30 separate decriptions, many of which are very incomplete.\nThe present paper on the Javan Cerceris is a first attempt towards improvement of this situation; I hope that it may be followed by similar studies

Beschreibung: In het standaardwerk \xe2\x80\x9eDie S\xc3\xa4ugetiere" van Max Weber (1904) treffen wij op p. 550 de taxonomie aan van de Trichechidae, welke thans Odobenidae worden genoemd. Op genoemde pagina lezen wij: \xe2\x80\x9ePlioc\xc3\xa4ne Reste aus England und Belgien beweisen die fr\xc3\xbchere gr\xc3\xb6ssere Verbreitung". Pliocene overblijfselen uit ons land waren dus in 1904 blijkbaar nog niet bekend.\nIn 1906 werd in Nederland de eerste duidelijke aanwijzing gevonden van een fossiele Odobenus. Een visser vond toen namelijk tegenover Breskens, Zeeuwsch Vlaanderen, in de Wester-Schelde een schedel met de beide slagtanden. Hieronder hoop ik op deze en dergelijke vondsten terug te komen.\nIn 1927-1928 kwam de tweede druk van \xe2\x80\x9eDie S\xc3\xa4ugetiere" uit; Weber had zich toen verzekerd van twee medewerkers, O. Abel en H. M. de Burlet.\nHet omvangrijke werk verscheen nu in twee delen en in deel II (1928, p. 353) staat onder de vindplaatsen van fossiele Odobenidae ook ons land vermeld. Vindplaatsen, data en namen van de gevonden stukken worden niet genoemd, terwijl de naam van het geslacht Odobenus Brisson is veranderd in die van Trichecodon Lankester, waarbij nog aangetekend wordt, dat dit laatstgenoemde genus dichtbij de recente walrus Odobenus rosmarus (L.) staat.\nWenden wij ons nu tot de gevonden resten:\nDE FOSSIELE WALRUSSEN VAN NEDERLAND\nOdobenus huxleyi (Lankester) (Pl. XIII) 1. Zomer 1906. Bij Breskens werd in de Wester-Schelde gevonden een schedel met de twee slagtanden, doch zonder onderkaak. Dit stuk kwam in handen van dr. S. Schouten, die het schonk aan het Geologisch Instituut te Utrecht. In 1907 heeft L. Rutten de schedel aldaar onderzocht en

Beschreibung: Lorsqu\'il faut se contenter d\'espaces restreints, comme c\'est le cas dans le b\xc3\xa2timent des singes du jardin zoologique d\'Anvers, il peut arriver facilement que des repr\xc3\xa9sentants de diff\xc3\xa9rentes esp\xc3\xa8ces soient log\xc3\xa9s dans une m\xc3\xaame cage. Ce fut entre autre le cas d\'un m\xc3\xa2le cercopith\xc3\xa8que mona, Cercopithecus mona mona (Schreber), et d\'une femelle singe argent\xc3\xa9, Cercopithecus mitis doggetti Pocock (anciennement l\'esp\xc3\xa8ce \xc3\xa9tait connue sous le nom C. leucampyx Fischer). Cette derni\xc3\xa8re avait \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 accoupl\xc3\xa9e auparavant \xc3\xa0 un m\xc3\xa2le de la m\xc3\xaame esp\xc3\xa8ce; le jeune qui vint au monde ne v\xc3\xa9cut que 44 jours; lorsqu\'il naquit, son p\xc3\xa8re \xc3\xa9tait d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0 mort.\nLa femelle qui surv\xc3\xa9cut fut plac\xc3\xa9e aupr\xc3\xa8s d\'un cercopith\xc3\xa8que mona tr\xc3\xa8s robuste, de sorte qu\'il fut ainsi possible d\'exposer les deux esp\xc3\xa8ces tout en n\'utilisant qu\'une seule cage. Quel ne fut pas notre \xc3\xa9tonnement lorsque nous constat\xc3\xa2mes que le volume du corps du singe argent\xc3\xa9 fit appara\xc3\xaetre que l\'animal \xc3\xa9tait en gestation. Bien que la mise en commun de diff\xc3\xa9rentes esp\xc3\xa8ces de singes ne soit pas une exception dans un jardin zoologique, Gray ne mentionne dans son ouvrage relatif aux mammif\xc3\xa8res hybrides que quatre exemples seulement de Cercopith\xc3\xa8ques, notamment Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus (F. Cuvier) X Macaca radiata (Geoffroy), Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus (F. Cuvier) X Macaca sinica (Linnaeus), Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus (Linnaeus) X Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann), et Cercopithecus mitis Wolf X Cercocebus torquatus torquatus (Kerr). J\'apprend par le Dr. E. F. Jacobi, directeur de \xe2\x80\x9eNatura Artis Magistra" \xc3\xa0 Amsterdam, qu\'un couple de cercopith\xc3\xa8ques, compos\xc3\xa9 d\'un m\xc3\xa2le Cercopithecus mona (Schreber) et d\'une femelle Cercopithecus albogularis (Sykes) de ce jardin zoologique a donn\xc3\xa9 naissance aux jeunes suivantes: 2 m\xc3\xa2les n\xc3\xa9s le 11 mai

Beschreibung: A sample of fig wasps from New Caledonia, sent to me by Mr. E. J. H.\nCorner, contained a species of Blastophaga Gravenhorst (Agaonidae) and a species of Sycobiella Westwood (Torymidae). The insects were reared from the receptacles of Ficus dzumacensis Guillaum. The Blastophaga is of interest because it is the first record of a fig wasp from any Ficus of the section Oreosycea. The species of Sycobiella is the first to become known in both sexes.\nSycobiella boschmai sp. n.\nSeries \xe2\x99\x80, \xe2\x99\x82, ex Ficus dzumacensis Guillaum. (det. E. J. H. Corner), Mt. Kogi, New Caledonia, leg. H. S. McKee, 26 December 1960, no. 7797; coll. Museum Leiden, no. 574; holotype (\xe2\x99\x82), slide no. 574b, allotype (\xe2\x99\x80), no. 574a, paratypes (\xe2\x99\x82, \xe2\x99\x80), no. 574c, d, e.\nMale. \xe2\x80\x94 Head (fig. 20) not quite as long as wide. Eyes large. Antennal toruli situated on the dorsal surface, wide apart, with large lateral ridges.\nOcelli absent. Epistomal margin very faintly trilobate, with six stout hairs.\nMandible large, nearly as long as the head, with a subapical tooth (without glands), and a bidentate axial process (with two glands) near the base.\nMaxilla with many long, stout hairs. Maxillary palpus (fig. 1) consisting of two segments, the apical segment nearly twice as long as the basal segment; labial palpus consisting of only one segment.\nAntenna (fig. 11). Scape very large, expanded anteriorly, very shortly stalked; pedicel one fifth the length of the scape; third antennal segment annuliform; the fourth to tenth segments larger, the apical two shaped so as to form a club. Funicular segments with two or three triangular sensilla at the antaxial distal edges, the tenth segment moreover with one sensillum

Beschreibung: INTRODUCTION\nThe second author in 1959 and 1960 collected aphids in the Netherlands.\nGermany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Southeastern France, Israel and Iran, concentrating on Phyllaphidine ("Callipterine") aphids. Many species were reared and used for small experiments. In the Netherlands, Austria, and during the period of 22 August 1959 to 13 September 1959 in Southern France, the first author took part in the aphid hunt. The resulting material was handed to the first author for preliminary identification.\nA considerable number of undescribed species was discovered. Rather than merely publish the descriptions we have decided to write a more comprehensive paper. The study of some species, e.g., Therioaphis ononidis (Kaltenbach), over their territory gave us an insight into their intraspecific variability and this knowledge could then be applied to such controversial species as Therioaphis trifolii (Monell).\nTHE HISTORY OF THE GENUS THERIOAPHIS WALKER, 1870 F. Walker very briefly described the genus and indicated Aphis ononidis Kaltenbach, 1846, as the type. As according to Doncaster (1961), Aphis ononidis Kaltenbach is still present among Walker\'s slides, no confusion about the type is possible. B\xc3\xb6rner (1949) erected the new genera Triphyllaphis, Pterocallidium and Myzocallidium which will have to be discussed in some detail.\nTriphyllaphis B\xc3\xb6rner, 1949, type Triphyllaphis luteola B\xc3\xb6rner, 1949, is distinguished from the other genera by the presence of pleural hairs in first instar larvae and adults, and the conical shape and absence of notable pigmentation of the hair-bearing processi in apterae. We can confirm the

Beschreibung: In the course of my study of the Thymelaeaceae for the Flora Malesiana, it was surprising to find that the well known Asiatic species Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. is very similar to the Malesian A. malaccensis Lamk, and that the Chinese species Ophiospermum sinense Lour, was transferred to Aquilaria independently by Sprengel (1825), Gilg (1894), and Merrill (1920), with the specific epithet either \xe2\x80\x98chinensis\xe2\x80\x99 or \xe2\x80\x98sinensis\xe2\x80\x99. In order to clarify the status and delimitation of the species concerned, the results of my investigations may follow here.\nAmong the unnamed collections of Thailand Thymelaeaceae received for determination from the Kew Herbarium, two species of Aquilaria were found, a new one, A. subintegra Ding Hou, and a new record for the flora of that country, A. crassna Pierre ex H. Lec.

Beschreibung: Sea-grasses are phanerogams which are completely adapted to life in marine waters. They are recruited exclusively from two families, the Potamogetonaceae (7 genera with ca. 35 species) and the Hydrocharitaceae (3 genera with 12 species), and form together an interesting ecological group. Consequently, their taxonomy, morphology, flower biology, and geographic distribution have been much studied, especially by Ascherson (1868, 1889, 1906, 1907), Sauvageau (1890, 1891), Ostenfeld (1915, 1916, 1927), Setchell (1920, 1935), and Miki (1932, 1934). In spite of the work of these eminent investigators the taxonomy of several genera viz. Halodule, Posidonia, Zostera, and Phyllospadix is yet imperfectly known. One of the most serious gaps in our knowledge is no doubt the lack of ecological data; this greatly hampers the judgment of the biometric characters of the species with relation to their usefulness for taxonomical purpose. Less important is the fact that the generative parts of several species are partly or completely unknown.\nThe taxonomy of the genus Halodule, which had been known for a long time under the name Diplanthera has been studied in the scope of the revision of the Potamogetonaceae for the Flora Malesiana. The development of the taxonomy of this genus has been seriously obstructed not only by the difficulties in the interpretation of the slight morphological differences between the species but also by the fact that nearly all investigators based their identifications on the works of Ascherson (1889,1906,1907). According to this author the genus Halodule contains two species: H. uninervis (Forsk.) Aschers. and H. wrightii Aschers. Although he mentioned differences in generative and vegetative characters, the difference in geographic distribution he regarded as more important. Specimens from the Indo-Pacific were referred to as H. uninervis and those from the Caribbean were called H. wrightii. The geographic character was stressed in particular by Ostenfeld: \xe2\x80\x9cOn the whole it is not possible to distinguish the two species when sterile, except using their quite different geographical distribution as criterion.\xe2\x80\x9d (1902, p. 262). \xe2\x80\x9cDie zwei Arten der Gattung sind einander so \xc3\xa4hnlich, dass es nicht sicher ist, ob sie als zwei Arten beibehalten werden konnen. Ganz wie beim Artenpaare Halophila Baillonis \xe2\x80\x93 H. decipiens sind die Verbreitungsareale eigentlich das beste Unterscheidungsmerkmal.\xe2\x80\x9d (1927, p. 47). No wonder that the specimens in the herbaria all seem to be identified according to the traditional geographic scheme, even when the morphological characters of the plants de not agree with the species descriptions.

Beschreibung: The genus Aphylla was proposed by DE SELYS in 1854, when he divided the Gomphoides Complex into the three genera Gomphoides, Aphylla and Cyclophylla (= Phyllocycla; Zoologica 33, Part 2, p. 62, 1948, Cyclophylla preoccupied). However, the differentiating venational characters drawn up by DE SELYS (1854), by DE SELYSHAGEN (1858), and by NEEDHAM (1940) for the genera Aphylla and Phyllocycla are not sharp, as was discussed by CALVERT in his description of Aphylla alia from Kartabo (Zoologica 33, part 2, p. 66-67, 1948). The males of the Surinam dragon flies which have been referred to the genus Aphylla differ from Phyllocycla in that the postero-lateral angles of the tenth abdominal segment are prolonged in a sharp point; the lateral margins of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments are not leaf-like but extremely reduced, to narrow strips; and the distal portion of vein A2 is not strongly convergent with vein A3 but diverges somewhat from it and from vein A1. I believe that these characters place beyond doubt the generic status of the Surinam material in question, which is represented in my collection by adults of three species. Of these species, one is Aphylla producta Selys 1854, already recorded as occurring in Surinam and one is the little known species Aphylla dentata Selys 1859, which has not previously been recorded from this country. The third species is closely allied to the latter and is apparently new; in the present paper it is described under the specific name simulata.

Beschreibung: Les P\xc3\xa9nicillates de la famille des Lophoproctid\xc3\xa9s ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 signal\xc3\xa9s de plusieurs Antilles, de Trinidad et de la c\xc3\xb4te v\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9zu\xc3\xa9lienne. Abondants \xc3\xa0 la Jama\xc3\xafque (mat\xc3\xa9riaux in\xc3\xa9dits de P. F. BELLINGER, ils sont seuls repr\xc3\xa9sent\xc3\xa9s dans les r\xc3\xa9coltes faites au Surinam par le Dr. J. VAN DER DRIFT et nous en poss\xc3\xa9dons aussi un exemplaire du Guatemala. La premi\xc3\xa8re mention est d\xc3\xbbe \xc3\xa0 POCOCK (1894) qui d\xc3\xa9crit son Polyxenus longisetis de Moustique et St.-Vincent (petites Antilles du Vent). La diagnose est tr\xc3\xa8s sommaire et LOOMIS (1934 b), se fondant sur la grande longueur des antennes, sugg\xc3\xa8re que l\xe2\x80\x99esp\xc3\xa8ce aurait d\xc3\xbb \xc3\xaatre plac\xc3\xa9e dans le genre Lophoproctus; auparavant (1934 a), LOOMIS avait rapport\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 longisetis des sp\xc3\xa9cimens de Cuba (Jatibonico) et de St.-Kitts (= St.-Christophe, petite Antille du Vent situ\xc3\xa9e au Nord du groupe), aveugles et pourvus d\xe2\x80\x99antennes lophoproctidiennes.\nSILVESTRI (1903) d\xc3\xa9crit sommairement son Lophoproctus obscuriseta du Venezuela (Caracas).

Beschreibung: In the course of my researches in Surinam a species of Rhodopygia was often collected, the specimens of which answered fairly closely to Dr. F. RIS\xe2\x80\x99s description of Rhodopygia hollandi in the Libellulinae of the DE SELYS collection.\nHowever, after studying PH. P. CALVERT\xe2\x80\x99s original description of the species in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (1911, Odonata, p. 318\xe2\x80\x94319, tab. 9, fig. 54) I found my species to be manifestly different in kind from Rhodopygia hollandi, and hence the determination with the aid of RIS\xe2\x80\x99s Libellulinae was incorrect.

Beschreibung: Recently Dr. I. KRISTENSEN, Director of the Caribbean Marine-Biological Institute at Cura\xc3\xa7ao, kindly donated to the Leiden Natural History Museum a small collection of fishes he collected during a 1961 visit to Trinidad. These specimens proved to be of considerable interest, providing new distributional data and even including two species not listed in my previous review of the freshwater fishes of the island (1960), and induced me to prepare the present paper. The opportunity has been taken in this paper to correct some errors and omissions in the review.\nThe species discussed here are numbered in accordance with my 1960 enumeration, the numbers 2a and 68a being additions.

Beschreibung: Single female specimens of dragon flies are often difficult to identify owing to the fact that, when they are known at all, the descriptions are incomplete and mostly lack the essential figure of the genitalia. The following are descriptions of the unknown females of five species, the males of which have been known for the last eighteen to fifty years. They are all complete with figures of the genitalia.\nThe material from which the descriptions have been made has been accumulated during many years of collecting. I am indebted to Mr. J. BELLE, Paramaribo, who was kind enough to place at my disposal, for description, some of the unknown females collected by himself.

Beschreibung: In Band V dieser Schriftenfolge, Seite 85\xe2\x80\x94103, habe ich im Rahmen der Gyriniden-Fauna von Gesamt-Guiana die Taumelk\xc3\xa4fer von Suriname erstmals im Zusammenhang behandelt. Dort finden sich auch die wichtigsten Literaturhinweise, weshalb auf deren Wiederholung in dieser Arbeit verzichtet wurde.\nInzwischen wurden mir durch Dr D. C. GEIJSKES die Gyriniden des von ihm verwalteten \xe2\x80\x9cStichting Surinaams Museum\xe2\x80\x9d in Paramaribo zu Bearbeitung anvertraut, welches Material weitere interessante Aufschl\xc3\xbcsse in Hinsicht auf die bereits bekannten Arten ergab und zur Entdeckung von 3 bisher unbekannten Species f\xc3\xbchrte. Hierdurch \xe2\x80\x94 und durch den Nachweis von G. pescheti, Nennform, bisher nur aus Franz. Guiana bekannt \xe2\x80\x94 erh\xc3\xb6ht sich die Anzahl der bis heute in Suriname festgestellten Formen auf 11.

Beschreibung: La collection de Collemboles rapport\xc3\xa9e de la Guyane Hollandaise par notre Coll\xc3\xa8gue Monsieur J. VAN DER DRIFT est relativement importante.\nToutefois elle ne comprend que 5 esp\xc3\xa8ces de Collemboles Symphypl\xc3\xa9ones qui seront \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9es ici. La pr\xc3\xa9sente \xc3\xa9tude permettra de constater \xc3\xa0 quel point cette faune est originale et combien il serait int\xc3\xa9ressant de mieux conna\xc3\xaetre la faune tropicale de l\xe2\x80\x99Am\xc3\xa9rique m\xc3\xa9ridionale.

Beschreibung: About the middle of the eighteenth century, the question whether the corals originally known only from collections of curiosities were animal, vegetable, or mineral was definitely decided in favour of the first of these categories (MARSILLI 1786).\nDuring the second half of the eighteenth and the entire following century, the former Lithophyta, as a subdivision of the Anthozoa, were an object of study for anatomists, taxonomists and, particularly in the nineteenth century, palaeontologists.

Beschreibung: Through the kindness of Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK the author was enabled to study a number of samples from localities in the tidal zone of several West Indian islands. Previously, by courtesy of Dr. T. MORTENSEN, abundant material from some deepwater samples collected off Santa Cruz, Virgin Islands, could be studied, the foraminifera dentata of which were described in 1956. The latter material mainly consisted of dredged samples from a depth of 500 fathoms (17.5\xc2\xb0N and 64\xc2\xb0W), and contained a typical deep-sea fauna. Comparison of MORTENSEN\xe2\x80\x99s and HUMMELINCK\xe2\x80\x99s samples shows marked differences; these may be of importance, as the deep-sea samples and the shallow-water samples are from the same Caribbean area.

Beschreibung: In the Lower Palaeozoic where true palynological microfossils become rare, much use can be made of other acid-resistant microfossils such as acritarchs and chitinozoans.\nThis study gives some of the results of an investigation on the presence of acritarchs and chitinozoans in three essentially Lower Palaeozoic formations of the Province of Le\xc3\xb3n in northwest Spain, viz. the Formigoso, the San Pedro, and the La Vid Formations. They range from Upper Llandoverian to the middle part of the Emsian. The techniques used to prepare the samples are discussed.\nThe vertical distribution of the most common acritarchs and chitinozoans in the region investigated are given, as well as the changes of frequency in the associations of some selected groups of acritarchs from a number of sections of the San Pedro and the La Vid Formations. Most formgroups show characteristic changes of frequency providing the possibility of detailed correlation within the formations. The most common forms of acritarchs and chitinozoans used for correlation purposes are described. A list of species may be found on pages 280 and 337. Most of these forms had not yet been recorded.

Beschreibung: SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF EL BIERZO (NW SPAIN) The purpose of this investigation was to study sedimentation in an intramontane basin in its relation to the relief of the surrounding mountain area.\nEl Bierzo, an intramontane basin in NE Spain, is partly filled by continental Tertiary sediments whose age is thought to be Vindobonian on the basis of comparison with those of the Duero basin. These deposits were analysed by sedimentological methods: determination of grain-size, grain roundness, pebble composition, mineralogy of the light and heavy fractions and of the clays (by x-ray).\nIn some places the Tertiairy deposits overlie deeply weathered Paleozoic rocks, considered to be the C-horizon of paleosols of Tertiary age from which the red and more clayey A and B zones have disappeared. The latter, together with unweathered rocks, are thought to be the source material of the Tertiary beds.\nFive different facies have been distinguished in the Miocene deposits. In the SW there are red-brown conglomerates with pebbles consisting partially of shale (Las M\xc3\xa9dulas facies). The main mass of the basin sediments are mostly silts and clayey silts with some gravels, the sandy fractions again consisting mainly of shale fragments (Santalla facies). These deposits are therefore thought to derive from the the same source as those of Las M\xc3\xa9dulas and to represent the finer fractions which were transported farther. Near the borders of the basin there are some local grey calcareous deposits containing breccias that are assumed to have been formed near faults (Vega de Espinareda facies). On top of the beds in the Santalla facies there are again local conglomerates of a more yellow colour (Fresnedo facies). The Astorga-facies, lastly, forms a transition to the deposits of the Duero basin in the E; it contains red conglomerates as well as sands and silts.\nAmong the clay minerals, illite usually predominates as in the source rocks, but in the stagnant waters of the basin centre montmorillonite was formed as well. Towards the E there is an increasing kaolinite content, and in one case a considerable amount of attapulgite was found. The heavy minerals are for the most part the common resistant species, with the addition of anatase (which occurs in lateritic soils) in the Astorga facies. These facts suggest that the Tertiary soil-forming processes were more intense (i.e. lateritic in type) in the eastern part than in the Bierzo basin proper.\nSedimentation started when some parts of the Miocene relief, covered by a thick soil, began to rise and were partly eroded, and others subsided so as to form an area of sedimentation. Remains of the Early Miocene topography are preserved in various places as surfaces with low relief on which remainders of Tertiary deposits and deep weathering are found. The most important of these is the Bra\xc3\xb1uelas surface, a plateau separating the Bierzo from the Duero basin. This plateau must once have been covered by Miocene sediments, which means that the deposits of both areas were connected and that drainage took place towards the E. After the tectonic movements that affected the Bierzo basin towards the end of the Miocene, the connection was severed and the drainage direction was reversed to the W.\nLater, probably during the Villafranchian, pediments on the lower slopes of the uplifted mountain masses were covered by thin angular gravels(ra\xc3\xb1a\xe2\x80\x99s) and fanglomerates, and the erosion surfaces were remodelled. During the remainder of the Quaternary, five terrace levels were formed in the easily erocable deposits of the Bierzo, and the partial evacuation of the basin deposits was accomplished.