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  • General Chemistry  (4,740)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,865)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (1,865)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1,794)
  • COMMUNICATIONS  (1,377)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION  (1,363)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1970-1974  (15,505)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Radio communications with extra-terrestrial civilizations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Communications between civilizations within our galaxy at the present level of radio engineering is possible, although civilizations must begin to search for each other to achieve this. If an extra-terrestrial civilization possessing a technology at our level wishes to make itself known and will transmit special radio signals to do this, then it can be picked up by us at a distance of several hundreds of light years using already existing radio telescopes and specially built radio receivers. If it wishes, this civilization can also send us information without awaiting our answer.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 79-82
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  • 2
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    Intermediate memory devices (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Several methods of transfer and processing of data whose practical implementation requires operational memory devices are described. Devices incorporating multistable elements are proposed and their main parameters are given. The possibility of using the proposed devices for storing information for transmission in space radio communications channels is examined.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 155-162
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  • 3
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    Method of calculating gas dynamics and heat transfer in single stage refrigeration units (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A generalized mathematical model of gas-dynamic and heat transfer processes in single-stage regenerative installations operating in Stirling, MacMahon, Gifford-MacMahon, and pulsating tube cycles is proposed. A numerical method os solving initial equations on a digital computer is given. This makes it possible to calculate the change in the thermodynamic parameters in the working cycle in different machine components, as well as the dependence of cold productivity on the temperature level in the steady regime.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 124-138
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  • 4
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    Electromagnetic processes in the atmosphere of pulsars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The work consists of two parts. The first deals with the fine structure of radio pulses. Based on kinetic theory, processes occurring in the plasma shell of a pulsar when external electromagnetic radiation is present are investigated. It is shown that electromagnetic waves cause electrons to drift relative to ions, and initiate longitudinal oscillations. A dispersion equation describing the longitudinal oscillations in magnetized plasma is derived. Conditions for excitation of oscillations are found. Correlation functions of electron density are calculated, along with the coefficients of electromagnetic wave scattering. It is shown that variations in the amplitude of pulsar pulses are associated with scintillations caused by fluctuations in the plasma electron density. The second part of the study presents a mechanism for the radio emission of pulsars. The model of a rotating and a pulsating star, a neutron star with dipolar or more complex magnetic field, is examined.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3, (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 44-53
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  • 5
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    The tropospheric calibration model for Mariner Mars 1971 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of the troposphere on arrival time, range, and range rate measurement of radio signals propagating from spacecraft are examined. A tropospheric calibration model which takes into account seasonal variations, various elevations, and apparent location changes was developed. A comparison was made of the effects before and after calibration. Without calibration, a 16-m change in the distance off the spin axis, is induced for a 10-deg minimum elevation symmetrical pass. Even after calibration with the old model, the error in spin axis is still greater than 1 m. Calibration results and estimated uncertainties of the model are given in tabular form. Test results also show that the model met the required accuracy for the Mariner Mars 1971 mission.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Tracking System Analytic Calibration Activities for the Mariner Mars 1971 Mission; p 61-76
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  • 6
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    Optical antenna gain. II - Receiving antennas (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions are developed for the gain of a centrally obscured, circular optical antenna used as the collecting and focusing optics in a laser receiver, involving losses due to (1) incoming light blockage by central obscuration, (2) energy spillover at the detector, and (3) the effect of local oscillator distribution in the case of heterodyne or homodyne detection. Numerical results are presented for direct detection and for three types of local oscillator distribution (uniform, Gaussian, and matched).
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 7
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    Optical antenna gain. I - Transmitting antennas (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The gain of centrally obscured optical transmitting antennas is analyzed in detail. The calculations, resulting in near- and far-field antenna gain patterns, assume a circular antenna illuminated by a laser operating in the TEM-00 mode. A simple polynomial equation is derived for matching the incident source distribution to a general antenna configuration for maximum on-axis gain. An interpretation of the resultant gain curves allows a number of auxiliary design curves to be drawn that display the losses in antenna gain due to pointing errors and the cone angle of the beam in the far field as a function of antenna aperture size and its central obscuration. The results are presented in a series of graphs that allow the rapid and accurate evaluation of the antenna gain which may then be substituted into the conventional range equation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 8
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    Nonequilibrium boundary layer at a stagnation point for a hydrogen-helium stream over ablating graphite (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The nonequilibrium axisymmetric stagnation point boundary layer over an ablating graphite surface is considered. The external stream is a high temperature mixture of hydrogen and helium. Variable thermodynamic and transport properties are assumed. Lennard-Jones potential model is used to calculate the transport coefficients of each species. Although the mixture rules for viscosity of the gas mixture are used, the weighting functions are more sophisticated than those commonly employed. For the conductivity of the mixture, generalized Wassiljewa coefficients are used. Seven species with 28 dissociation/recombination reactions are considered. Hansen's model for the dissociation rate constants is employed. The recombination rate constants are obtained by invoking detailed balance principles assisted by the JANAF thermodynamic data and the Hansen-Pearson thermodynamic data for C3.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Acta Astronautica; 1; Mar
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  • 9
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    Effect of wall temperature spatial variations on aerodynamic heating to an actively cooled aircraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of cooled skin panels, which requires consideration of many parameters such as heat load, skin thickness, panel size, tube spacing, tube size, temperature limits, coolant flow, etc., must minimize weight and thermal stresses. A design procedure for such panels has been developed by Bell Aerospace Company (Helenbrook and Anthony, 1971). This design procedure assumes a uniform heating rate to the panel, i.e., the variation of aerodynamic heating rate due to the cyclic wall temperature distribution, which results from the discrete coolant tube locations in such a panel, has been neglected. This study was made to determine if these variations were sufficiently large to cause variations in aerodynamic heating rate which would require coupling of boundary layer and conductive thermal analysis solutions.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Aug. 197
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  • 10
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    The subsequence weight distribution of summed maximum length digital sequences (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to develop mathematical formulas to provide the basis for the design of pseudorandom signals intended for applications requiring accurate knowledge of the statistics of the signals. The analysis approach involves calculating the first five central moments of the weight distribution of subsequences of hybrid-sum sequences. The hybrid-sum sequence is formed from the modulo-two sum of k maximum length sequences and is an extension of the sum sequences formed from two maximum length sequences that Gilson (1966) evaluated. The weight distribution of the subsequences serves as an approximation to the filtering process. The basic reason for the analysis of hybrid-sum sequences is to establish a large group of sequences with good statistical properties. It is shown that this can be accomplished much more efficiently using the hybrid-sum approach rather than forming the group strictly from maximum length sequences.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communications; COM-22; Aug. 197
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  • 11
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    Finite-amplitude thermal convection in a spherical shell (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The properties of finite-amplitude thermal convection for a Boussinesq fluid contained in a spherical shell are investigated. All nonlinear terms are retained in the equations, and both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric solutions are studied. The velocity is expanded in terms of poloidal and toroidal vectors. Spherical surface harmonics resolve the horizontal structure of the flow, but finite differences are used in the vertical. With a few modifications, the transform method developed by Orszag (1970) is used to calculate the nonlinear terms, while Green's function techniques are applied to the poloidal equation and diffusion terms.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 63; May 15
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  • 12
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    Computer simulation of the Pioneer 10 microwave occultation experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As Pioneer 10 approaches the planet Jupiter, its trajectory will carry it behind the planet, as seen from the earth. The microwave telemetry signal from the spacecraft will then pass through the Jovian atmosphere on its way to the earth, and analysis of the effects of the atmosphere on the signal should yield information on the atmospheric structure. To help define the capabilities of this experiment and to aid the analysis of the real data, we have simulated the occultation experiment on a computer by using model Jovian atmospheres and a predicted trajectory. The results indicate that the useful depth of penetration of the microwave signal will be governed by ammonia absorption rather than superrefractivity. The experiment is apparently far more sensitive to variations in cloud-top temperature than to variations in the hydrogen-helium ratio. Characteristic 'flashes' in the attenuation record of the signal may yield information on the location of the top of the Jovian convective zone.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; May 1
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  • 13
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    Mutual coupling in a finite planar array of circular apertures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations are presented for the calculation of the interelement mutual coupling in a finite-size planar array of waveguide-fed apertures in an infinite flat conductor. The general mutual admittance expression is evaluated for circular apertures, and the mutual coupling calculations are verified experimentally for two Te-(11) mode excited apertures. Qualitative agreement between calculations for a 183-element array and an infinite array establishes the validity of the finite-array theoretical model.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 14
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    Channel simulation for optical communication systems (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is reported for simulating the signal fading that will be experienced by typical optical communication systems. The desired irradiance or amplitude fading statistics can be simulated by incorporating a linearized optical modulator subsystem between the transmitter and receiver. This technique has been implemented in the design and construction of a laboratory channel simulator. The design of the processing electronics is discussed along with the results of tests performed for each mode of operation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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  • 15
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    On first cycle slip time of phase-locked loops in cascade (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Precise measurement and spacecraft tracking are obtained by using phase-locked loops in cascade in two-way communications links. Statistics on cycle slip time are of vital importance in system planning and design. This paper presents: (1) results of a computer simulation study of the mean time to first cycle slip of cascade phase-locked loops preceded by bandpass limiters, and (2) the determination of probability distributions of cycle slip. Numerical results are obtained for a typical coherent communication system.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; May 1974
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  • 16
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    On the propagation velocity of a detonation-shock combined wave (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A quasi-one-dimensional analysis and a generalized Chapman-Jouguet condition are developed for a gaseous free detonation in an inert environment. Two characteristic features derived from the results are that there exists a lower limit on the heat of combustion, the charge diameter, and the molecular weight of the ambient gas and that there are two propagation velocities for a parameter combination above a certain critical value. Therefore the detonation failure of a free gas column is a hydrodynamic rather than a chemical phenomenon.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik; 54; Mar. 197
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  • 17
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    Swept-slot film-cooling effectiveness in hypersonic turbulent flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurement results are presented for the surface equilibrium temperature downstream of swept slots, with sonic tangential air injection into a thick hypersonic turbulent boundary layer. These results are compared with unswept slot results for cooling effectiveness.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; May 1974
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  • 18
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    Mean flow development and surface heating for an attaching compressible free shear layer (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; May 1974
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  • 19
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    Bistatic scatter from rain (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An experimental investigation of bistatic scatter from rain was conducted, using a 143-km scatter path at frequencies of 4.5 and 7.7 GHz. The ratio of transmitted to received power (transmission loss) was measured for scattering angles ranging from 6 to 130 deg. Simultaneous weather radar observations were made at a frequency of 1.3 GHz. Transmission loss estimates for the bistatic scatter path were computed, using the weather radar data, the bistatic radar equation, and a model for the scattering cross section per unit volume of rain based upon Rayleigh scattering by an ensemble of water spheres. The measured and estimated transmission loss values were compared to test the use of the scattering model for the estimation of interference. The averaged ratio of measured-to-calculated transmission loss for the 4.5 GHz data is 1.2 plus or minus 0.4 dB. The averaged ratio for the 7.7 GHz data is -1.6 plus or minus 0.5 dB.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 20
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    Integrated laser/radar satellite ranging and tracking system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A laser satellite ranging system that is mounted upon and integrated with a microwave tracking radar is reported. The 1-pulse/sec ruby laser transmitter is attached directly to the radar's elevation axis and radiates through a new opening in the radar's parabolic dish. The laser photomultiplier tube receiver utilizes the radar's existing 20-cm diam f/11 boresight telescope and observes through a similar symmetrically located opening in the dish. The laser system possesses separate ranging system electronics but shares the radar's timing, computer, and data handling/recording systems. The basic concept of the laser/radar is outlined together with a listing of the numerous advantages over present singular laser range-finding systems. The developmental laser hardware is described along with preliminary range-finding results and expectations.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 21
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    Evolution of the heat transfer and flow in moderately short turbulent boundary layers in severe pressure gradients (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer; 17; Sept
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  • 22
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    Aerodynamic heat transfer to RSI tile surfaces and gap intersections (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the results of aerothermal heating tests of a simulated reusable surface insulation (RSI) tile array, performed on the sidewall of a Mach-10 hypersonic tunnel. In particular, the heating characteristics of the tile array, such as they result from heating inside the tile-expansion-space providing gaps between individual tiles, are investigated. The results include the finding that heating on the upstream face of a tile is strongly affected by the interacting longitudinal gap flow.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; June 197
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  • 23
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    Shortwave telemetric system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of frequency modulation when constructing a telemetric system in the shortwave band. The operating principles, the construction of the system and the decision making device are described and experimental data are presented. The equipment can be used on sounding balloons.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 59-65
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  • 24
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    Nonlinear unsteady contact heat conduction of two-layer shells in the presence of thermal radiation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is proposed for calculating the complex heat transfer of mated shells with the surrounding medium which also takes into account the temperature dependence of the contact thermal resistance between the shells. This technique can be used for thermal calculations and for calculations of the temperature stresses in two-layer space structure shells.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 169-177
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  • 25
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    Radiative cooling of bodies of arbitrary shape and variable volume in vacuum (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of joint application of the Tolubinskii integral method and the perturbation method, the asymptotic unsteady temperature distribution is constructed for a region of arbitrary shape on the moving boundary of which there are located nonlinear heat sinks (sources), describing radiative cooling in a medium with zero temperature (in a vacuum).
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 160-168
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  • 26
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    Heat transfer with nucleate boiling of liquids under weak mass force field conditions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The motion is examined of a vapor bubble growing and rising from a flat horizontal heater in the ideal fluid approximation and taking drag into account. Estimates are given of bubble lifetime, bubble radius at detachment, bubble detachment frequency, and time for the bubble to attain a constant rate of rise. The relations obtained for the microcharacteristics of the boiling process are used to determine the coefficients of heat transfer in developed nucleate boiling. A new form of the equations for describing heat transfer in nucleate boiling in dimensionless parameters is proposed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 131-159
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  • 27
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    Thermocapillary convection in weightless condition (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of studies on thermocapillary instability of a liquid in a spherical layer with free surface and convection in a rectangular channel with horizontal temperature gradient. It is shown that in vessels partly filled with a viscous incompressible fluid and under essentially weightless conditions free convection may arise due to the surface tension temperature dependence.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 121-130
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  • 28
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    Transient cooling of solid bodies of classical form by radiation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approximate analytic method is presented for analysis of the unsteady process of radiative cooling of solid bodies of classical form. The nonlinear heat transfer problem is solved by the cascade linearization technique with use of the iteration method. Comparison of the results obtained even in the first approximation with the available numerical solutions indicates adequate engineering accuracy of the proposed technique.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 113-120
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  • 29
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    Thermal regime and temperature stresses in bodies during thermoradiational heating (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach is developed to the application of the perturbation method for the solution of problems with essential external nonlinearities, based on identification in the boundary condition of a small nonlinear complex which is considered a perturbing function. The solutions obtained in the first approximation with error of 1 to 2% in calculating the unsteady temperature fields are then used to determine the temperature stresses and deformations in solid bodies of classical form.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 88-98
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  • 30
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    Diffraction theory techniques applied to aperture antennas on finite circular and square ground planes (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions which represent the elevation-plane patterns of a large TEM mode coax aperture and a TM-01 mode circular aperture on finite circular and square ground planes have been derived using geometrical theory of diffraction; design curves for the coax case are presented. The expressions for the field pattern were obtained by superposing the infinite ground plane solutions, the first-order diffracted field solutions, and the axial caustic solutions in their respective regions of validity. The pattern analyses for the coax and circular apertures are verified experimentally.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; May 1974
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  • 31
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    Diffused optical waveguides (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Diffused optical waveguides are studied using the modal and the ray tracing approach, with an emphasis on the case of a hollow waveguide with diffuse cladding. The properties of the guided modes are investigated in detail. The applications of these structures to optical circuits, integrated optics lasers and capillary gas lasers are discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: vol. 43; July 197
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  • 32
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    The Apollo Lunar Sounder radar system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The objectives of the Apollo 17 Lunar Sounder Experiment (ALSE) were to detect subsurface geologic structures, to generate a continuous lunar profile, and to image the moon at radar wavelengths. A three-wavelength synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) operating at 60, 20, and 2 m wavelengths was designed to attain these objectives. The design choices reflected a balance of scientific requirements versus Apollo mission and hardware constraints. The radar data from the lunar mission were recorded on photographic film in a conventional SAR format, and were returned to earth for processing. A combination of optical and digital processing and exploitation techniques was applied to the scientific interpretation of the data. Some preliminary results from the lunar mission have been obtained.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE; vol. 62
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  • 33
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    Mutual coupling in a finite planar array of circular apertures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations are presented for the calculation of the interelement mutual coupling in a finite size planar array of wave-guide-fed apertures in an infinite flat conductor. The general mutual admittance expression is evaluated for circular apertures and the mutual coupling calculations are verified experimentally for two TE11 mode excited apertures. Qualitative agreement between calculations for a 183 element array and an infinite array establishes the validity of the finite array theoretical model.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 34
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    Simulation study of communication link for Pioneer Saturn/Uranus atmospheric entry probe (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A digital simulation is presented for a candidate modem in a modeled atmospheric scintillation environment with Doppler, Doppler rate, and signal attenuation typical of the radio link conditions for an outer planets atmospheric entry probe. The results indicate that the signal acquisition characteristics and the channel error rate are acceptable for the system requirements of the radio link. The simulation also outputs data for calculating other error statistics and a quantized symbol stream from which error correction decoding can be analyzed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-114739
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  • 35
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    Full wave modulator-demodulator amplifier apparatus (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A full-wave modulator-demodulator apparatus is described including an operational amplifier having a first input terminal coupled to a circuit input terminal, and a second input terminal alternately coupled to the circuit input terminal. A circuit is ground by a switching circuit responsive to a phase reference signal and the operational amplifier is alternately switched between a non-inverting mode and an inverting mode. The switching circuit includes three field-effect transistors operatively associated to provide the desired switching function in response to an alternating reference signal of the same frequency as an AC input signal applied to the circuit input terminal.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 36
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    Heat transfer to surface and gaps of RSI tile arrays in turbulent flow at Mach 10.3 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Heat transfer to gap walls and surface of a simulated reusable surface insulation (RSI) tile array are presented. The data were obtained in the thick, turbulent tunnel wall boundary layer of the Langley Continuous Flow Hypersonic Tunnel at a freestream Mach number of 10.3 and a freestream unit Reynolds number of one million. Pertinent test variables were: (1) tile array orientation (staggered and in-line), (2) gap width, (3) flow angularity, and (4) tile mismatch.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71945
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  • 37
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    Bio-isolated dc operational amplifier (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A bio-isolated dc operational amplifier is described for use in making bioelectrical measurements of a patient while providing isolation of the patient from electrical shocks. The circuit contains a first operational amplifier coupled to the patient with its output coupled in a forward loop through a first optic coupler to a second operational amplifier. The output of the second operational amplifier is coupled to suitable monitoring circuitry via a feedback circuit including a second optic coupler to the input of the first operational amplifier.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 38
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    LC-oscillator with automatic stabilized amplitude via bias current control (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A stable excitation supply for measurement transducers is described. It consists of a single-transistor oscillator with a coil connected to the collector and a capacitor connected from the collector to the emitter. The output of the oscillator is rectified and the rectified signal acts as one input to a differential amplifier; the other input being a reference potential. The output of the amplifier is connected at a point between the emitter of the transistor and ground. When the rectified signal is greater than the reference signal, the differential amplifier produces a signal of polarity to reduce bias current and, consequently, amplification.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 39
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    Low cost ground receiving systems for television signals from high-powered communications satellites. Volume 2: Parts list and engineering drawings (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Parts lists for the 2.25 GHz indoor- and antenna-unit assemblies are followed by drawings that constitute the drafting package for three converter types and the tunnel diode amplifier.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-120933
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  • 40
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    Task 60 test report, evaluation of IRIG-A 21 channel constant bandwith FM multiplexer for shuttle development flight instrumentation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A frequency modulated (FM) multiplexer, consisting of 21 IRIG-A constant bandwidth (CBW) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO's) was tested to determine its suitability for use in multiplexing 21 data signals which have frequency ranges of dc to 2 kHz. Tests were preformed with the composite signal, consisting of the mixed outputs of the 21 VCO's connected directly to a set of subcarrier discriminators, with the signal recorded on magnetic tape and played back through the discriminators and with the signal transmitted by a frequency-modulated FM S-band radio frequency RF transmitter to a FM receiver and through the subcarrier discriminators. Tape speed flutter was induced to determine the reduction in flutter noise which can be obtained by the tape speed compensation equipment. The RF transmission test included transmitting the composite signal at a nominal RF received signal of -73 dbm and at RF levels of -83 and -86 dbm.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134304 , LEC-3558 , JSC-09017
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  • 41
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    Comparison of cooling effectiveness of turbine vanes with and without film cooling (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The cooling effectiveness of three film-cooled vanes were compared to the cooling effectiveness of two non-film-cooled vanes. The comparison indicated that, for the vane configurations and test conditions examined, film cooling had an adverse effect near the suction-surface trailing edge of the vanes. Film cooling was found to be beneficial on the pressure surface of the vanes.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3022 , E-7860
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  • 42
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    Aerodynamic heating and loading within large open cavities in cone and cone-cylinder-flare models at Mach 6.7 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The aerodynamic heating and loading distributions within large cavities exposed by surface openings to hypersonic flow were determined in the 8-foot high-temperature structures tunnel. Cone and cone-cylinder-flare models with cavities having regular and irregular surface-opening shapes were aerothermally tested at various angles of attack up to 30 deg. Tests were conducted at a Mach number of 6.7, a total temperature of 1800 K, a dynamic pressure of 80 kPa, and a stream unit Reynolds number of 6,000,000 per meter. The results showed that the heating rates at internal reattachment were generally lower but of the same order as the corresponding external heating rates; however, other internal heating rates were an order of magnitude lower. The internal flow showed characteristics of being funneled into jets or being dispersed dependent upon the internal surface contour.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7403 , L-9157
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  • 43
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    Light bulb heat exchanger for magnetohydrodynamic generator applications - Preliminary evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The light-bulb heat-exchanger concept is investigated as a possible means of using a combustion heat source to supply energy to an inert gas MHD power generator system. In this concept, combustion gases flow through a central passage which consists of a duct with transparent walls through which heat is transferred by radiation to a radiation receiver which in turn heats the inert gas by convection. The effects of combustion-gas emissivity, transparent-wall-transmissivity, radiation-receiver emissivity, and the use of fins in the inert gas coolant passage are studied. The results indicate that inert gas outlet temperatures of 2500 K are possible for combustion temperatures of 3200 K and that sufficient energy can be transferred from the combustion gas to reduce its temperature to approximately 2000 K. At this temperature more conventional heat exchangers can be used.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7534 , E-7593
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  • 44
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    An efficiency study on obtaining the minimum weight of a thermal protection system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three minimizing techniques are evaluated to determine the most efficient method for minimizing the weight of a thermal protection system and for reducing computer usage time. The methods used (numerical optimization and nonlinear least squares) for solving the minimum-weight problem involving more than one material and more than one constraint are discussed. In addition, the one material and one constraint problem is discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58126 , JSC-08678
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  • 45
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    A homogeneous heat pipe design code (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program was developed to facilitate parametric performance evaluation of heat pipes in lightweight heat rejection systems. A description of the code, user's manual, and sample inputs are provided. The emphasis is placed on the analysis and design of homogeneous wick heat pipes. The analysis of the annular heat pipe is included as part of the heat pipe radiator subroutine.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-136831 , JPL-TM-33-663
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  • 46
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    Demodulator for carrier transducers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A carrier type transducer is supplied with a carrier wave via an audio amplifier, a filter, a frequency divider, and an oscillator. The carrier is modulated in accordance with the parameter being measured by the transducer and is fed to the input of a digital data system which may include a voltmeter. The output of the oscillator and the output of each stage of the divider are fed to an AND or a NAND gate and suitable variable and fixed delay circuits to the command input of the digital data system. With this arrangement, the digital data system is commanded to sample at the proper time so that the average voltage of the modulated carrier is measured. It may be utilized with ancillary circuitry for control of the parameter
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 47
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    System for stabilizing cable phase delay utilizing a coaxial cable under pressure (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Stabilizing the phase delay of signals passing through a pressurizable coaxial cable is disclosed. Signals from an appropriate source at a selected frequency, e.g., 100 MHz, are sent through the controlled cable from a first cable end to a second cable end which, electrically, is open or heavily mismatched at 100 MHz, thereby reflecting 100 MHz signals back to the first cable end. Thereat, the phase difference between the reflected-back signals and the signals from the source is detected by a phase detector. The output of the latter is used to control the flow of gas to or from the cable, thereby controlling the cable pressure, which in turn affects the cable phase delay.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 48
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    Effects of pressure, oxygen concentration, and forced convection on flame spread rate of Plexiglas, Nylon and Teflon (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experiments were conducted in which the burning of cylindrical materials in a flowing oxidant stream was studied. Plexiglas, Nylon, and Teflon fuel specimens were oriented such that the flames spread along the surface in a direction opposed to flowing gas. Correlations of flame spread rate were obtained that were power law relations in terms of pressure, oxygen concentration, and gas velocity.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7555 , E-7611
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  • 49
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    Integrated source and channel encoded digital communications system design study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Studies on the digital communication system for the direct communication links from ground to space shuttle and the links involving the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Three main tasks were performed:(1) Channel encoding/decoding parameter optimization for forward and reverse TDRS links,(2)integration of command encoding/decoding and channel encoding/decoding; and (3) modulation coding interface study. The general communication environment is presented to provide the necessary background for the tasks and to provide an understanding of the implications of the results of the studies.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134183 , R7401-2
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  • 50
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    Film cooling in a combustor operating at fuel-rich exit conditions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data were taken with a film-cooled test plate placed in the exhaust stream of a rectangular combustor. Results showed that in a fuel-rich zone, fuel entrained into the film-cooling air would burn at the conditions tested. Test conditions were cooling-gas flow rates, 9.5 and 5 percent of total gas flow; cooling-gas velocities, 23 and 12 m/sec; ambient-temperature cooling gas; hot-gas velocity, nominally 215 m/sec; fuel-air ratio to stoichiometric fuel-air ratio values of 0.1, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.35, resulting in hot-gas temperatures from 590 to 2100 K; and atmospheric pressure. Analytical prediction of wall temperatures agreed reasonably well with experimental results.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7513 , E-7561
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  • 51
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    Effects of turbulence in a planetary atmosphere on radio occultation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A formulation is given for the correlation functions for the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of both spherical and plane waves propagating in a turbulent medium whose correlation function for refractive index fluctuations is described by the product of a function of the average coordinate and a function of the difference coordinate. The results are applied to radio occultation of a flyby space probe by the atmosphere of Venus, assuming that the turbulence in the atmosphere exists as a layer, that it is localized, isotropic, and smoothly varying, and that the localized turbulence is described by the Kolmogorov spectrum. Closed-form solutions for both variances and frequency spectra of the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations are obtained using Rytov's method, and it is seen that the shape of the frequency spectra depends greatly on the characteristics and extent of the turbulence.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; July 197
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  • 52
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    Liquefaction dynamics of n-octadecane in cylindrical coordinates (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The study presents one method of mathematically modeling the effects of gravity-induced free convection upon the melting phenomena of a finite paraffin slab. The theoretical model is based on the numerical computer solution of the solid phase and liquid phase energy equations, coupled with an imposed ideal-viscous flow approximation. An implicit alternating-direction technique is used as the finite-difference approximation for the basic energy equations in the numerical solution. The theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data from an annular test cell, in which n-octadecane, C18H38, was used as the test material. The results show that the model is a good first approximation to the solution of solid-liquid phase change involving gravity-induced free convection.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; May 1974
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  • 53
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    The interpretation of ionospheric radio drift measurements. VII - Diffraction methods applied to E-region echo fading: Evidence of a focusing model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 54
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    Properties of cutoff corrugated surfaces for corrugated horn design (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Corrugated horns involve a junction between the corrugated surface and a conducting ground plane. Proper horn design requires an understanding of the electromagnetic properties of the corrugated surface and this junction. An integral equation solution has been used to study the influence of corrugation density and tooth thickness on the power loss, surface current, and the scattering from a ground plane/corrugated surface junction.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 55
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    Unsteady temperature distribution in volume reflectors (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of unsteady temperature distributions in semitransparent scattering materials under the influence of arbitrary incident radiative flux with other than specified temperature boundary conditions is considered. Specifically, such a problem is considered for an approximate radiative transfer model which allows analytic solutions. The model represents the unsteady, one-dimensional, radiative heating of a weakly absorbing, semitransparent medium with specified conductive heat flux at one boundary. The radiation field is modeled using an approximation to the radiative heat flux obtained by solution of the Kubelka-Munk differential equations.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; May 1974
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  • 56
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    Application of an integral equation formulation to the prediction of space shuttle annular slot antenna radiation patterns (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Pitch and roll plane radiation patterns computed by use of an integral equation formulation are presented for a space shuttle annular slot communications antenna. The excellent agreement between computed patterns and experimental patterns obtained from 1/35 scale models supports the use of this method as a design tool for similar spacecraft/aircraft antenna applications.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Jan. 197
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  • 57
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    Abating exhaust noises in jet engines (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A noise abating improvement for jet engines including turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, ramjets, scramjets, and hybrid jets is introduced. A provision is made for an apparatus in the primary and/or secondary flow streams of the engines; the apparatus imparts to the exhaust gases a component rotation or swirl about the engine's longitudinal axis. The rotary component in the exhaust gases causes a substantial suppression of sound energy build up normally produced by an axial flow exhaust system.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
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  • 58
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    Capacitance multiplier and filter synthesizing network (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A circuit using a differential amplifier multiplies the capacitance of a discrete interating capacitor by (r sub 1 + R sub 2)/R sub 2, where R sub 1 and R sub 2 are values of discrete resistor coupling an input signal e sub 1 of the amplifier inputs. The output e sub 0 of the amplifier is fed back and added to the signal coupled by the resistor R sub 2 to the amplifier through a resistor of value R sub 1. A discrete resistor R sub x may be connected in series for a lag filter, and a discrete resistor may be connected in series with the capacitor for a lead-lag filter. Voltage dividing resistors R sub a and R sub b may be included in the feedback circuit of the amplifier output e sub o to independently adjust the circuit gain e sub i/e sub o.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 59
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    Design of a 12 channel fm microwave receiver (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, fabrication, and performance of elements of a low cost FM microwave satellite ground station receiver is described. It is capable of accepting 12 contiguous color television equivalent bandwidth channels in the 11.72 to 12.2 GHz band. Each channel is 40 MHz wide and incorporates a 4 MHz guard band. The modulation format is wideband FM and the channels are frequency division multiplexed. Twelve independent CATV compatible baseband outputs are provided. The overall system specifications are first discussed, then consideration is given to the receiver subsystems and the signal branching network.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140056 , R(T)-74/2
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  • 60
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    High temperature antenna development for space shuttle, volume 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An S-band antenna system and a group of off-the-shelf aircraft antenna were exposed to temperatures simulating shuttle orbital cold soak and entry heating. Radiation pattern and impedance measurements before and after exposure to the thermal environments were used to evaluate the electrical performance. The results of the electrical and thermal testing are given. Test data showed minor changes in electrical performance and established the capability of these antenna to withstand both the low temperatures of space flight and the high temperatures of entry.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140226 , MDC-E0896-VOL-2
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  • 61
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    Noise suppressor (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A tuned noise suppressor is described consisting of annular acoustically porous elements for incorporation into the inlet and exhaust ducts of turbofan engines. The apparatus uses sound wave absorption, reflection, and incompatibility for achieving high noise reduction in the short distance. In addition, it has a duct of uniform inner diameter which does not block the duct flow.
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  • 62
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    Development of electrical feedback controlled heat pipes and the advanced thermal control flight experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development and characteristics of electrical feedback controlled heat pipes (FCHP) are discussed. An analytical model was produced to describe the performance of the FCHP under steady state and transient conditions. An advanced thermal control flight experiment was designed to demonstrate the performance of the thermal control component in a space environment. The thermal control equipment was evaluated on the ATS-F satellite to provide performance data for the components and to act as a thermal control system which can be used to provide temperature stability of spacecraft components in future applications.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-114751 , DTM-74-2
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  • 63
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    Dual frequency dichroic feed performance (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The NASA Deep Space Net (DSN) in support of the Viking Mars Project in 1976, and for science and technology demonstrations during the Mariner-Venus-Mercury mission in 1974, has developed and implemented a dual (S- and X-band) feed for large ground microwave antennas. This feed provides for a multiplicity of functions; very low listening capability at each downlink (spacecraft-to-earth) band as well as simultaneous diplexed very high cw power uplink (earth-to-spacecraft) at the S-band frequency. Total 64-m antenna system performance, is considered in terms of gain, operating noise temperature and dual beam pointing or boresight coincidence. Because of the unique ability to fold or stow the dual band feed elements for single band operations, the performance definition between single and dual band operations will be reliable and accurate.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: AGARD Antennas for Avionics; 10 p
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  • 64
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    Effects of turbulence in the atmosphere of Venus on Pioneer Venus radio, phase 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two problems related to the effects of turbulence in the atmosphere of Venus on the Pioneer entry probe radio link were studied. In the first problem, the cross correlation between the log amplitude and phase fluctuations of the Pioneer Venus communications link is examined. Data show that for fluctuation frequencies above approximately 1 Hz there is little or no correlation. For frequencies below this region the correlation is weak and the square root of the coherence has a peak value close to 0.65. The second problem consists of interferring turbulence characteristics of the Venus atmosphere from the Mariner 5 phase fluctuations. Data show that with the data processing techniques developed and currently available, the phase error due to oscillator drift, assumed trajectory delay, and spline curve fit exceed the turbulence induced fluctuations. Results show that it is not possible to interfere with the turbulence characteristics from Mariner 5 phase fluctuations.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139657 , JPL-TM-33-702
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    The potential for congressional use of emergent telecommunications: An exploratory assessment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of the use of newly emerging communications technology for improving the understanding between members of Congress and their constituents was conducted. The study employed a number of specific methodologies such as interdisciplinary systems model building, technology analysis, a sample survey, and semi-structured interviews using sketches of the emergent channels. The following configurations were identified as representative of emergent channel characteristics: (1) the teleconference, (2) the videoconference, (3) the videophone, (4) cable television, (5) cable television polling, and (6) information retrieval. Analysis of the interview data resulted in an overview of the current congressional-constituent communication system and an assessment of the potential for emergent telecommunications, as perceived by congressmen and senior staff from 40 offices in the stratified judgement sample.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139669 , GWPS-MON-20
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  • 66
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    Viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of gaseous and liquid oxygen (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Equations and tables are presented for the viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of gaseous and liquid oxygen at temperatures between 80 K and 400 K for pressures up to 200 atm. and at temperatures between 80 K and 2000 K for the dilute gas. A description of the anomalous behavior of the thermal conductivity in the critical region is included. The tabulated coefficients are reliable to within about 15% except for a region in the immediate vicinity of the critical point. Some possibilities for future improvements of this reliability are discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-2440
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    Analysis of combustion instability in liquid propellant engines with or without acoustic cavities (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytical studies have been made of the relative combustion stability of various propellant combinations when used with hardware configurations representative of current design practices and with or without acoustic cavities. Two combustion instability models, a Priem-type model and a modification of the Northern Research and Engineering (NREC) instability model, were used to predict the variation in engine stability with changes in operating conditions, hardware characteristics or propellant combination, exclusive of acoustic cavity effects. The NREC model was developed for turbojet engines but is applicable to liquid propellant engines. A steady-state combustion model was used to predict the needed input for the instability models. In addition, preliminary development was completed on a new model to predict the influence of an acoustic cavity with specific allowance for the effects the nozzle, steady flow and combustion.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-134387 , R-9353
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    Variably positioned guide vanes for aerodynamic choking (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A choking device to cause a sonic barrier to be formed which reduces the transmission of noise in a direction opposed to the direction of air flow in a compressor that may be part of an aircraft gas turbine engine is described. The noise reduction is accomplished by proper shaping and movement of inlet guide vanes, and an actuator is connected to selected guide vanes to effect movement by programmed amounts as required to choke or partially choke within the design range of the axial-flow-air compressor.
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    Analysis of the proposed utilization of TDRS system by the HEAO-C satellite (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The primary function of the study was to assess the impact upon the HEAO telecommunications system of the proposed relay satellite-to-ground-link configuration. The system is designed to perform the function of most of the NASA ground tracking and communications network at a net cost savings for NASA.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139393
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    An application of queueing theory to the design of channel requirements for special purpose communications satellites (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Special purpose satellites are very cost sensitive to the number of broadcast channels, usually will have Poisson arrivals, fairly low utilization (less than 35%), and a very high availability requirement. To solve the problem of determining the effects of limiting C the number of channels, the Poisson arrival, infinite server queueing model will be modified to describe the many server case. The model is predicated on the reproductive property of the Poisson distribution.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71590
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    Studies of heat source driven natural convection (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Natural convection energy transport in a horizontal layer of internally heated fluid with a zero heat flux lower boundary, and an isothermal upper boundary, has been studied. Quantitative information on the time-mean temperature distribution and the fluctuating component of temperature about the mean temperature in steady turbulent convection are obtained from a small thermocouple inserted into the layer through the upper bounding plate. Data are also presented on the development of temperature at several vertical positions when the layer is subject to both a sudden increase and to a sudden decrease in power input. For changes of power input from zero to a value corresponding to a Rayleigh number much greater than the critical linear stability theory value, a slight hysteresis in temperature profiles near the upper boundary is observed between the heat-up and cool-down modes.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70232 , TR-3746-1
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  • 72
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    Digital servo controller (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A system, for generating a signal to control the rotation of a shaft supporting an antenna so that the antenna is rotated the shortest angular distance from a present angular position to a new desired angular position, was described. The system comprises a shaft encoder which generates a digital encoder signal indicating the present position of the shaft. A command signal is compared with the encoder signal to produce an analog signal for rotating the antenna. An error signal is produced for controlling the direction of rotation of the antenna.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 73
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    Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), users' guide (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The system concept and characteristics are described along with support and orbital coverage capabilities. Information on user acquisition procedures is given. System impact on single and multiple access users is discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70710 , X-805-74-176
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  • 74
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    An integral equation formulation for predicting radiation patterns of a space shuttle annular slot antenna (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An integral equation formulation is applied to predict pitch- and roll-plane radiation patterns of a thin VHF/UHF (very high frequency/ultra high frequency) annular slot communications antenna operating at several locations in the nose region of the space shuttle orbiter. Digital computer programs used to compute radiation patterns are given and the use of the programs is illustrated. Experimental verification of computed patterns is given from measurements made on 1/35-scale models of the orbiter.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7594 , L-9279
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  • 75
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    Channel coding and data compression system considerations for efficient communication of planetary imaging data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: End-to-end system considerations involving channel coding and data compression which could drastically improve the efficiency in communicating pictorial information from future planetary spacecraft are presented.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139362 , JPL-TM-33-695
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  • 76
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    Radiative property investigation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A detailed formulation of radiative heat transfer problems involving the use of bidirectional reflectance is discussed. Except for very simple systems this formulation is very intricate. For this reason and the fact that bidirectional data are scarce, such a formulation is not in common use. However, with the development of the digital computer there have been numerical methods developed for detailed radiative investigations using the bidirectional reflectance. Since computations using bidirectional reflectance are coming into use for spacecraft radiative studies, it is necessary to have reflectance data on the materials involved. Materials that are frequently studied are coatings which are used in controlling the thermal environment of spacecrafts. This study is primarily concerned with the bidirectional reflectance of zinc oxide which is one constituent commonly used for coatings.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-138459
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  • 77
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    Thermodynamic analysis of an axial-flow laser-powered thruster (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A one-dimensional model of a laser-powered thruster is analyzed. The model consists of two flow regions: a laser-heated region and a coaxial region outside the laser region. Different bulk velocities and temperatures are assigned for each region, and a common pressure is assigned for both regions. The one-dimensional inviscid flow equations are solved for each region with the same initial conditions. The results indicate that in order to prevent choked flow while increasing the anthalpy of the inlet gas by a factor of 10, the initial Mach number must be less than 0.14. For hydrogen gas seeded with 10 percent tungsten and entering the thruster tube at 10 atm and 300 K and a laser beam one-half the area of the tube, a tube length between 20 and 50 cm is required to vaporize the particles.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3077 , E-7891
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  • 78
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    Differential phase shift keyed signal resolver (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A differential phase shift keyed signal resolver resolves the differential phase shift in the incoming signal to determine the data content thereof overcoming phase uncertainty without requiring a transmitted reference signal.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 79
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    Engineering information on an Analog Signal to Discrete Time Interval Converter (ASDT-IC) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An electronic control system for nondissipative dc power converters is presented which improves (1) the routinely attainable static output voltage accuracy to the order of + or - 1% for ambient temperatures from -55 to 100 C and (2) the dynamic stability by utilizing approximately one tenth of the feedback gain needed otherwise. Performance is due to a functional philosophy of deterministic pulse modulation based on pulse area control and to an autocompensated signal processing principle. The system can be implemented with commercially available unselected components.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134544
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  • 80
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    Flush-mounted dielectric-loaded axial slot on circular cylinder (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The theory, computer program, and numerical results of an investigation of an axial slot antenna on a circular cylinder are discussed. The cylinder is partially coated with a dielectric layer and the antenna radiates through a flush mounted window. The study was conducted to determine the effects of a high temperature dielectric layer on the performance of antennas mounted on a space shuttle. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters. Curves are developed to compare the theoretical and actual far field radiation patterns.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-138752 , ESL-2902-17
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  • 81
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    Electric field measuring and display system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An apparatus is described for monitoring the electric fields of cloud formations within a particular area. It utilizes capacitor plates that are alternately shielded from the clouds for generating an alternating signal corresponding to the intensity of the electric field of the clouds. A synchronizing signal is produced for controlling sampling of the alternating signal. Such samplings are fed through a filter and converted by an analogue to digital converter into digital form and subsequently fed to a transmitter for transmission to the control station for recording.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 82
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    Mode conversion in periodically disturbed thin-film waveguides (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mode conversion in a periodically perturbed thin-film optical waveguide is studied in detail. Three different types of perturbations are considered: periodic index of refraction of the film, periodic index of refraction of the substrate, and periodic boundary. The applications in filters, mode converters, and distributed feedback lasers are discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; Aug. 197
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    Optimum frame synchronization for biorthogonally coded data (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Many recent American unmanned planetary probes have used biorthogonally coded spacecraft-to-earth telemetry links. An examination of the frame-synchronization (sync) techniques employed on these missions revealed that they were not specifically designed for coded data. This led to a consideration of the optimum frame-sync problem for biorthogonally coded data received over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and decoded prior to sync acquisition. A frame-sync algorithm for biorthogonally coded data based on a super-symbol distance rule is proposed, along with a corresponding selection criterion for the sync sequence. It is argued heuristically that this approach is optimum with regard to minimizing the probability of false synchronization.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communications; COM-22; Aug. 197
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    Ionospheric irregularities causing scintillation of GHz frequency radio signals (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Consideration of the recently observed phenomenon of scintillation of satellite signals at GHz frequency range. Based on the scintillation data and results from in situ measurements, several ionospheric irregularity models with different power spectra are studied. Scintillation index is computed for the various models and compared with observed results. Both magnitude and frequency dependence of the scintillation index are investigated. It is found that a thick irregularity slab of the order of 200 km with an electron density fluctuation of about 20 per cent of its background value and with a nonmonotonic power spectrum may account for the maximum observed values of the scintillation index as well as its frequency dependence. Some future observations and measurements are suggested.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 85
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    Effect of primary-zone equivalence ratio and hydrogen addition on exhaust emission in a hydrocarbon-fueled combustor (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of reducing the primary-zone equivalence ratio on the exhaust emission levels of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons in experimental hydrocarbon-fueled combustor segments at simulated supersonic cruise and idle conditions were investigated. In addition, the effects of the injection of hydrogen fuel (up to 4 percent of the total weight of fuel) on the stability of the hydrocarbon flame and exhaust emissions were studied and compared with results obtained without hydrogen addition.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3117 , E-8011
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  • 86
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    A cascade investigation of a convection- and film-cooled turbine vane made from radially stacked laminates (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Heat-transfer was investigated on an air-cooled turbine vane made from photoetched laminates that were joined by diffusion bonding. Data from the investigation were compared with data of an impingement-, convection-, and film-cooled vane and a full-coverage film-cooled vane, and data of a transpiration-cooled vane.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3122 , E-8002
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  • 87
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    Development of a second order closure model for computation of turbulent diffusion flames (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A typical eddy box model for the second-order closure of turbulent, multispecies, reacting flows developed. The model structure was quite general and was valid for an arbitrary number of species. For the case of a reaction involving three species, the nine model parameters were determined from equations for nine independent first- and second-order correlations. The model enabled calculation of any higher-order correlation involving mass fractions, temperatures, and reaction rates in terms of first- and second-order correlations. Model predictions for the reaction rate were in very good agreement with exact solutions of the reaction rate equations for a number of assumed flow distributions.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-132524 , ARAP-222
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  • 88
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    Integrated P-channel MOS gyrator (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A gyrator circuit is described which is of the conventional configuration of two amplifiers in a circular loop, one producing zero phase shift and the other producing 180 phase reversal, in a circuit having medium Q composed of all field effect transistors of the same conductivity type. The current source to each gyrator amplifier comprises an amplifier which responds to changes in current, with the amplified signals feed back so as to limit current. The feedback amplifier has a large capacitor connected to bypass high frequency components, thereby stabilizing the output. The design makes possible fabrication of circuits with transistors of only one conductivity type, providing economies in manufacture and use.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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    Lunar module voice recorder (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A feasibility unit suitable for use as a voice recorder on the space shuttle was developed. A modification, development, and test program is described. A LM-DSEA recorder was modified to achieve the following goals: (1) redesign case to allow in-flight cartridge change; (2) time code change from LM code to IRIG-B 100 pps code; (3) delete cold plate requirements (also requires deletion of long-term thermal vacuum operation at 0.00001 MMHg); (4) implement track sequence reset during cartridge change; (5) reduce record time per cartridge because of unavailability of LM thin-base tape; and (6) add an internal Vox key circuit to turn on/off transport and electronics with voice data input signal. The recorder was tested at both the LM and shuttle vibration levels. The modified recorder achieved the same level of flutter during vibration as the DSEA recorder prior to modification. Several improvements were made over the specification requirements. The high manufacturing cost is discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140305
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  • 90
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    Computer Program for Thin Wire Antenna over a Perfectly Conducting Ground Plane (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program is presented for a thin-wire antenna over a perfect ground plane. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain, and the exterior medium is free space. The antenna may have finite conductivity and lumped loads. The output data includes the current distribution, impedance, radiation efficiency, and gain. The program uses sinusoidal bases and Galerkin's method.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140622 , Technical Report 2902-19
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  • 91
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    Channel coding and data compression system considerations for efficient communication of planetary imaging data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: End-to-end system considerations involving channel coding and data compression are reported which could drastically improve the efficiency in communicating pictorial information from future planetary spacecraft. In addition to presenting new and potentially significant system considerations, this report attempts to fill a need for a comprehensive tutorial which makes much of this very subject accessible to readers whose disciplines lie outside of communication theory.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140181 , JPL-TM-33-695-REV-1
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  • 92
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    Lateral conduction effects on heat-transfer data obtained with the phase-change paint technique (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computerized tool, CAPE, (Conduction Analysis Program using Eigenvalues) has been developed to account for lateral heat conduction in wind tunnel models in the data reduction of the phase-change paint technique. The tool also accounts for the effects of finite thickness (thin wings) and surface curvature. A special reduction procedure using just one time of melt is also possible on leading edges. A novel iterative numerical scheme was used, with discretized spatial coordinates but analytic integration in time, to solve the inverse conduction problem involved in the data reduction. A yes-no chart is provided which tells the test engineer when various corrections are large enough so that CAPE should be used. The accuracy of the phase-change paint technique in the presence of finite thickness and lateral conduction is also investigated.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-2435
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  • 93
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    Curve fits of predicted inviscid stagnation-point radiative heating rates, cooling factors, and shock standoff distances for hyperbolic earth entry (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Curve-fit formulas are presented for the stagnation-point radiative heating rate, cooling factor, and shock standoff distance for inviscid flow over blunt bodies at conditions corresponding to high-speed earth entry. The data which were curve fitted were calculated by using a technique which utilizes a one-strip integral method and a detailed nongray radiation model to generate a radiatively coupled flow-field solution for air in chemical and local thermodynamic equilibrium. The range of free-stream parameters considered were altitudes from about 55 to 70 km and velocities from about 11 to 16 km.sec. Spherical bodies with nose radii from 30 to 450 cm and elliptical bodies with major-to-minor axis ratios of 2, 4, and 6 were treated. Powerlaw formulas are proposed and a least-squares logarithmic fit is used to evaluate the constants. It is shown that the data can be described in this manner with an average deviation of about 3 percent (or less) and a maximum deviation of about 10 percent (or less). The curve-fit formulas provide an effective and economic means for making preliminary design studies for situations involving high-speed earth entry.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7622 , L-9315
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    The effect of temperature induced surface tension gradients on bubble mechanics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experiments were conducted to examine in detail the influence of surface tension gradient induced flow, the Marangoni effect. One set of studies provided visual results that demonstrated the occurrence and magnitude of the Marangoni effect. Another portion of the work was directed to bubble force measurements. These studies used in deflection of a very fine cantilevered wire with an attached bubble as a means of measuring force with and without temperature gradients. The experimental force data were found to check existing theoretical predictions reasonably well except for the case where the test fluid had a sizeable vapor pressure. In this situation the thermophoretic force on the bubble was much higher than predicted.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Applied Sctientific Research; 29; June 197
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  • 95
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    Optimal filter design subject to output sidelobe constraints - Theoretical considerations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design of filters for detection and estimation in radar and communications systems is considered, with inequality constraints on the maximum output sidelobe levels. A constrained optimization problem in Hilbert space is formulated, incorporating the sidelobe constraints via a partial ordering of continuous functions. Generalized versions (in Hilbert space) of the Kuhn-Tucker and duality theorems allow the reduction of this problem to an unconstrained one in the dual space of regular Borel measures.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications; 14; Aug. 197
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  • 96
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    Time-resolved spectra of bulk titanium combustion (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Some preliminary spectroscopic results of an investigation of the radiation from bulk specimens of burning titanium are presented. The use of larger stationary specimens is shown to have considerably eased some of the experimental difficulties associated with metal combustion research and to approximate more closely the conditions prevailing in large-scale accidental metal fires.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Combustion and Flame; 23; Aug. 197
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  • 97
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    A novel method for measuring the polarization angle of satellite radio waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: One of the most important parameters for the study of the physics of the ionosphere is the columnar electron content. This can be obtained indirectly by measuring the Faraday rotation of signals emitted from satellites. Many different types of polarimeters have been developed for this purpose. Efforts to develop a new type of polarimeter, suitable for extensive network operation, led to a novel technique for measuring the polarization angle.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; July 197
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  • 98
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    Stability of partially lined combustors with distributed combustion (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An integral method for theoretical evaluation of the stability of confined flows with mass sources is presented. This method is applied to evaluate the effect of partial length acoustic liners on liquid propellant combustors with distributed combustion sources. The combustor is modeled as a right circular cylinder terminated by a multiorifice (constant Mach number) nozzle. The spatial spread of combustion in the chamber is represented by an arbitrary number of pressure sensitive planar mass sources. On the cylindrical periphery of the chamber is an acoustic absorber of arbitrary length, position, and damping capability. Integral equations are developed from the partial differential equations describing the nonsteady flow and are solved iteratively. Results are given in terms of linear neutral stability plots using a pressure sensitive combustion response. Calculations indicate that increasing the axial spread of combustion increases the stability of the combustor and the effectiveness of the absorber. The most effective linear placement appears at the location of greatest combustion concentration.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 99
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    Computer algorithm for coding gain (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Development of a computer algorithm for coding gain for use in an automated communications link design system. Using an empirical formula which defines coding gain as used in space communications engineering, an algorithm is constructed on the basis of available performance data for nonsystematic convolutional encoding with soft-decision (eight-level) Viterbi decoding.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; Mar. 197
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  • 100
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    Thermodynamic properties derived from the free volume model of liquids (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An equation of state and expressions for the isothermal compressibility, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity, and entropy of liquids have been derived from the free volume model partition function suggested by Turnbull. The simple definition of the free volume is used, and it is assumed that the specific volume is directly related to the cube of the intermolecular separation by a proportionality factor which is found to be a function of temperature and pressure as well as specific volume. When values of the proportionality factor are calculated from experimental data for real liquids, it is found to be approximately constant over ranges of temperature and pressure which correspond to the dense liquid phase. This result provides a single-parameter method for calculating dense liquid thermodynamic properties and is consistent with the fact that the free volume model is designed to describe liquids near the solidification point.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Metallurgical Transactions; 5; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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