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  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (1,374)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • 1970-1974  (1,540)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Short-range repulsive forces between atoms and molecules of atmospheric gases (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Experimental determination of the paired interaction potential of atoms and molecules composing the atmospheres of the earth and the planets is described.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 275-281
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  • 2
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    An investigation of the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the moon on the Luna 10, 11, and 12 artificial lunar satellites (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research on the primary cosmic radiation and solar cosmic rays from the Luna 10, 11, and 12 artificial lunar satellites is reviewed. Data on the vertical distribution of cosmic rays above the moon's surface are presented, and the albedo for the primary radiation is determined. The fluxes of electrons with energies from 30 to 300 keV were registered in the solar cosmic rays. Rapid variations of the electron flux were observed. The angular distributions of 0.5-10 MeV protons moving together with the corpuscular streams responsible for Forbush decreases were investigated.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 151-173
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  • 3
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    Structural formations in the interplanetary medium (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research on the fine structure of the interplanetary medium is reviewed. The characteristics of shock waves, filaments, and contact surfaces according to space probe measurements are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 103-123
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  • 4
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    High-frequency turbulence in the cosmic plasma (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The problem of quasistationary high frequency Langmuir turbulence, which is one of the types of turbulence encountered in the cosmic plasma, is examined theoretically.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 83-102
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  • 5
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    Dissipation of energy in model experiments (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Interaction studies of a plasma stream with a magnetic dipole have shown that the thickness of the plasma/field interlayer is considerably greater than the characteristic plasma dimension c/omega sub 0. Broadening of the layer is due to the formation of a collisionless shock wave. To demonstrate collisionless dissipation, the Joulean losses were calculated using the conductivity value obtained from the skin layer thickness. Analysis of the various physical processes showed that the hypothesis of collisionless dissipation of the directional plasma flow is justified.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 59-67
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  • 6
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    Certain problems in the physics of the magnetosphere (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A review of experimental and theoretical studies devoted to analysis of physical processes in the magnetosphere is presented. Attention is focused on the interrelationships among the most important geophysical phenomena in the magnetosphere: magnetic storms, auroras, the radiation belts, and processes in the geomagnetic tail. Recommendations are submitted for future experiments that are needed for development of a theory of magnetospheric phenomena.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 1-33
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  • 7
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    Lunar microcosmos (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A human habitat on the lunar surface requires energy recycling metabolites based on the utilization of vegetative plants that are good photosynthesizers. Selection criteria involve reactions to fertilization by human excrements, suitability as food for man (with or without fractionation), physiological effects of prolonged ingestion of these plants, and technical methods for returning inedible portions back into the cycle.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 53-61
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  • 8
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    Data on the acoustic comfort of passengers in railroad cars and soundproofing recommendations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Acoustic passenger comfort in railroad cars is represented by the following values: Total noise level in db, octave sound spectrum in db, and indices of intelligibility. The noise level perceived inside the car results from two components: one due to the penetration of air noise, and another due to the transmission of vibrations through solids. Measurement results show the necessity of improving bogie and bogie-body connections, intensification of soundproofing of the floor, adaption of windows with double panes, etc.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 218-223
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  • 9
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    Some aspects of sound discomfort caused by streetcar traffic (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Streetcar noise was investigated on different lines and inside different types by sonometer measurements. The results showed variations of the total noise intensity between 88-97 db. In some squares with heavy traffic the total noise intensity reached 106 db. Noise intensity measurements inside different types of streetcars brought to light high values between 101-106 db, while in the case of the new silent type of streetcar the values were 86-87 db. The importance of the sound discomfort produced by streetcar traffic is emphasized, inasmuch as the noise intensity exceeds by far the values recommended by communal hygiene.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 212-217
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  • 10
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    Level, peculiarities and effects of coal mine noise on pit workers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: There exists a correlation between noise intensity and spectrum and degree of hearing impairment in the different professional categories in the pit. Most affected are dross miners and drillers. In these, the first degree of hypoacusia sets in within the first five years of exposure. Deafness begins at a frequency of 4,000 Hz, but often enough (20%) at 2,000 Hz as well, progressively evolving through the classical stages if exposure to noise continues. In the coal bearing basins investigated, the noise level is, on the whole, 31.2%, but the conventional zone is not involved by more than 6.3%. Technological and medical measures are proposed for the purpose of avoiding these troubles in the future.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 170-176
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  • 11
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    Neutron stars with main sequence binary companions as low luminosity X-ray sources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 1, De; Dec. 197
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  • 12
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    The interaction of interstellar gas with stellar density wave packets (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: We have numerically studied the interaction between interstellar gas and a gravitational perturbation produced by a fluctuation in the stellar mass distribution. For a simple equation of state, shock waves develop even if the gravitational perturbation is aperiodic and transient. In a medium which can change thermal phase, shocks do not form and the gas makes a transition directly to the cold, dense phase. The cold material has an anomalous velocity imparted to it by the gravitational perturbation and it becomes an accretion front moving through the hot gas and capturing it. The accretion fronts trigger thermal phase change on a large scale and can reproduce the extent of observed cold clouds. Furthermore their high mass is favorable to gravitational instability and subsequent star formation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 2, No; Nov. 197
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  • 13
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    The Apsidal-motion test for models of main-sequence stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Apsidal-motion constants, k2, have been determined for models of homogeneous main-sequence stars constructed with the new 'Thomas-Fermi' opacities of Carson. These models are similar to those constructed with the 'hydrogenic' opacities of Cox and Stewart up to about 7 solar masses, but yield smaller values of k2 at higher masses. Nevertheless, the new theoretical constants are still systematically too large compared with most of the empirical constants known for members of well-observed binary systems. Uniform rotation is found to lower the theoretical constants only slightly. The effect of normal evolution during core hydrogen burning, however, produces good detailed agreement with observations. The primary of alpha Vir is probably evolving normally if Carson's opacities are adopted.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 14
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    Main sequence models for massive zero-metal stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Zero-age main-sequence models for stars of 20, 10, 5, and 2 solar masses with no heavy elements are constructed for three different possible primordial helium abundances: Y=0.00, Y=0.23, and Y=0.30. The latter two values of Y bracket the range of primordial helium abundances cited by Wagoner. With the exceptions of the two 20 solar mass models that contain helium, these models are found to be self-consistent in the sense that the formation of carbon through the triple-alpha process during premain sequence contraction is not sufficient to bring the CN cycle into competition with the proton-proton chain on the ZAMS. The zero-metal models of the present study have higher surface and central temperatures, higher central densities, smaller radii, and smaller convective cores than do the population I models with the same masses.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 15
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    Interplanetary sector structure - 1970-1972 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determinations of interplanetary sector structure for the years 1970-1972 reveal the persistence of sector patterns during the decreasing portion of the solar cycle. The simple two-sector pattern of 1969 persists through 1970 but develops greater complexity in 1971-1972.-
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Dec. 1
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  • 16
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    Distinctive patterns on the surface of slowly rotating stars whose oscillations are nonlinearly coupled (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Slowly rotating stars which are oscillating at small amplitude in a broad spectrum of g-modes should display strong surface nonuniformities if even weak nonlinear coupling exists between the modes. Oscillatory power will be concentrated into distinctive patterns which rotate rigidly in spite of differential rotation in the outer stellar layers. Each pattern rotates at a constant rate slower than the star as a whole according to a very simple law of rotation. Virtually all the rotation rates are within 9 per cent of the stellar rate. Evidence is cited that the sun may be oscillating, so other stars along the main sequence may be oscillating, also. If zones obeying the predicted rotation law can be detected in a star, then the rotation rate of the stellar interior becomes known, and differential rotation is negligible over most of the stellar mass.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 17
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    The ethynyl radical C2H - A new interstellar molecule (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Four new interstellar lines have been detected near 87.3 GHz. Based on laboratory ESR data these lines have been positively defined as hyperfine components of the lowest rotational transition of the ethynyl radical C2H. The observations gave precise values for the C2H rotation, spin-doubling, and hyperfine constants. C2H is probably one of the most abundant interstellar polyatomic molecules yet detected.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 18
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    Influence of opacity on the pulsational stability of massive stars with uniform chemical composition. II - Modified Kramers opacity (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The pulsational stability of massive, chemically homogeneous stars of Population I has been investigated for a range of simple opacity representations consisting of a straight sum of electron-scattering and modified Kramers opacity. The critical mass for stability against nuclear-energized pulsations is found to be extraordinarily sensitive to small changes in the coefficient and/or temperature exponent of the absorption part of the opacity law. A gradual increase in the atomic absorption (dominant near the stellar surface) first raises the critical mass, then restricts the upper mass limit for instability, and finally eliminates pulsational instability at all masses.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 19
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    Equation of state at ultrahigh densities. I (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Particular attention is given to the physics involved in the derivation of an equation of state for a density range from 10 g/ccm to 200,000 billion g/ccm and for the density region from 200,000 billion g/ccm to 2,000,000 billion g/ccm. Conditions in a high density regime with densities exceeding 500,000 billion g/ccm are examined. Equations of state for a gas of pure neutrons and for a gas of nucleons, electrons, and hyperons are considered.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 20
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    Cometary coma ions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For comets whose nuclei are composed of water ice conglomerates it is shown that the ion H3O(+) can predominate to distances of 5000 km in the subsolar direction. Beyond this distance H2O(+) is the most important ion. The crossover point is a sensitive function of the rate of evaporation from the nucleus. The presence of ammonia or metals such as sodium, in concentrations greater than 0.1% H2O, can lead to NH4(+) and Na(+) ions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 21
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    An empirical line-blanketing study of Am stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Metallic line-blanketing coefficients have been measured over the wavelength range from 3800 to 4700 A in a sample of 20 Am and normal A stars. An expression for the logarithmic iron abundance has been calibrated in terms of effective temperature and a mean line-blocking coefficient. This makes it possible to determine the atmospheric iron abundance in sharp-lined Am and A stars with an accuracy of better than plus or minus 0.1 dex, using only line-blocking measurements and a photometric effective temperature.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 22
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    Li production in alpha-alpha reactions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The cross section for Li-7 production in alpha-alpha reactions is shown to be increased by about a factor of 2 due to the excitation levels of Li-7 and Be-7 at 478 keV and 431 keV, respectively. The cross section for Li-6 production, however, remains the same as calculated on the basis of the detailed balance principle. The lines at 478 keV and 431 keV may link Li-7 production to feasible gamma-ray observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 34; 3, Se; Sept
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  • 23
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    Oxygen utilization of the human left ventricle - An indirect method for its evaluation and clinical considerations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analytical method is presented for determining the oxygen consumption rate of the intact heart working (as opposed to empty but beating) human left ventricle. Use is made of experimental recordings obtained for the chamber pressure and the associated dimensions of the LV. LV dimensions are determined by cineangiocardiography, and the chamber pressure is obtained by means of fluid-filled catheters during retrograde or transeptal catheterization. An analytical method incorporating these data is then employed for the evaluation of the LV coronary oxygen consumption in five subjects. Oxygen consumption for these subjects was also obtained by the conventional clinical method in order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed method.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 24
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    Angiocardiographic methods for determination of left ventricular geometry and volume (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methods are described for calculating left ventricular (LV) dimensions and chamber volumes from radiographic films. The use of biplane films for the calculation of LV volume and volume change is based on the assumption of an ellipsoidal geometry. Calculation of LV volumes from biplane films usually overestimated known volumes in postmortem hearts regardless of the methods used for volume calculation. The reasons for this are probably best explained by the fact that a smooth-surface ellipse is used to represent the irregular cavity of the LV chamber. LV volume calculated from data in a single plane compared favorably and closely with volumes calculated from biplane films. A table of normal values of ventricular volume established by angiographic studies is presented.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 25
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    Cardiac mechanics: Physiological, clinical, and mathematical considerations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-07
    Description: Recent studies concerning the basic physiological and biochemical principles underlying cardiac muscle contraction, methods for the assessment of cardiac function in the clinical situation, and mathematical approaches to cardiac mechanics are presented. Some of the topics covered include: cardiac ultrastructure and function in the normal and failing heart, myocardial energetics, clinical applications of angiocardiography, use of echocardiography for evaluating cardiac performance, systolic time intervals in the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular performance in man, evaluation of passive elastic stiffness for the left ventricle and isolated heart muscle, a conceptual model of myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, application of Huxley's sliding-filament theory to the mechanics of normal and hypertrophied cardiac muscle, and a rheological modeling of the intact left ventricle. Individual items are announced in this issue.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 26
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    A model of heat transfer in immersed man (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An equation representing man's thermal balance under water is considered. The equation states that the body thermal loading from metabolic heat production and artificial heat input must be offset by respiratory and environmental heat exchange to maintain a constant body temperature. Critical body regions are affected by cold-water thermal stress. A model of the thermoregulatory system may be divided into the physical-controlled system and the dynamic controlling system. The thermal model is simulated by computer programs.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Annals of Biomedical Engineering; 2; 1974
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  • 27
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    Analytic model for assessing the thermal performance of scuba divers (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A biothermal model with a physically-controlled subsystem and a dynamically-controlled subsystem is developed to simulate the thermoregulatory system of man under immersed conditions. The model is consistent with experimental data for seminude subjects immersed to neck in cool to temperate water and for 'wet-suited' subjects immersed to neck in cold water. Equations are derived for predicting body temperatures under various dive conditions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Hydronautics; 8; July 197
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  • 28
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    Untoward effects of a sympathomimetic amine (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Presentation and discussion of a clinical report describing asymptomatic multifocal ventricular premature contractions in a professional pilot. He had been taking heavy doses of a systemic decongestant agent, pseudoephedrine, prescribed by a physician. He was taken off the medication, and over the next few days the PVCs became less frequent, then disappeared. It is pointed out that physician's instructions to pilots must be given with the realization that some airmen may follow the instructions too zealously in an attempt to remain on flying status.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 29
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    Orthostatic tolerance in dehydrated, heat-acclimated men following exercise in the heat (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 30
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    Plasma volume and blood constituent shifts during +Gz acceleration after bedrest with exercise conditioning (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Apr. 197
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  • 31
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    Effect of bed rest and exercise on body balance (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A battery of 11 body balance tests was administered to 7 men before and after 14 days of bedrest. Seven men who had not undergone bed rest served as controls. During bed rest, each subject underwent daily either isotonic, isometric, or no leg exercise. The results showed that, for the bed-rested no exercise, isotonic exercise, and isometric exercise groups, 2 weeks of bed rest produces significant body balance decrements on 3, 4, and 5 of the 11 tests, respectively. Daily leg exercise did not prevent the debilitating effects of bed rest on body balance. After bed rest, balance skill was relearned rapidly so that in most tests, performance had reached prebed-rest levels by the third recovery day. These data suggest that balance impairment is not due to loss of muscular strength in the legs but, perhaps, to a bed-rest-related change in the neurally coded information to postural control centers.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; Mar. 197
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  • 32
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    Dynamic optometer (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A dynamic optometer that electronically records the position of the anterior surface of the human lens is described. The geometrical optics of the eye and optometer, and the scattering of light from the lens, are closely examined to determine the optimum conditions for adjustment of the instrument. The light detector and associated electronics are also considered, and the operating conditions for obtaining the best signal-to-noise ratio are determined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 33
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    Internal tibial torsion correction study (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A quantitative study of internal torsion in the entire tibial bone was performed by using strain gauges to measure the amount of deformation occuring at different locations. Comparison of strain measurements with physical dimensions of the bone produced the modulus of rigidity and its behavior under increased torque. Computerized analysis of the stress distribution shows that more strain occurs near the torqued ends of the bones where also most of the twisting and fracturing takes place.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 23 p
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  • 34
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    Design of an automatic weight scale for an isolette (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of an infant weight scale is reported that fits into an isolette without disturbing its controlled atmosphere. The scale platform uses strain gages to measure electronically deflections of cantilever beams positioned at its four corners. The weight of the infant is proportional to the sum of the output voltages produced by the gauges on each beam of the scale.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 15 p
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  • 35
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    The design of an experiment for employing the hearer-feeler differentiation device, part B (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An experimental test design is outlined to separate feelers from hearers in the evaluation of persons with varying degrees of hearing impairments. Speech envelope cues are derived from a white noise device containing filters for different frequencies that produce speech awareness thresholds.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 6 p
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  • 36
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    The design of a device for hearer and feeler differentiation, part A (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A speech modulated white noise device is reported that gives the rhythmic characteristics of a speech signal for intelligible reception by deaf persons. The signal is composed of random amplitudes and frequencies as modulated by the speech envelope characteristics of rhythm and stress. Time intensity parameters of speech are conveyed through the vibro-tactile sensation stimuli.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 12 p
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  • 37
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    Surface potential profiles (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The gathering of surface potential profiles by computerized processing of electrocardiogram data is projected. These profiles are concerned with the detail of localized potentials on the human body and are obtained by voltages plotted against electrode positions with time as the variable held constant. Sample and hold circuits are considered for processing the multiplexed signal and to digitize and code it for the tape recorder.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 15 p
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  • 38
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    Surgical suite environmental control system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theoretical and experimental work for a systems analysis approach to the problem of surgical suit exhaust systems centered on evaluation of halothane absorbing filters. An activated charcoal-alumina-charcoal combination proved to be the best filter for eliminating halothane through multilayer absorption of gas molecules.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 24 p
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  • 39
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    The stability of supermassive stars in the Parametrized Post-Newtonian framework (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The binding energy and stability of supermassive stars (SMS's) are examined in the framework of the Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism of Will and Nordvedt. The PPN formalism encompasses the post-Newtonian limit of virtually every theory of gravity, differentiating between theories by means of nine PPN parameters. A general expression is derived for the energy integral in the PPN framework, and those theories in which the energy will be conserved are defined. In all such theories, a SMS of radius less than a critical radius will be unstable against adiabatic radial perturbations. Present experimental limits on the PPN parameters gamma and beta do not exclude the possibility of the existence of stable, non-rotating, hydrogen-burning SMS's of masses an order of magnitude larger than the upper limit for the mass of such stars predicted in general relativity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 40
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    A comparison of homogeneous stellar models based on the Cox-Stewart and Carson opacities (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 41
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    Fine-scale structure of a cold hydrogen layer (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutral-hydrogen absorption-line interferometer observations are reported for five continuum radio sources situated behind an extensive layer of cold interstellar H I gas. In contrast to low-spatial-resolution emission-line observations reported earlier which show the large-scale uniformity of the layer, the high-spatial-resolution absorption-line observations reveal variations in the velocity and density within the layer. The new results together with the old indicate the apparent coexistence of a large-scale mechanism for triggering the formation of cold hydrogen and an instability mechanism leading to small-scale irregularities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 42
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    Degeneracy effects of neutrino mass ejection in supernovae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A neutrino mechanism is discussed in order to explain supernovae in massive stars. An argument is presented for supernova mass ejection through leptonic neutrino transport characteristics suppressed by the arbitrary zero chemical potential condition. Results show that lepton conservation effects may be important in supernova neutrino transport. At low temperature and density the diffusion approximation becomes less precise because of the long mean free paths of low energy neutrinos. The amount of equilibrium neutrino spectrum affected here is small over most of the collapsing supernova structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Nov. 22
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  • 43
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    Weak interstellar lines in the visible spectrum of zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 44
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    On the theory of thermal runaway in the hydrogen envelope of a white dwarf (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An evolutionary sequence was calculated for a white dwarf on which a hydrogen rich envelope is assumed to increase with time. The stellar models were computed by integrating numerically the system of stellar structure equations by means of the Henyey method. The accretion of matter was assumed to be quasi-static. Near the point of the chemical discontinuity, a temperature maximum is shown to arise, and hydrogen ignites; a thin shell energy source is formed which is thermally unstable. The resulting thermal runaway was investigated numerically and by means of a simple approximation based on the energy balance in the hydrogen burning shell source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 1-55
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  • 45
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    Estimates of the Venus atmosphere optical characteristics with application to the problem of photographing its clouds and surface (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical parameters investigated and solved for included: (1) cloud layer albedo and cloud cover optical thickness; (2) planetary surface self-radiation influence; (3) light flux distribution as function of atmospheric height; (4) upper estimate of the observed contrasts; (5) surface optical parameters; and (6) contrast decrease with altitude.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 121-135
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  • 46
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    Applicability of the diffusion approximation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Several methods using an approximate form of the scattering indicatrix are discussed for simplifying the calculation of radiation transport in planetary atmospheres.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 75-84
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  • 47
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    Lyman-alpha imagery of Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electrographic imagery of Comet Kohoutek in the 1100-1500 A wavelength range was obtained from a sounding rocket on Jan. 8, 1974, and from the Skylab space station on 13 occasions between Nov. 26, 1973 and Feb. 2, 1974. These images are predominantly due to Lyman-alpha (1216 A) emission from the hydrogen coma of the comet. The rocket pictures have been calibrated for absolute sensitivity and a hydrogen production rate has been determined. However, the Skylab camera suffered degradation of its sensitivity during the mission, and its absolute sensitivity for each observation can only be estimated by comparison of the comet images with those taken by the rocket camera, with imagery of the geocoronal Lyman-alpha glow, of the moon in reflected Lyman-alpha, and of ultraviolet-bright stars. The rocket and geocoronal comparisons are used to derive a preliminary, qualitative history of the development of the cometary hydrogen coma and the associated hydrogen production rate.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 48
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    Interpretation of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek as a particle flow phenomenon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The appearance of a 'sunward' spike, opposite in apparent orientation to the normal Type-II tail in Comet Kohoutek is interpreted as evidence for large particles ejected near perihelion. It is shown that the shape and orientation can be satisfactorily explained in this manner, after consideration of the increased mass flow at decreasing heliocentric distance. The apparent length of the spike can be a measure of the particle size and density, and a value of about 0.004 g/sq cm for the product of particle size and density fits the Skylab observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 49
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    A comment on gamma ray lines from He-4 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that excited states of He-4 cannot produce gamma ray line emission of astrophysical significance, contrary to a recent suggestion of Reina et al. (1974). The only possible gamma-ray lines in He-4 are above 25 MeV, but their excitation cross sections appear to be so small that they are probably of little astrophysical significance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 2, No; Nov. 197
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  • 50
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    Violation of the Vogt-Russell theorem for homogeneous nondegenerate stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic study is made of the number and types of solutions of the equilibrium equations of stellar structure, in the case of homogeneous stars of Population I over the mass range 2-1000 solar masses, with four different opacity representations. A variant of the usual fitting method permits the simultaneous investigation of convergence and tendency toward multiplicity of the solutions. Quadratic interpolation and extrapolation of Carson's new opacity tables produces a very large opacity at low temperatures that greatly affects the loose outer layers of massive stars, while leaving the cores practically unaffected. As a result, over a small mass range, well above 100 solar masses, triple solutions exist, always near an effective temperature of log Te = 4.73. A simple classification of the known exceptions to the Vogt-Russell theorem on the uniqueness of stellar structure is given.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 51
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    Neutrino emission from plasmons in strong magnetic fields (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutrino pair emission from stellar interiors is investigated. The paper indicates that the proposed enhanced emission mode is a part of a transverse mode spectrum with a refraction index in the limit of infinity. It is concluded that in an astrophysical sense a very strong magnetic field does not have a significant effect on the emission rate of neutrinos from plasmons.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 52
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    X rays predicted from flares of UV Ceti stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
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  • 53
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    Evidence for a corona of beta Geminorum (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spectrometer was used on the satellite Copernicus to observe a chromospheric L alpha emission from the K0 giant beta Gem at 1218.4 A. This emission appears to be in the corona at temperatures near 260,000 deg K, since the ion it is identified with requires 77.4 eV to be produced.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 54
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    Tentative identification of U93.174 as the molecular ion N2H/+/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of a consideration of the rotation constant and the hyperfine structure together with the results of an ab initio structural calculation it is suggested that the three closely space new interstellar lines near 93.174 GHz reported by Turner (1974) might have been produced by the molecular ion N2H(+). It is pointed out that the identification of N2H(+) is reasonable also in terms of current ideas of interstellar chemistry.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 55
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    Absolute radiometry and the solar constant (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A series of active cavity radiometers (ACRs) are described which have been developed as standard detectors for the accurate measurement of irradiance in absolute units. It is noted that the ACR is an electrical substitution calorimeter, is designed for automatic remote operation in any environment, and can make irradiance measurements in the range from low-level IR fluxes up to 30 solar constants with small absolute uncertainty. The instrument operates in a differential mode by chopping the radiant flux to be measured at a slow rate, and irradiance is determined from two electrical power measurements together with the instrumental constant. Results are reported for measurements of the solar constant with two types of ACRs. The more accurate measurement yielded a value of 136.6 plus or minus 0.7 mW/sq cm (1.958 plus or minus 0.010 cal/sq cm per min).
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  • 56
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    An experimental test of the homogeneity of the interstellar medium (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of nonthermal continuum radio emission at 750 MHz and hydrogen-line emission at 1420 MHz have been compared in order to test the extent to which cosmic-ray electrons, magnetic fields, and hydrogen gas coexist in the interstellar medium. If the interstellar medium is homogeneous in the sense that its constituents are mixed together and can interact, then regions of line and continuum emission should be spatially correlated. The measurements indicate that at most 28% of continuum emission in the Galaxy comes from such a homogeneous medium. The remaining nonthermal emission agrees in magnitude with the residual emission found by Berkhuijsen after subtraction of the polarized component of nonthermal emission. In addition, the data discussed here show that the major filamentary structures found in the two forms of emission rarely coincide spatially. Consequently, both the average and the exceptional structure in the medium indicate that the synchrotron-radiating magnetoplasma and the neutral hydrogen gas are not closely interacting in the present state of the medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 57
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    Origin of fifteen cosmic dust particles intercepted by Pioneer 8 and 9 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Consistent data for more than 8 years have been obtained from two identical cosmic dust particle experiments on board the space probes Pioneer 8 and 9. The two spacecraft are in direct heliocentric orbits with perihelia between 0.75 AU and 1.00 AU. On the basis of the data it is concluded that the majority of dust particles having elliptical orbits detected by the two space probes show orbital characteristics of Apollo group asteroids which originated from residual nuclei of short-period comets.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec. 13
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  • 58
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    Simple device for automatically transferring broth cultures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; Mar. 197
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  • 59
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    A wireless respiration failure detection system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Medical and Biological Engineering; 12; May 1974
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  • 60
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    Light flashes observed by astronauts on Apollo 11 through Apollo 17 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The crew members on the last seven Apollo flights observed light flashes that are tentatively attributed to cosmic ray nuclei (atomic number equal to or greater than 6) penetrating the head and eyes of the observers. Analyses of the event rates for all missions has revealed an anomalously low rate for transearth coast observations with respect to translunar coast observations.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Science; 183; Mar. 8
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  • 61
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    Upper atmospheres and diagnostic measurements (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Candidate space missions to study the temperature profiles, and ratios of hydrogen to helium in outer planet atmospheres are discussed in terms of scientific payloads for optical occultation, radio occultation, and thermometer measurements.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 8 p
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  • 62
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    Estimates of the size of particles in Saturn's rings and their cosmogonic implications (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Near infrared ice band measurements, radar and radio observations, and implications of the size estimates of particles in Saturn's rings are discussed. The measurements are compared to the Poynting-Robetson effect and a possible mechanism by which the size of the particles may significantly change after the initial formulation of the material in the rings is proposed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Rings of Saturn; p 107-123
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  • 63
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    The atmosphere of the rings of Saturn (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Outgassing of H and OH from Saturn's rings and the possibility of detecting it are examined. The source gas around the rings is computed after which the products of ice, H2O, H, and OH and the physical mechanisms that produce these species are given. Production rates for the ice products are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 125-129
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  • 64
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    Distribution and size of elements of Saturn's rings as inferred from 12-cm radar observations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A 64m radar antenna was used to observe Saturn's rings at 12.6 cm wavelength, with reduced Doppler spread. The results show a positive radar return corresponding to about a 60 percent return from an isotropic scatterer with the projected area of the rings, allowing for the Cassini division. A radar spectrogram of the rings is shown with power density plotted against Doppler frequency shift.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 73-82
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  • 65
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    Variations in the infrared brightness temperature of Saturn's rings (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: After adjusting for the decreased Sun-Saturn distance and adjusting all measurements to B ring values only, it is shown that the temperature variations are not as large as was thought. Various models of the multilayer agglomerate of particles of Saturn's rings are evaluated. It is recommended that the difference between the 11 and 20 micron brightness temperatures should be explained by a satisfactory model.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 65-72
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  • 66
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    Saturn's ring particles and space vehicle design (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Spacecraft design is discussed for probing Saturn's rings. Ring particles are also considered, emphasizing material outside of ring A and the hazard this might imply to a spacecraft crossing the ring plane beyond ring A.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 29-38
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  • 67
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    Ring particle sizes and composition derived from eclipse cooling curves and reflection spectra (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The probable chemistry of the Saturn rings is reviewed. Reflectance spectra for H20 and NH3 frosts and Saturn's rings are compared, along with temperature dependence of 1.6 microns water frost feature. The reflection spectra of Galilean satellite J2 and water frost are also reviewed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 51-63
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  • 68
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    Model of Saturn's rings that satisfies the observed phase curve for optical scattering (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of multiple anisotropic scattering were calculated, including the solar penumbra effect for shadowing computations. The classical model was matched to observations, including the wavelength dependence, by varying the particle albedo as a function of wavelength. A scattering diagram is also presented showing the relative amount of primary and higher-order scattering necessary to match the B ring brightness and the shape of the phase curve.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 17-28
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  • 69
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    Structure of Saturn's rings: Optical and dynamical considerations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The photometric phase curves of Saturn's rings are considered, as well as a conflict between dynamical and photometric models of the rings. The dependence of ring brightness on angular separation of the earth and sun as viewed from Saturn is discussed. The nonlinear brightness surge is interpreted. Some quantitative calculations were carried out for bodies in and near the asteroidal belt. Predicted density profiles of the ring obtained with Mimas in an eccentric orbit and in a circular orbit are also included.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 3-15
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  • 70
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    Rotating stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 11-34
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  • 71
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    The fission theory of binary stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 1-10
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  • 72
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    Limits on the neutral hydrogen content of Coma and other clusters of galaxies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 3, De; Dec. 197
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  • 73
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    Binary stellar winds (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Stellar winds from a binary star will interact with each other along a contact discontinuity. We discuss qualitatively the geometry of the flow and field resulting from this interaction in the simplest case where the stars and winds are identical. We consider the shape of the critical surface (defined as the surface where the flow speed is equal to the sound speed) as a function of stellar separation and the role of shock waves in the flow field. The effect of stellar spin and magnetic sectors on the field configuration is given. The relative roles of mass loss and magnetic torque in the evolution of orbital parameters are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 74
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    A search for microwave emission from CH in Comet Kohoutek /1973f/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A search was conducted for the three 9-cm transitions of the ground state Lambda-doublet of CH in comet Kohoutek, using the CSIRO 64-m radio telescope and the Onsala Space Observatory's 25.6-m telescope. No lines were detected during the observing periods, and upper limits are given for the corresponding antenna temperatures.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 75
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    Molecule searches in Comet Kohoutek /1973f/ at microwave frequencies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nine transitions of the possible parent molecules H2O, NH3, CH3OH and N2O as well as the OH radical were searched for in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) in the frequency range 22.2-25.2 GHz. These molecules were not detected, but the upper limits for the optical depth, mean column density and the production rate are derived for each of the molecules. These results are discussed and compared with the reported detections of HCN and CH3CN emission and OH absorption.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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    On the nature of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek /1973f/. I - A working model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The model derived for the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek describes it as a flat formation, confined essentially to the comet's orbit plane and composed of relatively heavy particles (mostly in the size range 0.1-1 mm) whose motions are controlled by solar gravity and solar radiation pressure. Almost all the material was produced by the comet before perihelion at a rate about an order of magnitude higher than for Comets Arend-Roland and Bennett. The latent heat of vaporization of the particle material is estimated at 40-45 kcal/mole or higher.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 77
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    An upper limit on the evolution of carbon monoxide from Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An upper limit on the rate of evolution of CO from Comet Kohoutek has been obtained from a search for resonant scattering of sunlight near 4.7 microns. The observations were made approximately two months after perihelion. The rate of evolution of CO at that time was apparently less than that of CH3CN observed before perihelion.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 78
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    Interstellar carbon I lines in zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: With two f-values of C I lines obtained from the spectra of zeta Pup and gamma(2) Vel, it is shown that the interstellar C I spectrum in zeta Oph obeys an optical-depth relation similar to that for Na I, and the relative strengths of 19 multiplets are determined from this relation. The dominant processes which excite neutral carbon are used to calculate populations of the fine-structure levels as functions of the density of H nuclei and the temperature, and evidence is found that the C I lines are formed in the dense cloud in front of zeta Oph at a heliocentric velocity of -14.4 km/s. It is noted that the observed column-density ratios of the neutral carbon fine-structure levels lead to a total H nuclei density of about 220 to 660 per cu cm, while the electron density and observed C(+) abundance indicate a value of 10,000 per cu cm, with a 0.05 pc thick gas layer.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 2, De; Dec. 197
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  • 79
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    CNO abundances and hydrodynamic models of the nova outburst. III - 0.5 solar mass models with enhanced carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Consideration of the evolution of thermonuclear runaways in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of 0.5 solar mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. The larger radii of these stars, compared with the 1.00 solar mass white dwarfs, results in a lesser degree of degeneracy at the same depth in the star. Four models of luminosity with .00355 solar luminosity, differing only in the initial abundances of C-12, N-14, and O-16, are presented. The degree of enhancement required to produce mass ejection, and thereby a nova-type outburst, is greater than for the 1.00 solar mass model. Nevertheless, the evolution of the 0.5 solar mass model that ejected material is very similar to that of the 1.00 solar mass models, and it also ejects significant amounts of C-13, N-15, and O-17 into the interstellar medium. The 0.5 solar mass outburst is considerably less intense than the 1.00 solar mass outburst (even under optimum conditions), and this lower mass behavior is interpreted as associated with the observed outburst of the slowest novae.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 80
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    Ultraviolet spectrophotometry of Sirius from Gemini 12 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The spectral energy distribution of Sirius between 2500 and 3700 A at a resolution of 7 A is obtained from plates taken on Gemini 12. The agreement with other observations and the most recent line-blanketed model atmospheres is good. The equivalent width of the Mg II doublet near 2800 A is 6.0 A, if the continuum level is represented by regions near 2650 and 2910 A. This is consistent with expectations for a hot Am star and implies line blocking of up to 15% in this wavelength region.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 81
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    Power spectral density analysis of the electromyogram from a work task performed in a full pressure suit (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Surface electromyograms (EMG) taken from three upper torso muscles during a push-pull task were analyzed by a power spectral density technique to determine the utility of the spectral analysis for identifying changes in the EMG caused by muscular fatigue. The results confirmed the value of the frequency analysis for identifying fatigue producing muscular performance. Data revealed reliable differences between muscles in fatigue induced responses to various locations in the reach envelope at which the subjects were required to perform the push-pull exercise, and the differential sensitivity of individual muscles to the various reach positions; i.e., certain reach positions imposed more fatigue related shifts in EMG power than did others. It was found that a pressurized space suit changed the pattern of normal shirtsleeve muscle fatigue responses in all three of the muscles.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58136 , JSC-09004
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  • 82
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    Robot arm dynamics and control (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Variations in total inertia and gravity loads at the joint outputs are treated along with the relative importance of gravity and acceleration-generated reaction torques or forces versus inertia torques or forces. The relation between the dynamical state equations in explicit terms and servoing the manipulator is briefly discussed in the framework of state variable feedback control which also forms the basis of adaptive manipulator control. Exact state equations were determined for total inertia and gravity loads at the joint outputs as a function of joint variables, using the constant inertial and geometric parameters of the individual links defined in the respective link coordinate frames. The range of maximum variations in total inertia and gravity loads at the joint outputs was calculated for both no load and load in the hand. The main result is the construction of a set of greatly simplified state equations which describe the total inertia and gravity load variations at the output of the six joints with an average error of less than 5%.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-136935 , JPL-TM-33-669
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  • 83
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    Design development and test: Two-gas atmosphere control subsystem (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An atmosphere control subsystem (ACS) was developed for NASA-IBJSC which is designed to measure the major atmospheric constituents in the manned cabin of the space shuttle orbiter and control the addition of oxygen and nitrogen to maintain the partial pressures of these gases within very close limits. The ACS includes a mass spectrometer sensor (MSS) which analyzes the atmosphere of a shuttle vehicle pressurized cabin, and an electronic control assembly (ECA). The MSS was built and tested to meet the requirements for flight equipment for the M-171 Metabolic Analyzer experiment for the Skylab flight program. The instrument analyzes an atmospheric gas sample and produces continuous 0-5 vdc analog signals proportional to the partial pressures of H2, O2, N2, H2O, CO2 and total hydrocarbons having a m/e ratio between 50 and 120. It accepts signals from the MSS proportional to the partial pressures of N2 and O2 and controls the supply of these gases to the closed cabin.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134190 , MDC-G4971
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  • 84
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    Development and fabrication of heat-sterilizable inhalation therapy equipment (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of a completely heat sterilizable intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) ventilator in an effort to reduce the number of hospital acquired infections is reported. After appropriate changes in materials and design were made, six prototype units were fabricated and were successfully field tested in local hospitals. Most components of the modified ventilators are compatible with existing machines. In all but a few instances, such as installation of bacteria-retentive filters and a modified venturi, the change over from non-heat-sterilizable to sterilizable units was accomplished by replacement of heat labile materials with heat stable materials.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-136832 , JPL-TM-33-670
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  • 85
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    Ionisation structure and transfer of radiation in dusty nebulae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytic expressions describing the infrared radiation and hydrogen to helium line intensity ratios from a dusty nebula are presented. Implications of these results are discussed briefly.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 173-178
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  • 86
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    Dust in H2 regions (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of dust inside H2 regions were studied by means of theoretical models of dusty nebulae. Infrared observations were analyzed and clear evidence was found that the emitting dust is mostly mixed with the ionized gas. Some information about the amount, distribution, and properties of dust grains was also derived.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 163-171
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    Evolutionary characteristics of a bimodal grain model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A bimodal model of interstellar grains consisting of silicate cores of size approximately 0.06 micron with modified ice mantles of approximately 0.1 micron and very small particles of silicate and/or graphite of size approximately 0.005 micron is followed through various stages of evolution. Starting with a distribution of core-mantle cylinders producing average wavelength dependence of polarization and extinction, changes in physical and optical characteristics of the model are studied going first into regions of dense cloud condensation and coming out at the other end of star formation into young H2 regions. Physical justification is presented to show that not only in dense clouds must the core mantle grains be larger than normal, but also in young H2 regions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 153-162
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  • 88
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    Expected far infrared polarization of H2 regions and the nuclei of galaxies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The expected polarization of far infrared sources is discussed, and it is shown that the observed degree of polarization generally depends on two factors: (1) the availability of a mechanism that can produce polarization, and (2) the gain in polarization which absorption or stimulated emission can produce within a source. It is pointed out that stimulated emission could produce sizeable gain changes in compact dust clouds such as those associated with H2 regions and possibly also in dense regions exhibiting OH and H2O masers. Whether such a gain can actually become positive (maser-like behavior) is not clear, but this would in any case depend on the chemical structure of the grain material and the spectral range of interest.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 179-184
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  • 89
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    Telemetry of left ventricular diameter and pressure measurements from unrestrained animals (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 37; Aug. 197
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  • 90
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    Tracking with head position using an electrooptical monitor (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An electrooptical head-position monitoring system was designed and built and is used in single-axis and three-axis 'hands-off' control tasks. The monitor consists of a transparent plexiglass body-fixed helmet provided with a set of eight silicon photodetectors sensing pitch, roll, and yaw motions of the head. Two light-emitting diodes, attached to the pilot's helmet liner, provide the ac modulated near infrared radiation. Head control is compared with conventional manual control for single-axis and three-axis tracking tasks. Both performance curves and describing functions are presented.
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    Development of a Korotkov sound processor for automatic identification of auscultatory events. I - Specification of preprocessing bandpass filters (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Frequency bands that best discriminate the Korotkov sounds at systole and at diastole from the sounds immediately preceding these events are defined. Korotkov sound data were recorded from five normotensive subjects during orthostatic stress (lower body negative pressure) and bicycle ergometry. A spectral analysis of the seven Korotkov sounds centered about the systolic and diastolic auscultatory events revealed that a maximum increase in amplitude at the systolic transition occurred in the 18-26-Hz band, while a maximum decrease in amplitude at the diastolic transition occurred in the 40-60-Hz band. These findings were remarkably consistent across subjects and test conditions. These passbands are included in the design specifications for an automatic blood pressure measuring system used in conjuction with medical experiments during NASA's Skylab program.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-21; Mar. 197
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  • 92
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    Development of a Korotkov sound processor for automatic identification of auscultatory events. II - Decision logic specifications and operational verification (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-21; Mar. 197
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  • 93
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    Membrane water deaerator investigation (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The purpose of the membrane water deaerator program was to develop data on a breadboard hollow fiber membrane unit that removes both dissolved and evolved gas from a water transfer system in order to: (1) assure a hard fill of the EVLSS expendable water tank; (2) prevent flow blockage by gas bubbles in circulating systems; and (3) prevent pump cavitation.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-140259 , AIRESEARCH-74-10072
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    Space shuttle/food system study. Volume 2, appendix E: Alternate flight systems analysis (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The functional requirements of stowage, preparation, serving, consumption, and cleanup were applied to each of the five food mixes selected for study in terms of the overall design of the space shuttle food system. The analysis led to a definition of performance requirements for each food mix, along with a definition of equipment to meet those requirements. Weight and volume data for all five systems, in terms of food and packaging, support equipment, and galley installation penalties, are presented.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134377
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    Preliminary flight prototype waste collection subsystem (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The zero gravity test program demonstrated the feasibility and practicability of collecting urine from both male and female crew members in a zero gravity environment in an earthlike manner not requiring any manual handling of urine containers. In addition, the testing demonstrated that a seat which is comfortable in both regimes of operation could be designed for use on the ground and in zero-gravity. Further, the tests showed that the vortex liquid/air separator is an effective liquid/air separation method in zero gravity. Visual observations indicate essentially zero liquid carry over. The system also demonstrated its ability to handle post elimination wipes without difficulty. The designs utilized in the WCS were verified as acceptable for usage in the space shuttle or other space vehicles.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-104240 , SVHSER-6509
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  • 96
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    Space shuttle food system study. Volume 1: System design report (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data were assembled which define the optimum food system to support the space shuttle program, and which provide sufficient engineering data to support necessary requests for proposals towards final development and installment of the system. The study approach used is outlined, along with technical data and sketches for each functional area. Logistic support analysis, system assurance, and recommendations and conclusions based on the study results are also presented.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134374
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    Corrosion control and disinfection studies in spacecraft water systems (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Disinfection and corrosion control in the water systems of the Saturn 5 Orbital Workshop Program are considered. Within this framework, the problem areas of concern are classified into four general areas: disinfection; corrosion; membrane-associated problems of disinfectant uptake and diffusion; and taste and odor problems arising from membrane-disinfectant interaction.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-140197
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  • 98
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    Role of man in flight experiment payloads, phase 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The identification of required data for studies of Spacelab experiment functional allocation, the development of an approach to collecting these data from the payload community, and the specification of analytical methods necessary to quantitatively determine the role of man in specific Spacelab experiments are presented. A generalized Spacelab experiment operation sequence was developed, and the parameters necessary to describe each signle function in the sequence were identified. A set of functional descriptor worksheets were also drawn up. The methodological approach to defining the role of man was defined as a series of trade studies using a digial simulation technique. The tradeoff variables identified include scientific crew size, skill mix, and location. An existing digital simulation program suitable for the required analyses was identified and obtained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-120398
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  • 99
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    Earth orbital teleoperator system man-machine interface evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The teleoperator system man-machine interface evaluation develops and implements a program to determine human performance requirements in teleoperator systems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-139598 , H-4-1
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    Firefighter's compressed air breathing system pressure vessel development program (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The research to design, fabricate, test, and deliver a pressure vessel for the main component in an improved high-performance firefighter's breathing system is reported. The principal physical and performance characteristics of the vessel which were required are: (1) maximum weight of 9.0 lb; (2) maximum operating pressure of 4500 psig (charge pressure of 4000 psig); (3) minimum contained volume of 280 in. 3; (4) proof pressure of 6750 psig; (5) minimum burst pressure of 9000 psig following operational and service life; and (6) a minimum service life of 15 years. The vessel developed to fulfill the requirements described was completely sucessful, i.e., every category of performence was satisfied. The average weight of the vessel was found to be about 8.3 lb, well below the 9.0 lb specification requirement.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134384 , MCR-73-214
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