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  • Other Sources  (3,210)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (1,374)
  • FLUID MECHANICS  (1,203)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 1970-1974  (3,210)
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  • 101
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The first part of the present theory is devoted to the derivation of a Fokker-Planck equation. The eddies smaller than the hydrodynamic scale of the diffusion cloud form a diffusivity, while the inhomogeneous, bigger eddies give rise to a nonuniform migratory drift. This introduces an eddy-induced shear which reflects on the large-scale diffusion. The eddy-induced shear does not require the presence of a permanent wind shear and is intrinsic to the diffusion. Secondly, a transport theory of diffusivity is developed by the method of repeated-cascade and is based upon a relaxation of a chain of memories with decreasing information. The full range of diffusion consists of inertia, composite, and shear subranges, for which variance and eddy diffusivities are predicted. The coefficients are evaluated. Comparison with experiments in the upper atmosphere and oceans is made.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung; vol. 29a
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The error minimization method proposed by Nachtsheim and Swigert (1965) to satisfy the asymptotic boundary conditions of boundary layer equations is proved to be equivalent to imposing the condition of fastest decay. As a consequence, a uniqueness problem is not arising in the solutions of boundary layer equations obtained by their method.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Fluids; 2; Mar. 197
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In one attempt to produce a simple inexpensive nozzle, a 2-in. diam plate with 37 holes was investigated (Stadler, 1960), anticipating that the small jets emanating from the plate would combine to form a uniform stream. This experiment was unsuccessful because a uniform flow was not established until the flow had progressed many nozzle diameters downstream. However, an extension of this concept to a much larger number of very small jets, viz., a porous plate, did provide a method for producing a uniform, low Reynolds number jet almost immediately downstream of the nozzle (Greene, 1973). The method is described and some typical jet velocity profiles for nozzle Reynolds numbers from 50 to 1000 are given.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Aug. 197
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A biothermal model with a physically-controlled subsystem and a dynamically-controlled subsystem is developed to simulate the thermoregulatory system of man under immersed conditions. The model is consistent with experimental data for seminude subjects immersed to neck in cool to temperate water and for 'wet-suited' subjects immersed to neck in cold water. Equations are derived for predicting body temperatures under various dive conditions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Hydronautics; 8; July 197
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations for the fluctuation correlation in an incompressible shear flow are derived on the basis of kinetic theory, utilizing the two-point distribution function which obeys the BBGKY hierarchy equation truncated with the hypothesis of 'ternary' molecular chaos. The step from the molecular to the hydrodynamic description is accomplished by a moment expansion which is a two-point version of the thirteen-moment method, and which leads to a series of correlation equations, viz., the two-point counterparts of the continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, etc. For almost parallel shearing flows the two-point equation is separable and reduces to two Orr-Sommerfeld equations with different physical implications.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; Jan. 197
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Presentation and discussion of a clinical report describing asymptomatic multifocal ventricular premature contractions in a professional pilot. He had been taking heavy doses of a systemic decongestant agent, pseudoephedrine, prescribed by a physician. He was taken off the medication, and over the next few days the PVCs became less frequent, then disappeared. It is pointed out that physician's instructions to pilots must be given with the realization that some airmen may follow the instructions too zealously in an attempt to remain on flying status.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 108
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The equations of motion governing steady, inviscid flow are of a mixed type, that is, hyperbolic in the supersonic region and elliptic in the subsonic region. These mathematical difficulties may be removed by using the so-called time-dependent method, where the governing equations become hyperbolic everywhere. The steady-state solution may be obtained as the asymptotic solution for large time. The object of this research was to develop a production type computer program capable of solving converging, converging-diverging, and plug two-dimensional nozzle flows in computational times of 1 min or less on a CDC 6600 computer.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Apr. 197
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Test flow velocities from 5 to 7 km/sec were generated in a 6-in. expansion tube using helium, argon, air, and CO2 test gases. Pitot pressure profiles across the flow at the test section are presented for the four test gases, and measured flow quantities are compared to computer predicted values. Comparison of predicted and measured flow quantities suggests the expansion to be near thermochemical equilibrium for all test gases and implies the existence of a totally reflected shock at the secondary diaphragm. Argon, air, and CO2 flows were observed to attenuate while traversing the acceleration section, whereas no attenuation was observed for helium.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 111
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The structure of a cylindrical blast wave with ionization at non-LTE conditions was calculated using equations previously developed by Wu and Fu (1970). The degree of ionization was predicted by a modified Saha equation. Temperature profiles show that the temperature at non-LTE conditions is lower than at LTE near the shock front. This corresponds to a higher degree of ionization for the non-LTE limit, which indicates that the neutral gas absorption is much more efficient at non-LTE than at the LTE limit. The decaying velocity under non-LTE is approximately 15% less than under LTE.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physical Society of Japan; vol. 36
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  • 112
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A battery of 11 body balance tests was administered to 7 men before and after 14 days of bedrest. Seven men who had not undergone bed rest served as controls. During bed rest, each subject underwent daily either isotonic, isometric, or no leg exercise. The results showed that, for the bed-rested no exercise, isotonic exercise, and isometric exercise groups, 2 weeks of bed rest produces significant body balance decrements on 3, 4, and 5 of the 11 tests, respectively. Daily leg exercise did not prevent the debilitating effects of bed rest on body balance. After bed rest, balance skill was relearned rapidly so that in most tests, performance had reached prebed-rest levels by the third recovery day. These data suggest that balance impairment is not due to loss of muscular strength in the legs but, perhaps, to a bed-rest-related change in the neurally coded information to postural control centers.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; Mar. 197
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  • 113
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A dynamic optometer that electronically records the position of the anterior surface of the human lens is described. The geometrical optics of the eye and optometer, and the scattering of light from the lens, are closely examined to determine the optimum conditions for adjustment of the instrument. The light detector and associated electronics are also considered, and the operating conditions for obtaining the best signal-to-noise ratio are determined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 114
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A quantitative study of internal torsion in the entire tibial bone was performed by using strain gauges to measure the amount of deformation occuring at different locations. Comparison of strain measurements with physical dimensions of the bone produced the modulus of rigidity and its behavior under increased torque. Computerized analysis of the stress distribution shows that more strain occurs near the torqued ends of the bones where also most of the twisting and fracturing takes place.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 23 p
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  • 115
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of an infant weight scale is reported that fits into an isolette without disturbing its controlled atmosphere. The scale platform uses strain gages to measure electronically deflections of cantilever beams positioned at its four corners. The weight of the infant is proportional to the sum of the output voltages produced by the gauges on each beam of the scale.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 15 p
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An experimental test design is outlined to separate feelers from hearers in the evaluation of persons with varying degrees of hearing impairments. Speech envelope cues are derived from a white noise device containing filters for different frequencies that produce speech awareness thresholds.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 6 p
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A speech modulated white noise device is reported that gives the rhythmic characteristics of a speech signal for intelligible reception by deaf persons. The signal is composed of random amplitudes and frequencies as modulated by the speech envelope characteristics of rhythm and stress. Time intensity parameters of speech are conveyed through the vibro-tactile sensation stimuli.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 12 p
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  • 118
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The gathering of surface potential profiles by computerized processing of electrocardiogram data is projected. These profiles are concerned with the detail of localized potentials on the human body and are obtained by voltages plotted against electrode positions with time as the variable held constant. Sample and hold circuits are considered for processing the multiplexed signal and to digitize and code it for the tape recorder.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 15 p
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  • 119
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theoretical and experimental work for a systems analysis approach to the problem of surgical suit exhaust systems centered on evaluation of halothane absorbing filters. An activated charcoal-alumina-charcoal combination proved to be the best filter for eliminating halothane through multilayer absorption of gas molecules.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 24 p
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Rotational magnetic hysteresis curves for lunar soils 10084, 12070, and 14259, and rock 14053 have been published. There is no adequate explanation to date for the observed large hysteresis at high fields. Lunar rock magnetism researchers consider fine particle iron to be the primary source of stable magnetic remanence in lunar samples. Iron has cubic anisotropy with added shape anisotropy for extreme particle shapes. The observed high-field hysteresis must have its source in uniaxial or unidirectional anisotropy. This implies the existence of minerals with uniaxial anisotropy or exchange-coupled spin states. Therefore, the source of this observed high-field hysteresis must be identified and understood before serious paleointensity studies are made. It is probable that the exchange-coupled spin states and/or the source of uniaxial anisotropy responsible for the high-field hysteresis might be influenced by the lunar surface diurnal temperature cycling. The possible sources of high-field hysteresis in lunar samples are presented and considered.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Nov
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The binding energy and stability of supermassive stars (SMS's) are examined in the framework of the Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism of Will and Nordvedt. The PPN formalism encompasses the post-Newtonian limit of virtually every theory of gravity, differentiating between theories by means of nine PPN parameters. A general expression is derived for the energy integral in the PPN framework, and those theories in which the energy will be conserved are defined. In all such theories, a SMS of radius less than a critical radius will be unstable against adiabatic radial perturbations. Present experimental limits on the PPN parameters gamma and beta do not exclude the possibility of the existence of stable, non-rotating, hydrogen-burning SMS's of masses an order of magnitude larger than the upper limit for the mass of such stars predicted in general relativity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Asteroids (6), (14), (39), and (51) were observed at the Leiden Southern Station. Only (39) Laetitia seems to show some variation in color (3% in visual-ultraviolet) correlated to the light curve. If a similar effect is present for (6) Hebe, it should only be present at small phase angles. The light curves of (14) Irene and (39) Laetitia show light variations of a few percent of the rotational period indicating probable surface macrostructure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Dec. 197
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A lunar soil simulant was used in research on predicting the performance of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) on the moon. The simulant was prepared from ground basaltic rock whose grain size distribution was matched to the lunar soil samples collected by Apollo 11 and 12. The strength characteristics of the simulant, i.e., internal friction angle, cohesion, and cone penetration resistance, were tested in triaxial tests, trenching tests, and cone penetration resistance tests. Subsequent soil tests and LRV performance on the moon proved that the lunar soil strength characteristics could be successfully simulated.-
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geotechnique; 24; Mar. 197
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  • 125
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutral-hydrogen absorption-line interferometer observations are reported for five continuum radio sources situated behind an extensive layer of cold interstellar H I gas. In contrast to low-spatial-resolution emission-line observations reported earlier which show the large-scale uniformity of the layer, the high-spatial-resolution absorption-line observations reveal variations in the velocity and density within the layer. The new results together with the old indicate the apparent coexistence of a large-scale mechanism for triggering the formation of cold hydrogen and an instability mechanism leading to small-scale irregularities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In order to determine the nature of Martian aeolian processes, an investigation is in progress which involves wind tunnel simulations, geologic field studies, theoretical model studies, and analyses of Mariner 9 imagery; this report presents the preliminary results. Threshold speed experiments were conducted for particles ranging in relative density from 1.3 to 11.35 and diameter from 10.2 to 1290 microns to verify and better define Bagnold's (1941) expression for grain movement, particularly for low particle Reynolds numbers and to study the effects of aerodynamic lift and surface roughness. Wind tunnel simulations were conducted to determine the flow field over raised rim craters and associated zones of deposition and erosion.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 127
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: New photoelectric observations yield V(1, alpha) equals 12.95 + 0.036 alpha + or - 0.05, B-V equals 0.65 + or - 0.03, and U-B equals 0.18 + or - 0.03 for Deimos and V(1, 0) equals 11.9 + or - 0.2 for Phobos. The derived geometric albedos of both satellites are near 0.065. Combined photometric and polarimetric results lead to the conclusion that the satellites have dusty surfaces and are possibly basaltic but more likely carbonaceous in composition.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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  • 128
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The wavelength dependence of the reflectivity of Io indicates the presence of two materials on the surface of this satellite of Jupiter. These materials are sulfur and an unspecified material (R1) which shows a wavelength dependence of its reflectivity for wavelengths from 0.3 to 1.0 micron similar to the non-H2O frost spectrum of the rings of Saturn. A 60/40 admixture of these two spectra matches the observed reflection spectrum of Io from 0.3 to 3.0 microns, if the spectrum of R1 is featureless for wavelengths above 1 micron. Sulfur will give rise to a posteclipse brightening. The variation with wavelength of the temperature dependence of the reflectivity of sulfur will allow an observational confirmation of the presence of sulfur on Io. The material R1 should show a large geometrical albedo. The translucency of sulfur is consistent with the polarization-phase curve of Io. The material R1 is also required to be translucent.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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  • 129
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A neutrino mechanism is discussed in order to explain supernovae in massive stars. An argument is presented for supernova mass ejection through leptonic neutrino transport characteristics suppressed by the arbitrary zero chemical potential condition. Results show that lepton conservation effects may be important in supernova neutrino transport. At low temperature and density the diffusion approximation becomes less precise because of the long mean free paths of low energy neutrinos. The amount of equilibrium neutrino spectrum affected here is small over most of the collapsing supernova structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Nov. 22
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Apollo 17 astronauts removed four rocks samples to represent each of the lithologies they recognized in the boulder at station 7: sample 77215 from an off-white meter-sized block; sample 77075 from one of the thin dikes that cross the off-white block; 77115 from the blue-gray rock adjacent to the off-white block and apparently continuous with thin dikes that cross the block; sample 77135 of the tan-gray or green-gray vesicular rock adjacent to the blue-gray (77115) rock. A consortium of investigators has been organized to study the samples. Each sample shows a number of lithologic types in terms of clasts (or xenoliths) and matrices. A table shows how subsamples have been allocated for consortium study. Maps and photographs show the relations between subsample locations and lithologies for the two more dissected samples, 77115 and 77135.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 23; 3, Oc; Oct. 197
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  • 131
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Reduction of Doppler radio tracking of the orbiting spacecraft has shown consistency with Apollo 14 data results and has revealed new gravity anomalies. Large craters are negative anomalies while wrinkle ridge regions are positive. The Central highlands are mostly a positive anomaly except for the Apollo 16 landing site, which is in a negative area. A gravity high northwest of Theophilus is not easily explained.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Sept
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Polarimetric observations of 43 asteroids are presented. All objects show a well-developed negative polarization branch as an indicator of unconsolidated surface regoliths. The empirical slope-albedo law for diffusely reflecting solid surfaces is reexamined and used to compute polarimetric albedos and diameters for 30 asteroids. In many cases the results are in good agreement with infrared-radiometric diameters; the older visual diameter measurements were systematically too small. Radiometric albedos below 5%, however, are not confirmed by the polarimetry. Bimodal frequency distributions are noted for asteroid color, albedo, and the depth of the negative polarization branch. Correlations between B - V color and polarimetric parameters suggest that most of the asteroid population can be divided into silicaceous and carbonaceous opacity classes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Oct. 197
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that Mars is especially well adapted to statistical studies of crater morphologies for deciphering its geological history. A framework for understanding planetary geomorphological histories from the diameter-frequency relations of different morphological classes of craters described by Chapmam et al. (1970) is extended in order to understand Martian cratering, erosional, and depositional history. The cratering-obliteration history derived is compared with global interpretations considered by Hartman (1973) and Soderblom et al. (1974). An idealized dust-filling model is employed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 22; July 197
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An evolutionary sequence was calculated for a white dwarf on which a hydrogen rich envelope is assumed to increase with time. The stellar models were computed by integrating numerically the system of stellar structure equations by means of the Henyey method. The accretion of matter was assumed to be quasi-static. Near the point of the chemical discontinuity, a temperature maximum is shown to arise, and hydrogen ignites; a thin shell energy source is formed which is thermally unstable. The resulting thermal runaway was investigated numerically and by means of a simple approximation based on the energy balance in the hydrogen burning shell source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 1-55
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical parameters investigated and solved for included: (1) cloud layer albedo and cloud cover optical thickness; (2) planetary surface self-radiation influence; (3) light flux distribution as function of atmospheric height; (4) upper estimate of the observed contrasts; (5) surface optical parameters; and (6) contrast decrease with altitude.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 121-135
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Several methods using an approximate form of the scattering indicatrix are discussed for simplifying the calculation of radiation transport in planetary atmospheres.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 75-84
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Formulas are presented to calculate the landing point of a spacecraft on Mars. The areographic latitude is taken as the angle between a plumb line at the landing point and the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of Mars relative to the sun. The ephemeral time of the upper culmination of the sun at the landing point is used to determine areographic longitude. A coupled system and a topocentric system of coordinates are introduced to develop the first series of equations. Both errors which are independent random quantities and systematic errors are considered, as well as the influence of the distance of the landing point from the boundary of the area of polar night.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 1-22
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A previous theory which did not require a usual closure assumption required three or more initial spectra. By allowing a simple physical assumption (a modification of Kovasznay's (1948) hypothesis), the required number of spectra is reduced to two. Agreement with experiment is good.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; Mar. 197
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  • 140
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methods for predicting erosion resulting from repeated localized impulsive loadings, such a impacts from droplets or in cavitation flow from microjets and bubbles, are examined. The parameters which determine the adequacy of a component to resist the loads put upon it are identified. The development of erosion rate models is discussed. The expected accuracy of the prediction and the sources of error are analyzed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failure; p 107-114
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  • 141
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: To study cavitation inception in polymer solutions, a blow-down water tunnel with short running times was used. Tests were made using 1/4 and 1/2 inch diameter models of hemispherical-nose cylinders. To accurately detect the inception of cavitation, a reliable technique was developed using a continuously operating He-Ne gas laser. The laser beam was adjusted to grazing incidence with the model at the minimum pressure point where cavitation inception was to be expected. A sensitive photocell was placed at ninety degrees to detect the beam. As incipient cavitation occurred, the bubbles caused scattering of the laser beam which was picked up by the photocell. Static pressure near the model in the working section of the tunnel was measured using a solid-state pressure pick-up. The signals from the photocell and the pressure pick-up were recorded on an oscillograph. Velocity field visualization was achieved using one microsecond duration light pulses scattered by small polystryrene latex spheres in the flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 100-106
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of cavitating flow on the polymeric additives used in functional fluids are described. A comparison of thermal and mechanical stability tests for these polymer solutions show distinct differences in the machanism of the polymer degradation. The thermal degradation tests appear to cause an unzippering or depolymerization type of reaction in which there is no particular selectivity based on molecular weight. The mechanical degradation of these fluids appears to be based on molecular weight. Measurements of molecular weight distributions during mechanical degradation show that for a given level of intensity only molecules above a certain minimum size are degraded. The effects of ultrasonic radiation on polymer degradation are reported. Tests were conducted to demonstrate the mechanism of mechanical polymer degradiation in an orifice. A more severe test than the orifice test in which two tapered roller bearings loaded against each other produce the mechanical breakdown is discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 88-99
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A numerical analysis of the pressure distribution of a lubricant in contact with a rough surface was conducted. The magnitude of the pressures was determined by their root mean square value for the contact of two dimensional cylinders. The pressure was found to vary in the following manner: (1) the location in the contact, (2) the spectrum or frequency content of the surface roughness, (3) the mean plateau film thickness, and (4) the root mean square value of the surface roughness. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 62-73
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of cavitation flow on piston type, positive displacement, hydraulic pumps are discussed. The operating principles of the pump and the components which are most subject to erosion effects are described. The mechanisms of cavitation phenomena are identified from photographic records. Curves are developed to show the solubility of air in water, oil-water emulsion, and industrial hydraulic oil.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 48-53
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  • 145
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of failures caused by cavitation erosion are discussed. The concepts of intensity of erosion, erosion strength, and the time dependence of erosion rate are analyzed. The relation of these parameters to system variables such as pressure and velocity, and to the properties of materials are investigated. Using several examples of actual cavitation erosion, methods of prevention and their limitations are examined.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 39-47
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theories of cavitation damage mechanisms are discussed. Photographic evidence has shown that the actual collapse of bubbles near a symmetry-destroying feature such as a nearby wall results in a toroidal-like collapse, with the final generation of a liquid microjet oriented toward the wall. Numerical analyses indicate that the shock wave intensity emitted during collapse is not likely to be strong enough to be damaging to most materials. It has been determined that actual damage is usually a result of a combination of impact effect of the microjet and the shock wave pressures generated by bubble rebounds.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 31-35
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methods for determining the correlations of erosion resistance and mechanical properties of materials are discussed. The most common method of testing cavitation erosion resistance of materials is the vibratory cavitation probe. The instrument and its operation are described. The use of the whirling arm device is considered as a second method. Metallographic investigations of the earliest stages of cavitation erosion damage of metallic materials was conducted. The materials show plastic deformation occurring during the incubation period and increasing until cracks form and metal fragments are lost. The parameters of the work done to cause material fractures are identified. The reactions obtained with specific materials are reported.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 23-30
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  • 148
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The dependence of erosion rates on the ambient temperature of water is discussed. The assumption that the gas inside the bubble is compressed adiabatically during collapse gives better agreement with experiments than the assumption that the gas is isothermally compressed. Acoustic impedance is an important liquid parameter that governs the erosion intensity in vibratory devices. The investigation reveals that the major physical properties of liquids governing the intensity of erosion include density, sound speed, surface tension, vapor pressure, gas content, and nuclei distribution.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 13-22
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  • 149
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The role of cavitation in mechanical failure is discussed. Some of the most common types of material damage associated with the presence of cavitation are surface material removal, delamination and structural vibration. This occurs in external flows such as on propellers, hydrofoils, and high speed non-lifting surfaces. In internal flows, pipe bends, inlets, constructions, pumps and turbines are typical. Nominally nonflowing liquids are also susceptible in, for example, strong acoustic fields and high energy particle detectors. For flowing systems, Bernoulli's equation shows how a local pressure is reduced as the fluid's velocity is increased. At sufficiently high velocities, a tension can actually develop and this has, in fact, been demonstrated experimentally. Once the pressure is reduced below the fluid vapor pressure a vapor cavity can be nucleated. Various aspects of this process are simply shown by considering the flow over a lifting surface.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 3-12
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is found that 25% on the Apollo-14 glasses have the same composition as the glasses in two samples taken from the Luna-16 column. The compositions are equivalent to feldspar basalt and anorthosite gabbro, and are similar to the feldspar basalts identified from Surveyor-7 analysis for lunar continents.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electrographic imagery of Comet Kohoutek in the 1100-1500 A wavelength range was obtained from a sounding rocket on Jan. 8, 1974, and from the Skylab space station on 13 occasions between Nov. 26, 1973 and Feb. 2, 1974. These images are predominantly due to Lyman-alpha (1216 A) emission from the hydrogen coma of the comet. The rocket pictures have been calibrated for absolute sensitivity and a hydrogen production rate has been determined. However, the Skylab camera suffered degradation of its sensitivity during the mission, and its absolute sensitivity for each observation can only be estimated by comparison of the comet images with those taken by the rocket camera, with imagery of the geocoronal Lyman-alpha glow, of the moon in reflected Lyman-alpha, and of ultraviolet-bright stars. The rocket and geocoronal comparisons are used to derive a preliminary, qualitative history of the development of the cometary hydrogen coma and the associated hydrogen production rate.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The appearance of a 'sunward' spike, opposite in apparent orientation to the normal Type-II tail in Comet Kohoutek is interpreted as evidence for large particles ejected near perihelion. It is shown that the shape and orientation can be satisfactorily explained in this manner, after consideration of the increased mass flow at decreasing heliocentric distance. The apparent length of the spike can be a measure of the particle size and density, and a value of about 0.004 g/sq cm for the product of particle size and density fits the Skylab observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 153
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that excited states of He-4 cannot produce gamma ray line emission of astrophysical significance, contrary to a recent suggestion of Reina et al. (1974). The only possible gamma-ray lines in He-4 are above 25 MeV, but their excitation cross sections appear to be so small that they are probably of little astrophysical significance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 2, No; Nov. 197
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  • 154
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Emission from Jupiter has been observed by the IMP-6 spacecraft at 25 frequencies between 425 and 9900 kHz covering the period April 1971 to October 1972. The Jovian bursts were identified through the phase of the observed modulated signal detected from the spinning dipole antenna. Approximately 500 days of data have been scanned for Jupiter emissions with a positive detection of at least 382 events. The static spectral behavior of the emission has been investigated and can be divided naturally into three types. Type one (normal) shows a high correlation with earth-based observations and follows the same spectral behavior. These bursts are seldom detected much below 1 MHz. The second type (md-frequency) occurs near or below 1 MHz and shows low and high-frequency cutoffs. The emission peak is near 900 kHz with a 3 db bandwidth of approximately 450 kHz. A third type consists of a complex combination of the previous types.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic study is made of the number and types of solutions of the equilibrium equations of stellar structure, in the case of homogeneous stars of Population I over the mass range 2-1000 solar masses, with four different opacity representations. A variant of the usual fitting method permits the simultaneous investigation of convergence and tendency toward multiplicity of the solutions. Quadratic interpolation and extrapolation of Carson's new opacity tables produces a very large opacity at low temperatures that greatly affects the loose outer layers of massive stars, while leaving the cores practically unaffected. As a result, over a small mass range, well above 100 solar masses, triple solutions exist, always near an effective temperature of log Te = 4.73. A simple classification of the known exceptions to the Vogt-Russell theorem on the uniqueness of stellar structure is given.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutrino pair emission from stellar interiors is investigated. The paper indicates that the proposed enhanced emission mode is a part of a transverse mode spectrum with a refraction index in the limit of infinity. It is concluded that in an astrophysical sense a very strong magnetic field does not have a significant effect on the emission rate of neutrinos from plasmons.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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  • 159
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: New measurements verify that Neptune is brighter than Uranus near 20 microns and show that both planets have increasing brightness temperature with decreasing wavelength between 34 and 22.5 microns. The observations are not compatible with existing models for the atmospheres of these planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spectrometer was used on the satellite Copernicus to observe a chromospheric L alpha emission from the K0 giant beta Gem at 1218.4 A. This emission appears to be in the corona at temperatures near 260,000 deg K, since the ion it is identified with requires 77.4 eV to be produced.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A three-axis cosmic dust experiment placed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 17 crew is registering impact parameters of cosmic dust and lunar ejecta. A total of 1117 events have been recorded in eight months of data. Preliminary conclusions on the nature of the data include possible evidence of lunar soil transport associated with the terminators. Particle fluxes have been derived for two of the three sensor systems and for specified conditions of exposure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 186; Nov. 15
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of a consideration of the rotation constant and the hyperfine structure together with the results of an ab initio structural calculation it is suggested that the three closely space new interstellar lines near 93.174 GHz reported by Turner (1974) might have been produced by the molecular ion N2H(+). It is pointed out that the identification of N2H(+) is reasonable also in terms of current ideas of interstellar chemistry.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When a planetary core composed of condensed matter accumulates in the primitive solar nebula, the gas in the nebula becomes gravitationally concentrated as an envelope about the planetary core. An analysis of models of such gaseous envelopes indicates that giant planets (such as Jupiter and Saturn) formed in a massive primitive solar nebula of the type constructed by Cameron and Pine (1973). When the mass of the accumulating planetary core becomes sufficiently great, the surrounding gaseous envelope will become hydrodynamically unstable against collapse onto the planetary core. Much of the surrounding gas also may be compressed onto the core by the background pressure of the gas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 22; Aug. 197
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  • 165
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A series of active cavity radiometers (ACRs) are described which have been developed as standard detectors for the accurate measurement of irradiance in absolute units. It is noted that the ACR is an electrical substitution calorimeter, is designed for automatic remote operation in any environment, and can make irradiance measurements in the range from low-level IR fluxes up to 30 solar constants with small absolute uncertainty. The instrument operates in a differential mode by chopping the radiant flux to be measured at a slow rate, and irradiance is determined from two electrical power measurements together with the instrumental constant. Results are reported for measurements of the solar constant with two types of ACRs. The more accurate measurement yielded a value of 136.6 plus or minus 0.7 mW/sq cm (1.958 plus or minus 0.010 cal/sq cm per min).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The paper reports on measurements taken of elemental abundances in two interplanetary dust grains. Meteoroidal residue found inside micrometeoritic craters was discovered by optically scanning the 800 sq cm aluminum surface of the S-228 transuranic cosmic-ray experiment exposed to space for 67d during the Skylab-IV mission. Crater analyses for two randomly sampled meteoroids showed a composition consistent with troilite in the 9 micron-minute particle. Chondritic abundances were found in the 30 micron-minute particle. Particles of similar size and chemistry were common in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. The inferred grain sizes within the 30 micron-minute particle provided evidence for the similarity to carbonaceous chondrites rather than to other meteorite types.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of nonthermal continuum radio emission at 750 MHz and hydrogen-line emission at 1420 MHz have been compared in order to test the extent to which cosmic-ray electrons, magnetic fields, and hydrogen gas coexist in the interstellar medium. If the interstellar medium is homogeneous in the sense that its constituents are mixed together and can interact, then regions of line and continuum emission should be spatially correlated. The measurements indicate that at most 28% of continuum emission in the Galaxy comes from such a homogeneous medium. The remaining nonthermal emission agrees in magnitude with the residual emission found by Berkhuijsen after subtraction of the polarized component of nonthermal emission. In addition, the data discussed here show that the major filamentary structures found in the two forms of emission rarely coincide spatially. Consequently, both the average and the exceptional structure in the medium indicate that the synchrotron-radiating magnetoplasma and the neutral hydrogen gas are not closely interacting in the present state of the medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Consistent data for more than 8 years have been obtained from two identical cosmic dust particle experiments on board the space probes Pioneer 8 and 9. The two spacecraft are in direct heliocentric orbits with perihelia between 0.75 AU and 1.00 AU. On the basis of the data it is concluded that the majority of dust particles having elliptical orbits detected by the two space probes show orbital characteristics of Apollo group asteroids which originated from residual nuclei of short-period comets.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec. 13
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  • 169
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The first systematic data from Apollo photogrammetry provide a high standard of accuracy for the depth/diameter relation of fresh lunar craters. Apollo depth-diameter results resemble results obtained by measuring shadows on Lunar Orbiter imagery. The depth-diameter distribution inflects at a crater diameter of 10 to 15 km. Lunar craters less than 15 km across are at least 50% deeper than older, telescopic data indicated, but larger craters are not much deeper. There is no marked depth-diameter difference between fresh upland and postmare craters. The new depth-diameter relation for small lunar craters resembles those of experimental and impact craters on earth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 23; 3, Oc; Oct. 197
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The behavior of the unsteady laminar boundary layer induced by the incident shock wave passing over a flat plate mounted in a shock tube has been experimentally studied for shock speeds ranging from 2.35 to 7.34 km/sec by measuring unsteady heat transfer rates to the plate using thin-film heat-flux gages. Theoretical heat-transfer rates were predicted from analytical solutions in the literature which describe the unsteady flat plate boundary layer development for equilibrium real-gas flows. Experimental results obtained for both air and nitrogen were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; May 1974
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  • 173
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; Mar. 197
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Medical and Biological Engineering; 12; May 1974
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a new method of writing the conservation equations of gasdynamics in curvilinear coordinates which eliminates undifferentiated terms. It is thus possible to readily apply difference schemes derived for Cartesian coordinates which conserve mass, momentum, and energy in the total flow field. The method is derived for orthogonal coordinates, and then extended to cover the most general class of coordinate transformations, using general tensor analysis. Several special features of the equations are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 14; Feb. 197
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The crew members on the last seven Apollo flights observed light flashes that are tentatively attributed to cosmic ray nuclei (atomic number equal to or greater than 6) penetrating the head and eyes of the observers. Analyses of the event rates for all missions has revealed an anomalously low rate for transearth coast observations with respect to translunar coast observations.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Science; 183; Mar. 8
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The purpose of the present note is to show that on a flat plate where both the wall temperature and mean wall pressure are constant, neither of the limitations of parallel flow or of unity for the turbulent Prandtl number are required in order for the Crocco solution to apply to the turbulent boundary-layer flow. It is shown herein that this result is subject to restrictions on the magnitude of pressure fluctuations. The same analysis is generalized to show that the compressible turbulent boundary layer on an isothermal swept flat plate is independent of the spanwise flow if the molecular Prandtl number is unity.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Feb. 197
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The various entry probes for measuring outer planetary atmospheric compositions are discussed. Considered are chemical components and physical accumulation processes observable by spectroscopic studies, as well as pressure gauges, temperature gauges, accelerometers, nephelometers, and visible and infrared sensors for determining abundances.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 23 p
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  • 179
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Candidate space missions to study the temperature profiles, and ratios of hydrogen to helium in outer planet atmospheres are discussed in terms of scientific payloads for optical occultation, radio occultation, and thermometer measurements.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 8 p
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recommended is a very simple probe on the Pioneer 8 mission with ESRO which does nothing more than enter the Jupiter atmosphere to make temperature and pressure measurements.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 11 p
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Ground based telescopic observations of Titan and outer planet atmospheres are evaluated for their abundances and an effort is made to deduce the various hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. Jupiter and Saturn atmospheres seem to have roughly solar abundances as far as hydrogen and methane are concerned; for Uranus, Titan and Neptune these ratios are way down.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 23 p
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Near infrared ice band measurements, radar and radio observations, and implications of the size estimates of particles in Saturn's rings are discussed. The measurements are compared to the Poynting-Robetson effect and a possible mechanism by which the size of the particles may significantly change after the initial formulation of the material in the rings is proposed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Rings of Saturn; p 107-123
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  • 183
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Outgassing of H and OH from Saturn's rings and the possibility of detecting it are examined. The source gas around the rings is computed after which the products of ice, H2O, H, and OH and the physical mechanisms that produce these species are given. Production rates for the ice products are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 125-129
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A 64m radar antenna was used to observe Saturn's rings at 12.6 cm wavelength, with reduced Doppler spread. The results show a positive radar return corresponding to about a 60 percent return from an isotropic scatterer with the projected area of the rings, allowing for the Cassini division. A radar spectrogram of the rings is shown with power density plotted against Doppler frequency shift.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 73-82
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  • 185
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: After adjusting for the decreased Sun-Saturn distance and adjusting all measurements to B ring values only, it is shown that the temperature variations are not as large as was thought. Various models of the multilayer agglomerate of particles of Saturn's rings are evaluated. It is recommended that the difference between the 11 and 20 micron brightness temperatures should be explained by a satisfactory model.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 65-72
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  • 186
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Spacecraft design is discussed for probing Saturn's rings. Ring particles are also considered, emphasizing material outside of ring A and the hazard this might imply to a spacecraft crossing the ring plane beyond ring A.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 29-38
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The probable chemistry of the Saturn rings is reviewed. Reflectance spectra for H20 and NH3 frosts and Saturn's rings are compared, along with temperature dependence of 1.6 microns water frost feature. The reflection spectra of Galilean satellite J2 and water frost are also reviewed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 51-63
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of multiple anisotropic scattering were calculated, including the solar penumbra effect for shadowing computations. The classical model was matched to observations, including the wavelength dependence, by varying the particle albedo as a function of wavelength. A scattering diagram is also presented showing the relative amount of primary and higher-order scattering necessary to match the B ring brightness and the shape of the phase curve.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 17-28
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  • 189
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The photometric phase curves of Saturn's rings are considered, as well as a conflict between dynamical and photometric models of the rings. The dependence of ring brightness on angular separation of the earth and sun as viewed from Saturn is discussed. The nonlinear brightness surge is interpreted. Some quantitative calculations were carried out for bodies in and near the asteroidal belt. Predicted density profiles of the ring obtained with Mimas in an eccentric orbit and in a circular orbit are also included.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 3-15
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The behavior of liquid floating zones in a zero-gravity environment was studied by Dr. E. Gibson on SL-4. These experiments were designed from the results of previous work on floating zones in a simulated zero-gravity model. Molten floating zones are used on earth for the crystal growth and zone refining of reactive materials. The Skylab studies give some insight into the problems associated with the development of the technique for the future space processing of materials. Preliminary results are presented on the stability of the liquid zone surface under static, rotational and vibrational conditions without gravitational constraints.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 837-856
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The importance of natural convection and other fluid motions in low-g space processing is now well recognized. Recent space experiments in the areas of natural convection and material processing, as well as results of theoretical studies, have yielded much needed information on fluid behavior in low-g environments. The state of knowledge of fluid motions in low-g environments is reviewed and the dimensional analysis approach used to assess the relative importances of various driving forces for fluid flow in four of the Skylab material processing experiments outlined. Results of dimensional analyses for the Skylab experiments, subsequently confirmed by actual space data, are presented. Finally, the limits of dimensional analysis in assessment studies are indicated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 691-727
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  • 192
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 11-34
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  • 193
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 1; p 1-10
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Olivine crystals in mare basalts 12004,8 and 12022,12 are normally zoned with Cr-poor rims. The Ni content of rare 2- to 10-micron metal inclusions in olivine decreases markedly as Fe/Mg in their immediate olivine hosts increases. Each metal grain appears to have been enclosed by late olivine almost immediately after it crystallized. The fractionation trend for the olivine and metal contrasts with the subsolidus equilibration trend for pallasites. For the basalts, not even local equilibrium of Fe, Ni and Co at metal/olivine interfaces can be detected by microprobe. Ni and Co concentrations range from about 300 ppm in olivine cores to about 70 ppm in rims. The limits of detection, at 95% confidence, are 36 ppm (Ni) and 25 ppm (Co). The distribution of Ni and Co in olivine, like that of Mg and Cr, records the depletion of these elements in the melt.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 24; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Eight of eleven Apollo 16 rake-sample anorthosites are very similar to each other, to hand-specimen Apollo 16 anorthosites, and to Apollo 15 anorthosites. They have feldspar An-96.6, both high- and low-Ca pyroxene with a restricted range of (low-magnesium) composition, minor olivine, traces of ilmenite and chromite, and originally coarse-grained, but now cataclastic texture. Such ferroan anorthosite is evidently a coherent, distinctive and widespread lunar rock type of cumulate origin which may not necessarily be very closely related genetically to other highland rock types.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 24; 1; Nov. 197
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 3, De; Dec. 197
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  • 197
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Stellar winds from a binary star will interact with each other along a contact discontinuity. We discuss qualitatively the geometry of the flow and field resulting from this interaction in the simplest case where the stars and winds are identical. We consider the shape of the critical surface (defined as the surface where the flow speed is equal to the sound speed) as a function of stellar separation and the role of shock waves in the flow field. The effect of stellar spin and magnetic sectors on the field configuration is given. The relative roles of mass loss and magnetic torque in the evolution of orbital parameters are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 198
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A search was conducted for the three 9-cm transitions of the ground state Lambda-doublet of CH in comet Kohoutek, using the CSIRO 64-m radio telescope and the Onsala Space Observatory's 25.6-m telescope. No lines were detected during the observing periods, and upper limits are given for the corresponding antenna temperatures.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 199
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nine transitions of the possible parent molecules H2O, NH3, CH3OH and N2O as well as the OH radical were searched for in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) in the frequency range 22.2-25.2 GHz. These molecules were not detected, but the upper limits for the optical depth, mean column density and the production rate are derived for each of the molecules. These results are discussed and compared with the reported detections of HCN and CH3CN emission and OH absorption.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The model derived for the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek describes it as a flat formation, confined essentially to the comet's orbit plane and composed of relatively heavy particles (mostly in the size range 0.1-1 mm) whose motions are controlled by solar gravity and solar radiation pressure. Almost all the material was produced by the comet before perihelion at a rate about an order of magnitude higher than for Comets Arend-Roland and Bennett. The latent heat of vaporization of the particle material is estimated at 40-45 kcal/mole or higher.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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