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  • Organic Chemistry  (5,373)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (2,550)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,541)
  • ddc:330
  • 1970-1974  (6,925)
  • 1935-1939  (2,539)
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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The West German tracking stations are equipped with ballistic cameras. Plate measurement and plate reduction must therefore follow photogrammetric methods. Approximately 100 star positions and 200 satellite positions are measured on each plate. The mathematical model for spatial rotation of the bundle of rays is extended by including terms for distortion and internal orientation of the camera as well as by providing terms for refraction which are computed for the measured coordinates of the star positions on the plate. From the measuring accuracy of the plate coordinates it follows that the timing accuracy for the exposures has to be about one millisecond, in order to obtain a homogeneous system.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 155-160
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The design, development, and construction of two types of active thermal-control systems are described. These designs are based on the controlled angular deflections of spiral-wound bimetallic actuators. The use of these actuators and lightweight louvers results in a frictionless system that is low in weight yet simple in design and low in cost. Both designs exhibit high reliability, good performance repeatability, and do not require power from the spacecraft. Design philosophy and implementation, design tradeoffs, and materials selection are reviewed. The test program is described, and results are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 165-170
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A nonlinear structural analysis, employing the nonlinear damper characteristics obtained from a damper test, was successfully performed on the Mariner spacecraft's solar-panel system, and the result was compared with results from a system-level spacecraft test in which some solar-panel tip dampers bottomed at a certain frequency. The analysis showed that the damper bottoming was attributable to a jump phenomenon that can result when a damper's response is not single-valued at some frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 59-64
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  • 104
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A dual-spin spacecraft is a spin-stabilized spacecraft consisting of two major structures. Momentum is stored in the spinning wheel, while the sail, or platform, can be despun at various rates about the spacecraft axis. Factors that affect the design of nutation-control systems for single- and dual-spin spacecraft are discussed. The nutation-control system of the Orbiting Solar Observatory spacecraft is described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 87-95
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  • 105
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Structural design for large spaceborne telescopes
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 351-357
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  • 106
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design of 3 meter orbital telescope
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 55-64
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  • 107
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Structures and subsystems of space telescopes for OAO program
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 41-54
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Proton degradation of aluminum mirror surfaces with overcoatings of magnesium fluoride or lithium fluoride
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 213-217
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Combination shutter and filter changing mechanism of spacecraft vidicon camera operating on Mariner Mars 69 and 71 spacecraft
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: PROC. OF THE 4TH AEROSPACE MECH. SYMP. 15 JAN. 1970; P 75-81
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  • 110
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Instrumentation and control subsystem for closed ecological life support system
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: TRADE-OFF STUDY AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS OF REGENERATIVE ADVANCED INTEGRATED LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS JAN. 1970; P 519-571
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Performance characteristics of Plumbicon camera tube and flyback highlight-discharge electron gun
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 571-582
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Polarized and red- and blue-filter photographs of zodiacal light obtained by Apollo 17 are analyzed. Attempts were made to identify the cause of subtle change in the observed light and determine the dust composition of the light. A comparison of red and blue images indicates such changes may be caused by particle size distribution and range, number of particles along any given line of sight, particle surface characteristics including dielectric compared to metallic properties, and variations of the parameters as a function of distance from the sun.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effect of reading error on two hypothetical slope frequency distributions and two slope frequency distributions from actual lunar data in order to ensure that these errors do not cause excessive overestimates of algebraic standard deviations for the slope frequency distributions. The errors introduced are insignificant when the reading error is small and the slope length is large. A method for correcting the errors in slope frequency distributions is presented and applied to 11 distributions obtained from Apollo 15, 16, and 17 panoramic camera photographs and Apollo 16 metric camera photographs.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 114
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Photographic results obtained during the Apollo 17 flight for the near terminator and earthshine conditions are discussed. Lunar surface photographs taken in the vicinity of the sunshine terminator provide important information that is not obtained on photographs taken at higher sun evaluation angles. Earthshine photography also provides data on low relief, crater morphology, and small scale structures. Examples of photographs of the lunar surface taken under both conditions are provided.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: The development of rapid and accurate wind tunnel techniques to measure convective heating distributions in complex reentry configurations is discussed. Major emphasis was put on the infrared camera technique. Its essence is the measurement of infrared emission from the surface of a wind tunnel model as a function of time. Prior calibration of the infrared camera relates the emission to the surface temperature of the model. The time history of the surface temperature can then be related to the heating rate by standard techniques. The output of the camera is an electrical signal that is tape-recorded in analog form, then digitized and processed by computer, so that automated and relatively rapid data reduction can be accomplished. In addition, the camera produces real-time visual displays of the infrared emission as pictures on an oscilloscope screen. These pictures give immediate indications of hot and cool spots on the model.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 645-660
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A two-coordinate optical-mechanical scanning device (OMSD), the operating unit of which is a scanning disk, with directional and focusing optics and a board, on which the data carrier is placed, is examined. The disk and board are kinematically connected by a transmission mechanism, consisting of a worm and complex gear drive and a tightening screw-nut with correcting device, and it is run by a synchronous type motor. The dynamic errors in the system depend, first, on irregularities in rotation of the disk, fluctuations in its axis and vibrations of the table in the plane parallel to the plane of the disk. The basic sources of the fluctuations referred to above are residual disbalance of the rotor and other rotating masses, the periodic component of the driving torque of the synchronous motor, variability in the resistance, kinematic errors in the drive and other things. The fluctuations can be transmitted to the operating units through the kinematic link as a flexural-torsional system, as well as through vibrations of the housing of the device.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 301-305
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  • 117
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Suspensions for carrying out experimental investigations, for the purpose of studying a number of problems in dynamics and stability of a suspended cylindrical body at various dynamic loads were investigated in the work. The results of the experimental investigations served as a basis for building a stand with a variable resonator. The experimental stand for suspension of cylindrical object, with a comparatively high natural free vibration frequency in the vertical direction, coinciding with the axis of the suspended object, is distinguished by the possibility of regulating the size of the clearance and is intended for carrying out preliminary experimental studies, for the purpose of selection of optimum aerostatic suspension parameters.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 289-291
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The effects of transverse waves and longitudinal displacements on transverse displacements in a plate are studied using a three component vibration sensor. Limitations of using the sensor in such measurements are: (1) sensor connection to the plate leads to changes in transverse displacement points on the plate surface, (2) the sensor has a finite magnitude of selectivity with respect to vibrations in the direction of the different channel axes, (3) longitudinal displacements of plate surface create restrictions on relative sensitivity of sensor to longitudinal-transverse waves, and (4) tranverse displacement of plate surface during longitudinal wave propagation also creates a restriction on sensor sensitivity to transverse waves.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 190-192
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The properties and peculiarities of two groups of measuring systems reacting to vibrations are discussed. Specifically, results of the action of a three dimensional, cophasal, monoharmonic vibration on the linear system of a measuring instrument was analyzed. Data are also given on the connection between vibration sensitivity and vibration resistance for instruments, methods for estimating vibration resistance, and formulas for expressing test results of vibration resistance. Experimental data are also given for decreasing errors in nonlinear systems during vibrations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 188-189
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Electromechanical vibration inducers with high reliability and low noise level were created to study premature operating losses in their support bearings. An investigation was also made of the feasibility of developing stable synchronous operation of two vibrational inducers, rigidily fastened to a solid body with and without flexible suspension.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 176-178
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The use of a directional receiving system to detect noise sources masked by isotropic noise field interference at distances comparable with the distance between the two receivers, was discussed. Wide band noise was also examined. Results indicate the following limitations must be considered when using the method: (1) the system is directional only in the plane of the base, (2) directional power of the system is impaired with a decrease in the bandwidth of the noise source spectrum, (3) the system does not permit unambiguous determination of the direction to noise sources, located on both sides of the base line, and (4) the system has a comparatively low output signal-to-noise ratio.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 171-175
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: High resolution film was used to measure solar ultraviolet irradiation at a wavelength of 254 nanometers between energy levels of 3 x 10 to the minus 7 power and 130 x 10 to the minus 7 power joules (3 and 130 ergs). The results imply that the film recorded exposure to energy levels from 2.5 to 13 times the expected values. These high values are being evaluated for the influences of other factors that could affect the recorded values.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 155-168
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  • 123
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A software/hardware system designed and developed to perform automated video imagery analysis is described. Major elements included in the analysis system are: (1) sampling oscilloscope; (2) programmable trigger unit; (3) central computer; and (4) software processing library. The function of the scope and trigger unit, in conjunction with the control computer, is to digitize the selected portion of the video image and store as amplitude and time data in computer memory. Evaluation of the video data, analogus to interpretation of a visual image, is accomplished by the processing software. It is indicated that this technique of video image analysis is applicable to a wide variety of nonaerospace applications involving video data and image analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 181-188
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  • 124
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Magnesium fluoride- and lithium fluoride-optical coatings for aluminum mirror in space astronomy
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 302-305
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The cuvettes for the flight hardware used in the Microbial Response to Space Environment Experiment (M191) were loaded with the biological test systems according to the methods described. After the flight, the experiment package was returned and dismantled. Then, the individual cuvettes were removed from the hardware and unloaded according to the procedures described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 41-48
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Exposure of test systems in space required the fabrication of specialized hardware termed a Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device that had individual test chambers and a complex optical filter system. The characteristics of this device and the manner in which it was deployed in space are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 21-39
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  • 127
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Optical electron beam recording system for ATS television camera
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 350-353
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  • 128
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Design and performance of extreme ultraviolet optical telescope for space astronomy
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 295-298
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Earth resources analyses by multispectral terrain photography with Apollo 9 cameras
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 5-10
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The basic sources of vibration in electrical machines are identified as: (1) unbalanced masses of the rotor, (2) condition of the bearings, and (3) the electromagnetic field gap. Methods for improving the vibration characteristics of electrical machines are proposed. A mathematical model is developed for calculating the damping elements located between the bearings and the mounts.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 235-238
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  • 131
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A silicon vidicon camera was designed, built, and tested to determine its potential for use aboard future Mariner spacecraft. Slow scan operation is made possible by cooling the vidicon to -40 C. Cooling is achieved by a simple thermal condition path between the vidicon and a radiator mounted on top of the camera head. The camera was successfully operated under simulated space flight conditions and has survived vibration designed to simulate the launch of a Mariner spacecraft. A description of the camera and its operation along with the results of the testing is presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 2 (NASA-CR-133863); p 27-36
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Problems of laboratory simulation of artificial earth satellite flight conditions in the ionosphere are examined, and a setup capable of reproducing the basic parameters of ion flows (with energies of 5-10 eV, energy spectrum width approximately 2x5 eV, and an intensity of 10 to the minus 8th power a/cm/2) past measurement instruments and satellite models is described. Possibilities for further improvement of the apparatus are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 282-291
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A real time, computerized, measurement method for the effective perceived noise level is reported that uses comparison of two sounds differing in level and frequency to obtain the noise intensity emitted by aircraft and to calculate human psychoacoustic annoyance reactions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 224-232
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An objective method and apparatus for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcar engines are reported. The method and apparatus let us know whether the noisiness of the vehicle under test exceeds the admissible threshold levels given by appropriate standards and if so what is the main source of the excessive noise. The method consists in measuring both the overall noise level and the sound pressure levels in definite frequency bands while the engine speed is controlled as well and may be fixed at prescribed values. Whenever the individually adjusted threshold level has been exceeded in any frequency band, a self-sustaining control signal is sent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 198-204
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  • 135
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A seismic torsiometer is described which is based on the reception by a photosensitive transducer of a light flux modulated by a relative rotation of the optical axes of two polaroids. The torsional vibrations of the polaroid fixed to the shaft are transmitted to the other polaroid (which at the same time is the seismic mass of the apparatus) by means of elastic lamellas. The device can work as accelerometer, vibrometer or frequency meter, depending on the value of the ratio between the proper oscillation frequency of the seismic system and the measured vibration frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 68-72
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The demands placed upon vibration and noise measuring instruments are discussed. The instruments that are now being manufactured in the RSR are described, as well as those that are being made ready for manufacture, namely: the VP-3 portable vibrometer, the N2103 precision electronic vibrometer, the N2103 B sonometric preamplifier, as well as vibration transducers of the electrodynamic and piezoelectric types.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 62-67
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: After discussing the principal calibration methods for piezoelectric accelerometers, an experimental setup for accelerometer calibration by the reciprocity method is described It is shown how the use of a lock-in voltmeter eliminates errors due to viscous damping and electrical loading.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 55-61
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An absolute two-sided radiometer, designed on the principle of replacing absorbed radiant energy with electrical energy, is described. The sensitive element of the detector is a thermoelectric transducer of thermal flux. The fabrication technology, methods of measurement, technical characteristics, and general operation of the instrument are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 95-101
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  • 139
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An analysis was made of Apollo 17 solar corona photographs in an effort to identify coronal streamers observed from earth. The photographs corroborate earth based observations; moreover, visual observations made by the Apollo crew indicate clearly identifiable streamers which extend to approximately 100 solar radii.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The performance and operation of the Apollo 17 laser altimeter after several modifications are discussed. Functions of the instrument include precise altitude measurement of the CSM above the lunar surface, and measurement of broad scale topographic relief around the entire circumference of the moon.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Sun elevation angle effects on repeatability, using Apollo 15 photographs are analyzed and results extended to slope related effects. Preliminary results indicate repeatibility of elevation measurement is related to contrast in the stereoscopic image.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 142
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The photographic objectives of the Apollo 17 mission are discussed. The photographic requirements are divided into lunar surface photographs and orbital photographic tasks. The cameras used during the mission are listed and a general description of the tasks for which each was used is provided. Examples of photographs taken during lunar orbit and on the lunar surface are included. The cameras used and the photographic coverage obtained during specific phases of the mission are reported.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 32 p
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The actual values of the parameters of a precision instrument assembly vibration system are determined according to experimental amplitude-frequency characteristics. The assembly is considered as a complex mechanical vibrating system, consisting of elements with concentrated and distributed parameters. A calculation procedure was compiled.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 36-37
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: An automatic decoder is described that counts noise levels by pulse counters and forms audio signals proportional in duration to the total or to one of the octave noise levels. Automatic ten fold repetition of the measurement cycle is provided at each measurement point before the transition to a new point is made.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 25-27
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The schematic diagram of a noise measuring device is presented that uses pulse expansion modeling according to the peak or any other measured values, to obtain instrument readings at a very low noise error.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 10-12
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: On-line devices are described for measuring the electrical spectrum of a signal in the presence of full scale noise and vibrations. The system includes a set of parallel filters with detectors at the filtration channel outlet. A reciprocal spectral density matrix is used to process the information contained in the interacting signals from various noise and vibration sources.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 3-6
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: An experimental model of a mechanical spectrometer is reported that permits vibration measurements at 297 points on a mechanical device and processes this information by digital computer for automatic printout.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 1-2
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: A simulation study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a simple head-up display in improving glide-slope tracking performance during steep visual approaches in a STOL aircraft. The head-up display featured an attitude-stabilized horizon bar and glide-slope reference bar parallel to and 7.5 deg below the horizon bar. On some approaches a flight-path marker symbol showing the projected ground impact point was also displayed. Half of the approaches were flown in a conventional mode in which the pilot changed pitch attitude to correct for height errors. The remaining approaches were flown in a direct-lift mode in which the pilot modulated thrust to change the flight-path angle without pitching the aircraft.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 227-243
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Some attempts to produce, with an AP/C analytical plotter, stereo models using Mariner 9 pictures are reported. The first attempt using geometrically uncorrected mission test video system (MTVS) imagery failed; the second, using corrected reduced data record (RDR) pictures also failed, probably because they were reconstructed through a vidicon display which introduces additional distortion. By using images obtained from RDR tape data through the Optronics Photowrite device, models were successfully obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 587-592
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Selected results are presented for a considerable quantity of Mariner 9 1304-A data for the first 100 revolutions from both the bright limb and disk of Mars. The limb data suggest that the exospheric temperature is less than it was in 1969 when Mariners 6 and 7 encountered the planet. Similar (O) concentrations (0.5 to 1%) are derived for a temperature of about 300 K. Structure in the limb profiles below 200 km suggests the possibility that about 0.2 kR of the observed approximately 0.8 kR near 150 km is due to dissociative excitation of CO2. Significant differences in selected limb profiles suggest that local as well as random variations in (O) occur.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 355-368
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: On Mars, the Mariner observations show a twenty-fold variation in the amount of ozone, depending on the presence or absence of another minor constituent, water vapor, in the atmosphere. In the evolution of earth's primitive atmosphere, the formation of an ozone layer may have played an important role in the prebiotic chemistry that took place on the surface. The seasonal formation and disappearance of ozone in the contemporary Martian atmosphere may be of consequence in any prebiotic chemistry that may be occurring there.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 369-372
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  • 152
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Photographic data and microwave emission images from the Great Lake ice formation are compared for their applicability to commercial shipping interests. A synoptic view of the microwave radiation from the lake area ice shows a large variation in brightness temperature. The snow ice appears to have the highest microwave brightness temperatures, whereas the thick clear ice shows up some 30 degrees kelvin colder, and the thin clear ice is colder still with a 1.55 cm radiation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 187-189
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The possibility of no-contact measurement of the tension on a moving magnetic tape, assuming the tape is uniform, is discussed. A scheme for calculation of the natural frequency of transverse vibrations of magnetic tape is shown. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters. The method is applicable to the analysis of accurate tape feed mechanisms design.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 229-231
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A method is proposed for accounting for instrumental distortions in linear systems with known dynamic characteristics.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 193-194
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Large area parallel-plate pulse ionization chamber for high altitude balloon measurements of relativistic cosmic ray heavy nuclei
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 331-335. (
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photoionization mass spectrometry, considering application to appearance potentials determination, ion-neutral reactions and gas analysis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 23-26, 28, 30 (
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  • 157
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Variable sweep rate frequency response and vibration testing for test time reduction, using closed loop controller for sweep rate modulation
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 23-26, 28, 30 (
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Checking method for reflection-type holographic system behavior, emphasizing critical stability of glass plate
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IENCES (
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Liquid Xe filled single wire proportional and multiple wire ionization chambers, measuring gain and time/spatial resolution properties
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 29 (
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Image intensifier tube coupled to smoothing dissector to improve SNR in electronic scanning spectrometer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IBRATIONAL COMBUSTIO
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Active cavity radiometric and international pyrheliometric scales comparison and solar constant from simultaneous solar irradiance measurements
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 162
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Magnetic mirror system measured axial energy distribution of electron beams conversion to equivalent electrostatic analyzer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical aperture configurations effect on image performance, discussing large telescope systems design criteria
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Color and color IR films for soil identification, performing optical density measurements on film transparencies with densitometer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Sapphire windowed argon filled tungsten ribbon filament lamp in vacuum UV for application in photomultiplier quantum efficiency calibration
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; FORMATSIONNYE MATERI
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measuring instrument for amorphous and polycrystalline materials resistivity and Seebeck coefficient as function of temperature and pressure
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Prelaunch automatic azimuth alignment theodolites for Saturn 1B and Saturn 5 space vehicles inertial guidance system, discussing return images separation and error signal generation
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; BROTECHNIKA, NO. 1(
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  • 168
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Lunar surface photography, presenting photographs viewed in stereo without stereoscope
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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  • 169
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Coherent noise elimination in coherent light imaging systems by time averaging noise concentrations through lens rotation about optical axis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Pulverized volcanogenic products and chemicals polarizing properties determination, applying to lunar surface layer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mariner photometric data, examining variations in Martian surface limb darkening with reciprocity principle
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; SEARCH(
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High impedance source with shunt capacitance, discussing periodic output measurement using operational amplifier
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 403 (
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  • 173
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Holography theory, analyzing coherent, incoherent and modulated incoherent forms in SNR terms
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Meteorological TV imaging systems development in last decade, including low and synchronous altitude camera, sensors, orthicons, etc
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Encircled energy calculation in optical systems with central obstruction, observing focus error, spherical aberration and central stop effects on image contrast
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 47 (
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurements have been made of the efficiency in detecting gamma rays of a 0.3-mm-, 3-mm-, and 5-mm-thick silicon detector covered with different absorbers. Calibrated sources over the range from 279 keV to 2.75 MeV were used. The need for the absorbers to obtain meaningful results and their contribution to the response of the detectors at electron biases from 50 to 200 keV are discussed in detail. It is shown that the results are virtually independent of the atomic number of the absorber. In addition, the role of the absorber in increasing the efficiency with increasing photon energy for low bias settings is demonstrated for the 0.3-mm crystal. Qualitative explanations are given for the shapes of all curves of efficiency versus energy at each bias.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Science and Engineering; 47; Apr. 197
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A TV image of the entire sun while an importance 2N solar flare was in progress was recorded in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation band 171-630 A and was transmitted to ground from an Aerobee-150 rocket on Nov. 4, 1969 using S-band telemetry. The camera tube was a SEC vidicon, with its fiber optic faceplate coated with an XUV-to-visible conversion layer of p-quaterphenyl. The XUV passband was produced by three 1000-A thick aluminum filters in series together with the platinized reflecting surface of the off-axis paraboloid that imaged the sun. A number of images were recorded with integration times between 1/30 sec and 2 sec. Reconstruction of pictures was enhanced by combining several to reduce the noise.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 11; May 1972
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The pressure-modulated carbon dioxide radiometer is a new kind of instrument capable of making temperature soundings in the 40-80-km region of the earth's atmosphere. It is intended to be mounted on a polar-orbiting satellite, where it will give global coverage of the upper atmosphere in a region that is not well understood at present but that is, as rocket soundings show, clearly the seat of many interesting and vigorous phenomena. The new technique employs a cell containing carbon dioxide as a filter. The pressure and hence transmission of this cell is periodically modulated, resulting in the selection of thermal radiation from the strong lines in the spectrum of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This radiation originates at levels in the atmosphere where the pressure is low. The energy grasp of the device is large enough to give high sensitivity.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 11; Jan. 197
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A stage and measuring microscope servocontrolled by a computer have been constructed. The travel of the stage is 0.5 x 0.5 m and the travel of the microscope objective is 7.5 cm. The measuring accuracy is 1 micron in the x-y plane and 5 microns along the z axis. The mechanical and optical construction of the stage and microscope, as well as the way in which the control electronics are organized, permit great flexibility of operation. Possible applications include the scanning and measuring of astronomical plates, the laying out of patterns of semiconductor devices of very large sizes, and the measurement of precision grids.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 42; Nov. 197
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  • 180
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method for measurement of temperature in the earth's lower thermosphere from a high-velocity probes is described. An undisturbed atmospheric sample is admitted to the instrument by means of a free molecular flow inlet system of skimmers which avoids surface collisions of the molecules prior to detection. Measurement of the time-of-flight distribution of an initially well-localized group of nitrogen metastable molecular states produced in an open, crossed electron-molecular beam source, yields information on the atmospheric temperature. It is shown that for high vehicle velocities, the time-of-flight distribution of the metastable flux is a sensitive indicator of atmospheric temperature. The temperature measurement precision should be greater than 94% at the 99% confidence level over the range of altitudes from 120-170 km. These precision and altitude range estimates are based on the statistical consideration of the counting rates achieved with a multichannel analyzer using realistic values for system parameters.
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determination of the total pressure in a calibration volume by measuring the force on a thin circular disk, of accurately known area, that is freely suspended in a hole in the container wall, so that the disk is substantially flush with the wall. The disk almost fills the hole, so that there is a narrow annular gap. A continuous flow of calibrating gas, injected into the container in order to maintain a desired pressure, passes through the annular gap to a diffusion pump. The ratio of pressures on the two faces of the disk is of the order of 100:1, so that downstream pressure need be known only nominally in order to deduce the upstream surface. Force on the disk is measured by a balance that is calibrated in situ with dead weights. In one arrangement, pressures in the range from 10 to 500 microtorr were measured with an estimated probable error of (1 microtorr + 1%).
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a method that would permit a satellite-borne neutral mass spectrometer to measure the atmospheric temperature. The spectrometer examines the partial pressure variations that occur as the wake of a small rectangular baffle is swept across the entrance orifice of the spectrometer. For a given baffle size and for a mounting distance from the orifice, the depth of the resulting pressure minimum depends only on the thermal velocity or temperature of the observed species. The validity of the method can be checked by measuring the wake characteristics of more than one species and/or by employing each of several baffle sizes. The theory includes the effect of a finite orifice size, finite baffle length, and the backscattering of particles from the baffle into the orifice. It is found that a suitable baffle arrangement can be achieved that will permit the temperature to be measured over at least the range normally encountered in the thermosphere (200 to 2000 K) and, depending on the sensitivity and background pressure of the spectrometer, over an altitude range of about 140 to 600 km.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; Apr. 1
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  • 183
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a new method which makes it possible to reduce drastically the resolution-limiting influence of chromatic aberration, and thus to obtain high-quality images, by selecting the image-forming electrons that have passed through a small annular zone of an objective lens. In addition, the manufacture of special objective-lens aperture diaphragms that are needed for this method is also described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 20; Feb. 1
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of the design features and operation of a new multichannel solar spectrometer to be used for ground-based observations of active regions whose X-ray and EUV emissions are studied by the OSO-H and other satellites. The electronic systems associated with the instrument include (1) an electrooptical guider controlled by a punched paper tape capable of making raster scans of selected portions of the solar disk, (2) a programmer unit that applies paper-tape commands to various portions of the instrument, (3) a closed-loop servosystem for the vacuum heliostat, (4) stepping motor controls for spectral scans, (5) a 40-channel photomultiplier readout, and (6) a magnetometer. Preliminary solar observations indicate satisfactory performance of the system.
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  • 185
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Aspects of the Large Space Telescope project (LST) as it is developing at the Goddard Space Flight Center are presented and a brief discussion is given of the types of observing program that might be handled. The special characteristics of an LST are large light-gathering power, good spectral efficiency from 900 A to 5 microns, near diffraction limited performance, launch by the space shuttle into a low orbit like that of the Orbiting Astronomical Observatories, and a lifetime of at least 10 years. A basic set of instruments to be used with the telescope might include on-axis cameras with broad-band filter response, an imaging spectrograph, a low-resolution spectrograph, a high-resolution spectrograph, spectrum scanners, narrow-band photometers, interferometers for use in the near infrared, polarimeters for use in the ultraviolet, and provision for measuring the time variations of the light from astronomical objects on a scale of milli-seconds as well as on a scale of minutes, hours, days, and weeks.
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  • 186
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A color-schlieren technique is described that combines the flow-field shock shapes and the phase-change coating to give a very descriptive account of aerodynamic heating. This technique employs, in addition to the conventional schlieren system, a temperature-sensitive material as a thin surface coating that undergoes a visible phase change from opaque solid to clear liquid at a known temperature. The resulting pictures can lead to a better understanding of shock/boundary layer interactions, as shown with the aid of a specific example.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 10; Apr. 197
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Our method of matrix synthesis of optical components and instruments is applied to the derivation of Jones's matrices appropriate for Fourier interferometers (spectrometers and spectropolarimeters). These matrices are obtained for both the source beam and the detector beam. In the course of synthesis, Jones's matrices of the various reflectors (plane mirrors; retroreflectors: roofed mirror, trihedral and prism cube corner, cat's eye) used by these interferometers are also obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary results of hypersonic helium tunnel investigations of whether disturbance measurements in the freestream alone are adequate to describe the model boundary-layer input disturbances, or whether the model shock wave changes the freestream disturbances before they reach the model boundary layer. It was found that the spectra in the freestream are typical of the wide band turbulence as it exists for sound radiated from a turbulent boundary layer. In the shock layer some redistribution of the spectra seems to occur, especially at the highest stagnation pressure, but the more interesting feature is the gradual development of a discrete component, around 70 kHz in the spectra. This feature is believed to be associated with boundary-layer transition.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 9; Dec. 197
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  • 189
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical enhancement of photomultipliers extended to UV wavelengths, using suprasil and spectrosil fused silica with high flat transmission curves as optical materials
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; PORTS OF STATISTICAL
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thickness monitoring technique for thin films, using silicon solar cell mounted adjacent to substrate with iron deposition
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 121- 147. (
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Paraterphenyl coated photomultiplier as detector in far UV spectra, detailing efficiency range and sensitivity
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; VIGATION (
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Simultaneous two magnetometer measurements of weak magnetic fields in interplanetary space, near moon and planets by satellites in presence of spacecraft field
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 1 (
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  • 193
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High temperature permeameter for measuring magnetizing force or magnetic induction in vacuum or inert atmosphere
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Michelson interferometer onboard Nimbus 4 satellite for recording earth IR emission spectrum
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Paired comparison tests of relative signal detected by capacitive and floating Langmuir probes in steady state turbulent plasma confined in magnetic mirror geometry
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; HEORETICAL PROBLEMS
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Shielded fine wire probe for total temperature rapid measurement in high speed flows, discussing construction and theoretical considerations
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IENCES (
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ion acoustic waves propagation and structure measurements with metal electrode technique and continuous channel electron multiplier in plasma wind tunnel
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 198
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cold cathode ionization gages dynamic pressure response as function of gas pulse mean speed and gas type, using magnetron test measurements
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 199
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electromagnetic device with superconducting elements for magnetic monopole detection in Apollo lunar samples, describing operation principle, amplifier, sample container and transport system
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Design curve for estimating conduction heat transfer liquid He cryostats with vapor-cooled vent tubes
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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