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  • pheromone  (60)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Springer  (95)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1975-1979  (95)
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  • Springer  (95)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered patterns of protein synthesis induced by heat shock of yeast (1979)
    Springer
    Current genetics 1 (1979), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Translation ; Coordinate regulation ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The products of protein synthesis from exponential phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown at 23 °C or at 36 °C appear to be essentially identical. However, yeast cells respond to a shift in culture temperature from 23 °C to 36 °C with the rapid de novo synthesis of a polypeptide species of molecular weight 100,000. Within 60–90 min after the shift this polypeptide represents approximately 2.5% of the total cellular protein, a 5–10 fold increase over the preshift level. The level of this polypeptide then decreases with continued growth of the cells at 36 °C. Analyses by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides obtained from cells pulse labeled with [35S]methionine demonstrate that following a temperature shift from 23 °C to 36 °C the synthetic rate of the 100,000 molecular weight polypeptide (as well as a number of other polypeptide species) increases to a level at least 10 fold higher than that observed prior to the shift. A concomittant decrease is observed in the synthesis of a large number of polypeptide species which were actively synthesized before the shift. Maximum changes in synthetic rates are observed 20–30 min after the shift and preshift synthetic patterns are regained within 60–90 min. Synthetic changes of the same magnitude and time course can be produced by short (20–30 min) exposures to 36 °C implicating a heat shock response. Several of the transiently induced polypeptides, including the 100,000 molecular weight species, show an affinity for DNA as determined by DNA-cellulose chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free tryptophan pool and tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anthranilate synthase ; Cell permeabilisation ; Indoleglycerolphosphate synthase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes ; Tryptophan pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The free tryptophan pool and the levels of two enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis (anthranilate synthase and indoleglycerolphosphate synthase) have been determined in a wild type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mutants with altered regulatory properties. The tryptophan pool of wild type cells growing in minimal medium is 0.07 μmole per g dry weight. Addition of anthranilate, indole or tryptophan to the medium produces a fifteen- to forty-fold increase in tryptophan pool, but causes no repression of the biosynthetic enzymes. Inclusion of 5-methyltryptophan in the growth medium causes a reduction in growth rate and a derepression of the biosynthetic enzymes, and this is shown here not to be correlated with a decrease in the free tryptophan pool. Mutants with an altered anthranilate synthase showing decreased sensitivity to inhibition by l-tryptophan or by the analogue dl-5-methyltryptophan have a tryptophan pool far higher than the wild type strain, but no repression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was observed. Mutants with an anthranilate synthase more sensitive to tryptophan inhibition show a slightly reduced tryptophan pool, but no derepression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was found. A mutant with constitutively derepressed levels of the biosynthetic enzymes shows a considerably increased tryptophan pool. Addition of 5-methyltryptophan to the growth medium of non-derepressible mutants causes a decrease in growth rate accompanied by a decrease in the tryptophan pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446842
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some physiological observations on the uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose by starving and exponentially-growing yeasts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeasts ; Sugars ; d-Glucose ; 2-Deoxy-d-glucose ; Pichia pinus ; Transport ; Starvation ; Exponential growth ; Methodology ; Candida utilis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Rhodosporidium toruloides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some methods for measuring the uptake of sugars by yeasts were investigated critically. A study was made of the effects of starvation of Pichia pinus, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium toruloides on their uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Marked changes in the rates of uptake of these sugars occurred during 10 h of starvation, including (a) an immediate increase of up to 75% above that for growing cells and (b) a continuous decline to as little as 4%. Each yeast behaved differently. The rates did not remain constant during the periods of starvation often used for studies on the transport of sugars into yeasts. For Pichia pinus, there were striking differences, associated with starvation, between the transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-glucose, despite evidence that the two sugars enter this yeast by means of the same carrier. Some physiological explanations for these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446567
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo and in vitro studies on the glucose dependent inactivation of yeast cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Malate dehydrogenase ; Inactivation ; Glucose metabolism ; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Glyoxylate cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to be inactivated by a glucose dependent process. In this paper it is shown that in vivo effectors of the glucose metabolism (arsenate, iodoacetate, acetaldehyde) inhibit the inactivation or change the inactivation kinetics. In vitro it was possible to inactivate the malate dehydrogenase by addition of the glucose metabolite glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The physiological relevance of this modification and the effect of malate dehydrogenase inactivation on the glyoxylate cycle in yeast is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427845
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ study of the glycolytic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Glycolytic pathway ; Fermentation rate ; Protein concentration ; Kinetic parameters ; Glycolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. The problem of the influence of protein concentration on the kinetic parameters of enzymes has been approached studying the glycolytic enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in permeabilized cells (in situ). 2. The values of K m and V max for the different enzymes were essentially the same in dilute solutions of protein and in concentrated ones (in situ) except in the case of enolase where some differences were observed. 3. Functioning of the whole glycolytic pathway was compared in situ and in vitro measuring the rate of the fermentation of glucose. The rate of fermentation in situ was two fold higher than in vitro and the lag before active fermentation was also much shorter. 4. An unidentified phosphorylated compound, possibly polyphosphate, accumulates during the fermentation of glucose under in situ conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and accumulation of thallium in bacteria and yeast (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thallium accumulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Escherichia coli ; Bacillus megaterium KM ; Thallium toxicity ; Potassium ; Microbial growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thallium sulphate inhibited microbial growth, withBacillus megaterium KM, more sensitive to the metal thanSaccharomyces cerevisiae andEscherichia coli. Inhibition ofB. megaterium KM andS. cerevisiae, but not ofE. coli, was alleviated by increasing the potassium concentration of the medium; inhibition of respiration ofS. cerevisiae, but not ofE. coli, was similarly alleviated. Thallium was rapidly bound, presumably to cell surfaces, byS. cerevisiae andE. coli, and was progressively accumulated by energy-dependent transport systems (probably concerned primarily with potassium uptake) with both organisms. Thallium uptake kinetics suggested more than one transport system operated in yeast, possibly reflecting a multiplicity of potassium transport systems. ApparentK m andK i values for competitive inhibition of thallium uptake by potassium indicatedS. cerevisiae to have a higher affinity for thallium uptake than for potassium, whileE. coli had a transport system with a higher affinity for potassium than for thallium. The likely systems for thallium transport are discussed. A mutant ofE. coli with tenfold decreased sensitivity to thallium was isolated and apparently effected surface binding of thallium in amounts equivalent to the wild type organism, but showed no subsequent uptake and accumulation of the metal from buffer, even though it was able to accumulate potassium to normal intracellular concentrations during growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690239
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  • 7
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    Correlation among turnover of nucleic acids, ribonuclease activity and sporulation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sporulation ; Ribonuclease ; Turnover of nucleic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The turnover of nucleic acids and changes in ribonuclease activity during sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. In the sporulating strains, 37–58% of vegetatively synthesized RNA were degraded during the sporulation process. The degree of degradation of vegetative RNA was proportional to the sporulation ability. In the non-sporulating strains, the degradation of vegetative RNA was less than 28% in the sporulation medium. Accompanied by the degradation of vegetative RNA, a ribonuclease activity increased several times during sporulation. We have found a close relation among the sporulation rate, the degree of the degradation of vegetative RNA and the increase in ribonuclease activity in the sporulation medium, using cells of which sporulation ability was repressed by changing the age or carbon source in various degrees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Mating reaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mating reaction ; Sexual cell agglutination ; α substance-I ; Agglutination factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A diffusible sex-specific substance called α substance-I (αS-I) was isolated from culture filtrate of α type strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolated αS-I, an oligopeptide, induced sexual cell agglutinability in inducible a type strains and enhanced the agglutinability in constitutive a type strains. The induction of sexual agglutinability was detected in 30 min and reached maximum in 90 min, when 0.2 μg/ml of αS-I was added to inducible a type cells. The a type-specific factor responsible for sexual cell agglutination, called a type agglutination factor (aAF), was shown to be produced during the induction or the enhancement of agglutinability of a type cells by αS-I. The aAF produced in response to αS-I was not different in the susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes and disulfide-cleaving agents from those produced constitutively in the absence of αS-I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425089
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  • 9
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    The formation of glycosidic bonds in yeast glycoproteins (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mannoproteins ; Dolichyl monophosphate mannose ; Subcellular site of glycosylation ; Secretion ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were separated on urografin gradients. The specific activity of the light membranes (endoplasmic reticulum), the Golgi-like vesicles and the plasma membrane in transferring mannosyl residues from GDP-mannose to mannoproteins and to dolichyl monophosphate has been determined. The first mannose of the O-glycosidically linked manno-oligosaccharides is incorporated with the highest specific activity by the endoplasmic reticulum. The incorporation of the second to fourth mannosyl groups is catalysed with increasing activity also by the Golgi-like vesicles and the plasma membrane. The incorporation of mannosyl groups into weak alkali-stable positions (N-glycosidically linked chains) is carried out with almost the same specific activity by all three membrane fractions, however, dolicholdependent and-independent steps could not be distinguished as yet. The results are discussed in terms of a sequential addition of sugar residues along the route of export of the mannoproteins. The dolichol-dependent steps seem to occur on the endoplasmic reticulum and thus very carly in the event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429634
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  • 10
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    The effect of aminopterin (4-amino folic acid) on growth and cell division of fermentative versus oxidative yeasts (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Aminopterin ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Polyploid ; Oxidative-fermentative yeast ; Ultrastructure ; Bioassay ; Synchrony
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a related brewing study detailed characteristics of fermentations displaying effective yeastaminopterin interaction were presented. Fermentative yeast types (certain Saccharomyces species and Selenotila intestinalis) proved effective aminopterin reactors whereas oxidative yeasts (certain Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Trigonopsis species) proved ineffective reactors. In general effective reactors were polyploids characterized by the lack of film or pellicle formation and ineffective reactors the opposite. In stationary fermentations the Fleischmann 139 strain of S. cerevisiae proved a fair reactor. When aerated it proved an ineffective reactor and aminopterin or products there-of stimulated growth. Conversely aeration enhanced aminopterin activity of effective reactor yeasts. The positive effect of biotin on aminopterin activity and the negative effect of yeast extract, L-asparagine, adenine and thymine is shown and compared and contrasted with earlier reported studies. These findings supported by outside data suggest that oxidative yeasts (and bacteria) can readily elicit enzymes capable of inactivating aminopterin whereas fermentative types are lacking in this capability. Finally that past yeast-aminopterin studies were conducted with oxidative yeast types. Advantages of effective aminopterin reactor yeasts to be published elsewhere include improved ultrastructure using KMnO4−OsO4 fixation, a yeast bioassay procedure for detecting aminopterin in plasma and urine, and cell synchronization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492038
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  • 11
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    Environmentally-induced changes in the neutral lipids and intracellular vesicles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Environment ; Kluyveromyces fragilis ; Lipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sterol esters ; Triacylglycerols ; Vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown aerobically or anaerobically under conditions which induce a requirement for a sterol and an unsaturated fatty acid, synthesized approximately the same amounts of neutral lipid and intracellular low-density vesicles, although the neutral lipids in aerobically-grown cells contained more esterified sterol and less triacylglycerol than those in anaerobically-grown cells. Kluyveromyces fragilis synthesized much less neutral lipid and a smaller quantity of low-density vesicles than S. cerevisiae whether grown at 30°C (generation time 1.1 h) or 20°C (generation time 2.1 h). Both yeasts synthesized highly saturated triacylglycerols, relatively unsaturated phospholipids, and esterified sterols with an intermediate degree of unsaturation irrespective of the conditions under which they were grown. Free sterols in the yeasts were rich in ergosterol and 22(24)-dehydroergosterol, while the esterified sterol fractions were richer in zymosterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410774
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  • 12
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    The isolation and characterization of peroxisomes (microbodies) from baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Peroxisomes (microbodies) ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Catalase ; Urate oxidase ; Glyoxylate cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Peroxisomes were isolated from derepressed (lactose grown) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells following homogenization with a “Merkenschlager” cell mill (at 0°C using glass beads). Catalase and urate oxidase, along with low activities of d-amino acid oxidase and l-α-hydroxyacid oxidase (glycollate oxidase), were associated with the peroxisomes. No catalase activity was present in glucose repressed cells. When protoplasts prepared from derepressed cells were used for peroxisome isolation, catalase activity was not sedimentable through gradients. Apparently peroxisomes were destroyed as the cells became fermentative during protoplast preparation. The distribution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes was examined. Isocitrate lyase was not sedimentable, suggesting that, if the enzyme is peroxisome-associated, it is either readily released or present in a labile second class of peroxisomes. Low activities of malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthetase were found in peroxisome fractions from gradients, but may represent mitochondrial contamination. Citrate synthetase was not found associated with a low-density particle as had been previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447136
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  • 13
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    Localization of mannan at the surface of yeast protoplasts by scanning electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Candida utilis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Colloidal gold ; Cytochemistry ; Mannan ; Plasma membranes ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The β(1→3)glucanase of Basidiomycete QM 806 was used to prepare Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis protoplasts. Plasma membranes isolated from S. cerevisiae contained a small amount of mannose and traces of glucose and ribose. Randomly distributed α-mannan was detected by scanning electron microscopy at the surface of prefixed protoplasts using colloidal gold labelled with Concanavalin A as a marker. C. utilis protoplasts were also marked with anti-mannan antibodies. Again the distribution of mannan was random. This experiment indicated also that plasma membrane mannan has the same immunochemical determinants as cell wall mannan. It is hypothesized that mannan is mainly located in the outer layer of plasma membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425106
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  • 14
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    Inactivation by glucose of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ; Inactivation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Carbohydrate metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase showed high activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on gluconeogenic carbon sources. Addition of glucose to such cultures caused a rapid loss of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. Fructose or mannose had the same effect as glucose, while 2-deoxyglucose or galactose were without effect. The inactivation was an irreversible process, since the regain of the activity was dependent of de novo protein synthesis. Cycloheximide did not prevent inactivation. All strains of the genus Saccharomyces tested showed inactivation of their phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase upon addition of glucose; this behaviour was not restricted to this genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446632
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  • 15
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    The influence of pH on sulphite formation by yeasts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; pH ; Sulphite formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the initial pH of the substrate on the sulphite formation of three low-sulphite-and five high-sulphite-forming yeasts is described. Four distinctly different groups become apparent. The need for better evaluation of pure culture wine yeasts is stressed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446846
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  • 16
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    Location of three key enzymes of gluconeogenesis in baker's yeast (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Baker's yeast ; Spheroplasts ; Gluconeogenesis ; Location ; Density gradient centrifugation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The subcellular location of hexose diphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was investigated by density gradient centrifugation of spheroplast lysates obtained by osmotic shock treatment of spheroplasts and centrifugation for 10000 g x min. On the evidence obtained from zonal separations these three enzymes of gluconeogenesis are most probably located in the soluble cytosol.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428597
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  • 17
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    Temperature-sensitive loss of sexual agglutinability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mating reaction ; Sexual agglutination ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Temperature dependency of sexual agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found. Of 31 strains tested, which showed normal agglutination when cultured at 25°C, 29 strains lost their sexual agglutinability when they were grown at 37°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446875
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  • 18
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    Effect of chemical modification of cell surface components of a brewer's yeast on the floc-forming ability (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 19-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast flocculation ; Chemical modification of cell surface components ; Floc-forming ability ; Brewer's yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Deflocculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of treatments with proteolytic enzymes and protein-modifying reagents on flocculation of brewer's yeast IFO 2018 were investigated. The floc-forming ability of the yeast cells was irreversibly eliminated by treatment with papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin or pepsin, indicating that certain proteins on the cell surface participate in the yeast flocculation. Chemical modification with reagents, known to act on disulfide bridges, carboxyl and/or phosphate groups, phenolic groups, amino groups, and imidazole groups, also destroyed the ability to flocculate, although in some cases a high concentration (8 M) of urea was necessary in addition to protein-modifying reagents. Thus, it is suggested strongly that these functional groups of amino acid residues of the proteins are essential for the floc-forming ability of brewer's yeast cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427840
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  • 19
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    Plasma-Membrane lipid composition and ethanol tolerance inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 239-245 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Plasma membrane ; Lipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ethanol tolerance ; Sterols ; Fatty-acyl residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Populations of cells suspended anaerobically in buffered (pH 4.5) M ethanol remained viable to a greater extent when their plasma membranes were enriched in linoleyl rather than oleyl residues irrespective of the nature of the sterol enrichment. However, populations with membranes enriched in ergosterol or stigmasterol and linoleyl residues were more resistant to ethanol than populations enriched in campesterol or cholesterol and linoleyl residues. Populations enriched in ergosterol and cetoleic acid lost viability at about the same rate as those enriched in oleyl residues, while populations grown in the presence of this sterol and palmitoleic acid were more resistant to ethanol. Suspending cells in buffered ethanol for up to 24 h did not lower the ethanol concentration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738541
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  • 20
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    Inhibitory effect of ethanol on growth and solute accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae as affected by plasma-membrane lipid composition (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ethanol inhibition ; Solute accumulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Plasma membrane ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of ethanol (1.0 or 1.25 M) into exponential-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 366 growing anaerobically in a medium supplemented with ergosterol and an unsaturated fatty acid caused a retardation in growth rate, which was greater when the medium contained oleic rather than linoleic acid. Ethanol incorporation led to an immediate drop in growth rate, and ethanol-containing cultures grew at the slower rate for at least 10 h. Incorporation of ethanol (0.5 M) into buffered (pH 4.5) cell suspensions containing d-[6-3H] glucose, d-[1-14C] glucosamine, l-[U-14C] lysine or arginine, or KH2 32PO4 lowered the rate of solute accumulation by cells. Rates of accumulation of glucose, lysine and arginine were retarded to a greater extent when cells had been grown in the presence of oleic rather than linoleic acid. This difference was not observed with accumulation of phosphate. Ethanol was extracted from exponential-phase cells by four different methods. Cells grown in the presence of linoleic acid contained a slightly, but consistently, lower concentration of ethanol than cells grown in oleic acid-containing medium. The ethanol concentration in cells was 5–7 times greater than that in the cell-free medium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408045
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  • 21
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    Dependence of the maximum temperature for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on nutrient concentration (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Chemostat ; Nutrient Concentration ; Thermal Death ; Thermal Association ; Optimum Temperature for Growth ; Maximum Temperature for Growth ; Microbial Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a chemostat under glucose limitation at three superoptimal temperatures. In each steady state the specific growth rate was the sum of the dilution rate and the specific death rate, exponential death concurring with exponential growth. The specific death rate was a function of the temperature while the specific growth rate was a function of both the temperature and the concentration of the limiting nutrient. Each superoptimal temperature was characterized by a critical glucose concentration below which net growth was not possible. The critical glucose concentration increased with the temperature. Consequently the maximum temperature for growth was a function of the concentration of the limiting nutrient and approached the optimum temperature for growth with decreasing glucose concentrations.
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    Effect of aeration on the activity of gluconeogenetic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing under glucose limitation (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 106 (1975), S. 271-273 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Baker's yeast ; Gluconeogenetic enzymes ; Chemostat ; Oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. The effect of aeration on the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis was studied in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in a nonrespiratory variant of S. cerevisiae grown under glucose limitation. 2. In baker's yeast phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, hexosediphosphatase and isocitrate lyase were completely repressed under anaerobic conditions. Their repression could be partially reversed by using intense aeration. 3. In the nonrespiratory variant these enzymes were absent independently of aeration. 4. Pyruvate carboxylase of baker's yeast showed maximal activity under anaerobic conditions. In the nonrespiratory variant pyruvate carboxylase had low activity under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
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    Promotion of sporulation by caffeine pretreatment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
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    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 149-152 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sporulation ; Ribonuclease ; Caffeine ; Cycloheximide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in RNase activity during sporulation of a homothallic diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured in caffeine-treated and non-treated cells. 1. In caffeine-treated cells soon after the transfer to the sporulation medium a significant increase in RNase activity was observed; in control cells the rise of RNase activity was less and started after a lag period of 5 h. The final activity of RNase was about twice as high in caffeine-treated cells as in control cells. 2. Increase in RNase activity during sporulation was sensitive to cycloheximide in control cells, but insensitive in caffeine-treated cells. 3. RNases from vegetative cells and from sporulating ones are different in their K m values. Relation of the changes in RNase activity to premeiotic DNA synthesis is discussed.
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    Thermodynamic compensation in microbial thermal death (1976)
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    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Maximum temperature for growth ; Thermal death ; Linear thermodynamic compensation ; Non-linear thermodynamic compensation ; Isokinetic temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sixty eight Arrhenius plots of thermal death in six mesophilic yeast species, tested at various concentrations of NaCl, lacked an isokinetic temperature. Nevertheless the ΔH #/ΔS # plot was apparently linear with a slope corresponding to 314° K. It was concluded that linear thermodynamic compensation of thermal death is non-existent in heterogeneous groups of yeasts and is unlikely to occur in heterogeneous groups of other organisms and that ΔH #/ΔS # plots lack sensitivity for the detection of non-linearity over narrow temperature ranges. However, the ΔH # and ΔS # parameters of thermal death displayed non-linear compensation in such a way that the extrapolated Arrhenius plots of death attained nearly identical values near the respective maximum temperatures for growth. Linear thermodynamic compensation occurred in each of the six strains, when stationary populations of the same strain were tested at various NaCl concentrations. On the other hand, exponential populations of each of the strains, tested in the same way, lacked an isokinetic temperature of thermal death. The significance of linear and non-linear thermodynamic compensation in biological rate processes is discussed.
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    Mating reaction in yeast protoplasts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 313-318 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast protoplasts ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Conjugation ; Cell wall ; Morphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts prepared from complementary haploid strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae were studied with regard to their ability of conjugating. Neither fresh protoplasts nor the growing protoplasts possessing fibrillar walls exhibited sex specific agglutination or fusion. However, they were capable of inducing sexual activation in normal cells of opposite mating type. After completing the regeneration of cell walls the protoplasts could conjugate either with each other or with cells of opposite sex. The frequency of conjugations was low, about 1%, and was largely dependent on the degree of completition of the wall during regeneration. From the results the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The initiation of mating is dependent on the integrity of the cell wall. 2. The sex specific morphogenetic changes do not occur in wall-less protoplasts but may happen after the protoplasts have regenerated their cell walls. 3. The lysis of cell walls does not occur until the walls come into close contact. 4. The fusion of plasma membranes in sex-activated protoplasts cannot be induced by artefucial agglutination.
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    Isothermic variation of the specific growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Specific growth rate ; Growth control ; Glucose transfer ; Glucose-6-phosphate ; Maintenance requirements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The specific growth rate (μ) of a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing under defined experimental conditions in batch culture (mineral medium plus glucose and vitamins at 25°C) varied from experiment to experiment over a wide range (0.10–0.24 h-1) and showed a normal distribution. Neither the age of the culture, the history of the inoculum, nor experimental error accounted wholy for the variability of μ. The variation was positively correlated with the specific rate of glucose transfer and negatively with the specific rate of production of non-fermentative CO2. The yield decreased with μ implying higher maintenance requirements in batch culture (4.7 mmoles g-1 h-1) than in continuous culture (0.8 mmoles g-1 h-1). It was concluded that the strain is capable of establishing any one of several steady states of growth under the same experimental conditions, each steady state displaying some buildin inertia with respect to change. The variations of the specific rates of glucose transfer and non-fermentative CO2 production, and of the yield appeared to be consequences rather than causes of the variation of μ. The ultimate causes of the variation of μ remained unidentified.
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    Mode of increase in cell wall polysaccharides in synchronously growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 91-92 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Cell wall ; Glucan ; Mannan ; Synchronous culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mode of increase in cell wall polysaccharides of yeast (glucan and mannan) during cell cycle was analyzed using cell wall samples obtained from a synchronous culture. The increase in mannan and total glucan proceeded almost linearly throughout the cell cycle except for a short period of their leveling off at the time of cell division. However, the constituents of glucan behaved characteristically: Alkalisoluble glucan and insoluble glucan increased mainly in the former and the latter half of the cell cycle, respectively.
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    Action of tryptophan analogues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 307-316 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anthranilate synthase, feedback inhibition of ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Tryptophan analogues, mode of action of ; Tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes ; Tryptophan pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an analysis of the effects of various tryptophan and indole analogues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae we determined the mechanisms by which they cause growth inhibition: 4-Methyltryptophan causes a reduction in protein synthesis and a derepression of the tryptophan enzymes despite of the presence of high internal levels of tryptophan. This inhibition can only be observed in a mutant with increased permeability to the analogue. These results are consistent with but do not prove an interference of this analogue with the charging of tryptophan onto tRNA. 5-Methyltryptophan causes false feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase, the first enzyme of the tryptophan pathway. This inhibits the further synthesis of tryptophan and results in results in tryptophan limitation, growth inhibition and derepression of the enzymes. Derepression eventually allows wild type cells to partially overcome the inhibitory effect of the analogue. 5-Fluoroindole is converted endogenously to 5-fluorotryptophan by tryptophan synthase. Both endogenous and externally supplied 5-fluorotryptophan are incorporated into protein. This leads to intoxication of the cells due to the accumulation of faulty proteins. 5-Fluorotryptophan also causes feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase and reduces the synthesis of tryptophan which would otherwise compete with the analogues in the charging reaction. Indole acrylic acid inhibits the conversion of indole to tryptophan by tryptophan synthase. This results in a depletion of the tryptophan pool which, in turn, causes growth inhibition and derepression of the tryptophan enzymes.
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    Electron microscopy of germinating ascospores ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
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    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 73-77 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ascospores ; Germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wall of mature ascospores ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae showed in sections under the electron microscope a dark outer layer and a lighter inner layer. The latter was composed of a greyish inner part and a light outer part. During germination, the spore grew out at one side and the dark outer layer was broken. Of the light inner layer, the inner greyish part became the wall of the vegetative cell, but the extented part of the cell had a new wall.
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    Metabolism of the anaerobic formation of succinic acid bySaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
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    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 269-276 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Succinic acid ; Fermentation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Succinic acid is formed in amounts of 0.2–1.7 g/l by fermenting yeasts of the genusSaccharomyces during the exponential growth phase. No differences were observed between the various species, respiratory deficient mutants and wild type strains. 2. At low glucose concentrations the formation of succinic acid depended on the amount of sugar fermented. However, the nitrogen source was found to be of greater importance than the carbon source. 3. Of all nitrogen sources, glutamate yielded the highest amounts of succinic acid. Glutamate led to an oxidative and aspartate to a reductive formation of succinic acid. 4. A reductive formation of succinic acid by the citric acid cycle enzymes was observed with malate. This was partially inhibited by malonate. No evidence was obtained that the glyoxylate cycle is involved in succinic acid formation by yeasts. 5. Anaerobically grown cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae contained α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Its activity was found in the 175000 x g sediment after fractionated centrifugation. The specific activity increased 6-fold after growth on glutamate as compared with cells grown on ammonium sulfate. 6. The specific activities of malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, succinate dehydrogenase, succinylcoenzymeA synthetase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent) were determined in yeast cells grown on glutamate or ammonium sulfate. Similar results were obtained with a wild type strain and a respiratory deficient mutant. The latter did not contain succinate dehydrogenase. 7. In fermenting yeasts succinic acid is mainly formed from glutamate by oxidation.
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    Changes in the rate of synthesis of wall polysaccharides during the cell cycle of yeast (1978)
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    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 213-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Cell wall ; Glucan ; Mannan ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reevaluation and comparison of seemingly contradictory literature data on the mode of synthesis of wall polysaccharides during the cell cycle ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae explained the source of discrepancies and demonstrated their general consonance in the following points: 1. The rate of synthesis of glucan and mannan is not constant and does not increase continuously throughout the entire cell cycle. 2. The rate of synthesis of both polysaccharides is considerably reduced at the time of cell division and in the prebudding phase.
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    Location of mannan and chitin on thin sections of budding yeasts with gold markers (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell walls ; Chitin ; Colloidal gold ; Concanavalin A ; Cytochemistry ; Mannan ; Wheat germ agglutinin ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Candida utilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mannan was located on thin sections of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis with the homologous anti-mannan antibodies or with Concanavalin A, both labelled with gold granules. Fully synthesized mannan was found in the cell walls, on the plasmalemma and within the cytoplasm sometimes associated with vesicles and vacuoles. Chitin or its oligomers were located with wheat germ agglutinin in the bud scars but also in the cell wall and the cytoplasm near the plasmalemma. Both mannan and chitin or its oligomers were found in the forming septum and are synthesized within the cytoplasm. The gold method was also suitable for marking mannan and chitin simultaneously.
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    Rapid decrease of ATP content in intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after incubation with low concentrations of sulfite (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 225-229 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulfur dioxide ; Sulfite ; Air polluting substances ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ATP hydrolysis ; Reversibility of sulfite effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfite, at concentrations above 1 mM and at a pH below 4, caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 as measured by the colony-forming capacity. A rapid decrease in the ATP content was observed prior to cellular death. The depletion of ATP was reversible and the lethal effect could be prevented if the cells were exposed to sulfite for periods of less than 1 h. Extent and rate of ATP depletion were dependent on time, pH value, temperature and sulfite concentrations.
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    Influence of defined gene blocks on the competitive ability of yeast genotypes (1977)
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    Biochemical genetics 15 (1977), S. 1015-1021 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; enzymes ; polymorphisms ; competition ; variable environments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Competition experiments were carried out under varying exogenic and endogenic conditions. The genotypes were marked by combinations of two esterase loci, each with two alleles. When genotypes of the line W7 were used, there was no demonstrable influence of the gene blocks marked by the Est-1 locus on the competitive ability at temperatures of 21 and 29 C. However, genotypes carrying the fast allele of the Est-2 locus were favored. At 38 C, the outcome of the competition was reversed. The defined gene blocks showed different effects when interacting with different genetic backgrounds (line M7). Genotypes marked by the slow allele of the Est-2 locus were now favored (21 and 29 C), and even the gene blocks marked by the alleles of the Est-1 locus influenced the genotypes' competitive abilities. Again, the results were partly reversed at 38 C. The results are discussed with regard to the importance of enzyme variants for the genotypic selection value.
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    Mutual inhibition of the attractant pheromone response by two species ofIps(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 101-113 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; inhibition ; Scolytidae ; Ips ; pini ; paraconfusus ; ipsenol ; linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bark beetles,Ips pini andI. paraconfusus, are not cross-attractive in the field although they attack the same host material at the same time. Logs containing the pheromone-producing sex (males) of both species side by side attract significantly fewer beetles of each species than do males of either species alone. Ipsenol, a component of the maleI. paraconfusus pheromone, duplicates the activity of maleI. paraconfusus in inhibiting the response ofI. pini to maleI. pini. Linalool from maleI. pini also reduces the catch ofI. paraconfusus in response to maleI. paraconfusus. Simultaneous production of a specific attractant pheromone and an interspecific chemical inhibitor favors exclusive use of the host substrate by the first arriving species.
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    Sex pheromone specificity as a reproductive isolating mechanism among the sibling speciesArchips argyrospilus andA. mortuanus and other sympatric tortricine moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 71-84 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Archips argyrospilus ; Archips mortuanus ; pheromone ; attractant ; Tortricidae ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract MaleArchips argyrospilus (Walker) were maximally attracted to a 60∶40∶4∶200 admixture of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl, (E)-11-tetradecenyl, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetates. The identification of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, in addition to the other 3 components reported previously, is the first report of a 4-component pheromone system in moths.Archips mortuanus Kearfoot, a sibling species, was maximally attracted to a blend of the same components, but in a 90∶10∶1 mix of the tetradecenyl acetates. Among a number of tortricine moths that co-occur on apples and other hosts in New York, British Columbia, and elsewhere, differences in diel rhythms of attraction and seasonal distribution are insufficient to maintain reproductive isolation. Although the attractant systems of these species often possess components in common, males are maximally attracted to a speciesspecific blend. In tortricine moths attraction specificity appears to be a paramount mechanism for species partitioning.
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    Effects of slow-release formulation of syntheticendo- andexo-brevicomin on southern pine beetle flight and landing behavior (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 133-141 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; inhibitor ; bark beetle ; Dendroctonus ; southern pine beetle ; slow-release formulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A slow release formulation of the bark beetle pheromones,endo- andexo-brevicomin, significantly reduced landing of southern pine beetles on host trees. Beetle flight activity within the infestation was not affected by the pheromones. The pheromones were released at approximately 600 mg/ha/day via Conrel® hollow fiber controlled-release dispensers.
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    Female pheromone in the black molly fish (Mollinenesia latipinna): A possible metabolic correlate (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 207-217 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black molly fish ; Mollinenesia latipinna ; pheromone ; thyroxine ; thiouracil ; general activity stimulus ; social contact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female black mollyMollinenesia latipinna emits a water-borne pheromone which increases general activity and social contacts among males. Two hormones, thyroxine and thiouracil, administered to the females increase these behaviors in males. Apparently the hormones do not functionally compete in this species, and both seem to elevate the emission of the male stimulant.
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    Sex pheromone of the stable fly: Evaluation of methyl- and 1,5-dimethylalkanes as mating stimulants (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 245-249 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; branched alkanes ; mating stimulant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Each of 20 methyl-branched and 1,5-dimethyl-branched alkanes that comprise the active principle of saturated hydrocarbons of the female stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was synthesized and evaluated for mating stimulant activity. The compounds that showed the highest degree of activity in bioassays were 15-methyl- and 15,19-dimethyltritriacontanes.
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    Mating-stimulant pheromone and cuticular lipid constituents of the little house fly,Fannia canicularis (L.) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 269-278 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia canicularis (L.) ; little house fly ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-pentacosene ; heneicosan-8-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatograms of the cuticular lipids washed from recently emerged female and maleFannia canicularis (L.) flies were nearly identical, but by the time the flies were 5 days old, the cuticular components of the two sexes differed considerably. A monoolefin which constituted 66% of the cuticular lipid from 5-day-old females stimulated a copulatory response from males and was identified as (Z)-9-pentacosene. The cuticular lipid of the same age males contained only 1% of this compound. Although all the major constituents of the cuticular lipid from mature females were hydrocarbons, 27% of the lipid washed from 5-day-old males was a nonhydrocarbon material that was represented by a single GLC peak. This material was identified as heneicosan-8-ol acetate.
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    Chemical recognition of the mother by the young of the cichlid fish,Cichlasoma citrinellum (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 461-466 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: communication ; fish ; cichlid ; Cichlasoma citrinellum ; pheromone ; maternal ; development ; predation ; chemoreception ; fry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When placed in aY-maze, the 1–10-day-old free-swimming fry of the Midas cichlid can chemically distinguish between their mother and plain water and between another mother and plain water. They do not distinguish between the two mothers offered together or between their father and plain water. Predation pressures make these responses adaptive.
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    An estimate of the effectiveness of pheromone-baited traps for the suppression ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 527-537 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus multistriatus ; Dutch elm disease ; pheromone ; Multilure ; mass-trapping ; Ulmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We attempted to suppress a population ofScolytus multistriatus (Marsham), the principal vector of Dutch elm disease, by trapping flying beetles on sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromone. The estimated catch on 421 traps distributed throughout a 1-km2 plot in Detroit, Michigan, was nearly 1 million beetles. Because an estimated 5 million beetles emerged in the plot during the study period, we conclude that this preliminary trapping study had no appreciable effect on suppressing the population. Studies that employ improved materials and techniques are continuing.
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    Diel and age-dependent behavioral patterns of exposure-concealment in three species ofTrogoderma (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 409-423 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; diel behavioral patterns ; 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; pheromone ; reproductive isolation ; Trogoderma glabrum ; T. inclusum ; T. variabile ; trogodermal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract AdultTrogoderma glabrum, T. inclusum, andT. variabile exhibit diel periods of exposure-concealment behavior, the frequency and duration of which are age-dependent, and the temporal placement of which is species-dependent. Exposure periods correspond with daily maxima in male sensitivity to the most active female-released sex pheromone component, 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, and with respective periods of sex pheromone release in females. Exposure-concealment behavior may be a factor in reproductive isolation between these species, since potential communication distances are greatly reduced when either males or females are concealed.
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    trans-Perillenal a furanoid monoterpene from pine saw-fly,Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Neodiprion sertifer ; Pine saw-fly ; Hymenoptera ; Diprionidae ; pheromone ; trans-perillenal ; monoterpene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile constituents present in nanogram quantities in various body parts and glands of the males and females of the speciesNeodiprion sertifer Geoffr. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) have been investigated by GC-MS. A significant amount of a volatile constituent was detected in the lateral parts of the integument of abdominal segments II-III. The constituent was identified as the furanoid monoterpenetrans-perillenal (I) previously not known to occur in nature. The identification and synthesis of this compound is described.
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    Sex pheromone of the stable fly (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 353-361 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L) ; pheromone ; mating stimulants ; alkenes ; cuticular lipids ; copulatory behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular alkenes of the female stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans (L), which were responsible for inducing male fly copulatory behavior are (Z)-9-hentriacontene, (Z)-9-tritriacontene, 13-methyl-1-hen-triacontene and 13-methyl-1-tritriacontene. The identifications of the branched alkenes and the synthesis of these four compounds are described. Bioassays indicate that these materials in combination with previously described methyl branched alkanes are more active than the individual components.
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    Specificity of trail markers of forest and eastern tent caterpillars (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 565-574 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; Malacosoma americanum ; Malacosoma disstria ; Tortricidae ; Archips cerasivoranus ; trail marker ; pheromone ; interspecific response ; tent caterpillar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Exploratory trails deposited on paper strips by the forest tent caterpillar (FTC),Malacosoma disstria Hubner, and the eastern tent caterpillar (ETC),M. americanum (Fabricius), as well as extracts of these trails, readily elicited interspecific trail-following behavior. In 2-choice tests involving simple Y mazes constructed from these paper strips, the caterpillars of both species preferred by approximately 3∶1 the trails of the FTC. Studies involving whole colonies of the ETC maintained under nearnatural conditions in the laboratory, however, indicated that the trails deposited by successful foragers of the ETC as they returned to their tent from feeding sites were more attractive than the exploratory trails of either the ETC or FTC. The pronounced interspecific response of these congeners to each other's trails suggests that they utilize either qualitatively similar or identical trail-marking chemicals. Both species preferred their own trails to those ofArchips cerasivoranus (Fitch) (Tortricidae), providing the first evidence that more distantly related lepidopterous larvae utilize distinct trails.
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    Identification of the white peach scale sex pheromone (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 941-953 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: White peach scale ; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ; pheromone ; attractant ; microtechniques ; enantiomer ; isomers ; (R,Z)-3 ; 9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3 ; 9-decadien-1-ol propionate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Micro techniques were used to obtain spectroscopic and degradative information from less than 5μg of the sex attractant of female white peach scale,Pseudaulascaspis pentagons (Targioni-Tozzetti) isolated from airborne collections. The pheromone was identified as (Z)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol propionate. Both enantiomers of theZ isomer and also the enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (R)-or (S)-limonene. Bioassays of material with minimum enantiomeric purity of 95% showed that at extreme dilution only theR,Z isomer attracted male white peach scale; however activity of theS,Z enantiomer could not be completely excluded.
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    Sex pheromone components and calling behavior of the female dermestid beetle,Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 115-125 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; Trogoderma variabile ; pheromone ; isolation ; identification ; (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; aeration ; Porapak Q ; sex attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females of the dermestid beetle,Trogoderma variabile Ballion, exhibit a diel pattern of calling behavior. A potent sexual excitant and attractant for the male beetles can be collected on Porapak Q during aeration of female beetles, but cannot be detected in extracts of macerated females. The attractant has been identified as (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal. Of the five additional compounds previously identified as attractants in otherTrogoderma species, only two were found; (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol is present in extracts of macerated female beetles, but not in extracts of Porapak Q, and γ-caprolactone is present in extracts of Porapak Q. Three collection procedures were necessary to ensure that all the pheromone components had been isolated. Synthetic (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal elicits attraction and sexual arousal inT. Variabile males.
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    Behavior and pheromone studies withAttagenus elongatulus Casey (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 219-237 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attagenus elongatulus ; Dermestidae ; pheromone ; behavior ; calling ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males ofAttagenus elongatulus Casey responded to a source of female odor with a characteristic sequence of actions which included: extension of the antennae, elevation of the body by leg extension, rapid zig-zag running, and intermittent bobbing up and down. The courtship sequence also consisted of several activities and was usually followed by a typical copulatory act of less than 1-minute duration. Virgin females exhibited calling behavior which was associated with pheromone release. Female calling activity, female pheromone content, and male responsiveness followed a diurnal cycle with peak values occurring during the earlier hours of the 16L∶8D photoperiod. Quantitative bioassay indicated that a 50% male response level (RD50) occurred at ca. 0.014 female equivalent (FE) exposure.
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    An unusual polyene from male stable flies (1977)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 251-255 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; polyene ; mating stimulant ; (Z,Z)-1,7,-13-pentacosatriene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major component of the cuticular lipids of male stable flies,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was identified as (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene. The identification was confirmed by synthesis. This material is of unknown biological function; it is apparently not produced by female stable flies.
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    Chemical basis for interspecific responses to sex pheromones ofTrogoderma species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 337-347 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) ; T. variabile ; T. glabrum ; T. inclusum ; pheromone ; (Z)- and (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; interspecific response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Interspecific responses among severalTrogoderma species have been correlated with their pheromone components. The most important component emitted by four of the species is (Z)- or (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, which is not detectable in extracts of macerated beetles. The response to macerated beetles is probably due to the corresponding alcohol and ester. The recency of common origin of seven species is discussed.
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    Phenols as pheromones of ixodid ticks: A general phenomenon? (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 501-509 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: ticks ; ixodid ticks ; pheromone ; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ; Rhipicephalus pulchellus ; phenol ; cresol ; 2,6-dichlorophenol ; salicylaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of femaleRhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann andR. pulchellus Neumann, vectors or potential vectors of East Coast fever, have yielded phenol andp-cresol. The same phenols have been found in five additional species of hard ticks, three of which also contained 2,6-dichlorophenol. Salicylaldehyde appeared as another phenolic component in four of these species. On the basis of this information- and of the rather limited literature available, it appears that ixodid ticks may generally utilize simple phenols as attractants. Behavioral observations suggest a role of the phenols in the meeting of the sexes.
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    An economical synthesis of the major sex attractant of the oak leaf roller—cis-10-tetradecenyl acetate (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 317-322 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: synthesis ; cis-10-tetradecenyl acetate (I) ; Archips semiferanus ; oak leaf roller ; sex attractant ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major sex attractant of the oak leaf roller (Archips semiferanus Walker),cis-10-tetradecenyl acetate (I), was synthesized in 55–62% overall yield by a highly economical route from inexpensive azelaic acid (II).
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    Studies on the isolation and bioassay of the sex pheromone of the drugstore beetle,Stegobium paniceum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 413-422 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stegobium paniceum ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; drugstore beetle ; insect behavior ; stored-product insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females ofStegobium paniceum (L.) produce a sex pheromone that causes an excitation and attraction of the males. Male response was highest 5–12 days after adult emergence. Pheromone titer of unmated females increased steadily after 1 day, reached a plateau after 5 days, and continued until at least 14 days. Mature males showed a threshold responsiveness of 3 × 10−7 μg pheromone. The pheromone titer per female ranged from 50 to 200 ng. On the basis of a high-resolution mass spectrum the empirical formula of the pure isolated pheromone molecule was determined to be C13H20O3. The pheromone was further defined by its Chromatographic behavior and spectroscopic properties.
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    A chemical trail factor from the silk of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 187-193 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Malacosoma americanum ; tent caterpillar ; chemical trail substance ; pheromone ; trail-following behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The leaf-feeding larvae of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum (Fabricius) follow silk trails laid down on branches leading from their communal tent to distant foraging sites. The response of colonies reared in the laboratory under seminatural conditions to silk trails washed in methylene chloride and to chemical trails prepared from a solvent extract of their tent or trail silk, showed that one or more soluble components of their trail is essential to the elicitation of the following response. The demonstrated ability of the caterpillars to distinguish between old and newly reinforced silk trails most likely occurs in response to a temporal change in the detectable chemical properties of their trail.
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    Terminology of chemical releasing stimuli in intraspecific and interspecific interactions (1976)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 211-220 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: chemical ecology ; hormone ; pheromone ; allomone ; kairomone ; synomone ; apneumone ; chemical communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The terminology of chemical releasing stimuli is examined in an attempt to reduce some apparent confusion. Two new classes of interspecific chemical signals, synomone and apneumone, are proposed.
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    Deterrence of repeated oviposition by fruit-marking pheromone inCeratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 55-63 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Ceratitis capitata ; oviposition deterrent ; laboratory insect quality ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During ovipositor dragging on the fruit surface following egg laying in hawthorne fruit,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) females deposit an unidentified pheromone that deters repeated oviposition attempts in that fruit. The pheromone proved water soluble and, when collected and sprayed in aqueous solution onto uninfested fruits in laboratory cages, effectively deterred boring attempts byC. capitata females of wild origin for at least 6 days (termination of test). A laboratory population ofC. capitata cultured on artificial media for more than 200 generations deposited pheromone that proved equally as deterrent to wild fly oviposition as pheromone from wild flies. However, lab fly oviposition was not effectively deterred by the presence of pheromone. The ecological significance of the pheromone is discussed.
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    Mating stimulant pheromone and cuticular lipid constituents ofFannia femoralis (Stein) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 83-93 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia femoralis (Stein) ; pheromone ; mating stimulant pheromone ; (Z)-11-hentriacontene ; cuticular lipid ; fly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular lipids of male and femaleFannia femoralis were similar for recently emerged insects but soon began to develop chromatographic patterns characteristic of each sex. Mature females contained more C31 and C33 monoolefin in the cuticular lipid than males. Also, the double bonds in the monoolefins of the female lipid were situated predominantly at the eleventh and thirteenth carbons, while most of those from the males were centrally located in the molecule or at the ninth carbon. The female C31 monoolefin stimulated copulation by the males, but more mating activity occurred when the saturated hydrocarbons present in the female cuticular lipids were added. The synthetic monoolefin most active as a mating stimulant pheromone was (Z)-11-hentriacontene, but the addition of female alkanes or of syntheticn-alkanes to (Z)-11-hentriacontene increased the activity of the synthetic pheromone.
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    Species-specific natural products of adult male leaf-footed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) (1979)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 53-62 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coreidae ; Heteroptera ; Hemiptera ; sex attractant ; pheromone ; sexual selection ; n-octanol ; benzyl alcohol ; vanillin ; 2-phenyl-ethanol ; leaf-footed bugs ; chemotaxonomy ; allomome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The 7–8th ventral abdominal gland secretions from 6 adult male leaf-footed bugs,Leptoglossus spp., and a related species,Euthochtha galeator, were chemically analyzed by GC-MS. Of the 11 volatile compounds identified, all but one of the compounds (n-octanol) were aromatic, including compounds with the familiar odors of cherries, vanilla, cinnamon, and roses. The preponderance of aromatics in the adult male ventral abdominal gland secretions contrasts sharply with the aliphatic compounds which comprise the metathoracic gland defensive secretions of adult males and females. Also, the male-specific secretions are species-specific, both qualitatively and quantitatively, whereas the metathoracic gland secretions of Coreoidea are only distinctive at the generic level. It is proposed that males were favored as the emitters of attractive signals by sexual selection, whereas the specificity of the signal is the result of natural selection against hybridization.
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    Pheromone of the male flesh fly,Sarcophaga bullata (1979)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 125-130 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diptera ; Sarcophagidae ; flesh fly ; Sarcophaga bullata ; pheromone ; hexanal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hexanal, isolated from a whole animal extract of the flesh fly,Sarcophaga bullata, attracts over 65% of the females tested with no apparent effect on males.
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    Specialization of olfactory cells to insect-and host-produced volatiles in the bark beetleIps pini (say) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 109-123 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bark beetle ; Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromone ; enantiomer ; olfaction ; single cell ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological recordings inIps pini were made from single olfactory cells stimulated by six concentrations of eleven compounds—either pheromones or host constituents. The receptor cells were grouped according to their differential responses to these biologically significant compounds. Cells specialized to either ipsdienol or ipsenol (pheromones for severalIps species) appeared to be relatively uniform in their sensitivity to all compounds tested. Another group of cells specialized tocis- andtrans-verbenol were more variable in their sensitivities to the substances tested. The activation of separate groups of cells by the different pheromones and host compounds shows (by exclusion) that behaviorally expressed syner-gistic as well as inhibitory action mainly is due to an interaction in the central nervous system rather than an interaction of the compounds on the receptors. All “ipsdienol cells” responded to both enantiomers of ipsdienol. Although some differences between responses to the enantiomers by individual cells were observed, these did not form a consistent pattern, and no net differences could be found between the eastern and western populations ofI. pint.
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    Chiral specificity of the sex pheromone of the red-headed pine sawfly,Neodiprion lecontei (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 237-249 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sawflies ; pheromone ; stereospecificity ; (−)-erythro configuration ; enantiomers ; chirality ; optical isomers ; Neodiprion lecontei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stereospecificity of the sawfly pheromone 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol acetate againstNeodiprion lecontei was studied. Twoerythro and a 1∶1 mixture ofthreo isomers (C-2 and C-3) were synthesized for this purpose. It was found that only one isomer with (−)-erythro configuration (2S, 3S) had biological activity. The potency of this synthetic pheromone was roughly identical to the one shown by the naturally occurring pheromone in this species.
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    Quantitative estimates of the western pine beetle attractive pheromone components,exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene in nature (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 397-414 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; attractant ; pheromone ; pheromone production ; pest management ; bark beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three parameters are described for estimating the natural occurrence of chemically defined insect pheromones: (1) the rate and duration of release by the insect, (2) the density of the pheromone-emitting insect population in both time and space, and (3) dispersal and degradation rates of the chemicals. Each of these parameters, except dispersal, was estimated for a population ofDendroctonus brevicomis LeC, and its three component attractive pheromones. A single generation of 610,000 beetles, believed to comprise the entire population in a 65-km2 forest, was estimated to have released 0.78, 3.7, and 370.5 g of frontalin,exo-brevicomin, and myrcene, respectively, within a 30-day period.
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    Identification of a four-component sex pheromone of the female oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 423-427 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grapholitha molesta ; Oriental fruit moth ; attractant ; pheromone ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol ; dodecanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female-emitted pheromone ofGrapholitha molesta (Busck), the Oriental fruit moth, was collected by holding females in glass flasks during calling. Flask washes were found to contain four pheromone components: (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate in a 100∶7 ratio, and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and dodecanol in a 100∶20 ratio. The ratio of (Z)-8-acetate to (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol was approx. 100∶30. Approximately 0.1–0.2 ng of pheromone was recovered per female per hour of calling.
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    Synthesis of the male stable fly polyene (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene and its geometrical isomers (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 415-422 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; polyene ; mating stimulant ; (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The four geometrical isomers of 1,7,13-pentacosatriene were synthesized from 1,7-octadiyne. Two of the required isomers were synthesized using known methodology. Hydrogenation of acetylenic linkages were employed to produce predominantly cis alkenes, and alkali metal/amine reduction was used to produce a trans alkene. It was thus possible to produce the (Z,Z) and the (Z,E) isomers. Methods for olefin inversion were then employed to obtain the other two isomers.
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    Trapping the western pine beetle at and near a source of synthetic attractive pheromone Effects of trap size and position (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 519-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; western pine beetle ; attractant ; pheromone ; behavior ; traps ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.
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    An efficient synthesis of muscalure from jojoba oil or oleyl alcohol (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 557-564 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-9-tricosene ; muscalure ; housefly ; pheromone ; Musca domestica ; jojoba oil ; oleyl alcohol ; sex attractant ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A four-step synthesis of (Z)-9-tricosene (“muscalure”), a component of the pheromone of the housefly, from jojoba oil (or three-step from oleyl alcohol) by 3-carbon (or 5-carbon) unit elongation was developed in overall high yield. The sequence of reactions and the purity of the products could be easily followed, with relatively good accuracy, by NMR technique.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987840
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    Pentatomid natural products (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 161-172 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pentatomidae ; Heteroptera ; Asopinae ; sex attractant ; pheromone ; (E)-2-hexenal ; α-terpineol ; benzyl alcohol ; exocrine glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In addition to the primarily defensive metathoracic glands, adult Pentatomoidea possess a pair of active exocrine glands that open between the III and IV abdominal tergites. In the southern green stink bug,Nezara viridula, and other phytophagous species examined, the glands are small (〈 10 μg secretion/individual) and of approximately equal size in both sexes. In some, but not all, of the predaceous pentatomids (Asopinae), the III-IV dorsal abdominal glands are small in females (〈 10 μg secretion/individual) and extremely large in males (〉500 μg secretion/individual). Using a GC-MS system, the secretion from both males and females ofN. viridula (Pentatominae) was found to contain (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, 1-hexanol, andn-tridecane. Females contained about three times moren-tridecane than males. The capacious glands ofPodisus maculiventris (Asopinae) males produce (E)-2-hexenal, benzyl alcohol, α-terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, andcis-piperitol. The composition of the previously unanalyzed secretions from the adult III-IV dorsal abdominal glands is compared and contrasted to that of secretions from the metathoricic gland, and the role of coexisting exocrine glands in adult Heteroptera is discussed.
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    Heliothis virescens: Attraction of males to blends of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 709-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm ; Heliothis virescens (F.) ; virelure ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol formate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In field trapping experiments, 16∶1 and 32∶1 blends of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate (Z-9-TDF) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z-9-TDAL) caught as manyHeliothis virescens (F.) as 3 virgin females and virelure, the synthetic pheromone of this species [a 16∶1 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11-HDAL) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal]. Z-9-TDF and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol formate (Z-7-DDF) are structurally similar to Z-11-HDAL and Z-9-TDAL, respectively. The sensory input elicited by Z-9-TDF appears to substitute for the sensory input of Z-1 1-HDAL. In contrast, Z-7-DDF had no significant effect on catches of maleH. virescens when used alone, in combination with either Z-11-HDAL or Z-9-TDF as a bait in traps, or as a disruptant of pheromone communication via permeation of the atmosphere. Furthermore, Z-9-TDF may be a more stable and economical attractant forH, virescens males than is Z-1 1-HDAL.
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    Tandem calling pheromone in the genusLeptothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Behavioral analysis of specificity (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 35-52 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Leptothorax ; Mychothorax ; Harpagoxenus americanus ; recruitment ; pheromone ; poison gland ; specificity ; comparative behavioral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ants of the genusLeptothorax recruit to new nest sites and newly discovered food sources by tandem running. This involves one ant directly leading a nestmate to the target area. Pheromones from the poison gland have proved the most important signal employed during this recruitment behavior. Comparative behavioral analysis with 11 species ofLeptothorax demonstrated a subgenus specificity of the tandem calling pheromone between the subgeneraLeptothorax andMychothorax.
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    Determination of enantiomer composition of several bicyclic ketal insect pheromone components (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 27-43 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; multistriatin ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Scolytus multistriatus ; enantiomeric composition ; optical purity ; chiral shift reagent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination by a chiral shift reagent of enantiomer compositions of several bark beetle pheromone components, which are bicyclic ketals. The procedure was carried out on three samples in the range of 200 micrograms. For one sample, the determination was achieved at the level of 5 micrograms.
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    Attraction of redbanded leafroller moths,Argyrotaenia velutinana, to blends of (Z)-and (E)-11-tridecenyl acetates (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 143-149 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Redbanded leafroller ; Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) ; (Z)-11-tridecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tridecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; attractant ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pheromone ofArgyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) is a 92∶8∶150 mixture of (Z)-11-, (E)-11-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetates. An 85∶15 blend of (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tridecenyl acetates produces a trap catch equivalent to that with the pheromone blend. The sensory input elicited by (Z)-11-tridecenyl acetate appears to substitute for the sensory input of both (Z)-11-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetates, whereas the input from (E)-11-tridecenyl acetate appears to substitute for that of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. Surprisingly, addition of dodecyl acetate to the tridecenyl acetates mixture decreases trap catches.
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    Inhibition of the attractant pheromone response inIps pini andI. paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Field evaluation of ipsenol and linalool (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips ; paraconfusus ; I. pini ; pheromone ; allomone ; inhibition ; ipsenol ; linalool ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Linalool, a compound from maleI. pini, previously suggested as an inhibitor forI. paraconfusus, has no obvious effect on the response ofI. paraconfusus to ponderosa pine bolts containing maleI. paraconfusus. I. pini from California and New York equally inhibit the response ofI. paraconfusus to maleI. paraconfusus. Ipsenol, one component of the attractant pheromone ofIps paraconfusus, inhibits attacks byIps pini on ponderosa pine logs baited with maleI. pini. The concentration of ipsenol used appears to be critical for effective suppression of attacks.
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    Isolation and tentative identification of lineatin, a pheromone from the frass ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 549-561 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trypodendron lineatum ; lineatin ; pheromone ; attractant ; tricyclic acetal ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; ambrosia beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An attractant compound was isolated from frass produced byTrypodendron lineatum female beetles boring in Douglas fir. The proposed structure is one of two isomeric tricyclic acetals, to which the trivial name lineatin is assigned.
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    Mating stimulant pheromone and cuticular lipid constituents ofFannia pusio (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 73-81 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) ; pheromone ; mating stimulant pheromone ; (Z)-11-hentriacontene ; cuticular lipid ; fly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatograms of the cuticular lipids washed from newly emerged male and femaleFannia pusio were nearly identical. By the time the flies were 1 day old, the chromatographic profiles for the sexes were different. Mature females contained more C31- and C33-hydrocarbons than the males. The double bonds of the female monoolefins were mostly at the eleventh and thirteenth carbons, but those of the males were predominantly at the ninth carbon. Most active in stimulating copulation by males were the unbranched monoolefins with 31 and 33 carbons from the females. When they were synthesized and tested, the most active compound was (Z)-11-hentriacontene.
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    Identification of the California red scale sex pheromone (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 211-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: California red scale ; Aonidiella aurantii ; pheromone ; attractant ; enantiomer ; isomers (E,Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-yl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone components of female California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) were isolated from airborne collections and found to be 3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decen-1-yl acetate and (Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-yl acetate. Both enantiomers of the latter compound as well as the corresponding enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (S)- or (R)-carvone. Bioassays with each of the four isomers showed that only theR,Z isomer attracted male red scale.
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    Patterns of sex pheromone release from adult females, and effects of air velocity and pheromone release rates on theoretical communication distances inTrogoderma glabrutm (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 395-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; chemical communication distances ; Dermestidae ; 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; pheromone ; release rates ; Trogoderma glabrum ; trogodermal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By means of olfactory communication models, theoretical maximum communication distances for dispensers releasing synthetic (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal (trogodermal) were confirmed in windtunnel tests withTrogoderma glabrum males. Pheromone release rates ofT. glabrum females are at least 104 greater during than before calling, and are gradually reduced after calling. The models predict that, even under ideal conditions, females may attract males from only several meters. The models are used to estimate active space lengths for female and synthetic pheromone sources, as a function of realistic release rates and wind velocities.
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    Behavioral responses of the female eastern spruce budwormChoristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) to the sex pheromone of her own species (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; pheromone ; female behavior ; electroantennogram ; dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female eastern spruce budworm moths respond to the synthetic sex pheromone of their own species (a mixture ofcis- andtrans-11-tetradecenal) by walking, antennal grooming, flexation of the body, extension of the ovipositors, and oviposition. The sex pheromone is perceived by receptors on the antennae. Electroantennogram responses from the female are approximately two-thirds the amplitude of those obtained from males.
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    Heterocyclic compounds as releasers of the fright reaction in the giant danioDanio malabaricus (Jerdon) (Cyprinidae, Ostariophysi, Pisces) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 665-673 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fish ; Danio malabaricus (Jerdon) ; fright reaction ; pheromone ; heterocyclic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-nine pteridine, purine, and pyrimidine derivatives were tested with schools of the giant danioDanio malabaricus (Jerdon). The fright reaction was elicited by three pteridine derivatives: 2,6-diamino-4-oxodihydropteridine, isoxanthopterin, and 6-acetonyliso-xanthopterin. A minor effect could not be excluded for three purine derivatives: I-5-MP, IDP, and ITP.
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    Subspecies specificity of response to a mammalian social odor (1975)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 125-131 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: deer ; mammals ; odor preference ; odor specificity ; olfactory discrimination ; pheromone ; sexual isolation ; social odor ; tarsal scent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two subspecies of deer, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Rocky Mountain mule deer (O. h. hemionus) were exposed to the tarsal scents of both subspecies in a social setting. The scent was sprayed on one individual in a group. The responses, consisting of sniffing, licking, and following, were stronger to each subspecies' own tarsal scent. This discrimination may be important for sexual isolation in areas where the ranges of the two species overlap.
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    Termination of aggregation by the European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 283-289 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: aggregation attractant ; pheromone ; Scolytus multistriatus ; attraction termination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The attractiveness of European elm bark beetle virgin females boring in elm logs declined within two days after the introduction of males. However, in the laboratory and in the field the number of beetles attracted to female-infested bolts was not depressed by the presence of separate logs infested with males or both sexes. It is concluded that the decline in attractiveness following cohabitation of the sexes results from termination of the production of attractant pheromone by mated females rather than the production of antiattractants by either sex.
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    A sex pheromone in the potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller): Biological assay and preliminary chemical investigation (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 465-473 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Phthorimaea operculella ; potato tuberworm ; pheromone ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone was obtained from extracts of adult virgin female abdomens of the potato tuberworm,Phthorimaea operculella. A biological assay method was devised to test males for optimal responsiveness to the pheromone under varying conditions. Chemical analyses of pheromone extracts were initiated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.
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    Sex pheromone of the stable flyl: Isolation and preliminary identification of compounds that induce mating strike behavior (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 377-385 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; C31carbon chain ; C33carbon chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular rinses of the female stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), contained saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons that incited the male fly to attempt couplation. These compounds present in GLC trappings of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction showing highest biological activity were mono- and dimethyl-substituted hentria- and tritriacontanes. Active trappings from the unsaturated hydrocarbon fraction contained (Z)-9-hentriacontene, (Z)-9-tritriacontene, and methyl-branched hentria- and tritriacontenes.
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    Wing scents and scent-released phases in the courtship behavior ofLycaeides argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 399-412 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: butterfly ; sesquiterpene ; scent scales ; mating behavior ; Lycaeides argyrognomon ; nonanal ; hexadecyl acetate ; torreyoi ; δ-cadinol ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Habitats ofLycaeides argyrognomon Bgstr. are described. The most ritualized courtship comprises: male approaching, male fluttering around, female mate refusal posture, female escape flight, sexual chase, female alighting, male fluttering around, female receptive posture, parallel position, male abdomen-bending, male attaching and copulatory position. Field experiments have shown that the refusal posture of mated females is released by odors from the male wings. In unfertilized females this behavior is inhibited by male odor signals. In SEM pictures of the androconial scales of dried specimen, holes and fissures in the upper scale lamella were found. Experiments with models indicate the existence of behavior-releasing odors from the female wings though the females lack scent scales comparable to those of the males. The female scents provoke the whole terminal sequence of the male courtship behavior when combined with a suitable visual object. The volatile material has been analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Wings of males were found to contain nonanal, hexadecyl acetate, and a cyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, tentatively identified as torreyol (δ-cadinol).
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    Chemical communication in the mating behavior ofTrogoderma glabrum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 285-297 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; mating ; Trogoderma ; Dermestidae ; Coleoptera ; behavior ; airborne pheromone ; calling ; Trogoderma glabrum ; (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male mating behavior of the stored product pest beetleTrogoderma glabrum (Herbst) was analyzed into three major phases: arousal/searching, preliminary recognition, and genital (copulatory). Airborne pheromone released by calling females elicits male arousal via antennal sensillae. Contact chemoreception via male mouthpart sensillae appears to be necessary for copulation to occur. A procedure was developed for quantitative bioassay of presumptive pheromone compounds in both airborne and contact chemoreception. (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, present in airborne pheromone, but not detectable in extracts of whole females, elicits both arousal and attempted copulation. The activity of (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal is equal to that of the total airborne pheromone. Activity of additional possible pheromone component candidates [including (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, γ-caprolactone,n-hexanoic acid, and methyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate] was investigated. Evidence for a behavioral role forn-hexanoic acid is presented.
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    (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate sex attractant for the carpenterworm moth,prionoxystus robiniae (peck) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 399-410 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: carpenterworm moth ; Prionoxystus robiniae ; (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; electroantennogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram analyses of female gland extract and of male antennal responses to synthetic standards suggested that (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate is a pheromone component for the carpenterworm moth,Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck). The four 3,5-geometrical isomers were synthesized and bioassayed in the laboratory and the field in 1972, 1973, and 1974. TheZ,E isomer was found to be active in the laboratory and a good attractant in the field. The synthesis of theZ,E isomer also produced considerable quantities of theE,E isomer, which is difficult to remove completely. TheE,E isomer does not inhibit the response of males to theZ,E isomer when it is present in amounts up to 20% of theZ,E isomer. The addition of a keeper, a volatility modifier, or an antioxidant prolonged the activity of the attractant for as much as 43 days. (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate may be a natural pheromone, but it has not been chemically defined from female extract. There is EAG evidence that a second pheromonal component may be present. The attractant nevertheless provides a tool for population survey, behavioral studies, evaluation of economic impact, and possibly control.
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    Improved synthesis ofendo-brevicomin for the control of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 83-86 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; synthesis ; endo-brevicomin ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; D. brevicomis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract endo-Brevicomin for testing as pheromone for the control of bark beetles was synthesized in experimental quantities fromtrans-3-hexen-1-ol. Methods used were adapted from procedures for synthesizing ew-brevicomin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988027
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    (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 721-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; secondary sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate [(Z)-9-TDA], identified originally as the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), acted as a secondary sex pheromone when it was tested in sticky traps in field tests. Low-level synergism was obtained when 2 and 10% quantities of (Z)-9-TDA were added to 100 μg of (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate, which is now considered the primary sex pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986556
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  • 89
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    Synthesis and field testing of 4,6,6-lineatin, the aggregation pheromone ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 681-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trypodendron lineatum ; 4,6,6-lineatin ; 3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.04,7]nonane ; pheromone ; attractant ; tricyclic acetal ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; ambrosia beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Authentic 4,6,6-lineatin (3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo-[3.3.1.04,7]nonane) (I) was produced in low yield via three synthetic pathways. In field tests, microgram amounts of the product from all three syntheses attracted large numbers ofTrypodendron lineatum of both sexes. These results confirm that 4,6,6-lineatin (I) is a population aggregation pheromone forT. lineatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986553
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  • 90
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    Evidence for a sex pheromone in the hide beetle,Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 805-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dermestes maculatus ; Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; pheromone ; behavior ; bioassay ; circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adults of the hide beetle,Dermestes maculatus (De Geer), were shown to have a female-produced sex pheromone which excited males. Male response was positively correlated with increasing age, but females produced a higher level of pheromone at 6–8 days of age than at younger or older ages. Extractable female pheromone and male response varied over the photophase with peak values that occurred during the latter hours. Quantitative bioassay indicated that the 50% male response level (RD50) would be elicited by a pheromone exposure of 0.01 female equivalents (FE). Females extracted 24 hr after mating had a lower level of extractable pheromone than did virgin females of the same age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986565
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  • 91
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    Attraction of nematodes to metabolites of yeasts and fungi (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 909-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractants ; nematodes ; Panagrellus redivivus ; Rhabditis oxycerca ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; predacious fungi ; methyl acetate ; ethyl acetate ; propyl acetate ; butyl acetate ; amyl acetate ; ethyl formate ; propyl formate ; amyl formate ; ethyl propionate ; sodium methyl dithiocarbamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The free-living nematodesPanagrellus redivivus andRhabditis oxycerca are strongly attracted to methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and amyl acetate, to ethyl, propyl, and amyl formate and to ethyl propionate, but all the respective alcohols and acids are without effect. No loss of attraction is observed when the attractants are combined with lethal concentrations of the commercial nematicide sodium methyl dithiocarbamate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990213
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  • 92
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    Variation in attraction of individual male gypsy moths to (+)- and (±)-disparlure (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 935-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lymantria dispar ; gypsy moth ; pheromone ; polymorphism ; disparlure ; enantiomer ; cis-7 ; 8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane ; attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gyspy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) males atttracted to either (+)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(+)-disparlure] or its racemate [(±)-disparlure] do not represent distinct behavioral classes of individuals. Males attracted to within 2 cm of either (+)- or (+-)-disparlure dispensers on a tree trunk were caught, marked as to the lure visited, and then released into a 5×5 grid at ca. 20-m spacing of traps baited alternately with (+)-or (±)-disparlure. Males then reattracted to these lures showed no evident preference for the lures at which they were first captured, indicating that males attracted to either of these lures are not behavioral phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990216
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  • 93
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    Sex pheromone communication in the nematode,Rhabditis pellio (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: nematode ; Rhabditis pellio ; pheromone ; quantitative bioassay ; daily rhythms ; age effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Both males and females ofRhabditis pellio release pheromones that attract the opposite sex prior to copulation. A quantitative bioassay for the female-produced pheromone was designed, based on male movement toward a pheromone source placed at one end of a 10-mm strip of bacterial material maintained on nutrient agar in a petri plate. Females produced pheromone from the age at which they attained the adult stage (∼3 days following hatching from the egg) and maintained a relatively constant production level until at least the ninth day of life. Similarly, males became responsive to the female pheromone by the third day and remained responsive through the ninth day, although the time required for the males to migrate toward a female pheromone source increased with increasing age. No daily rhythm of pheromone responsiveness by males or pheromone production by females was observed when the nematodes were conditioned to a 12∶12 h light-dark cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988189
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  • 94
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    Sex pheromone of the face fly,Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: face fly ; Musca autumnalis De Geer ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; behavioral bioassay ; (Z)-14-nonacosene ; (Z)-13-nonacosene ; (Z)-13-heptacosene ; mating strike
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Components of a sex pheromone that cause male face flies to strike at females were found to be the straight-chain monoalkenes (Z)-14-nonacosene, (Z)-13-nonacosene, and (Z)-13-heptacosene. Although these compounds were found in the extracts of both sexes, extracts from sexually mature males contained a much higher proportion of nonacosane and heptacosane, which attenuated the activity of the active monoalkenes. The monoalkenes were readily synthesized by a Wittig reaction modified by the use of hexamethylphosphoric triamide as a cosolvent with tetrahydrofuran to produce a product containing 94–96% (Z) isomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987868
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  • 95
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    Determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 307-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Gnathotrichus sulcatus ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae ; Ips pini Idaho ; enantiomeric composition ; seudenol ; sulcatol ; trans-verbenol ; chiral shift reagents ; 4-methyl-3-heptonal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols. The two methods used in the determination were: formation of the derivative with (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride and the use of chiral lanthanide shift reagents. The five alcohols studied and their enantiomeric compositions are: sulcatol fromGnathotrichus sulcatus 65∶35 (+)/(−),trans-verbenol fromDendroctonus frontalis 60∶40 (+)/(−), 4-methyl-3-heptanol fromScolytus multistriatus 100% (−), seudenol fromDendroctonus pseudotsugae 50∶50 (+)/(−), and ipsdienol fromIps pini (Idaho) 100% (−). Determinations were done on 50–500 μg substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988280
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