ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Chemical Engineering  (4,293)
  • 1975-1979  (1,916)
  • 1970-1974  (1,794)
  • 1955-1959  (583)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
  • 1935-1939
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of polypropylene oxide solutions over the entire concentration range (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An empirical equation is presented which describes polymer solution viscosity, η, over the entire concentration range from a knowledge of intrinsic viscosity, [η], Huggins constant, k′, and bulk flow viscosity of polymer, η0. The equation is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{\eta _{sp}}}{{C[\eta]}} = \exp \left\{{\frac{{{\rm k'[}\eta {\rm]C}}}{{1 - bC}}} \right\} $\end{document} where solution viscosity, η, is contained in ηsp. No arbitrary parameters are invoked since b can be evaluated at bulk polymer (C = polymer density) where everything else is known. The equation accurately portrays the viscosity of polypropylene oxide (PPG 2025) from infinite dilution to bulk polymer in a very good solvent (benzene) and in a somewhat poorer (∼ θ) solvent (methylcyclohexane). The hydrodynamic consequences of the thermodynamic interactions between polymer and solvent are reflected in the constants. This equation should be applicable to other polymer/solvent systems, and thus be immediately useful to those working with concentrated polymer solutions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entrance flows of polymeric materials: Pressure drop and flow patterns (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 24-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow at the entrance of a tube or channel is of interest in many polymer processes. Except for mathematical treatments at high Reynolds numbers and in creeping Newtonian flow, one must turn to empirical correlating equations and qualitative observations. These are discussed in two parts, one on pressure drop and the other on flow patterns. The discussion of pressure drop is largely a review, dealing with inertial, viscous, and elastic contributions to the pressure drop in tapered and sharp-edged entrances; also presented are new data for a viscoelastic polymer solution in tapered cone entrances. In the section on flow patterns, stress birefringent data for a very elastic solution flowing into a channel entrance show an unusual effect: stress discontinuities, not unlike “shock waves,” upstream and downstream of the entrances. This is in contrast to Newtonian and less elastic materials in which the stress patterns change gradually between the developed flow region and the entrance region.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression, bending, and shear of bonded rubber blocks (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An approximate theoretical treatment is given for small compressions of bonded rubber blocks. The component of the compressive force arising from the bonded condition at the loaded surfaces is obtained from a pressure distribution within the block, given by the solution of the corresponding torsion problem. The bending of blocks is treated in a similar way, the pressure distribution in this case being derived from the corresponding bending stress function. The apparent shear of relatively thick blocks is then treated as a combination of shear and bending displacements. The location of an internal rupture and the deformation at which it occurs are also derived from a critical (negative) value of the pressure developed within the block, at which a small cavity increases indefinitely in size. The corresponding critical deformations are calculated for extension and bending displacements. The shear stresses developed at the bonded surfaces under extension, compression or bending displacements are also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rheology of polypropylene - the influence of molecular weight distribution on melt elasticity (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structure of isotactic polypropylene, obtained by means of Ziegler-Natta catalysis, can be characterized only by molecular weight distribution. The mechanism of stereospecific catalysis eliminates other variables, i.e., short and long branching. In this case it is possible to develop a rheological study dependent only by polydispersity. The spectrum of relaxation times of five samples of polypropylene have been calculated from swelling measurement in the molten state and from flow master curves. The molecular weight distribution of the samples has been calculated by means of the relaxation spectrum, as suggested by Ferry. This information has been compared with that obtained by a fractionation method. There is a good agreement between the calculated and measured polydispersity curves.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Description of tensile failure of viscoelastic materials under multiaxial loadingWork Performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A description of tensile failure of polymeric materials under multiaxial loading has been formulated, based on a combination of ideas and implications derived from Smith's work on uniaxial tensile failure envelopes and the author's earlier theoretical work. Some simplification of the formal expressions was achieved by imposing restrictions that would assure that the uniaxial failure envelope is recovered under uniaxial tensile stress conditions and that the progression toward failure is monotonically increasing under monotonically increasing loads. The final result emerges as an extension of the uniaxial failure envelope applied to failure under multiaxial loads. Subsequently, the result is capable of describing rate effects to the same extent as can be described by the uniaxial failure envelope. This is an added capability over many of the existing multiaxial failure descriptions. Unfortunately, the result applied at best, only to those materials for which the uniaxial failure envelope applies; thus the generality is restricted. Some preliminary verification is presented for LX-04-1, a high-explosive material composed of 85% HMX and 15% Viton by weight, using Peterman's results from 68°F biaxial tests. Further experimental work is underway.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of ultraviolet degradation and stabilization in plasticsPaper presented at Plastics Institute of American Seventh Annual Conference, November 6, 1969, Hoboken, N. J. (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 228-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When plastics are used for outdoor applications, they often deteriorate fairly rapidly. Theoretical explanation is based upon absorption of ultraviolet energy, raising some bonds to an energy level which exceeds their stability, and thus initiating their breakdown, usually involving atmospheric oxidation and sometimes hydrolysis as well. This theory is satisfactory for many polymers, but does not explain the instability of some polymers which are transparent to ultraviolet, nor the stability of some polymers which contain ultraviolet-absorbing and/or unstable groups. Plastics are often stabiliized by addition of ultraviolet reflectors, absorbers, or deactivators, increasing stability sufficiently for outdoor use; theoretical explanation of their protective action is satisfactory when they work, but does not explain their specificity or their failures.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100408
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing and residence time distribution in melt screw extruders (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The residence time distribution (RTD) functions were derived for screw extruders, based on the “parallel plate” and curved channel flow models. The results indicate a relatively narrow distribution, and they explain several characteristics of screw extruders. The strain distribution in the fluid across the channel was also derived. With the aid of these two functions an average strain of the fluid leaving the extruder was defined. The resulting weighted-average total strain (WATS) provides a quantitative criterion to the “goodness of mixing” in extruders.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100505
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel sensitivity of polybutadiene-based rubber subjected to thermal abuse (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal instability of polybutadiene-based rubber used to improve the impact strength of vinyl-type polymers often presents processing problems. Rubber manufacturers have attempted to alleviate this situation by incorporating various types of stabilizers. However, this is not always successful. One of the consequences of using a rubber that is not sufficiently stable in the production of modified vinyl-type polymers is the formation of insoluble gel particles during processing. In an attempt to prevent this from occurring, a test was developed that can differentiate between rubbers of acceptable and non-acceptable thermal stability. In principle, the test consists of exposing the rubber in question to a controlled thermal abuse of such intensity and duration as to approximate the thermal abuse to which the rubber will be subjected in a normal processing sequence. (The extent of abuse will vary for different processes and must be empirically established for each system.) Following this controlled exposure, the rubber is tested for gel-particle content by filtration of a specific solution, much the same way that the rubber manufacturer tests for initial gel-particle content. Sufficient data have been compiled to statistically describe the validity of the test.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The recent history of planar reinforced plastic resins, including glass flake, high modulus ceramic flake, and continuous vapor coated film composites, is reviewed. The theoretical mechanics of both continuous (film) and discontinuous (flake and ribbon) reinforcements are summarized in simple form. A novel set of design curves is presented from which the lower bound requirements for the flake composite constitutents may be read directly. At the same time, the dependence of the composite ultimate strength on the shear strength of the plastic resin matrix is demonstrated.The mechanical properties of experimental film and flake composites representative of recent work are reported and compared with the theoretical predictions. In conclusion, the potential of planar reinforced plastic resin composites is discussed and found to be significant for applications where low weight and high isotropic stiffness are required, for example in aero-structural, airfoil, or blade components.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torque rheometer evaluation of polypropylene process stability (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of treating torque rheometer test data has been developed. First, it involves converting the torque values measured over a range of temperatures to torques corresponding to a constant reference temperature. Then the log of the calculated torques is plotted against time. The method has been applied to several polypropylene grades, and the effects of numerous test variables have been explored. Correlations have been developed between torque rheometer data and fundamental polymer properties of viscosity and molecular weight. The method should also be applicable to polymers other than polypropylene.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100501
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal kinetic studies using a thermomechanical analyzer II. Rates of penetration of a polymer by a spherical indenterPart I Begins on page 300 of this issue. (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of a commercially available thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) operated in its isothermal mode is illustrated for studies of penetration of a hemispherically-tipped probe into a material sample. Two amorphous copolymers were studied at various temperatures above their softening points. Kinetics of penetration are compared with tensile creep measurements for these viscoelastic materials. A simple semi-empirical relationship between creep and penetration at small strains is applied and found to yield approximate although not exact agreement with experiment. It is thus possible that for homogeneous materials of this type creep data might be easily predicted with a fair degree of accuracy from penetration data and vice versa. Experimental problems involved in the TMA penetration technique are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100509
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential thermal analysis using high frequency dielectric heating III. A mathematical model for predicting radial temperature gradients in the dielectric heating of polymersPart I of this series starts on page 57 and Part II, on page 64. (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to predict radial temperature gradients in polymers during dielectric heating. The time-temperature model includes parameters for rate of dielectric heating, thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity, surface coefficient of heat transfer, and sample radius. The application of this model was checked experimentally on a 2-in. cylinder of cured polyisoprene.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110112
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic melt properties of polymer blends (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical properties of blends of polymer melts were measured using the orthogonal rheometer. Two-phase blends, polyethylene-polystyrene, polyethylene-poly-(methylmethacrylate), and polystyrene-polymethylmethacrylate, were studied. The in-phase and out-of-phase moduli were measured over the range of composition and at frequencies between 10-4 and 10 revolutions/sec.The out-of-phase modulus increases in a monotonic manner with composition. The in-phase modulus, however, shows a maximum with composition in two cases. Examination of the relaxation spectra of these blends shows that when no maximum occurs it can be written as an additive function of the spectra of the components. In the case where a maximum is observed in the modulus the measured spectrum of the blend is shifted in frequency relative to the calculated one. This is tentatively attributed to slight interpretation and solubility of one phase in the other in these cases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100506
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of time and temperature on the mechanical behavior of epoxy composites (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A crosslinked epoxy resin consisting of a 60/40 weight ratio of Epon 815 and Versamid 140 and composites of this material with glass beads, unidirectional glass fibers and air (foams) were tested in tension, compression and flexure to determine the effect of time and temperature on the elastic properties, yield properties and modes of failure. Unidirectional continuous fiber-filled samples were tested at different fiber orientation angles with respect to the stress axis. Strain rates ranged from 10-4 to 10 in./in.-min and the temperature from -1 to 107°C.Isotherms of tangent modulus versus strain rate were shifted to form master modulus curves. The moduli of the filled composites and the foams were predictable over the entire strain rate range. It was concluded that the time-temperature shift factors for tangent moduli and the time-temperature shift factors for stress relaxation were identical and were independent of the type and concentration of filler as well as the mode of loading.The material was found to change from a brittle-to-ductile-to-rubbery failure mode with the transition temperatures being a function of strain rate, filler content, filler type and fiber orientation angle, indicating that the transition is perhaps dependent on the state of stress.In the ductile region, an approximately linear relationship between yield stress and log strain is evident in all cases. The isotherms of yield stress versus log strain rate were shifted to form a practically linear master plot that can be used to predict the yield stress of the composites at any temperature and strain rate in the ductile region. The time-temperature shift factors for yielding were found to be independent of the type, concentration and orientation of filler and the mode of loading. Thus, the composite shift factors seem to be a property of the matrix and not dependent on the state of stress. The compressive-to-tensile yield stress ratio was practically invariant with strain rate for the unfilled matrix, while fillers and voids raised this ratio and caused it to increase with a decrease in strain rate. The yield strain of the composites is less than the unfilled matrix and is a function of fiber orientation and strain rate.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflation and compression of rubber tubes between parallel plates (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 358-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When a thin-walled rubber tube containing an incompressible fluid is compressed between two parallel plates the internal pressure rise depends on the restraints in the contact regions. When there is no friction in the contact zone the pressure rise is lower than when slip is prevented, so that the tube, regarded as a spring, has a compression stiffness which depends on the frictional conditions. The same considerations apply to the inflation of a tube between fixed parallel plates. In this case unstable inflation sets in at a critical pressure when the interfaces are frictionless; the tube develops a pronounced bulge when this pressure is approached. Simple theoretical relations are derived for the internal pressure and compressive force for both these deformations, and for both boundary conditions, assuming that the rubber is Neo-Hookean in elastic behavior. Experimental measurements on tubes of different dimensions are shown to be in reasonably good quantitative agreement with these theoretical predictions in all cases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100609
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of thermally induced solid state polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 364-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A diffusional model was established to study the kinetics of thermally-induced solid state polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Diffusion through solid polymer is the rate controlling step when temperature is higher than 210°C and particle size is no smaller than 100 mesh. The activation energy is 30 Kcal/g mole. In polymerizing powders (20-200 mesh), the crystallinity of prepolymer and its changes during the polymerization affect the diffusivity and thus the polymerization rate. The diffusivity was found to be linearly proportional to the mass fraction of the amorphous phase in PET polymer.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiotracer measurements of sulphur diffusion in rubbers (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The object of measurement was the diffusion of elemental sulphur labelled with the radioisotope S35 in typical representatives for various types of rubber. The highest values of diffusion coefficient have been found in cis 1,4 polybutadiene. The lowest measured value was found for butyl rubber. The activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients, ranges from 4 to 10 kcal mol-1. For some rubbers studied, the activation energy is to a certain degree dependent upon temperature. The values of the diffusion coefficients and the characteristic constants for their temperature dependence are related to the mobility of the macromolecular segments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100613
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical melting model for plasticating extruders (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical model for melting in plasticating extruders is described. Compared to previous models, this model introduces more accurate and less restrictive assumptions, adds a mass balance on the entire channel, and replaces certain approximate solutions by exact solutions. Flow of the solid bed is represented by a solid bed acceleration parameter, SBAP, which permits solid bed acceleration in a screw compression section. New experimental melting data for a variety of screw designs, polymers, and extruder sizes are presented and compared to the theoretical predictions. With the optimum SBAP, reasonably accurate model prediction of the melting profiles is observed for a wide variety of cases.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110313
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in instrumentation and technique of torsional pendulum and torsional braid analyses (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A torsional pendulum which operates throughout the temperature range  -  180° ⇄ +650°C, and permits the examination of specimens which conform to ASTM standard D2236 is reported. The same apparatus is used for torsional braid analyses for which a composite specimen is prepared by impregnating a multifilament glass braid with a solution of polymer and thermally removing the solvent. A linear-with-angle no-drag optical transducer which employs the linear transmission region of a pair of polarizers is described. The apparatus has been used for examining thermo-hysteresis effects in polymers. Hysteresis can arise in polymers from physical time-dependent phenomena such as crystallization ⇄ fusion, dry atmosphere ⇄ water vapor, annealing ⇄ cracking, and from chemical reactions. Thermally-induced chemical reactions can be regulated so as to freeze out preferentially longer range relaxations, thereby extending the glassy state behavior to higher temperatures. A comparison of the thermomechanical behavior of a commercially available polyimide film and of a polyimideforming varnish is reported using torsional pendulum and torsional braid analyses.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110406
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-time superposition of creep data for polypropylene and coupled glass-reinforced polypropylene (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glass-reinforced thermoplastics are being considered in many structural applications and fabricators require design information on these materials. Basic creep data are, in many cases, the most useful for design purposes. The work reported here concerns the development of methods of increasing our efficiency in generating creep data. The methods developed are applicable to polypropylene and coupled, glass-reinforced polypropylene. A stress-time superposition procedure has been found valid for extending creep data generated on coupled glass-reinforced polypropylene at several glass levels and at temperatures of 23 and 80°C.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of plasticating in a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies were performed with low density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers and on polyvinyl chloride to elucidate the nature of the plasticating process in a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine. Melting data, obtained by use of the “cooling experiment,” and plastic temperature data reveal that the screw recharge process is a transient plasticating extrusion process which gradually approaches the equilibrium extrusion behavior as the screw rotates. If the screw rotation time is a high percentage of the total cycle time, the plasticating behavior is very similar to steady-state extrusion behavior, but if the screw rotation time is a small percentage of the total cycle time, the plasticating behavior is significantly different. Furthermore, better plasticating is obtained by use of a low RPM and high percentage rotation time than by a high RPM and low percentage rotation time.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certain effects of melt-shearing and cooling on the stress-strain behavior of thermoplastic elastomers (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The peculiar behavior of thermoplastic elastomers in molding suggested that the processing steps (mainly shearing) to which the material had been submitted had a great influence on the morphology. Experiments were carried out on two polysstyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene elastomers. The effects of melt-shearing and cooling were examined both by mechanical testing and low angle X-ray scattering. Melt-shearing creates a marked morphological anisotropy but a form of annealing can occur at sufficiently high temperatures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110506
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polymer composites by electron microprobe analysis (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 34-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the use of an electron microprobe for characterizing filler and polymer dispersios in polymer composites. Examples described are: filler distribution in sisal reinforced polyester; aggregation of titanium dioxide in glassreinforced polyester; mixing behavior in a blend of silicone rubber, natural rubber, and titanium dioxide; and distribution of silica in a low-gloss paint on an ABS plastic surface. The limitations of electron microprobe analyses for qualitative and quantitative studies, the use of back scattered electrons for surface topography, and techniques for preparing specimens are mentioned.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110501
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical melting model for a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical model for the transient melting behavior in a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine is proposed. The model is based on a steady state extrusion model, Neumann's melting problem, and a heuristic postulate for the transient behavior. The model predictions are compared to experimental melting data for low density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers and polyvinyl chloride for a variety of operating conditions and two screw designs. A useful degree of correlation is demonstrated for all experimental cases.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110503
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of polymer melt flow instabilities in extrusion (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study is carried out to elucidate the melt fracture mechanism. For the study, the electrical outputs of the melt pressure transducers, mounted on the wall of a circular tube, are recorded on a Sanborn recording system. It has been observed from this study that the wall pressures start to fluctuate prior to the inception of visible melt fracture. The frequency and amplitude of the excursion signals are increased as the shear rate is increased up to and beyond the critical value. This behavior has been observed for three polymer samples tested: polystyrene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. The fluctuations of wall pressures are interpreted as due to an irregular flow of polymer melts at the tube wall. It is further investigated to find the effects of the die entry angle of a capillary, and capillary length-to-diameter ratio on the critical shear rate. A correlation between exit pressure and shear stress has been found for polystyrene and low density polyethylene. It is found that at and above the critical stress, the exist pressure increases abruptly. This is interpreted to be a sudden change in the elastic properties of the materials above melt fracture since Han et al have shown that the exist pressure is a measure of the elastic properties.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110507
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective photosensitization of photopolymerization systemsRead at Regional Technical Conference, “Photopolymers: Principles, Processes and Materials,” Mid-Hudson Section, Society of Plastics Engineers, Inc., Nevele Country Club, Ellenville, New York, October 15-16, 1970. Preprinted with a longer bibliography in Conference Papers. (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 405-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The current art for image-wise photopolymerization is reviewed and the prospective future developments are briefly assessed. Photomechanics, photoengraving, gravure, lithography, chromophores, dye sensitization, cyanine photopolymerization, bathochromy, and phototanning are covered. Primary photoprocesses, their sensitization by cyanines, Oster photopolymerization, photovinyls, diazo and diazido-sensitized systems, and secondary photoprocesses are discussed. A bibliography is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110510
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer to molten polymersThe author wishes to acknowledge the Society of Plastics Engineers for allowing the use of tabulated temperature and flow data that were published in Polym. Eng. Sci. The author further wishes to thank the Naval Research Laboratory for supporting the conduct and publication of this work. (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 140-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The processing of polymers and other solids, such as waxes and acids, often requires the melting of a bulk or granular charge before its introduction into a process stream. Two approximate techniques for relating heat transfer and melting rates are presented here and the shielding effect of the melt formation is considered. The heat available for melting is sometimes remarkably decreased by the heat carried away by the flowing melt. Means are presented for quantitatively determining the shielding or sensible heat effect of the film. The thermal efficiency of the phase transformation process is discussed, and the effects of heat loss to both increased bulk temperature of the flowing melt and conduction in the solid are demonstrated. A comparison with experiment is made using temperature and melt flow data for polyethylene and polyoxymethylene. Heat transfer coefficients and melting correlations useful in practice are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120211
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polybutadiene/polystyrene interpenetrating polymer networks (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) of polybutadiene (PB) and polystyrene (PS) were prepared using both random (containing 36% cis, 55% trans, and 9% 1,2 vinyl) PB and high-cis PB. For both series, a wide range of PB/PS compositions were synthesized. Using samples stained with osmium tetroxide, electron microscope studies revealed an irregular cellular structure of a few hundred Ångstrom diameter with the first component, PB, making up the cell walls. The size of the cells was found to depend on the PB crosslink density for the random materials. Modulus-temperature data revealed two distinct glass transitions, confirming the microscopy finding of two phases. However, the transition temperature and transition slope varied with composition, and with the microstructure of the polybutadiene, giving evidence of significant molecular mixing. Stress-strain data on the IPN's showed that materials rich in PB behave like self-reinforced elastomers. Charpy impact resistance experiments on materials rich in PS indicated values of 5 ft-lb/in. of notch, which compares well with graft-type polyblends of similar PB/PS composition. The results were interpreted in the light of the recent theoretical work of Bragaw, who considered the importance of the distances between domain boundaries with respect to crack acceleration mechanics. Although the IPN's considered herein exhibited somewhat less than the predicted optimum phase dimensions, the arrangement of the domains is different from ordinary impact resistant plastics.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of fatigue cracks in polycarbonate (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rapid increase in the rate of application of thermoplastics in engineering design problems and the interest in the structural use of these materials have resulted in the requirement of comprehensive information about the behaviour of thermoplastics when subjected to cyclic loading conditions. In addition to the “total fatigue life” data already available for many materials, attempts have been made to analyse the crack initiation and steady crack growth processes and determine the effects of parameters such as mean load, frequency and crack geometry on the rate of crack propagation. The results of an investigation of these aspects of fatigue crack growth in a brittle thermoplastic, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), have already been reported. In this paper, the results of a test program devised to study the behaviour, at room temperature and in air, of a polycarbonate, (PC), under similar loading conditions, are presented. Fracture Mechanics concepts have been used to analyse the results. It was found that a relationship of the form ȧN = β λn already shown to predict the cyclic fatigue crack propagation rate in PMMA, is also applicable to polycarbonate. However, when the effects of frequency and loading rate were studied, it was found that after the magnitude of parameter K̇( = ΔK/half the periodic time) exceeded 4000 lbf in. -3/2 s-1, the influence of the mean level of stress intensity factor, Km, became negligible in comparison to the effect of ΔK.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold rolled ABS. Part 1: The effect of rubber particle size on the tensile properties of ABS before and after cold rollingPresented in part to the Polymer Division, The American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., September 1971. (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of rubber particle size on the tensile properties of rolled and unrolled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene has been studied by considering model systems consisting of mixtures of a small particle (0.1 micron diam) rubber, S, and a large particle (0.56 micron diam) rubber, L, in an SAN matrix. Before rolling, tensile toughness is characterized by crazing. While both rubber induce matrix crazing, ABS systems containing only the S rubber exhibits early failure due to crack formation, before crazing is propagated very far along the tensile axis. The inefficiency of the small particle rubber is interpreted in terms of high composite yield stress and insufficient distance between particles to allow craze branching. The efficiency of the small particle rubber is improved via the addition of a small amount of large particle, L, rubber to the composite or by a slight degree of cold rolling, both of which enhance craze propagation in the tensile direction. With further rolling, the tensile deformation mode changes from one of localized crazing, which is propagated, to one of uniform deformation, which occurs without crazing.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Block and graft polymers their synthesis, especially by living polymer technique, and their properties (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The various structures encountered in block and graft polymers are reviewed and a nomenclature useful for the description of these macromolecules is proposed. The concept of living polymers is elucidated and its ramifications discussed. It is shown how greatly the control of polymerization and the uniformity of the products is improved when living polymers are used as the reagents. Their application in the synthesis of block and graft polymers is illustrated by numerous examples. Other synthetic techniques yielding block and graft polymers are briefly sketched, their advantages and shortcomings being considered. Properties of block and graft polymers are described, special attention being devoted to the problems of mesomorphic phases and to the morphology of block polymers. The incompatibility phenomena observed in block and graft polymer systems are compared with those encountered in studies of the polymeric blends.Finally, the present and future applications of block and graft polymers are considered and their potential evaluated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanical behavior of thermoplastic materials in the deep drawing process (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study presents a mechanical analysis of the deep drawing of thermoplastics in the glassy state. A theoretical stress analysis is conducted by applying principles of classical plasticity together with several assumptions. A simple model is presented relating drawing performance with the mechanical properties of the plastic measured under the conditions of the fabrication operation. An experimental procedure is described for evaluating the drawability of a plastic. Data on thirteen thermoplastics are used to demonstrate the applicability of the theory developed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniaxial extension of polyvinyl chloride in the high-elastic state (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dependence of true stress on the extension ratio of PVC threads has been determined for a wide range of extension rates. Since the polymer subjected to deformation was in the high-elastic state (at temperatures from 90 to 160°), the deformations were predominantly high-elastic. The dependence of true stress on the amount of high-elastic deformation is described by the Mooney-Rivlin equation.Relaxation moduli have been found on the basis of measurements of stress relaxation at constant deformation after various extension ratios were attained at different rates. Within the limits of deformation regimes at which the true stress is an increasing function of extension ratio the relaxation moduli do not depend on extension ratio and rate of extension. This enables one to arrive at a master curve of the relaxation modulus versus relaxation time with the reservation indicated above concerning the increasing character of the dependence of true stress on extension ratio. The relaxation spectrum represented by the high-elasticity plateau has been determined from the relaxation moduli according to the first approximation.The experimental data for a very wide range of deformation regimes and temperatures are presented in the form of an invariant dependence of the ratio of true stress to the rate of deformation on the product of deformation time by extension ratio.The ultimate strength of the specimens frozen rapidly after the attainment of definite extension ratios is determined by the accumulated high-elastic deformation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elastic, anelastic and plastic components of strain in the load-extension curve for bisphenol-A polycarbonateThis Material was presented at the meeting of the American Physical Society, Atlantic City, N.J., March 27-30, 1972. (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 346-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A procedure has been developed for analyzing the elongation of a specimen in a tensile test for the elastic, anelastic, and plastic components of strain. The procedure was applied to bisphenol-A polycarbonate, which showed the division between the anelastic and plastic components to be justified and gave the following results. First, the elastic modulus was found to be essentially constant, independent of stress up to at least 7,000 psi. Second, the strain accumulated at the yield point was found to be mainly anelastic and recoverable with release of the stress. Third, plastic or non-recoverable strain was mainly accumulated only beyond the yield point. These latter two results suggest that anelasticity is important for ductility. The relatively large anelastic response at low stresses that contribute to the ductility of polycarbonate probably arises from both the large size of the moving segment and the large low temperature loss process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120506
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron fractography of lap-shear joints (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fracture surfaces of Epon 901/B-3 bonded aluminum alloy joints in the lap-shear configuration were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Major differences in the appearance of the fracture surface from those reported (8) for tensile loaded joints at 23°C are produced either by cyclic loading at 23°C or a change in test temperature to -196°C. Fracture in tensile loaded joints at -196°C is a brittle single step process in the opening mode in which rapid crack extension occurs throughout the joint with very little adhesive flow. Tensile fatigue fracture at 23°C is in the opening mode but crack extension is complicated by extensive adhesive flow throughout the entire joint.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of melt flow as a measure of low density polyethylene processability into blown films (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Melt capillary flow and extrudate swelling for low density polyethylenes (LDPE), differing in ease of heavy-duty, blownfilm extrusion, have been employed as processability criteria. LDPE of good processability is characterized by a unique combination of melt fluidity, temperature, shear rate dependence and melt elasticity. These characteristics of flow are correlated with LDPE film blowing process variables such as maximum take-up speed, film thickness scatter, and extruder temperatures profile. Intuitively, these melt flow criteria should be extended to Trouton's viscosity and the tensile strength of the melt. The limited development of the elongation viscometry techniques, however, has limited their application.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120613
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rubber particle size on deformation mechanisms in glassy epoxy (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When tested in tension, a cross-linked epoxy resin can be made to exhibit shear yielding. A modified von Mises criterion, τ = τ0 - μP describes the yielding behavior of the same resin under a biaxial stress system, indicating that the flow of the material is pressure sensitive.Butadien-acrylonitrile elastomer particles suspended in the cross-linked epoxy matrix induce large local deformations when the composite material is stressed. Particles a few hundred Angstroms in diameter cause the glassy matrix to exhibit shear banding, and the macroscopic failure envelope of such a system follows a modified von Mises criterion similar to that of the matrix resin. It was found that the coefficient of internal friction, τ, and the activation energy for yielding are approximately the same for the two cases. With larger particles (5-15,000 Å diam) the failure mode changes as shown by the macroscopic yield envelope and the associated activation energy. Electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces show microcavitation, similar to crazing around each particle; the deformed glassy polymer around each particle retracts upon heating the matrix above its Tg. The fracture surface work value of the unmodified matrix is 1.75 × 105 ergs/cm2. With 10 pph small particles, the value increases to 3.32 × 105 and with 10 pph of large particles, to 15.48 × 105 ergs/cm2.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and thermal characterization of thermoset cure (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC-1) is used to characterize the cure of a general-purpose polyester during isothermal and scanning experiments. The technique is based on a new proposed model for the kinetics of isothermal cure. The model yields results which are in good agreement with experimental isothermal rate of reaction and integral heat of reaction data. It also gives some information about the residual reactivity of the sample after an isothermal cure experiment. With the aid of the proposed kinetic model, it is possible to obtain integral heats of reaction and rates of heat generation at different temperatures during a scanning experiment. The difference between the rate of heat input to the sample and the heat of reaction at any instant during scanning may be used to calculate the specific heat of the sample at the same instant. Specific heat data show two maxima during each scanning experiment. These maxima may be associated with transitions occurring during cure in the melt and rubbery states.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variables affecting parison diameter swell and their correlation with rheological parameters (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An important factor in the selection of blow molding resins for producing handled bottles is the effective diameter swell of the parison. Ideally, the diameter swell is directly related to the weight swell and would require no separate consideration. In actual practice, the existence of gravity, the finite parison drop time and the anisotropic aspects of the blow molding operation prevent reliable prediction of the parison diameter swell directly from the weight swell.The parison diameter swell is a complex function of the weight swell, the rate of swell and the melt strength. Elements of this function are presented which show the effect of extrusion rate, parison drop time and parison weight.A technique is presented which allows the estimation of local weight and diameter swell ratios. Their direct relationship is confirmed by data obtained on several blow molding resins. The relationship between weight swell and diameter swell is definitely anisotropic.A mathematical model for swell is proposed which incorporates experimentally determined rate constants and swell coefficients. Correlations are given which suggest fundamental relationships between these derived coefficients and basic variables such as resin properties or process conditions. The model's predictive capability is demonstrated by using it to back calculate parison dimensions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130212
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanical properties of high-density rigid polyurethane foams in compression: II. Yield behavior (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 72-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of rigid polyurethane foams of densities varying from 65 kg/m-3 to 400 kg/m-3 have been tested in compression as a function of rate and temperature. Two yield points are observed, the lower one being associated with the surface layers, the higher with the bulk of the material. The yield points may be predicted to a first approximation for the higher density foam using a model based on the buckling of a thinwalled cylinder.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140112
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorinated polyethylene modification of blends derived from waste plastics. Part II: Mechanism of modification (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Previous publications have shown that the stress-strain behavior, especially ductility, of some incompatible polymer blends are greatly improved by the addition of slurry produced chlorinated polyethylenes (CPE). This improvement is greatest for blends containing polyethylene and PVC. The most effective CPE's have some residual polyethylene crystallinity and may be described as block-like polymers with ethylene sequences and chlorine containing sequences. It is postulated that CPE addition improves the blend properties by increasing the adhesion between domains in the blend via interactions with the blend components. This hypothesis was explored by thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical testing, adhesion studies, and microscopy. It is concluded that the interaction of CPE with polyethylene derives from compatibility of rather long methylene sequences in CPE with the polyethylene which results in good adhesive bonding. The interaction of CPE with PVC may not be owing to segmental compatibility but simply good mutual adhesion between similar polar materials. There is no interaction or adhesion between CPE and polystyrene as would be expected. CPE addition to blends is accompanied by a decrease in component domain size. The relationship between CPE structure and its effectiveness as a blend modifier is discussed.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow properties of poly (vinyl chloride) (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 322-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A detailed review of the material published to date on the flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride) is given. The dependence of viscosity on concentration molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, shear and temperature for concentrated and molten poly (vinyl chloride) is considered. Polymer blends and plastisols are also included.
    Additional Material: 40 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130503
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of the “melt strength” test (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 342-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The “melt strength” test for molten polymers is shown to be a function of several rheological parameters. Interpretation of results in terms of extensional viscosity differences is consequently not straightforward, if possible at all.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130505
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of an epoxidized novolac resin anhydride structure on the properties of resin (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 357-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The properties of an epoxidized novolac resin cured with two homologous series of substituted succinic anhydrides (alkenyl and alkyl) have been determined and the effects of anhydride structure on properties have been evaluated. Substituted succinic anhydrides yield cured resins with lower strengths, lower heat distortion temperatures, and lower moduli. Use of substituted succinic anhydrides could broaden the range of application of alicyclic anhydrides to include those requiring a more flexible resin. Effects of specific elements of anhydride structure have been consistently interpreted from properties measurements and from aging and solvent resistance studies.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130507
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of crystallinity on the beta-transition in poly(vinyl chloride) (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 362-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of changes in crystallinity on the β-transition in poly(vinyl chloride) was studied by dynamic mechanical measurements of loss tangent (tan δ) and storage modulus (E′) over the temperature range -160° to 85°C. Four frequencies were covered, 3.5, 11, 35, and 110 Hz. The data presented demonstrate that crystallinity has a significant influence on the relaxation processes involved in the β-transition. The restrictions on segmental mobility imposed by crystallinity are most pronounced in the region between Tβ and Tg, with Tβ tending to shift to lower temperatures, Tg shifting to slightly higher temperatures, the magnitude of tan δ decreasing, and engineering tensile strength increasing. Our data also show that individual PVC resins have mechanical and physical properties which differ enough so that comparisons which are often made between them may be inconclusive. Moreover, the properties of one resin may be more sensitive to thermal treatment than those of another. We are continuing this study to establish correlations between the observed trends and other important mechanical properties such as impact strength, toughness, tensile, and compressive strength.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140510
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fiber-matrix adhesion on the properties of short fiber reinforced ABS (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile strength, fracture energy, and impact strength of ABS reinforced with discontinuous crystalline fibers such as FybexDu Pont trademark. can be controlled by manipulating fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. In “good bonding” situations composite tensile strength, thermal expansion coefficient, and elastic moduli are significantly improved over the unfilled resin. The excellent impact strength of unreinforced ABS can be retained by lowering the fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. This results in a corresponding reduction in the improvements in tensile and flexural strength. However, the elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficients are relatively insensitive to changes in adhesion. Consequently, a material with high modulus (〉500,000 psi), high Izod impact resistance (7.0 ft-lb/in.), and low expansion coefficient (3.0 × 10-5 in./in./°F) can be obtained. A material with this unique combination of properties should find use in large parts such as camper tops, truck grilles, and snowmobile bodies.Fiber-matrix adhesion was measured directly by an x-ray analysis technique which could be employed because of the fiber's crystallinity and unique growth habit. This independent measurement allowed a correlation between bonding and composite properties. The interfacial bond strength was manipulated by a variety of fiber coatings and resin additions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130603
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of oxidation stability of polyolefins by thermal analysis (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is well known for measuring temperatures and heats of physical and chemical transitions in materials. Recent development work on improved stabilization systems for polyolefin wire insulations has required fast procedures for measuring the performance of stabilization systems. Isothermal DTA procedures have been developed into routine tools for measuring stability of polyolefins by determining the oxidative induction time at elevated temperatures.Oxidative induction time has been used to study the stability of polyethylene and polypropylene in raw material form and on wire. The dependence on temperature and antioxidant concentration have been measured. Effects of oxidation catalysts, catalyst deactivators and various environmental exposures are readily observed. Techniques and apparatus have been developed for simultaneous testing of a multiplicity of samples, providing for economical large scale use of the method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130604
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-strain behavior of polychloroprene vulcanizates containing polymer-gel particles (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The equations of stress-strain of gel-filled polymer under large deformation were derived by using a simple model i.e. a sphere in a cubic matrix. The author finds for no adhesion between the phases: In case of perfect adhesion between the phases: where σ(α) is the stress of a blend at an elongation ratio of α, σR(α) the stress of a rubber matrix at α, σG(αG) the stress of a gel component at αG, σR (αR) the stress of a rubber matrix at αR, φ the volume fraction of gel. The validity of Eq 1 was shown for the polychloroprene vulcanizates containing polystyrene-gel which exhibits no adhesion with the polychloroprene matrix. This result shows the value of the model proposed here. The tensile strength of polychloroprene vulcanizates filled with polychloroprene-gel at break is discussed by the use of Eqs 2-4.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140212
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Key indicators for plastics performance in consumer products (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two overriding characteristics for major applications of plastics in consumer products are: - the need for high volume production and - their exposure to hostile environments.Successful application and continued growth for plastics in these products requires knowledgeable prediction of performance in the process to produce the plastic part and in the environments to which it will be exposed during the product's lifetime. Progress on establishing relationships between material properties and structure are described with emphasis on response to melt process conditions and behavior when exposed to hostile environments.Commercial plastics and the processes by which they are converted into useful applications are complex systems. A multitude of interacting variables must be dealt with in order to achieve successful implementation in commercial products. Specific examples are discussed in the area of processing for non-Newtonian flow characteristics and overt effects in injection molding and extrusion, tailoring of polymers within established rheological limits and the influence of melt processing on physical and mechanical properties. The influence of application environments is discussed and specific examples are given for environmental stress cracking, stress-environment embrittlement and the effects of hot water solutions on polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow visualization for injection molding of polyethylene and polystyrene melts (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 212-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow patterns have been observed during the injection molding of rheologically characterized low-density polyethylene and polystyrene melts under various molding conditions. Some studies of high-density polyethylene were also carried out. Various mold designs were included in the study and the flow patterns investigated under both isothermal and cold cavity wall conditions. In addition to investigating injection molding of single polymer melts, flow patterns in the sandwich molding of polyethylene and polystyrene were studied.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-temperature superpositioning of viscosity-time profiles of three high temperature epoxy resins (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 50-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The chemo-rheological behavior has been elucidated for three high temperature epoxy resins. Constant temperature and shear stress measurements were made on a modified Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. Curing behavior of various temperatures is unified by a time-temperature superposition method. The curing rate of one resin, Ferro E-293, is limited by the chemical reaction. The other resins, 3M PR-286 and PR-288, each have consecutively occurring reactions, both of which are diffusion limited. The chemo-rheological information obtained for these materials is used to model viscosity for compression molding of hand-laidup composites.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of melt flow and melt stability (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 98-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The melt flow of a plastic as measured by the standard method (ASTM D-1238) is at a high enough stress so that the flow is non-Newtonian. If the die in the plastometer is replaced by a nonstandard, tapered die of large orifice, a lower stress can be used and the flows are shown to be comparable to Newtonian viscosities measured in a cone and plate rheometer. Under these conditions the plastometer can be used as a sensitive measure of the melt stability of a plastic.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface area of bulk poly(vinyl chloride) (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The porosity of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) resin particles produced in bulk polymerization is sensitive to polymerization conditions. Using scanning electron microscopy, 60μ spherical beads of PVC are shown to be composed of loosely packed 1μ spherical subparticles. This complex morphology is characterized by a variability in surface area. The surface area of bulk PVC materials can be measured by a chromatographic technique. The elution time of n-octane as a probe molecule on PVC packed columns is simply related to PVC surface area. At approximately constant particle size (measured by Coulter counter and optical microscopy), surface areas measured by argon adsorption are correlated to chromatographic elution times. The bulk density, plastisol viscosity and pore volume (from mercury penetration porosimetry) are determined and related to specific surface area.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold rolling of polymers 2. Toughness enhancement in amorphous polycarbonates (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of cold rolling on the Izod impact strength of amorphous polycarbonates has been studied. The impact strength is a function of the roll reduction as well as the original sheet thickness. Sheets varying from 0.125 to 0.645 inches in thickness have been studied and roll reductions up to 50 percent have been utilized. It is shown that enhancement in impact strength occurs at very small percent roll reductions. The orientation release stress has been measured as a function of roll reduction and the internal stresses through the thickness of the sheets have been studied by birefringence methods. It is suggested that the residual stresses are responsible for impact enhancement rather than the molecular orientation.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of mechanical properties of thermoplastic films by creep measurements (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 702-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasticized poly(methyl methacrylate) and methyl methacrylate/acrylate copolymer films were examined by isothermal creep at low loads measured at several temperatures from ∼Tg to Tg + 15°C. Viscosity calculated using η = σ/3\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} was plotted vs temperature giving precise values for Tg based on a viscosity criterion of η = 1013 poises. Creep fracture data at various temperatures below Tg were interpreted using the maximum apparent viscosity measured at the minima of strain rate vs strain curves. Plots of ηmax VS stress at several temperatures gave values of ΔTg/Δσ of -1° to 2°C/106 N/m2 in agreement with treatment of ΔTg/Δσ based on free volume. Fracture occurred at low elongations when ηmax was ≥1013 poises, and at higher elongations when ηmax was 〈1013 poises supporting the concept that fracture is related to the lowering of Tg under stress. Plots of log σ VS log εb (the elongation at fracture) had the same form as that for crosslinked elastomers above Tg reported by T. L. Smith. Plots of log \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document}b VS log εb also had the same form supporting proposals on the rate sensitivity of fracture.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141008
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable development response of resists using electron beam lithography: Methods and applications (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 538-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the manufacture of electronic devices for integrated circuits, reducing the number of resist steps is desirable for a variety of reasons. We describe some experiments on a process aimed at reducing the number of resist and registration steps in electron beam lithography. The process involves locally varying the electron dose in an electron sensitive resist (in this case poly[methyl methacrylate]) so that the different levels of exposure can be distinguished by subsequent developing. Reliable results have been achieved with three levels: (i)Strongly exposed (resist removed after short immersion in developer).(ii)Partially exposed or “metastable” (resist removed only after prolonged immersion in developer).(iii)Unexposed.In strongly exposed regions, operations such as etching may take place while using the metastable and unexposed regions to protect the workpiece. Subsequently, the metastable region may be developed for further processing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140715
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear polycarboranesiloxanes (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 567-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Aspects of the present status of structure-property correlations for linear polycarboranesiloxanes which contain rigid carborane cages and flexible siloxane in-chain linkages are discussed. Low temperature secondary transitions, glass transitions, crystallization and melting transitions, and high temperature chemical transformations in inert and air atmospheres are emphasized. The linear polymers serve as the basis for new high-temperature elastomers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140805
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoforming conditions in transparent/opaque coextruded sheet (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 810-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Processors have encountered processing problems in dealing with thermoforming co-extruded sheet where one layer is semitransparent to incident radiant energy of the heater banks and the other is opaque. An analysis of the radiant heating process shows that significant volumetric absorption of radiant energy takes place within the semitransparent sheet. From the model, it is shown that to minimize temperature excursions within laminated sheets (and thus reduce the tendency for delamination and blistering), heater banks should be programmed to cycle in an on-off mode with a rather short cycle period.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141114
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a fluid environment on the stiffness of polymers (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 831-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of an isopropanol environment on the deformation characteristics of copoly (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) have been investigated. Creep tests were performed in tension and torsion both in air and in isopropanol. It was noted that accelerated rates of creep were encountered during the tensile tests in isopropanol as compared with air but no differences were noted during the torsion tests. An explanation is proposed that the greatly increased creep strains encountered in tension result from diffusion of the fluid into the polymer. The rate of diffusion is controlled by changes in the free volume which occur on application of uniaxial tensile stresses. The existence of the fluid molecules in the polymer matrix reduce its local creep resistance and produce swelling, both of which are manifested as increased creep strains. The fact that no effects were noted during torsion tests (where the free volume remains constant) or when an unstressed specimen was immersed in the fluid indicates that no significant absorption occurs at the equilibrium (unstressed) free volume.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of melt elasticity from viscosity data (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 859-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple method for predicting the primary normal stress function, θ, from viscosity data is proposed. A relation between θ and the viscosity function, θ, based on the Goddard-Miller rheological equation of state, is given. An easy-to-use generalized chart for estimating θ from θ is presented; in order to use this chart, viscosity data must be available from the zero-shear-rate value of the “power law region.” The method was applied to six polymer melts, three polymer solutions, and an aluminum soap solution for which θ had been measured experimentally. Even though θ varied by a factor of 103 over the examined range of shear rate, the theory and experiment seldom differed by more than a factor of 2. The generalized chart for θ was combined with Tanner's theory to prepare a graph which may be used to estimate jet swell from viscosity data. Comparison with experimental data of jet swell for 4 polymer melts shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141209
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polymeric structure on the permeation rate in standard reference material sulfur dioxide permeation tubes (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Liquid SO2 sealed into tubes made of a fluorocarbon copolymer permeates the walls of the tube at a temperature-dependent but accurately reproducible rate. Sulfur dioxide dispensers made in this way are called permeation tubes and are useful for calibrating instruments that measure SO2 concentrations in air. The National Bureau of Standards calibrates SO2 permeation tubes and makes them available as Standard Reference Materials. The permeation rate in a batch of nominally identical tubes varies enough that each Standard Reference Material tube must be individually calibrated. Changes in the length or radial dimensions of the tubes are much too small to explain most of this variation. An excellent (negative) correlation is found between the measured permeation rate and the density of the polymer (or weight per unit length). Since both the measured density and the permeation rate for this semi-crystalline polymer depend upon morphological factors, but in different ways, x-ray diffraction measurements of the thickness and orientation of the lamellar crystals were made and a mathematical model was set up to identify the morphological factors which can cause variations in the permeation rate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of roll coating of viscous and viscoelastic fluids (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory for roll coating of a fluid onto a moving sheet is developed utilizing the usual “lubrication approximations.” The effects of fluid and operating parameters on coating thickness and pressure distribution are determined for a Newtonian fluid, and for a purely viscous non-Newtonian fluid obeying the Power Law. The results for these cases are obtained analytically, and are rather straightforward.A viscoelastic fluid is considered, of a type which shows typical non-Newtonian shear behavior observed in polymer melts and solutions and which also exhibits normal stress behavior. Analytical solutions are not possible, but a perturbation method, using a viscoelastic perturbation parameter related to a Deborah number, yields an approximate solution. Only terms to first order in the perturbation parameter are given. Subject to that degree of approximation, the following conclusions are drawn: 1Non-Newtonian shear behavior reduces the pressure distribution, and increases the coating thickness.1Elasticity of the type usually observed in polymer solutions makes only a minor contribution to the roll-separating (load-carrying) force. The contribution is positive, but smaller than the corresponding negative contribution due to the non-Newtonian shear effects.1An increase in load-carrying capacity would require a different viscoelastic fluid than the type considered here - one that is essentially Newtonian in shear but, independently, capable of developing significant normal stresses.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximum pressure developed by solid conveying force in screw extruders (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are two distinct solid conveying theories that can be applied to plasticating screw extruders. One is Darnell and Mol's theory based on a solid-to-solid friction model and the other is Chung's theory based on a viscous shearing model. The two theories predict very different solid conveying performances for a same set of conditions. In this paper, the maximum pressures that can be developed inside plasticating screw extruders by the solid conveying force are calculated using each of the two theories. Comparison of the results may shed some light on the applicability of each theory for a particular extrusion operation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of dissipative materials with entropic elasticity (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 730-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer solutions and melts can both dissipate mechanical energy in flow, as well as accumulate elastic energy. If the assumption is made that elastic energy can be accumulated only through a decrease of conformational entropy, the general thermodynamic theory for non-linear viscoelastic materials simplifies considerably. In particular, though no generality is lost as far as the constitutive equation for stress is concerned, the energy equation, which allows in principle a calculation of temperature distributions arising from frictional heating and heat removal, reduces to the usual form which is valid for viscous materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141012
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer surface reflectance-absorptance characteristics (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 717-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During an investigation of the time for ignition of polymeric materials under the influence of radiant heating, it was found that the polymer surface reflectance-absorptance characteristics were a major factor in the variance of the ignition times. A subsequent research study was made of the reflectance-absorptance characteristics of those polymers used in the ignition testing. Reflectance values were obtained over the wavelength of 0.3 to 2.5 microns using a double-beam Cary model 14 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere reflectometer and over the wavelengths of 1.0 to 10.0 microns using a Gier-Dunkle Hohlraum with a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer. Absorptance values were obtained by means of Kirchoff's Law,Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \alpha _\lambda + r_\lambda = 1 $$\end{document} Average absorptances of the polymers over the monochromatic wavelength span of the heat sources were calculated using the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \alpha _{{\rm av}} = \frac{{\int_{\lambda _1 }^{\lambda _2 } {\alpha _\lambda e_\lambda d\lambda } }}{{\int_{\lambda _1 }^{\lambda _2 } {e_\lambda {\rm d}\lambda}}} $$\end{document} Mathematical analyses were developed and are presented for both the integrating sphere reflectometer and Gier-Dunkle Hohlraum unit.Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141010
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat distortion and mechanical properties of polymers by thermal-mechanical analysis (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 764-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer properties were measured as a function of temperature at 5 and 10°C per minute heating rates and as a function of time at constant temperature, using the Du Pont 940 thermal-mechanical analyzer. Data are reported on deflection temperature under load, vicat softening temperature, and creep properties. These results have been correlated with ASTM values. These tests require short times and are applicable to thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of crystallite dimensions in mechanical and diffusion characteristics of uniaxially oriented polymers (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 778-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electron microscopy studies indicate that the microfibrils are a well defined element of many uniaxially oriented polymers. On the basis of these results it was inferred that the mechanical responses of uniaxially oriented polymers are similar to those of a parallel ensemble of the microfibrils. An important consequence of this microfibrillar model is that the type of load transfer is independent of crystallite aspect (length/diameter) ratio. The analysis of anisotropy in modulus of uniaxially oriented nylon 6, however, indicates that the load transfer characteristics of these polymers are dependent on crystallite dimension. A series response is observed only with fibers or films of low and intermediate draw ratio. Highly oriented structures, however, exhibit a nearly isotropic response in load transfer. These results show that uniaxial polymers must be analyzed in terms of a model where the crystallites are embedded in an “amorphous” matrix. The equations are derived for modulus, strength, and coefficient of diffusion in terms of crystallite dimensions, and the results compared with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 1974 SPE polyolefin division award address: Phase behavior of polybutene-1 plus polystyrene in carbon tetrachloride (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 827-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ternary phase diagram for several polybutene-1 and polystyrene resins in carbon tetrachloride have been determined. These show: Almost the entire phase diagram is a two-phase region.The composition of each phase is mainly of one polymer type.Increasing the molecular weight of either polymer diminishes compatibility.To our knowledge, this is the first example of phase separation in common solvent polymer solutions that involves a poly α-olefin. Viscosity and surface tension data on the equilibrium phases indicate the phases have the same surface tensions but far different viscosities. The upper phase is mainly polybutene-1 and is much more viscous than the lower phase which is mainly polystyrene. Slight agitation of the phases gives an “emulsion” that may be cast into a polymer film. The film has a continuous phase of Form III polybutene-1 and a dispersed phase of polystyrene. The polystyrene may be extracted from the film by immersion in methyl ethyl ketone to give a porous polybutene-1 film.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extruder scale-up by computer (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 853-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Computer simulation technology is used to define the problems in scale-up of extruders from 2.5 to 3.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.0 inches in diameter. It is shown that the conventional practice of scaling-up channel depths by the square root of the diameter ratio does not take full advantage of the potential output capacity of larger extruders and a faster rate of channel depth increase is proposed. It is also shown that inherent limitations resulting from decreasing barrel surface area and increasing flight clearance with increasing screw diameter will always result in a higher discharge temperature from the larger machine at any practical output rate. Frictional heat generation and heat removal requirements increase with increasing diameter, regardless of the scale-up system used, and these limit the output capability of the larger sizes at low discharge temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity and shear modulus of PVC-plastisols during gelation and fusion (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 868-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Contraves balance rheometer has been used in a study of the gelation and fusion process of three DOP-based PVC-plastisols and the results compared with those obtained with the Brabender plastograph. The tensile properties of samples fused at different temperatures have also been determined. The rheometer results relate to the temperature dependence of the viscosity, shear modulus, and loss angle of the plastisols used. The viscosity- and modulus-temperature curves are to some extent reminiscent of the torque-temperature curves obtained with the plastograph; the fusion temperatures are slightly different. The loss-angle-temperature curves measured with the rheometer exhibit sharp maxima in the vicinity of the Tg-point of the base polymer. The shear modulus decreases with time when the temperature is kept constant (above the fusion point). This effect is possibly associated with crystallite melting. The temperature necessary to reach the maximum strength plateau of films fused at various temperatures was found to agree (within 10°C) with the maximum in the modulus-temperature curves (minimum in loss-angle-temperature curves) when the rheometer shear rate was sufficiently low. On the whole, the rheometer allows for better temperature control. Also, the fact that the results are given in terms of viscosity and shear modulus may have some advantage in interpreting gelation and fusion data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760141210
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mold temperature on the morphology and properties of polypropylene: I. A propylene-ethylene copolymer (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of a propylene-ethylene copolymer resin depend strongly on the mold temperature employed during injection molding. Average spherulite size correlates well with most physical properties; good impact properties are related to small average size, and high heat distortion temperatures to large average size. Tensile specimens have three distinct regions when viewed through crossed polars. The outer region (Region 1) does not contain spherulites, but Regions 2 and 3 do. The largest spherulites are found in Region 3, the center of the specimen. Region 1 has a molecular weight higher than that of the other two regions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detection of structure in amorphous polymers by electron microscopy: Particle flow (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the last several years there has been considerable interest in the occurrence of structure in certain bulk polymers normally thought to be structurally homogeneous. Specifically, it has been proposed that polymers produced by emulsion polymerization may retain a particle structure in the bulk state. This has been demonstrated by both rheological measurements and by electron microscopy. In this work we show conclusively that at least part of the particle structure observed by electron microscopy for polystyrene is an intrinsic feature of the fracture surface and is in no way related to the history of the sample.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150211
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of incompatible blends of two elastomers (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 742-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mold flows and melt viscosities of an incompatible bi-component EPDM and “Viton” fluoroelastormer system were examined. A marked reduction in the melt viscosities of either component was observed when a small amount of the other component was present. It was speculated that the phenomenon was a result of a slippage between the polymer and the coated capillary surface due to the presence of a minor amount of the incompatible polymer. Evidence is given to indicate that this effect cannot be accounted for using the “melt structural heterogeneity” mechanism proposed for a different system by Andtrianova.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of adhesive bond strength through the mechanochemical creation of free radicals Part II. Shear and peel test resultsBased on Report No. TDM 73-06 (Technion, Haifa 1973) to the NBS, Washington, D.C, and the National Research Council of Israel. Presented in part at the XXIVth International Symposium on Macromolecules (IUPAC) 1975, Jerusalem Israel. (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 760-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Part I paper described the mechanochemical basis for achieving high adhesive strength in bonds between polymeric surfaces such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and Teflon, using the SABRA method (Surface Activation Beneath Reactive Adhesives). This paper gives a brief survey of bonding techniques as well as results of shear tests of simple lap joints and scarfed tube joints. They compared favorably with other methods such as CASING, Peeling test results are also presented. Mixed systems were examined such as glass fiber reinforced polyester bonded to polypropylene and aluminum with thin films of polymeric material sandwiched between. A start was made towards of optimization and exploration of primer specificity for different materials, The implications and further applications of the SABRA method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic urethane elastomers V. Compatible and incompatible blends with various polymers (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various blends over extended compositional ranges have beer, prepared for combinations of a thermoplastic urethane elastomer with polystyrene, a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyhydroxyether (Phenoxy A), and poly(vinyl ethyl ether). The thermoplastic urethane elastomer was based on a polycaprolactone diol of approximately 2100 number average molecular weight, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol at a molar ratio of 1/2/1, respectively. At ambient temperature, the tensile properties of the blends typically are intermediate between the values of the two separate components. Characterizations of the dynamic mechanical properties of the blends show the relative degree of compatibility for the thermoplastic urethane elastomer and the respective polymers. Two separate glass transitions are obtained for blends of polystyrene and the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with the thermoplastic urethane elastomer. This behavior demonstrates that these blend systems are incompatible. The blends of Phenoxy A and the thermoplastic urethane elastomer exhibit a single glass transition for which the temperature is dependent on the respective concentration of the components. These mixtures are considered to be compatible in nature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an extrusion rheometer suitable for on-line rheological measurementsBased on the Ph.D. dissertation of Paul W. Springer at the Ohio State University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Columbus, Ohio. (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 583-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new type of extrusion rheometer has been designed which employs dual slit geometry with a double valve. The double valve concept allows a change in flow rates through the slits, while the total extruder flow rate remains constant thus leaving extruder operating conditions unchanged. Electronic pressure transducers are mounted along the slit to record axial pressure distribution. Flow rates are measured by weighing polymer output and wall shear stresses are calculated from the axial pressure profiles. Exit pressures are derived from extrapolating the pressure profile to the slit exit and from this information the normal stresses can be determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150804
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological changes during a urethane network polymerization (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Trifunctional poly-ε-caprolactone polyol was polymerized with a chain-extended 1,6-hexane diisocyanate, and the rheology followed by cone and plate flow. Viscosity was found to be independent of shear rate up to at least 102 N.s/m2 (103 poise) and 30s-1. Extent of reaction was monitored by a periodic titration for isocyanate groups. Using branching theory, viscosity was related to extent of reaction and temperature. Such relations should be useful for process models. Normal force data for the curing system are also reported.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of long-chain branching on the viscoelastic properties of low-density polyethylenes (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Melt How data has been determined for a series of fractionated and whole low density polyethylenes which has been characterized in terms of their molecular weights and degree of long-chain branching, (LCB). The resulting data indicate that low LCB influences melt flow both through a reduction in molecular size and an increased level of intermolecular interaction. Die swell measurements on whole polymers indicate an increase in melt elasticity with increase in degree of LCB for samples of similar melt flow (MI). Comparison of GPC data with observed die swell characteristics indicates that die swell is a molecular size dependent property and independent of intermolecular entanglement effects, suggesting that the measurement of elastic properties of LDPE melts will provide a means of determining relative degrees of LCB for commercial resins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161206
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular order and orientation in aromatic polyamide fibers by internal reflection spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The results of wide angle X-ray diffraction and, ATR polarization measurements are reported in order to characterize the anisotropy in poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) and poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (Fiber B) fibers. Additional information on the state of order of the investigated fibers is derived from ATR spectroscopic accessibility measurements by deuterium exchange.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170206
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The deep drawing of thermoplastics (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The theory of deep drawing, which has been developed for metals, is examined critically for thermoplastics. Two special characteristics of thermoplastics, the strong orientation hardening after initial yielding and the ease of crack formation and growth, are shown to vitiate the usual correlation between the drawability of the sheet and the low strain plastic behavior of the material. Attempts to improve the limiting draw ratio of thermoplastics, by biaxially rolling sheet prior to forming, are shown to be effective only if the polymer does not craze easily under tensile stresses.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azidosilane polymer - filler coupling agent (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This new coupling agent shows promise for use in reinforcing hydrocarbon type polymers, such as polyolefins and polystyrene, with glass fibers and inexpensive mineral fillers. Sulfonyl azide derivatives readily form durable bonds to many thermoplastics at normal extrusion and molding temperatures, without the use of peroxide or sulfur-type curing agents. Alkoxy silanes, attached to the sulfonyl azide, hydrolyze in the known manner forming bonds to inorganic fillers. Using commercial compounding and injection molding procedures, 40 wt percent of mineral fillers containing 1 percentofan azidosilane coupling agent were incorporated in polypropylene. Very substantial improvements in tensile, flexural and heat distortion properties were obtained with little loss in impact strength. An initial evaluation in a filled polystyrene showed significant, but less dramatic, improvements.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility of supercritical gases in polymers - a review (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Processing of polymers is greatly affected by the presence of dissolved gases. Analysis of the effect of dissolved gases requires two types of information: equilibrium thermodynamic data and predictive correlations as well as diffusion rate data and analyses. We review here the state-of-the-art knowledge of the equilibrium thermodynamics of gases dissolved in polymers. The published data are presented and analyzed. Also, we review the latcst theories and predictive correlations for gas solubility in polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170202
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric adsorbents for treatment of waste effluents (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 58-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A significant advance in ion exchange resin and adsorbent technology has been the development of the macroreticular pore structure. Synthetic rotes have been developed for preparing both ion exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents of high surface area and pore volume. Syntheses have been developed to the degree that the surface area and pore.parameters can be widely varied. Several of these macroreticular polymers based upon the crosslinked styrene and acrylate systems are now available commercially. These polymeric adsorbents are hard, durable, insoluble spheres of high surface area and porosity. They are available in a variety of polarities. The nonpolar adsorbents are particularly effective for adsorbing nonpolar solutes from polar solvents. Conversely, the polar adsorbents are very effective for adsorbing polar solutes from nonpolar solvents. Of particular interest is the use of these polymeric adsorbents for the treatment of effluent wastes. In some cases it has been demonstrated that one can recover significant quantities of re-usable chemicals that more than pay for the waste, treatment. The use of the polymeric adsorbents for the treatment of phenolicwastes is an example. Other related applications include the removal of chlorinated pesticides, TNT residues, and other noxious compounds from waste effluents and water supplies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition behavior and phase segregation in TDI polyurethanesPresented part at the American Chemical Society Meeting. Philadelphia (1975). (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Prior studies of two series of segmented polyurethanes based on 2, 4 toluene cliisocyanate (2, 4 TDI) or 2, 8 TDI, butanediol, and a 1000 molecular weight polytetramethyleneoxide (PTMO-1000) soft segment revealed a rapid increase in soft segment glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing urethane content in the 2, 4 TDI series. The change in Tg couldbe correlated with estimates of hard segment-soft segment phase mixing obtained by infrared analysis of the urethane NH and carbonyl bands. In the present paper, the infrared data have been reevaluated using improved procedures for resolving the carbonyl band into H-bonded and nonbonded components, and the relation between the estimated extent of phase mixing and Tg has been reexamined. The transition behavior in an extensive series of related polymers has also been determined, including 2, 4 TDI arid 2, 6 TDI samples with PTMO2000 as well as polybutyleneadipate (PBA-1000 and PBA-2000) soft segments. The results indicate the effectiveness, of increased soft segment molecular weight in promoting phase segregation, imply that much greater phase mixing occurs in polyester than polyether samples, suggest that anchoring the ends of the soft segments has only a small effect on Tg, and provide some evidence that H-bonding not only increases Tg but can also impede soft segment crystallization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of some physical properties in injection-molded thermoplastic parts (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the injection molding process, moldings undergo shear and elongational stresses. They are also exposed to thermal gradients of varying intensity. Invariably, molded parts, or at least some sections thereof, freeze before the polymer chains can relax to a random, non-oriented configuration. As a result, injection molded parts contain frozen strains and exhibit anisotropic physical properties. In the present work, a variety of experimental techniques have been employed to determine the three-dimensional variation of the following properties of injection-molded, thermoplastic, rectangular parts: density, heat shrinkage, birefringence, and tensile strength.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemorheological changes in crosslinked epoxy resins subjected to large strains (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemorheological changes in epoxy resins subjected to large strains while heated were observed earlier, but the subject was not treated quantitatively. This paper describes the investigation of an epoxy resin - Epon 826, of known chemical, structure, crosslinked with two different amines. By means of a simple calibrated apparatus, the epoxide samples were subjected to large strains in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and in air. They were heated to different temperatures for various times; the results were compared with data obtained from unstrained samples kept in otherwise the same conditions. The results show a linear-logarithmic relation between the torsion modulus, G(10) and the time of applied strain at a certain temperature and also a linear relation between G(10), and 1/T°K, both above T(10). The results obtained in swelling experiments support the data from 10 sec torsional modulus vs temperature measurements. An increase in the amount of solubles and in Mc is observed on extending the time of heating. A clear difference in properties between the strained and unstrained samples, kept in otherwise the sane conditions, is observed and the contribution of the applied strain to chemorheology has been shown. Both systems of crosslinked Epon 826 showed the same general behavior, although the specific data were different.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of olefin structure on the vapor-development of poly (olefin sulfones) under electron irradiation (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of vapor-development of poly(olefin sulfones) subjected to electron beam irradiation is markedly, dependent upon the olefin structure. At room temperature, poly(butene-1sulfone) and poly(cyclopentene sulfone) vapor-develop at rates several orders of magnitude lower than, for example, poly(2-methyl pentene-1 sulfone). Differences in vapor development rate for the various sulfones are shown to be related to differing rates of depolymerization which, in turn, are related to differences in ceiling temperatures for polymer formation. Kinetic analysis indicates that the mechanism involves random scission followed by depropagation and bimolecular termination.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170401
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of mixtures of two compatible polymers (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The properties of mixtures of poly(2, 6-dimethyl p-phenylene oxide) and poly(styrene) have been measured by DSC, density gradient, dynamic mechanical response, and tensile testing. The mixtures are found to have single glass trasitions that vary continuously with the composition. They also have small negative excess volumes of mixing, indicative of strong polymerpolymer interaction. The dynamic mechanical response of the mixtures shows that the low temperature secondary relaxations are suppressed whereas those at high temperatures are enhanced. These observations imply that mixing on the segmental levc l has occurred. A plot of tensile strength vs composition at different strain rates reveals two regions of failure behavior. The high PS, high strain rate region is brittle, and the high PM2PO, low strain rate region is ductile. When the tensile yield data are treated according to the Ree-Eyring equation, the addition of PS to PM2PO is found to reduce the flow volum, e of the mixture. The overall effect on mechanical properties of adding small amounts of one component to the other is similar to that of anti-plasticization. Our experimental observations are consistent with the shifting of the relaxation mechanisms to longer times due to the negative excess volume of mixing.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using the SI units (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 222-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: SI surpasses previous metric systems in coherence, simplicity, distinction between force and mass, choice of units, and uniformity of usage. Coherence eliminates conversion factors, other than powers of ten, within the system. Through simplification, only seven base units, two supplementary units, seventeen named derived units, and sixteen prefixes are needed to describe the entire system. Promotion of the newton as a unit of force and retention of the kilogram for mass clarifies the difference between the two quantities. New units are: pascal for pressure, siemens for electric conductance, and mole for amount of a substance. International agreement minimizes proliferation of specialized units or usage. Adopted conventions include spelling, abbreviations, style, and usage, as well as definitions for the units. Toleranceg, rounding of numbers, and elimination of the comma in multidigit numbers assume new significance. Conversion to SI offers a unique opportunity to reduce the number of sizes of many products. Several schemes for metric modularism have been developed for this purpose. In changing from conventional tip SI units, the key idea is “think metric” rather than use dual dimensioning.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170403
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of molecular weight on fatigue behavior of polyethylene and polystyreneResearch Supported by Division of Materials Research, The National Science Foundation, Grant No DMR 74-02444 (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fatigue tests in reversed tension-compression have been carried out on samples of polyethylene and polystyrene of widely varying molecular weights, extending up to 2, 000, 000. All tests on polystyrene specimens were made at 1600 rpm. For polyethylene, tests speeds had to be reduced to 100 rpm in order to avoid serious temperature effects. For both materials, increasing molecular weight leads to improved resistance to alternating loading. For polystyrene, this improvement in ultimate properties even continued well beyond molecular weight values where Tg, becomes effectively independent of molecular weight. For polyethylene, samples of high molecular weight did not fail even after 107 cycles of alternating loading at a stress level of 3000 psi.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170407
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170601
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The examination of poly(5-hexene-2-one sulfone) as a positive-working photoresist (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel photoresist material is described, consisting of a copolymer of 5-hexene-2-one and SO2, which performs with or without the addition of sensitizers. This photoresist forms non-tacky films that adhere well to silicon oxide without requiring thermal treatment. They also have useful sensitivity, can be developed to form highly-resolved images, are inert to conventional etchants, and are readily removed after etching. The synthesis, characterization, and a possible mechanism for photodegradation are presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170603
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the photochemical reaction between poly(vinyl alcohol) and aqueous chromate ion (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The photochemical reaction between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chromate ion in aqueous solution has been studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The first step of the reaction appears to be formation of a PVA-chromate ester. No further detectable chemical changes occur unless the ester is irradiated. Spectral sensitivity data indicate the reaction is initiated only by the chromate ester charge transfer absorptions at approximately 370 nm and 450 nm. EPR indicates an equilibrium concentration of Cr (V) during irradiation arid a decrease in concentration of Cr(V) following second order kinetics upon cessation of irradiation. The final reaction product is Cr (III) complexed with the hydroxyl groups of the PVA. The reaction rate is a function of pH between pH 12; however no detectable reaction occurred above pH 12. A mechanism is proposed for the PVA-chromate photoreaction in solution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170606
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...