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  • Animals  (27,852)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (12,790)
  • Adaptation
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  • 1
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    Advances in Applied Self-organizing Systems (2008)
    London : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Artificial Life ; Bio-inspired Computing ; Bio-inspired Robotics ; Collective Behaviour ; Complex Systems ; Decentralized Management ; Distrbuted Management ; Distributed Computing ; Emergence ; Evolutinary Algorithms ; Immune Networks ; Information Transfer ; Multi-agent Systems ; Pattern Formation ; Self-assembly ; Self-organization ; Self-organizing Computation
    Description / Table of Contents: The main challenge faced by designers of self-organizing systems is how to validate and control non-deterministic dynamics. Over-engineering the system may completely suppress self-organization with an outside influence, eliminating emergent patterns and decreasing robustness, adaptability and scalability. Whilst leaving too much non-determinism in the system’s behaviour may make its verification and validation almost impossible. This book presents the state-of-the-practice in successfully engineered self-organizing systems, and examines ways to balance design and self organization in the context of applications. As demonstrated throughout, finding this balance helps to deal with diverse practical challenges. The book begins with the more established fields of traffic management and structural health monitoring, building up towards robotic teams, solving challenging tasks deployed in tough environments. The second half of the book follows with a deeper look into the micro-level, and considers local interactions between agents. These interactions lead towards self-modifying digital circuitry and self-managing grids, self-organizing data visualization and intrusion detection in computer networks, immunocomputing and nature-inspired computation, and eventually to artificial life. The case studies described illustrate the richness of the topic and provide guidance to its intricate areas. Many algorithms proposed and discussed in this volume are biologically inspired and readers will also gain an insight into cellular automata, genetic algorithms, artificial immune systems, snake-like locomotion, ant foraging, birds flocking and mutualistic biological ecosystems, amongst others. Demonstrating the practical relevance and applicability of self-organization, this book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in a wide range of fields.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 375 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781846289828
    URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-84628-981-1/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Louisiana's Response to Extreme Weather : A Coastal State's Adaptation Challenges and Successes (2020)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Coastal Resilience ; Social Justice ; Extreme Weather ; Natural Disaster ; Disaster Recovery ; Adaptation ; Severe Storm ; Climate Change management ; Coastal hazards ; Hurricane ; Katrina ; Flood ; Gentrification ; Environmental Policy ; Water Policy ; Environmental Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Book: “Ahead of the Curve” / Shirley Laska / Pages 1-31 --- Louisiana’s Risks Anticipating the Future Challenges to Other U.S. Coastal Communities --- Managing Risks in Louisiana’s Rapidly Changing Coastal Zone / Donald F. Boesch / Pages 35-62 --- Climate Adaptation Challenges and Solutions --- Connecting the Dots: The Origins, Evolutions, and Implications of the Map that Changed Post-Katrina Recovery Planning in New Orleans / Zachary Lamb / Pages 65-91 --- Antagonisms of Adaptation: Climate Change Adaptation Measures in New Orleans and New York City / Kevin Fox Gotham, Megan Faust / Pages 93-112 --- Adapting to a Smaller Coast: Restoration, Protection, and Social Justice in Coastal Louisiana / Scott A. Hemmerling, Monica Barra, Rebecca H. Bond / Pages 113-144 --- Relocation and Resettlement: An Extreme Adjustment --- Community Resettlement in Louisiana: Learning from Histories of Horror and Hope / Nathan Jessee / Pages 147-184 --- Sojourners in a New Land: Hope and Adaptive Traditions / Kristina J. Peterson / Pages 185-214 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Urban --- Post-disaster Development Dilemmas: Advancing Landscapes of Social Justice in a Neoliberal Post-disaster Landscape / Anna Livia Brand, Vern Baxter / Pages 217-240 --- Reimagining Housing: Affordability Crisis and Its Role in Disaster Resilience and Recovery / Andreanecia M. Morris, Lucas Diaz / Pages 241-259 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Suburban/Mid State --- The 2016 Unexpected Mid-State Louisiana Flood: With Special Focus on the Different Rescue and Recovery Responses It Engendered / Michelle Annette Meyer, Brant Mitchell, Shannon Van Zandt, Stuart Nolan / Pages 263-281 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Rural --- Challenges of Post-Disaster Recovery in Rural Areas / Alessandra Jerolleman / Pages 285-310 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Coupled Coastal-Inland --- Regional Resilience: Building Adaptive Capacity and Community Well-Being Across Louisiana’s Dynamic Coastal–Inland Continuum / Traci Birch, Jeff Carney / Pages 313-340
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 pages) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9783030272050
    URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-27205-0
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Teatro e violenza in Moby Dick — Rehearsed di Orson Welles (2024)
    Firenze University Press | USiena Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Moby Dick Rehearsed is a magnificent experiment in the style of Orson Welles, whose talent explores in depth the texture of Melville's novel in an attempt to put it on stage. The analysis shows how the play - performed in New York in 1955 - sheds light on Welles's idea of the theater as a laboratory to experiment with the possibilities of this peculiar form of entertainment. The novel's inner violence and theatrical power become evident when Welles stages a rehearsal of Moby Dick by a company of actors used to act in Shakespeare's Hamlet in 1955. The well-known influence of Shakespeare on Melville's novel emerges from the play, which became a book published by Samuel French in 1965 in New York. Its Italian translation by Cristina Viti - Moby Dick. Prove per un dramma in due atti - provides the base for Elio De Capitani's mise en scene of the play in Milan in 2022, under the title of Moby-Dick alla prova.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; violence ; rehearsal ; experiment ; performance ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies
    Language: Italian
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  • 4
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    Calgary (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Multispezies-Ethnographie (2021)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    People or Property (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: This open access book explores the intersection of property law, relocation, and resettlement processes in the United States and among communities that grapple with migration as an adaptation strategy. As communities face the prospect of relocating because of rising seas, policy makers, disaster specialists, and community leaders are scrambling to understand what adaptation pathways are legally possible. While in its ideal application, law functions blindly and without variation, the authors find that legal contradictions come to bear on resettlement processes and place certain communities further in harm’s way. This book will unearth these contradictions in order to understand why successful community-based resettlement has presented such a challenge to communities that are experiencing increasing land deterioration as a result of climate change.
    Keywords: Environmental politics ; Property Law ; Migration ; United States ; Relocation ; Resettlement ; Climate Change ; Climate justice ; Adaptation ; Climate disaster ; Community-based resettlement ; Land deterioration ; Policy ; Emergency management ; Public administration ; Disaster ; Emergencies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Animal Metropolis (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World (2021)
    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter Tres ingenios al servicio de un canónigo: de La cortesana en la sierra… a L’infanta villana de Carlo Celano (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Analysis of the seventeenth-century theatrical adaptation of the Neapolitan Carlo Celano, L’infanta villana, and the Spanish source identified, La cortesana en la sierra y fortunas de don Manrique de Lara, written in collaboration by Juan de Matos Fragoso (I act), Juan Bautista Diamante (II act) and Juan Vélez de Guevara (III act). It focuses in particular on two sequences - one serious and one comic - that allow to verify the degree of dramatic and rhetorical adaptation and the translatability of humor compared with the prototext.
    Keywords: Italian Comedy spagnoleggiante ; Carlo Celano ; Juan de Matos Fragoso ; Juan Bautista Diamante ; Juan Vélez de Guevara ; Adaptation ; Translation
    Language: Spanish
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  • 10
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    Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Developmental Mechanisms ; Epigenetics ; Origins of Novelty ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Successes at the Interface of Ocean, Climate and Humans (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Resilience ; Adaptation ; Blue Carbon ; Ecosystems ; Ocean Optimism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Chapter New Features of the rivershore: climate change and new relations between town and water (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Climate scenarios show that Mediterranean areas will be affected by torrential patterns of rain, that can cause difficulties in urban life in coastal areas, mainly due to the draining systems and to the sea-level. Lisbon is on the estuary of Tagus river, which would be probably affected by run-off and by the forecasted rising sea-level. Redesigning its relationship with water, trying to make this urban area more resilient, becomes crucial and asks to study run-off and sea-level rise for 2100 and for intermediate steps, to adapt the urban life and its spaces to the occurring scenarios.
    Keywords: Waterfront ; Climate Change ; Adaptation ; Resilience ; Urban Strategic Projects
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Human and Animal Models for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration: Challenges and Opportunities From South America (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    The Mediatization of the O.J. Simpson Case (2023)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: F. Scott Fitzgerald once said: »Show me a hero, and I'll write you a tragedy.« In the 1990s, nobody fell deeper than O.J. Simpson. Once considered a national treasure, the athlete was accused of brutally slaying his ex-wife Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman on June 12, 1994. Within days, the media and public developed an unprecedented obsession with the story, turning a murder investigation and trial into a sensationalized reality show. Tatjana Neubauer examines the mediatization, deliberate manipulation, and the simplification of popular criminal trials for profit on television. She demonstrates that TV conflated legal proceedings into entertainment programming by commodifying events, people, and places.
    Keywords: Mediatization ; O.J. Simpson ; Reality Television ; Court TV ; Adaptation ; Media ; America ; Television ; Media Theory ; Cultural Studies ; Media Studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies::JBCT2 Media studies: TV and society ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    Sentient Ecologies (2022)
    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVH Human rights ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Methode zur Messung des Einflusses von Lichtimpulsen auf die visuelle Leistungsfähigkeit (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to its dynamic range, the human eye can adapt to a wide variety of light situations within a very short time. If the dynamic range of the eye is insufficient, glare occurs. There is no suitable objective measurement method to describe the effects on visual performance and its course. This was developed and validated as part of this work.
    Keywords: Blendung ; Adaptation ; Licht ; Visuelle Wahrnehmung ; Kurzzeitgedächtnis ; Glare ; Adaption ; Light ; VisualPperception ; Short Time Memory ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering
    Language: German
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  • 20
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    Genetics and Genomics of Forest Trees (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forest tree genetics and genomics are advancing at an accelerated rate, thanks to recent developments in high-throughput, next-generation sequencing capabilities, and novel biostatistical tools. Population and landscape genetics and genomics have seen the rise of new approaches implemented in large-scale studies that employ the use of genome-wide sampling. Such studies have started to discern the dynamics of neutral and adaptive variation in nature and the processes that underlie spatially explicit patterns of genetic and genomic variation in nature. The continuous development of genetic maps in forest trees and the expansion of QTL and association mapping approaches contribute to the unravelling of the genotype-phenotype relationship and lead to marker-assisted and genome-wide selection. However, major challenges lie ahead. Recent literature suggests that species demography and genetic diversity have been affected both by climatic oscillations and anthropogenically induced stresses in a way calls into question the possibility of future adaptation. Moreover, the pace of contemporary environmental change presents a great challenge to forest tree populations and their ability to adapt, taking into consideration their life history characteristics. Several questions emerge that include, but are not limited to, the interpretation of forest tree genome surveillance and their structural/functional properties, the adaptive and neutral processes that have shaped forest tree genomes, the analysis of phenotypic traits relevant to adaptation (especially adaptation under contemporary climate change), the link between epigenetics/epigenomics and phenotype/genotype, and the use of genetics/genomics as well as genetic monitoring to advance conservation priorities.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; SD1-669.5 ; QTL/Association Mapping ; Management of Forest Genetic Resources ; Phylogeography ; Epigenetics/Epigenomics ; Molecular Evolution ; Proteomics ; Functional Genomics ; Population/Landscape Genetics/Genomics ; Conservation Genetics/Genomics ; Adaptation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Dialogues between Media (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This book unites essays on the interplay of media or inter-arts studies, as well as papers with a focus on comics studies, further testimony to the fact that comics have truly arrived in mainstream academic discourse. "Adaptation" is a key term for the studies presented in this volume various articles discuss the adaptation of literary source texts in different target media - cinematic versions, comics adaptations, TV series, theatre, and opera.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; intermediality ; comics studies ; world literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: English , German , French
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  • 22
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    Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may be widespread in sulphidic groundwater ecosystems: evidence from southeastern Romania. (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Niphargus is a speciose amphipod genus found in groundwater habitats across Europe. Three Niphargus species living in the sulphidic Frasassi caves in Italy harbour sulphur-oxidizing Thiothrix bacterial ectosymbionts. These three species are distantly related, implying that the ability to form ectosymbioses with Thiothrix may be common among Niphargus. Therefore, Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may also be found in sulphidic aquifers other than Frasassi. In this study, we examined this possibility by analysing niphargids of the genera Niphargus and Pontoniphargus collected from the partly sulphidic aquifers of the Southern Dobrogea region of Romania, which are accessible through springs, wells and Movile Cave. Molecular and morphological analyses revealed seven niphargid species in this region. Five of these species occurred occasionally or exclusively in sulphidic locations, whereas the remaining two were restricted to nonsulphidic areas. Thiothrix were detected by PCR on all seven Dobrogean niphargid species and observed using microscopy to be predominantly attached to their hosts' appendages. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Thiothrix epibionts fell into two main clades, one of which (herein named T4) occurred solely on niphargids collected in sulphidic locations. The other Thiothrix clade was present on niphargids from both sulphidic and nonsulphidic areas and indistinguishable from the T3 ectosymbiont clade previously identified on Frasassi-dwelling Niphargus. Although niphargids from Frasassi and Southern Dobrogea are not closely related, the patterns of their association with Thiothrix are remarkably alike. The finding of similar Niphargus-Thiothrix associations in aquifers located 1200 km apart suggests that they may be widespread in European groundwater ecosystems.
    Keywords: amphipods; ecology; sulphide; symbiosis; systematics; taxonomy ; 551 ; Amphipoda ; Animals ; DNA, Bacterial ; Ecosystem ; Groundwater ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Romania ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfur ; Symbiosis ; Thiothrix
    Language: English , English
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  • 24
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    Survey of potential adaptation (Ion- Osmotic) Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling with Caspian sea water (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study aimed to determine domain the adaptability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings in fresh water up to 20 per thousand (grams per liter) for providing facilities for growing this valuable species in the aquatic environment with salinity unconventional been completed. For this purpose the biochemical, bloody and physiologic parameters rainbow trout were studied to determine the adjustment range .Fingerlings fishes from cold water fish farm in the province Mazandran were prepared and for experiments were transferred to the Ecological Institute of Caspian Sea . Fingerlings with an average weight 31.56 ± 0. 07 SE g and average fork length 13.80 ± 0.15 SE cm, in 3 treatments in water with salinities (fresh, 13 and 20 grams per thousand) with a density of 15 numbers in polyethylene to 300-liter tank containing the 250 liters of water testing were introduced.Fresh water from Tajan rivers and water psu13 from the water Caspian Sea and water psu20 by mixing water the Caspian Sea and Sea salt was prepared . The daily amount to 50 percent of the of water tankss been replaced .During the experimental period was for 7 days and were not fed during the experiment.The water parameters was measured during the experiment included 6 ppm dissolved oxygen, pH equal to 8.2 and temperature 15.5 ° C . In the experimental period were not observed Losses in the experimental groups . The results showed that fish gill and kidney introduced in different salinities by making appropriate changes in chloride cells in the gills through increasing the number and the volume of these cells at the base of secondary blades and tubules in the kidney tubules to create greater interior space, are adapted to By changing salinity.Relatively parameters osmolarity, sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin,number of red blood and white cells in water saltier than freshwater environment was higher (0.05〈 p, Duncan). Changes in hematological and blood plasma ionic parameters and vital organs Fingerlings indicates a willingness adaptability and the ability physiological adaptation fingerling was consistent with changes to environmental salinity brackish water .So, the factors measured with increasing salinity the uptrend that the range of variation for the osmolarite 449-281 mOsmol kg, for sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, respectively, 211- 151, 165121, 3 / 3 7/0, 87. 53 mmol and the calcium 22-13 mg per dL.The measured values for hematocrit 32.2- 38.8%, hemoglobin 6.2 - 8.6 g per deciliter and the red and white blood cells, was respectively, 1.2-1.7×106 and the 15.6 -18.9×103.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Rainbow trout ; Gills ; Kidney ; Survey ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 25
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    The study of adaptation, growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis.sp) in Bafgh brackish water (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of adaptation, growth and survival of Red and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in underground brackish water. Fry with 0.3 and 0.7 g initial weight imported from Indonesia and after passing larviculture (20 g) were examined separately in fiber glass tank and earthen pond by two replicate. Fish were fed three times a day by using manual food (cp = 33.79) and carp food (cp = 25.05) at a restricted feeding program according to standard table during the 72 days rearing stage at light period. The results showed that some growth factors such as final weight, final length, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain in Nile tilapia were slightly higher than red tilapia but other factors such as survival and feed conversion rate in red tilapia were slightly higher than Nile tilapia. There were no significantly differences at 99% level among these factors. Length-weight relationship equation was w = 0.020 × TL3.012 in Nile tilapia and w = 0.015 × TL3.086 in red tilapia (r2 = 0.98), b value was 3.012 and 3.086 respectively in Nile and red tilapia representing isometric growth. So according to the results, good growth and high survival rate, it seems that both Nile and red tilapia could be good candidates for reproducing and rearing in brackish water condition.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus ; Adaptation ; Growth ; Brackish water ; Survival ; Tilapia ; Oreochromis.sp ; Larviculture ; Rearing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 44pp.
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  • 26
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    Adaptation, growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bafgh brackish water (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of adaptation, growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with 0.3g initial weight and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) with 0.7g initial weight in underground brackish water. Fry of Nile tilapia and red tilapia imported from Indonesia and after passing larviculture (25g) were examined separately in fiber glass tank by two replicate. Fish were fed at a restricted feeding program according to standard table during the light period. The results showed that some growth factors such as final weight, final length, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain in Nile tilapia were slightly higher than red tilapia but other factors such as survival and feed conversion rate in red tilapia were slightly higher than Nile tilapia. There were no significantly differences at 99% level among these factors. Length-weight relationship equation was w = 0.012×TL3.189 in Nile tilapia and w = 0.014×TL3.119 in red tilapia (r2 = 0.99), b value were 3.189 and 3.119 respectively in Nile and red tilapia representing isometric growth. According to the reliable growth and high survival rate (98%), it seems that both Nile and red tilapia could be good candidates for rearing in brackish water condition.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Tilapia ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Adaptation ; Growth ; Survival ; Aquaculture ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.23-30
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  • 27
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    Adaptation and use of amphipoda in fish culture ponds in order to increase fish production (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chemical ; Adaptation ; Amphipoda ; Fish ; Culture ; Ponds ; Enrichment ; Pontogammarus maeoticus ; Amphipoda ; Survey ; P.maeoticus ; Common carp ; O. acuminatus ; Oxygen ; Specimens ; Brackish water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 71pp.
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    Feasibility Study of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) culture in brackish water in earthen fish pond in North Khorasan province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The use correct of non-agricultural land due to saline and waternon fresh for rearing of aquatic animals, especially fish, in good seasons, can generate for employment and provide fertile ground . This study aimed to assess the ability of Rainbow Trout reared in earthen ponds potential using brackish water stub area south of North Khorasan province in cold seasons (autumn and winter) have been conducted. Farming operations in three earthen ponds, each with an area of 3,000 square meters and two water wells within 160 days of the initial electric Bahdayt 8400 and 18100 µs was conducted. Average initial weight of juveniles when introduced into soil ponds 32.0±1.0 and 22.7±1/7 grams and density drop in the of ponds 5 and 7 number per cubic meters . Feeding on pond done recipes nutrition standards Related to fish size and water temperature was during the period culture . To help improve the water quality during the breeding ponds of cyclic change in volume of pond water (20-15%) and two aeration SPLASH with errive fresh water to form rain fall in each pond was used. The results obtained during the period of measurement water physico-chemical parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, total dissolved substances, acidity) shows changes in the mean amplitude of these factors has been tolerated for raising trout The results showed that children reared trout have been introduced since the introduction of nteroperability with brackish water in the pond also grown to over 14 thousand have salt and water changes physical and chemical factors have endured. The results showed that fish farming in addition to works by adapting the environment had to foster the growth of the pond water . So in 5 months, with a mean survival of 87 percent hindrance develop marketable size with an average weight of 340±12-390±13and 470 ±17grams and have a total production of more than 20 tonnes. All of it has been confirmed, the study area (SFRAIEN)is very suitable for the breeding Rainbow trout of pond during the fall and winter seasons .
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physico-chemical ; Rainbow Trout ; Adaptation ; Culture ; Brackish Water ; Earthen ponds ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Saline water ; Aquatic ; Density ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 44pp.
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    Decreased mass specific respiration under experimental warming is robust to the microbial biomass method employed (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology Letters 12 (2009): E15-E18, doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01332.x.
    Description: Hartley et al. question whether reduction in Rmass, under experimental warming, arises because of the biomass method. We show the method they treat as independent yields the same result. We describe why the substrate-depletion hypothesis cannot alone explain observed responses, and urge caution in the interpretation of the seasonal data.
    Description: This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and U.S. National Science Foundation grants to the Coweeta LTER program.
    Keywords: Acclimation ; Adaptation ; Soil respiration ; Thermal biology ; Temperature ; Carbon cycling ; Climate change ; Climate warming ; Microbial community ; CO2
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    Adapting without retreating : responses to shoreline change on an inlet-associated coastal beach (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Coastal Management 45 (2017): 360-383, doi:10.1080/08920753.2017.1345607.
    Description: Coastal barrier systems around the world are experiencing higher rates of flooding and shoreline erosion. Property owners on barriers have made significant financial investments in physical protections that shield their nearby properties from these hazards, constituting a type of adaptation to shoreline change. Factors that contribute to adaptation on Plum Island, a developed beach and dune system on the North Shore of Massachusetts, are investigated here. Plum Island experiences patterns of shoreline change that may be representative of many inlet-associated beaches, encompassing an equivocal and dynamically shifting mix of erosion and accretion. In the face of episodic floods and fleeting erosive events, and driven by a combination of strong northeast storms and cycles of erosion and accretion, the value of the average Plum Island residence increases by 34% for properties on the oceanfront where protection comprises a publicly constructed soft structure. Even in the face of state policies that ostensibly discourage physical protection as a means of adaptation, coastal communities face significant political and financial pressures to maintain existing protective structures or to allow contiguous groups of property owners to build new ones through collective action. These factors mitigate against adapting to shoreline change by retreating from the coast, thereby potentially increasing the adverse effects of coastal hazards.
    Description: Support for this study was provided by NSF Grant Nos. OCE 1325430 and AGS 1518503 and NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA14OAR4170074.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Structural protection ; Coastal dune resource ; Tidal-associated inlet ; Hedonic pricing
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  • 31
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    Thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration to elevated temperature (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology Letters 11 (2008): 1316-1327, doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x.
    Description: In the short-term heterotrophic soil respiration is strongly and positively related to temperature. In the long-term its response to temperature is uncertain. One reason for this is because in field experiments increases in respiration due to warming are relatively short-lived. The explanations proposed for this ephemeral response include depletion of fast-cycling, soil carbon pools and thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. Using a 〉15 year soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude forest, we show that the apparent ‘acclimation’ of soil respiration at the ecosystem scale results from combined effects of reductions in soil carbon pools and microbial biomass, and thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. Mass specific respiration rates were lower when seasonal temperatures were higher, suggesting that rate reductions under experimental warming likely occurred through temperature-induced changes in the microbial community. Our results imply that stimulatory effects of global temperature rise on soil respiration rates may be lower than currently predicted.
    Description: This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
    Keywords: Acclimation ; Adaptation ; Soil respiration ; Thermal biology ; Temperature ; Carbon cycling ; Climate change ; Climate warming ; Microbial community ; CO2
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Home site advantage in two long-lived arctic plant species : results from two 30-year reciprocal transplant studies (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2012. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Ecology 100 (2012): 841-851, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01984.x.
    Description: Reciprocal transplant experiments designed to quantify genetic and environmental effects on phenotype are powerful tools for the study of local adaptation. For long-lived species, especially those in habitats with short growing seasons, however, the cumulative effects of many years in novel environments may be required for fitness differences and phenotypic changes to accrue. We returned to two separate reciprocal transplant experiments thirty years after their initial establishment in interior Alaska to ask whether patterns of differentiation observed in the years immediately following transplant have persisted. We also asked whether earlier hypotheses about the role of plasticity in buffering against the effects of selection on foreign genotypes were supported. We censused survival and flowering in three transplant gardens created along a snowbank gradient for a dwarf shrub (Dryas octopetala) and six gardens created along a latitudinal gradient for a tussock-forming sedge (Eriophorum vaginatum). For both species, we used an analysis of variance to detect fitness advantages for plants transplanted back into their home site relative to those transplanted into foreign sites. For D. octopetala, the original patterns of local adaptation observed in the decade following transplant appeared even stronger after three decades, with the complete elimination of foreign ecotypes in both fellfield and snowbed environments. For E. vaginatum, differential survival of populations was not evident 13 years after transplant, but was clearly evident 17 years later. There was no evidence that plasticity was associated with increased survival of foreign populations in novel sites for either D. octopetala or E. vaginatum. Synthesis. We conclude that local adaptation can be strong, but nevertheless remain undetected or underestimated in short-term experiments. Such genetically-based population differences limit the ability of plant populations to respond to a changing climate.
    Description: Funding for this research was provided by National Science Foundation grant ARC-0908936 with additional support from NSF-BSR-9024188.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Dryas octopetala ; Ecological genetics and ecogenomics ; Eriophorum vaginatum ; Genetic differentiation ; Phenotypic plasticity ; Tussock tundra
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    Design and function of superfast muscles : new insights into the physiology of skeletal muscle (2005)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: First published online as a Review in Advance on October 24, 2005. (Some corrections may occur before final publication online and in print)
    Description: Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Physiology 68 (2006): 22.1-22.29, doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040104.105418.
    Description: Superfast muscles of vertebrates power sound production. The fastest, the swimbladder muscle of toadfish, generates mechanical power at frequencies in excess of 200 Hz. To operate at these frequencies, the speed of relaxation has had to increase approximately 50-fold. This increase is accomplished by modifications of three kinetic traits: (a) a fast calcium transient due to extremely high concentration of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ pumps and parvalbumin, (b) fast off-rate of Ca2+ from troponin C due to an alteration in troponin, and (c) fast cross-bridge detachment rate constant (g, 50 times faster than that in rabbit fast-twitch muscle) due to an alteration in myosin. Although these three modifications permit swimbladder muscle to generate mechanical work at high frequencies (where locomotor muscles cannot), it comes with a cost: The high g causes a large reduction in attached force-generating cross-bridges, making the swimbladder incapable of powering low-frequency locomotory movements. Hence the locomotory and sound-producing muscles have mutually exclusive designs.
    Description: This work was made possible by support from NIH grants AR38404 and AR46125 as well as the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation.
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; Ca2+ release ; Ca2+ uptake ; Cross-bridges ; Adaptation ; Sound production ; Whitman Center
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    Adaptation and use of amphipoda in fish culture ponds in order to increase fish production (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25201 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:03:37 | 25201 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian Sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Adaptation ; Amphipoda ; Fish ; Culture ; Ponds ; Enrichment ; Pontogammarus maeoticus ; Amphipoda ; Survey ; P.maeoticus ; Common carp ; O. acuminatus ; Oxygen ; Specimens ; Brackish water
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    Survey of potential adaptation (ion- osmotic) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling with Caspian Sea water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25833 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:28:58 | 25833 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study aimed to determine domain the adaptability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings in fresh water up to 20 per thousand (grams per liter) for providing facilities for growing this valuable species in the aquatic environment with salinity unconventional been completed. For this purpose the biochemical, bloody and physiologic parameters rainbow trout were studied to determine the adjustment range .Fingerlings fishes from cold water fish farm in the province Mazandran were prepared and for experiments were transferred to the Ecological Institute of Caspian Sea . Fingerlings with an average weight 31.56 ± 0. 07 SE g and average fork length 13.80 ± 0.15 SE cm, in 3 treatments in water with salinities (fresh, 13 and 20 grams per thousand) with a density of 15 numbers in polyethylene to 300-liter tank containing the 250 liters of water testing were introduced. Fresh water from Tajan rivers and water psu13 from the water Caspian Sea and water psu20 by mixing water the Caspian Sea and Sea salt was prepared . The daily amount to 50 percent of the of water tankss been replaced .During the experimental period was for 7 days and were not fed during the experiment.The water parameters was measured during the experiment included 6 ppm dissolved oxygen, pH equal to 8.2 and temperature 15.5 ° C . In the experimental period were not observed Losses in the experimental groups . The results showed that fish gill and kidney introduced in different salinities by making appropriate changes in chloride cells in the gills through increasing the number and the volume of these cells at the base of secondary blades and tubules in the kidney tubules to create greater interior space, are adapted to By changing salinity. Relatively parameters osmolarity, sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of red blood and white cells in water saltier than freshwater environment was higher (0.05〈 p, Duncan). Changes in hematological and blood plasma ionic parameters and vital organs Fingerlings indicates a willingness adaptability and the ability physiological adaptation fingerling was consistent with changes to environmental salinity brackish water .So, the factors measured with increasing salinity the uptrend that the range of variation for the osmolarite 449-281 mOsmol kg, for sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, respectively, 211- 151, 165121, 3/3 7/0, 87. 53 mmol and the calcium 22-13 mg per dL. The measured values for hematocrit 32.2- 38.8%, hemoglobin 6.2 - 8.6 g per deciliter and the red and white blood cells, was respectively, 1.2-1.7×106 and the 15.6 -18.9×103.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Adaptation ; Rainbow trout ; Gills ; Kidney ; Survey ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fingerlings
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    Type: monograph
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    Variations in fish body and scale shape among Aphanius dispar (Cyprinodontidae) populations: insights from a geometric morphometric analysis (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21782 | 18721 | 2017-12-03 15:02:01 | 21782 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Phenotypic variations in fish body and scale shape were investigated among the three populations of Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829) in Southern Iran through the use of landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses.This species is widely distributed in the region, and therefore, considerable morphological variations exist among the geographically allopatric populations. Based on the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), variation in body shape of the females is prominently related to the dorsal fin region, while in the males it is related to the dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. Moreover, the shape variations in the scales are obviously linked to the tip of anterior portion of the scales, and the left and right boundaries between anterior and posterior regions of the scales. The lateral sides of the fish scales in site I are concave, while they are laterally convex in sites II and III. The observed variation seen in the fish body shape and scales among the three studied sites are probably caused by the different ecological conditions of their habitats particularly variation in water flow.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Tooth-carps ; Adaptation ; Habitat changes ; Water flow ; Variations ; fish body ; scales ; Aphanius dispar ; geometric ; morphometric ; Iran
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    Feasibility study of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) culture in brackish water in earthen fish pond in North Khorasan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25583 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 11:15:10 | 25583 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The use correct of non-agricultural land due to saline and waternon fresh for rearing of aquatic animals, especially fish, in good seasons, can generate for employment and provide fertile ground . This study aimed to assess the ability of Rainbow Trout reared in earthen ponds potential using brackish water stub area south of North Khorasan province in cold seasons (autumn and winter) have been conducted. Farming operations in three earthen ponds, each with an area of 3,000 square meters and two water wells within 160 days of the initial electric Bahdayt 8400 and 18100 µs was conducted. Average initial weight of juveniles when introduced into soil ponds 32.0±1.0 and 22.7±1/7 grams and density drop in the of ponds 5 and 7 number per cubic meters . Feeding on pond done recipes nutrition standards Related to fish size and water temperature was during the period culture . To help improve the water quality during the breeding ponds of cyclic change in volume of pond water (20-15%) and two aeration SPLASH with errive fresh water to form rain fall in each pond was used. The results obtained during the period of measurement water physico-chemical parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, total dissolved substances, acidity) shows changes in the mean amplitude of these factors has been tolerated for raising trout The results showed that children reared trout have been introduced since the introduction of nteroperability with brackish water in the pond also grown to over 14 thousand have salt and water changes physical and chemical factors have endured. The results showed that fish farming in addition to works by adapting the environment had to foster the growth of the pond water . So in 5 months, with a mean survival of 87 percent hindrance develop marketable size with an average weight of 340±12-390±13and 470 ±17grams and have a total production of more than 20 tonnes. All of it has been confirmed, the study area (SFRAIEN)is very suitable for the breeding Rainbow trout of pond during the fall and winter seasons .
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khorasan province ; Rainbow Trout ; Adaptation ; Culture ; Brackish Water ; Earthen ponds ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Saline water ; Aquatic ; Density ; Survival
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    The study of adaptation, growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis.sp) in Bafgh brackish water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25357 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 06:59:51 | 25357 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of adaptation, growth and survival of Red and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in underground brackish water. Fry with 0.3 and 0.7 g initial weight imported from Indonesia and after passing larviculture (20 g) were examined separately in fiber glass tank and earthen pond by two replicate. Fish were fed three times a day by using manual food (cp=33.79) and carp food (cp=25.05) at a restricted feeding program according to standard table during the 72 days rearing stage at light period. The results showed that some growth factors such as final weight, final length, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain in Nile tilapia were slightly higher than red tilapia but other factors such as survival and feed conversion rate in red tilapia were slightly higher than Nile tilapia. There were no significantly differences at 99% level among these factors. Length-weight relationship equation was w = 0.020 × TL3.012 in Nile tilapia and w = 0.015×TL3.086 in red tilapia (r^2 = 0.98), b value was 3.012 and 3.086 respectively in Nile and red tilapia representing isometric growth. So according to the results, good growth and high survival rate, it seems that both Nile and red tilapia could be good candidates for reproducing and rearing in brackish water condition.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Adaptation ; Growth ; Brackish water ; Survival ; Tilapia ; Oreochromis.sp ; Larviculture ; Rearing
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    Variations in fish body and scale shape among Aphanius dispar (Cyprinodontidae) populations: insights from a geometric morphometric analysis (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Phenotypic variations in fish body and scale shape were investigated among the three populations of Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829) in Southern Iran through the use of landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses. This species is widely distributed in the region, and therefore, considerable morphological variations exist among the geographically allopatric populations. Based on the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), variation in body shape of the females is prominently related to the dorsal fin region, while in the males it is related to the dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. Moreover, the shape variations in the scales are obviously linked to the tip of anterior portion of the scales, and the left and right boundaries between anterior and posterior regions of the scales. The lateral sides of the fish scales in site I are concave, while they are laterally convex in sites II and III. The observed variation seen in the fish body shape and scales among the three studied sites are probably caused by the different ecological conditions of their habitats particularly variation in water flow.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aphanius dispar ; Habitat changes ; Adaptation ; Tooth-carps ; Variations ; Fish body ; Scales ; Geometric ; Morphometric ; Water flow
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.113-123
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    Building climate-resilient food systems for Pacific Islands (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/17291 | 115 | 2015-06-20 06:25:25 | 17291 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: The countries and territories of the Pacific Islands face many challenges in building the three main pillars of food security: availability, access and appropriate use of nutritious food. These challenges arise from factors including rapid population growth and urbanization, shortages of arable land for farming and the availability of cheap, low-quality foods. As a result, many are now highly dependent on imported food, and the incidence of non-communicable diseases in the region is among the highest in the world. This report summarizes: 1) the projected effects of climate change on agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture in the Pacific region; 2) adaptations and supporting policies needed to reduce risks to food production; 3) gaps in knowledge that must be filled in order to implement the adaptations effectively; 4) recommendations to fill these knowledge gaps.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Small-scale agriculture ; Small-scale aquaculture ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Food security ; Policy ; Resilience ; Research ; Pacific
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Adaptive proteome diversification by nonsynonymous A-to-I RNA editing in coleoid cephalopods (2022)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Shoshan, Y., Liscovitch-Brauer, N., Rosenthal, J. J. C., & Eisenberg, E. Adaptive proteome diversification by nonsynonymous A-to-I RNA editing in coleoid cephalopods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(9), (2021): 3775–3788, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab154.
    Description: RNA editing by the ADAR enzymes converts selected adenosines into inosines, biological mimics for guanosines. By doing so, it alters protein-coding sequences, resulting in novel protein products that diversify the proteome beyond its genomic blueprint. Recoding is exceptionally abundant in the neural tissues of coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes), with an over-representation of nonsynonymous edits suggesting positive selection. However, the extent to which proteome diversification by recoding provides an adaptive advantage is not known. It was recently suggested that the role of evolutionarily conserved edits is to compensate for harmful genomic substitutions, and that there is no added value in having an editable codon as compared with a restoration of the preferred genomic allele. Here, we show that this hypothesis fails to explain the evolutionary dynamics of recoding sites in coleoids. Instead, our results indicate that a large fraction of the shared, strongly recoded, sites in coleoids have been selected for proteome diversification, meaning that the fitness of an editable A is higher than an uneditable A or a genomically encoded G.
    Description: This research was supported by a grants from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel (BSF2017262 to J.J.C.R. and E.E.), the Israel Science Foundation (3371/20 to E.E.) and the National Science Foundation (IOS 1827509 and 1557748 to J.J.C.R).
    Keywords: RNA editing ; Adaptation ; Evolution
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    State and local governments plan for development of most land vulnerable to rising sea level along the US Atlantic coast (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of IOP Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Research Letters 4 (2009): 044008, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044008.
    Description: Rising sea level threatens existing coastal wetlands. Overall ecosystems could often survive by migrating inland, if adjacent lands remained vacant. On the basis of 131 state and local land use plans, we estimate that almost 60% of the land below 1 m along the US Atlantic coast is expected to be developed and thus unavailable for the inland migration of wetlands. Less than 10% of the land below 1 m has been set aside for conservation. Environmental regulators routinely grant permits for shore protection structures (which block wetland migration) on the basis of a federal finding that these structures have no cumulative environmental impact. Our results suggest that shore protection does have a cumulative impact. If sea level rise is taken into account, wetland policies that previously seemed to comply with federal law probably violate the Clean Water Act.
    Keywords: Climate change ; Adaptation ; Land use planning ; Sea-level rise ; Wetland migration ; Shore protection
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    Adaptación de la tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) GIFT al ambiente marino. (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-08
    Description: La acuicultura marina es un sector con una alta tasa de crecimiento, llamado a satisfacer las demandas de peces y mariscos a escala global. La producción de tilapia reviste de una gran importancia a nivel mundial, pero las disponibilidades de agua dulce se han visto reducidas por la sequía y por la competitividad que ofrecen la agricultura y las fuentes de abasto de agua a las poblaciones. Es por ello que se ha ganado interés en los cultivos en ambiente marino. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en adaptar la tilapia a un ambiente de mayor salinidad para lograr su ciclo de vida completamente en dichas condiciones. Se emplearon alevines de tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) con un peso promedio de 1,71 g, los cuales fueron adaptados al ambiente marino en peceras de 40 L de capacidad. Se logró adaptar alevines de tilapia a una salinidad de 25 ups en un período de 24 h sin mortalidad.
    Description: Marine aquaculture is a sector with a high growth rate, called to meet the demands for fish and shellfish on a global scale. Tilapia production is of great importance worldwide, but the availability of fresh water has been reduced by drought and the competitiveness offered by agriculture and water supply sources to populations. That is why interest has been gained in farming in a marine environment. The objective of the work was to adapt the tilapia to a higher salinity environment to achieve its life cycle completely in these conditions. Fingerlings of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) with an average weight of 1,71 g were used, which were adapted to the marine environment in fish tanks of 40 L capacity. It was possible to adapt tilapia fingerlings to a salinity of 25 ups in a period of 24 h without mortality.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Tilapia ; Cultivo ; Adaptación ; Salinidad ; Farming ; Adaptation ; Salinity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.85-87
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    The landscape of extreme genomic variation in the highly adaptable Atlantic killifish (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Genome Biology and Evolution 9 (2017): 659-676, doi:10.1093/gbe/evx023.
    Description: Understanding and predicting the fate of populations in changing environments require knowledge about the mechanisms that support phenotypic plasticity and the adaptive value and evolutionary fate of genetic variation within populations. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) exhibit extensive phenotypic plasticity that supports large population sizes in highly fluctuating estuarine environments. Populations have also evolved diverse local adaptations. To yield insights into the genomic variation that supports their adaptability, we sequenced a reference genome and 48 additional whole genomes from a wild population. Evolution of genes associated with cell cycle regulation and apoptosis is accelerated along the killifish lineage, which is likely tied to adaptations for life in highly variable estuarine environments. Genome-wide standing genetic variation, including nucleotide diversity and copy number variation, is extremely high. The highest diversity genes are those associated with immune function and olfaction, whereas genes under greatest evolutionary constraint are those associated with neurological, developmental, and cytoskeletal functions. Reduced genetic variation is detected for tight junction proteins, which in killifish regulate paracellular permeability that supports their extreme physiological flexibility. Low-diversity genes engage in more regulatory interactions than high-diversity genes, consistent with the influence of pleiotropic constraint on molecular evolution. High genetic variation is crucial for continued persistence of species given the pace of contemporary environmental change. Killifish populations harbor among the highest levels of nucleotide diversity yet reported for a vertebrate species, and thus may serve as a useful model system for studying evolutionary potential in variable and changing environments.
    Description: This work was primarily supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (collaborative research grants DEB-1265282, DEB-1120512, DEB-1120013, DEB-1120263, DEB-1120333, DEB-1120398 to J.K.C., D.L.C., M.E.H., S.I.K., M.F.O., J.R.S., W.W., and A.W.). Further support was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1R01ES021934-01 to A.W., P42ES7373 to T.H.H., P42ES007381 to M.E.H., and R01ES019324 to J.R.S.), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM103423 and P20GM104318 to B.L.K.), and the National Science Foundation (DBI-0640462 and XSEDE-MCB100147 to D.G.).
    Keywords: Population genomics ; Genome sequence ; Comparative genomics ; Adaptation ; Genetic diversity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Increasing coral reef resilience through successive marine heatwaves (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 48(17), (2021): e2021GL094128, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094128.
    Description: Ocean warming is causing declines of coral reefs globally, raising critical questions about the potential for corals to adapt. In the central equatorial Pacific, reefs persisting through recurrent El Niño heatwaves hold important clues. Using an 18-year record of coral cover spanning three major bleaching events, we show that the impact of thermal stress on coral mortality within the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) has lessened over time. Disproportionate survival of extreme thermal stress during the 2009–2010 and 2015–2016 heatwaves, relative to that in 2002–2003, suggests that selective mortality through successive heatwaves may help shape coral community responses to future warming. Identifying and facilitating the conditions under which coral survival and recovery can keep pace with rates of warming are essential first steps toward successful stewardship of coral reefs under 21st century climate change.
    Description: Support was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) 1737311 to A. L. Cohen; The Atlantic Donor Advised Fund to A. L. Cohen; a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution post-doctoral scholarship to M. D. Fox; the Robertson Foundation, The Prince Albert Foundation, the New England Aquarium, and the Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund.
    Keywords: Coral reefs ; Thermal stress ; ENSO ; Adaptation ; Oceanography ; Central Pacific
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    When evolution is the solution to pollution : key principles, and lessons from rapid repeated adaptation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) populations (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Evolutionary Applications 10 (2017): 762–783, doi:10.1111/eva.12470.
    Description: For most species, evolutionary adaptation is not expected to be sufficiently rapid to buffer the effects of human-mediated environmental changes, including environmental pollution. Here we review how key features of populations, the characteristics of environmental pollution, and the genetic architecture underlying adaptive traits, may interact to shape the likelihood of evolutionary rescue from pollution. Large populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) persist in some of the most contaminated estuaries of the United States, and killifish studies have provided some of the first insights into the types of genomic changes that enable rapid evolutionary rescue from complexly degraded environments. We describe how selection by industrial pollutants and other stressors has acted on multiple populations of killifish and posit that extreme nucleotide diversity uniquely positions this species for successful evolutionary adaptation. Mechanistic studies have identified some of the genetic underpinnings of adaptation to a well-studied class of toxic pollutants; however, multiple genetic regions under selection in wild populations seem to reflect more complex responses to diverse native stressors and/or compensatory responses to primary adaptation. The discovery of these pollution-adapted killifish populations suggests that the evolutionary influence of anthropogenic stressors as selective agents occurs widely. Yet adaptation to chemical pollution in terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate wildlife may rarely be a successful “solution to pollution” because potentially adaptive phenotypes may be complex and incur fitness costs, and therefore be unlikely to evolve quickly enough, especially in species with small population sizes.
    Description: National Science Foundation Grant Numbers: DEB-1265282, OCE-1314567, DEB-1120263; National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Grant Numbers: R01ES021934-01, P42ES007381; Postdoctoral Research Program at the US Environmental Protection (US EPA); Office of Research and Development; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Grant Number: DW92429801; US Department of Energy
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Contemporary evolution ; Ecological genetics ; Ecotoxicology ; Genomics/proteomics ; Molecular evolution ; Natural selection and contemporary evolution ; Population genetics—empirical
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    A typology for analysing mitigation and adaptation win-win strategies (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: A sustainability transition in line with achieving global climate goals requires the implementation of win-win strategies (WWS), i.e. socioeconomic activities that enable economic gains while simultaneously contributing to climate change mitigation or adaptation measures. Such strategies are discussed in a variety of scientific communities, such as sustainability science, industrial ecology and symbiosis and circular economy. However, existing analyses of win-win strategies tend to take a systems perspective, while paying less attention to the specific actors and activities, or their interconnections, which are implicated in win-win strategies. Moreover, they hardly address adaptation WWS. To address these gaps and support the identification and enhancement of WWS for entrepreneurs and policy-makers, we propose a typology of WWS based on the concept of a value-consumption chain, which typically connects several producers with at least one consumer of a good or service. A consideration of these connections allows an evaluation of economic effects in a meso-economic perspective. We distinguish 34 different types of WWS of companies, households and the state, for which 23 real-world examples are identified. Further, contrary to prevailing views on the lack of a business case for adaptation, we do identify real-world adaptation WWS, though they remain underrepresented compared with mitigation WWS. Our typology can be used as an entry point for transdisciplinary research integrating assessment of individual transformative socioeconomic activities and highly aggregated approaches assessing, e.g. the macro-economic effects of WWS.
    Description: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme ()
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Win-win ; Green business models ; Green entrepreneurs ; Typology ; Mitigation ; Adaptation
    Language: English
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    Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die zukünftige Grundwassernutzung – Betroffenheiten, Handlungsbedarfe und Lösungsansätze (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Die Ergebnisse regionaler Klimaprojektionen für Deutschland weisen auf eine Zunahme der mittleren Lufttemperatur und eine innerjährliche Verschiebung der Niederschläge – mit feuchteren Wintern und trockeneren Sommern – hin. Darüber hinaus werden sich regional die Häufigkeit, Intensität und Dauer von Hitzewellen, Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignissen weiter erhöhen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird sich auch der Jahresgang der Grundwasserneubildung ändern. Als Folge dessen können sich Änderungen bei den hohen, mittleren und tiefen Grundwasserständen, Grundwasserschwankungsbreiten und dem Grundwasserdargebot ergeben. Aber nicht nur die Ressource Grundwasser wird durch die Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Auch die gesamte Infrastruktur – von der Förderung bis zur Verteilungsleitung zum Kunden – kann beeinträchtigt werden. Neben den direkten Einflüssen sind auch indirekte Beeinflussungen durch Kaskadeneffekte – beispielsweise ausgehend vom Energiesektor – möglich. Darum gilt es integrative, ganzheitliche und systemische Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die Funktionalität der kritischen Infrastruktur dauerhaft auch unter Berücksichtigung der Folgen des Klimawandels gewährleisten zu können.
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH (HZG) (4216)
    Description: Climate change impacts on groundwater use—impacts and action needs
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Klimawandel ; Wasserversorgung ; Kritische Infrastruktur ; Anpassung ; Climate change ; Impacts ; Water supply ; Critical infrastructure ; Adaptation
    Language: German
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  • 49
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    Can Tanzania’s adaptation measures prevent future maize yield decline? A simulation study from Singida region (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Cereal crop production in sub-Saharan Africa has not achieved the much-needed increase in yields to foster economic development and food security. Maize yields in the region’s semi-arid agroecosystems are constrained by highly variable rainfall, which may be worsened by climate change. Thus, the Tanzanian government has prioritized agriculture as an adaptation sector in its intended nationally determined contribution, and crop management adjustments as a key investment area in its Agricultural Sector Development Programme. In this study, we investigated how future changes in maize yields under different climate scenarios can be countered by regional adjusted crop management and cultivar adaptation strategies. A crop model was used to simulate maize yields in the Singida region of Tanzania for the baseline period 1980–2012 and under three future climate projections for 2020–2060 and 2061–2099. Adaptation strategies to improve yields were full irrigation, deficit irrigation, mulch and nitrogen addition and another cultivar. According to our model results, increase in temperature is the main driver of future maize yield decline. Increased respiration and phenological development were associated with lower maize yields of 16% in 2020–2060 and 20% in 2061–2099 compared to the 1980–2012 baseline. Surprisingly, none of the management strategies significantly improved yields; however, a different maize variety that was tested as an alternative coping strategy performed better. This study suggests that investment in accessibility of improved varieties and investigation of maize traits that have the potential to perform well in a warmer future are better suited for sustaining maize production in the semi-arid region than adjustments in crop management.
    Description: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
    Description: Universität Hohenheim (3153)
    Keywords: ddc:631 ; Maize ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Model ; Tanzania ; NDC
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Taking it with a grain of salt: tolerance to increasing salinization in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) across a low-lying delta (2024)
    In:  Parasites & Vectors vol. 17 no. 1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Background Salinity, exacerbated by rising sea levels, is a critical environmental cue affecting freshwater ecosystems. Predicting ecosystem structure in response to such changes and their implications for the geographical distribution of arthropod disease vectors requires further insights into the plasticity and adaptability of lower trophic level species in freshwater systems. Our study investigated whether populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens, typically considered sensitive to salt, have adapted due to gradual exposure. Methods Mesocosm experiments were conducted to evaluate responses in life history traits to increasing levels of salinity in three populations along a gradient perpendicular to the North Sea coast. Salt concentrations up to the brackish–marine transition zone (8 g/l chloride) were used, upon which no survival was expected. To determine how this process affects oviposition, a colonization experiment was performed by exposing the coastal population to the same concentrations. Results While concentrations up to the currently described median lethal dose (LD50) (4 g/l) were surprisingly favored during egg laying, even the treatment with the highest salt concentration was incidentally colonized. Differences in development rates among populations were observed, but the influence of salinity was evident only at 4 g/l and higher, resulting in only a 1-day delay. Mortality rates were lower than expected, reaching only 20% for coastal and inland populations and 41% for the intermediate population at the highest salinity. Sex ratios remained unaffected across the tested range. Conclusions The high tolerance to salinity for all key life history parameters across populations suggests that Cx. pipiens is unlikely to shift its distribution in the foreseeable future, with potential implications for the disease risk of associated pathogens.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Culex pipiens ; Environmental change ; Mosquito ; Population dynamics ; Oviposition ; experiments ; Salinization
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    A ticket to where? Dwindling snow cover impacts the winter tourism sector as a consequence of climate change (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Climate change affects human activities, including tourism across various sectors and time frames. The winter tourism industry, dependent on low temperatures, faces significant impacts. This paper reviews the implications of climate change on winter tourism, emphasising challenges for activities like skiing and snowboarding, which rely on consistent snowfall and low temperatures. As the climate changes, these once taken-for-granted conditions are no longer as commonplace. Through a comprehensive review supported by up-to-date satellite imagery, this paper presents evidence suggesting that the reliability of winter snow is decreasing, with findings revealing a progressive reduction in snow levels associated with temperature and precipitation changes in some regions. The analysis underscores the need for concerted efforts by stakeholders who must recognize the reality of diminishing snow availability and work towards understanding the specific changes in snow patterns. This should involve multi-risk and multi-instrument assessments, including ongoing satellite data monitoring to track snow cover changes. The practical implications for sports activities and the tourism industry reliant on snow involve addressing challenges by diversifying offerings. This includes developing alternative winter tourism activities less dependent on snow, such as winter hiking, nature walks, or cultural experiences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 120554
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Climate change ; Adaptation ; Tourism losses ; Winter sport ; Multi-date satellite imagery ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 52
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    Feeding rats a diet enriched with saturated fatty acids prevents the inhibitory effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on the in vitro uptake of hexoses and lipids
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1084 (1991), S. 122-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: Absorption ; Adaptation ; Alcohol ; Cholesterol ; Fatty acids ; Galactose ; Glucose ; Hexose
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(91)90210-9
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  • 53
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    New trends in photobiology - Intracellular processing of a spatially non-uniform stimulus: Case study of phototropism in Phycomyces
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 19 (1993), S. 161-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Directional growth ; Lens effect ; Pattern of excitation ; Symmetry breaks ; UV-receptor.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(93)87082-X
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  • 54
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    New trends in photobiology - Adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria to light and co"2
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 21 (1993), S. 3-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Carbon ; Cyanobacteria ; Light quality/intensity ; Photosystems I/II ; Phycobilisomes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(93)80159-7
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  • 55
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    Rapid exploration of alternatives via chaos
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 32 (1994), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Analytic maps ; Temporary chaos
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(94)90034-5
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  • 56
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    Kinetic implications of structural modification in protein turnover
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 22 (1989), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Catastrophe ; D1 protein ; Degradation ; Homeostasis ; Model
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90065-8
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  • 57
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    Adaptive modification of membrane lipids in Tetrahymena pyriformis during starvation - Alterations in phospholipid composition and positional distribution of fatty acyl chains
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 666 (1981), S. 36-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Tetrahymena) ; Acyl chain ; Adaptation ; Membrane lipid ; Phospholipid ; Positional distribution ; Starvation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(81)90088-6
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  • 58
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    Purification and partial characterization of a procaryotic glycoprotein from the plasma membrane of Thermoplasma acidophilum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 556 (1979), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Mass spectrometry, Thermoplasma acidophilum) ; Adaptation ; Plasma membrane ; Prokaryotic glycoprotein
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(79)90047-6
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  • 59
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    Crypt cell production rate, enterocyte turnover time and appearance of transport along the jejunal villus of the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1191 (1994), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Jejunum) ; Abdominal radiation ; Absorption ; Adaptation ; Crypt cell production rate ; Diabetes ; Enterocyte turnover time ; Intestinal resection
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(94)90249-6
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  • 60
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    Dietary regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis - II. Kinetics of adaptation of protein synthesis and its effect on enzyme content
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 654 (1981), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Keywords: (Rat pancreas) ; Adaptation ; Dietary regulation ; Enzyme synthesis ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2787(81)90143-X
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  • 61
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    Effect of diet composition on the protein synthetic pattern of the rat pancreas after a feeding period of five days
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 606 (1980), S. 138-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Keywords: (Pancreas) ; Adaptation ; Diet effect ; Protein synthesis ; Secretory proteins
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2787(80)90105-7
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  • 62
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    Characterization of an Escherichia coli gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) : structural similarity to mammalian ALDHs and a plant BADH
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 103 (1991), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Adaptation ; cloning ; eukaryote-prokaryote divergence ; evolution ; fungal ALDH ; homeostatic functions ; nucleotide sequence ; osmoregulation ; protein homology ; salt tolerance
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(91)90389-S
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  • 63
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    Dietary regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis - I. Rapid and specific modulation of enzyme synthesis by changes in dietary composition
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 654 (1981), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Keywords: (Rat pancreas) ; Adaptation ; Dietary regulation ; Enzyme synthesis ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2787(81)90142-8
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  • 64
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    Comparative behavior of three wheat cultivars and their mixture in India, Nepal and Pakistan
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 39 (1994), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Crop mixtures ; G x E interaction ; Multilines ; Stability ; Sustainability ; Varietal mixtures
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90010-8
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  • 65
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    Calcium regulates the rate of rhodopsin disactivation and the primary amplification step in visual transduction
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 242 (1989), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ca^2^+ ; Light scattering ; Phosphorylation ; Photoreception ; Rhodopsin ; Transducin disactivation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(89)80479-X
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  • 66
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    The mechanism of neuronal resistance and adaptation to hypoxia
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 224 (1987), S. 4-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ca^2^+ influx ; Hypoxia ; Neuronal resistance ; Taurine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(87)80411-8
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  • 67
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    Biochemical basis for glyphosate-tolerance in a bacterium and a plant tissue culture
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 157 (1983), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: 5-Enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase ; Adaptation ; Enzyme inhibition Tolerance ; Glyphosate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(83)81143-0
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  • 68
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    Myosin isozyme changes in the heart following constriction of the ascending aorta of a 25-day old rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 161 (1983), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cardiac hypertrophy ; Light chain ; Myosin isozyme
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(83)81014-X
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  • 69
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    Microbial responses to experimental sea-ice formation: Implications for the establishment of Antarctic sea-ice communities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 173 (1993), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Antarctica ; Bacteria ; Physiology ; Phytoplankton ; Sea-ice formation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(93)90058-V
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  • 70
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    Pheromone-induced second-messenger signaling in insect antennae
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 23 (1993), S. 757-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-1748
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cyclic GMP ; Heliothis virescens ; Inositol trisphosphate ; Pheromones ; Primary reaction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0965-1748(93)90063-X
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  • 71
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    New trends in photobiology - Short-term adaptation of plants to changing light intensities and its relation to Photosystem II photochemistry and fluorescence emission
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 26 (1994), S. 3-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Chlorophyll ; Fluorescence ; Photoinhibition ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(94)85032-1
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  • 72
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    Carbon affinity adaptation of Synechococcus and its phycocyanin mutant to various CO"2 concentrations and light intensities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 26 (1994), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Carbon uptake ; Phycocyanin mutant ; Synechococcus
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(94)85040-2
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    Some electrical properties of the cercal anemoreceptors of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 107 (1994), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cercus ; Cereal filiform sensilla ; Insect ; Mechanoreceptor ; Periplaneta americana ; Receptor potentials ; Sensory neurons
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(94)90393-X
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    Ovarian melanotropic peptides and adaptation in two teleostean species: Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 15 (1994), S. 927-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Melanotropic peptides ; Sea bass ; Sea bream
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(94)90052-3
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    The lifetime of photosensory signals in Halobacterium halobium and its dependence on protein methylation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1052 (1990), S. 96-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Archaebacteria (H. halobium) ; Photobehavior ; Protein methylation ; Signal lifetime ; Signal transduction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4889(90)90062-I
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    Thermal properties of NAD malate dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in two genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Cruciferae) from contrasting environments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 31 (1983), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Keywords: Acclimation ; Adaptation ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Ecotypes ; Enzymes ; Thermostability
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(83)90127-X
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    The effect of inositol hexaphosphate in the high-affinity hemoglobin of the Andean chicken (Gallus gallus)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 109 (1994), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Chicken ; Hemoglobin affinity ; High altitude ; Hypoxia ; Inositol hexaphosphate ; Inositol pentaphosphate ; P50
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(94)90026-4
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    Basic mechanisms in thermal long-term and short-term adaptation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 11 (1986), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; brown adipose tissue ; nonshivering thermogenesis ; nucleus raphe magnus ; subcoeruleus area ; thermal receptors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(86)90022-7
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    Transposable elements in mosquitoes and other insect species
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 109 (1994), S. 531-544 
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    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Biodiversity ; Gene amplification ; Insecticide resistance ; LINE ; Molecular evolution ; Mosquitoes ; Repetitive sequences ; Transposable elements
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(94)90115-5
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    Thermal adaptation and acclimation of ecotypic populations of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (Lemnaceae): Morphology and growth rates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 6 (1981), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Lemnaceae ; Spirodela polyrhiza ; acclimation ; acclimatory changes ; clones ; ecotypes ; greater duckweed ; growth rates ; morphology ; thermal effects
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(81)90047-4
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    Thermal adaptation and acclimation of ecotypic populations of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) schleid. (lemnaceae): Temperature dependency of K"m of nad malate dehydrogenase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 8 (1983), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Lemnaceae ; Michaelis-Menten constant ; NAD malate dehydrogenase ; Spirodela polyrhiza ; acclimation ; acclimatory changes ; clones ; ecotypes ; greater duckweed ; specific activity ; thermal effects K"m
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(83)90011-6
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    Adaptation of Drosophila enzymes to temperature-VI. Acclimation studies using the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 14 (1989), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Drosophila ; acclimation ; development ; enzyme kinetics ; enzymes ; lactate dehydrogenase ; malate dehydrogenase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(89)90013-2
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    Increased intestinal iron absorption in rats with normal hepatic iron stores. Kinetic aspects of the adaptative response to parenteral iron repletion in dietary iron deficiency
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 1033 (1990), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Adaptation ; Ferritin ; Instestine ; Iron absorption ; Kinetics ; Non-heme iron
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(90)90133-H
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    Modeling adaptive biological systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 23 (1989), S. 113-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Complex systems ; Evolution ; Modeling ; Networks ; Self-organization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90016-6
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    Implications for evolution of nuclear structures of animals, plants, fungi and protoctists
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 22 (1989), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell nucleus ; Evolution ; Plants ; Protoctista ; Taxonomy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90039-7
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    The growth of Escherichia coli in glucose-limited chemostat cultures: a re-examination of the kinetics
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 1201 (1994), S. 424-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Continuous culture ; E. coli ; Kinetics ; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ; Oligotrophy ; Sugar analysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(94)90072-8
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    Microbial ecology of the subsurface at an abandoned creosote waste site (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 109-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Ground water ; Biodegradation ; Hydrocarbon ; Adaptation ; Subsurface ; Creosote ; Microorganism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The microbial ecology of pristine, slightly contaminated, and heavily contaminated subsurface materials, and four subsurface materials on the periphery of the plume at an abandoned creosote waste site was investigated. Except for the unsaturated zone of the heavily contaminated material, mineralization of glucose (13.5 ppb) indicated a metabolically active microflora in all subsurface materials. However, mineralization (〈40%) of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and 2-methylnaphthalene was observed in contaminated material and material from the periphery of the plume, but not in pristine material. Pentachlorophenol was mineralized in material from the periphery of the plume. Inorganic and organic nutrient amendments and changes in pH and temperature did not increase the extent of mineralization of the aromatic compounds. An array of organic compounds found in creosote were biotransformed in contaminated ground water; however some compounds were still detected after 7 months of incubation. The data suggest that the subsurface microflora in slightly and heavily contaminated subsurface materials and materials from the periphery of the plume has adapted to degrade many compounds found in creosote.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569795
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    The role of culture in the technological advancement process (1993)
    Springer
    AI & society 7 (1993), S. 248-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Culture ; Technology ; Cold utilitarianism ; Adaptation ; Civilization ; Western culture ; Eastern culture ; Instrumentality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The role of cultural models in the process of adaptation to the new technologies is very different according to different civilizations. Some basic cultural items seem to be particularly crucial, such as, for example, the levels of pragmatism or rationalism which characterize a civilization or some periods of its history. This paper presents a sketch aimed at setting up a comparison between Western and Eastern cultures facing the problem of adapting to new technologies. The concept ofcold utilitarianism is introduced. It allows a way of defining adaptation which is only partial and contradictory in Western culture, while it completely describes, though perhaps provisionally, the Eastern way of making and using technology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901820
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    The bioenergetic coordination of a complex biological system is revealed by its adaptation to changing environmental conditions (1996)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 44 (1996), S. 283-299 
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    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Anacystis nidulans ; Cyanobacteria ; Flow-force relationship ; Growth ; Phosphate uptake ; Selforganization of aquatic ecosystems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The properties of the phosphate uptake system of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans have been studied during the transition from a phosphate-deficient non-growing state to a non-deficient growing state. In the phosphate-deficient state the high affinity phosphate transport system in the cell membrane is extremely adaptive. As a result of these adaptive features the phosphate transport system cannot be described by determinate, fixed parameters, because the transport system is influenced by the measurement of the uptake process itself. When the growing state has been initiated by a persisting phosphate pulse, the transport system rapidly loses its adaptive features and can then be characterized by determinate parameters that remain unchanged for a long period of time, even if no uptake occurs in that time. Depending on the amount of phosphate stored during a pulse the cell makes a choice between slow or fast growth. In the latter case the light harvesting and energy converting machinery is completely reorganized before growth commences. Thereby the components of this machinery conform to each other and to the stable properties of the phosphate transport system. It is suggested that the mutual adjustment of these adaptive energy converting subunits is guided by attractors that function as the final cause for the development of the whole system. An application of this model to an analysis of the selforganization of aquatic ecosystems is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046534
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    Bacteria tolerant to organic solvents (1998)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 2 (1998), S. 229-238 
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    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Solvent-tolerant bacteria ; Adaptation ; Resistance ; Toxicity ; Log P ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The toxic effects that organic solvents have on whole cells is an important drawback in the application of these solvents in environmental biotechnology and in the production of fine chemicals by whole-cell biotransformations. Hydrophobic organic solvents, such as toluene, are toxic for living organisms because they accumulate in and disrupt cell membranes. The toxicity of a compound correlates with the logarithm of its partition coefficient with octanol and water (log P ow). Substances with a log P ow value between 1 and 5 are, in general, toxic for whole cells. However, in recent years different bacterial strains have been isolated and characterized that can adapt to the presence of organic solvents. These strains grow in the presence of a second phase of solvents previously believed to be lethal. Different mechanisms contributing to the solvent tolerance of these strains have been found. Alterations in the composition of the cytoplasmic and outer membrane have been described. These adaptations suppress the effects of the solvents on the membrane stability or limit the rate of diffusion into the membrane. Furthermore, changes in the rate of the biosynthesis of the phospholipids were reported to accelerate repair processes. In addition to these adaptation mechanisms compensating the toxic effect of the organic solvents, mechanisms do exist that actively decrease the amount of the toxic solvent in the cells. An efflux system actively decreasing the amount of solvents in the cell has been described recently. We review here the current knowledge about exceptional strains that can grow in the presence of toxic solvents and the mechanisms responsible for their survival.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050065
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    Bacillus sp. WW3-SN6, a novel facultatively alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from the washwaters of edible olives (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Olive wastes ; Bacillus ; Alkaliphile ; Growth characteristics ; Lipid composition ; Phylogeny ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel Gram-positive facultatively alkaliphilic, sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as WW3-SN6, has been isolated from the alkaline washwaters derived from the preparation of edible olives. The bacterium is nonmotile, and flagella are not observed. It is oxidase positive and catalase negative. The facultative alkaliphile grows from pH 7.0 to 10.5, with a broad optimum from pH 8.0 to 9.0. It could grow in up to 15% (w/v) NaCl, and over the temperature range from 4° to 37°C, with an optimum between 27° and 32°C: therefore, it is both halotolerant and psychrotolerant. The bacterium is sensitive to a range of β-lactam, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics, but resistant to trimethoprim. The range of amino acids, sugars, and polyols utilized as growth substrates indicates that this alkaliphile is a heterotrophic bacterium. d(+)-glucose, d(+)-glucose-6-phosphate, d(+)-cellobiose, starch, or sucrose are the substrates best utilized. The major membrane lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, with smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. During growth at high pH, the proportion of phosphatidylglycerol is increased relative to phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acyl components in the membrane phospholipids are mainly branched chain, with 13-methyl tetradecanoic and 12-methyl tetradecanoic acids as the predominant components. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is 41.1 ± 1.0 mol%. The results of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis place this alkaliphilic bacterium in a cluster, together with an unnamed alkaliphilic Bacillus species (98.2% similarity).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010712
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    Biochemical ecology of deep-sea animals (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 537-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Adaptation ; deep sea ; hydrostatic pressure ; hydrothermal vents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Deep-sea ecosystems contain unique endemic species whose distributions show strong vertical patterning in the case of pelagic animals and sharp horizontal patterning in the case of benthic animals living in or near the deep-sea hydothermal vents. This review discusses the biochemical adaptations that enable deep-sea animals to exploit diverse deep-sea habitats and that help establish biogeographic patterning in the deep-sea. The abilities of deep-sea animals to tolerate the pressure and temperature conditions of deep-sea habitats are due to pervasive adaptations at the biochemical level: enzymes exhibit reduced perturbation of function by pressure, membranes have fluidities adapted to deep-sea pressures and temperatures, and proteins show enhanced structural stability relative to homologous proteins from cold-adapted shallow-living species. Animals from the warmest habitable regions of hydrothermal vent ecosystems have enzymes and mitochondria adapted to high pressure and relatively high temperatures. The low metabolic rates of bathypelagic fishes correlate with greatly reduced capacities for ATP turnover in locomotory muscle. Reduced light and food availability in bathypelagic regions select for low rates of energy expenditure in locomotory activity. Deep-sea animals thus reflect the importance of biochemical adaptations in establishing species distribution patterns and appropriate rates of metabolic turnover in different ecosystems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920236
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    The prospects for an evolutionary psychology: Human language and human reasoning (1996)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 6 (1996), S. 541-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: Adaptation ; cognition ; evolutionary psychology ; human evolution ; language ; rationality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Evolutionary psychology purports to explain human capacities as adaptations to an ancestral environment. A complete explanation of human language or human reasoning as adaptations depends on assessing an historical claim, that these capacities evolved under the pressure of natural selection and are prevalent because they provided systematic advantages to our ancestors. An outline of the character of the information needed in order to offer complete adaptation explanations is drawn from Robert Brandon (1990), and explanations offered for the evolution of language and reasoning within evolutionary psychology are evaluated. Pinker and Bloom's (1992) defense of human language as an adaptation for verbal communication, Robert Nozick's (1993) account of the evolutionary origin of rationality, and Cosmides and Tooby's (1992) explanation of human reasoning as an adaptation for social exchange, are discussed in light of what is known, and what is not known, about the history of human evolution. In each case, though a plausible case is made that these capacities are adaptations, there is not enough known to offer even a semblance of an explanation of the origin of these capacities. These explanations of the origin of human thought and language are simply speculations lacking the kind of detailed historical information required for an evolutionary explanation of an adaptation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389658
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    Ubiquitin gene expression: response to environmental changes (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 20 (1991), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ubiquitin ; Regulation ; Adaptation ; Transcripts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It has previously been shown that the yeast ubiquitin genes UBI1, 2 and 3 are strongly expressed during the log-phase of batch culture growth, whereas the UBI4 gene is weakly expressed. We found that heat shock, treatment with DNA-damaging agents, starvation, and the feeding of starved cells all transiently induced UBI4. These results suggest that UBI4 is induced whenever a change in culture conditions dictates a dramatic shift in cellular metabolism, and that UBI4 expression returns to lower levels once cellular metabolism has adapted to the new conditions. In contrast, all of the treatments tested, except starvation, transiently repressed the UBI1, 2 and 3 genes. Although starvation also repressed UBI1, 2 and 3 its effect was not transient, and expression only recovered upon the addition of fresh media. These results, together with others presented here, suggest that high levels of UBI1, 2 and 3 expression are dependant upon ongoing cell growth, and that treatments which slow or stop growth repress their expression.
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    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
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    Resolution of pheromone pulses in receptor cells of Antheraea polyphemus at different temperatures (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Pheromone receptor cells ; Single sensillum recording ; Temperature dependence ; Nerve-impulse response ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of pheromone receptor cells of male Antheraea polyphemus (Saturniidae) to resolve stimulus pulses was determined at different temperatures (8°, 18°, 28°C). The cells were stimulated by repeated 20-ms puffs of the pheromone components (E, Z)-6, 11-hexadecadienyl acetate and (E, Z)-6,11-hexadecadienal. At higher temperatures, higher frequencies of stimulus pulses were resolved by the nerve-impulse response: about 1.25 pulses per second at 8°C, 2.5 pulses/s at 18°C and 5 pulses/s at 28°C. The decreased ability of receptor cells to resolve stimulus pulses at low temperatures may reduce the male moth's chance of reaching the pheromone source. The peak nerve-impulse frequency increased whereas the duration of nerve-impulse responses to single stimulus pulses decreased at higher temperatures. At a given temperature and stimulus intensity the peak nerveimpulse frequency decreased with shorter intervals between the stimulus pulses, but the duration of the responses remained almost constant. The time needed for recovery from adaptation caused by a single stimulus pulse was longer at lower temperatures. The aldehyde receptor cell recovered more quickly than the acetate cell. At low stimulus concentration, the resolution ability of the acetate cell was strongly decreased, whereas in the aldehyde cell it was only slightly impaired.
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    Temporal coding of pheromone pulses and trains in Manduca sexta (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 505-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: anduca sexta ; Olfaction ; Pheromones ; Temporal coding ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the ability of pheromone-sensitive olfactory receptors of male Manduca sexta to respond to 20-ms pulses of bombykal, the major component of the conspecific pheromonal blend. Isolated pulses of bombykal elicited a burst of activity which decreased exponentially with a time constant of 160–250 ms. Trains of pulses delivered at increasing frequencies (0.5–10 Hz) elicited temporally modulated responses at up to 3 Hz. Concentration of the stimulus (1, 10, 100 ng per odor source) had a marginal effect on the temporal resolution of the receptors. Within a train, the responses to individual pulses remained constant, except for 10-Hz trains (short-term adaptation). A dose-dependent decline of responsiveness was observed during experiments (long-term adaptation). Although individual neurons may not respond faithfully to each pulse of a train, the population of receptors sampled in this study appears to be capable of encoding the onset of odor pulses at frequencies of up to at least 3 Hz.
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    Light-induced changes in extracellular calcium concentration in the compound eye of Calliphora, Locusta and Apis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 573-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Insect retina ; Extracellular calcium ; Species differences ; Photoreceptor ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ion-selective microelectrodes inserted into the compound eyes of Calliphora, Locusta and Apis were used to monitor the changes in extracellular concentration of Ca2+ (Cao) brought about by a 1-min exposure to white light (maximal luminous intensity ca. 103 cd/m2). In the blowfly retina such stimulation causes a decrease in Cao. At high light intensities the Cao signal is phasic, falling over about 6 s to a transient light-induced minimum (ΔCao= -6.2% ± 0.4%, n = 20, SE) and then rising to an approximately stable plateau (-3.3% ± 0.6%). In migratory locusts the light-induced minimum corresponds to a ΔCao of -13.8% ± 1.6% (n = 10), and at the plateau the Cao decrease is-13.2% ± 1.5%. In honey-bees Cao at first decreases only slightly, by -2.6% ± 1.0% (n = 10); by the end of the 1-min stimulus the extracellular concentration averages 33.6% ± 14.6% above the dark level. The results suggest a relationship between the position of the characteristic curve of the photoreceptor in the dark-adapted state, the occurrence of quantum bumps, and light-induced increases or decreases in Cao. Therefore the species differences might be interpreted as a consequence of differences in the intracellular dark concentration of Ca2+.
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    Three modes of spatiotemporal preprocessing by eyes (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 583-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Natural images ; Spatiotemporal filtering ; Adaptation ; Eye design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Optimal spatiotemporal filters for early vision were computed as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and α, a parameter defined as the ratio of the width of the probability distribution of velocities as perceived by the naturally behaving animal, and the characteristic velocity of the photoreceptors (the velocity required to move across a receptor's receptive field in a receptor's integration time). Animals that move slowly, on average, compared with the characteristic velocity of their photoreceptors have α ≪ 1, animals that move fast have α ≫ 1. 2. For α ≪ 1, the temporal part of the optimal filter adapts more to different SNRs (light levels) than the spatial part, leading to large adjustments in temporal resolving power and strong self-inhibition at high SNR, but little lateral inhibition. 3. For α ≫ 1, the spatial part of the filter adapts more strongly than the temporal part, leading to strong lateral inhibition at high SNR, and little self-inhibition. 4. For α ≈ 1, both spatial and temporal properties change about equally much when varying SNR. 5. Varying the width of the angular sensitivity of the photoreceptors shows that for every combination of α and SNR there is an optimal width. Visual systems with large α need wider angular sensitivities, in particular at low SNR, in order to reach the information maximum than visual systems with small α.
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    Altered mechanoreceptor response in Drosophila bang-sensitive mutants (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 175 (1994), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Bang sensitivity ; Mechanotransduction ; Adaptation ; Sensory coding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bang-sensitive mutants of Drosophila melano gaster (bas 1, bssMW1, eas2, tko25t) display seizure followed by paralysis when subjected to mechanical shock. However, no physiological or biochemical defect has been found to be common to all of these mutants. In order to observe the effects of bang-sensitive mutations upon an identified neuron, and to study the nature of mechanically induced paralysis, we examined the response of a mechanosensory neuron in these mutants. In each single mutant and the double mutant bas 1 bssMW1, the frequency of action potentials in response to a bristle displacement was reduced. This is the first demonstration of a physiological defect common to several of the bang-sensitive mutations. Adaptation of spike frequency, cumulative adaptation to repeated stimulation (fatigue) and the time course of recovery from adaptation were also examined. Recovery from adaptation to a conditioning stimulus was examined in two mutants (bas 1 and bss MW1), and initial recovery from adaptation was greater in both mutants. Quantification of receptor potentials was complicated by variability inherent in extracellular recording conditions, but examination of the waveform and range of amplitudes did not indicate clear mutant defects. Therefore the differences observed in the spike response may be due to an alteration of the transfer from receptor potentials to action potential production. DNA sequence analysis of tko and eas has indicated that they encode apparently unrelated biochemical products. Our results suggest that these biochemical lesions lead to a common physiological defect in mechanoreceptors. Although this defect does not provide a straightforward explanation for bang sensitivity, the altered cellular process may lead to bang sensitivity through its action in different parts of the nervous system.
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