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  • Other Sources  (3,531)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (2,133)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (1,398)
  • Animals
  • 1980-1984  (3,489)
  • 1950-1954  (16)
  • 1945-1949  (25)
  • 1925-1929  (1)
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  • 1
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    Curved-flow, rolling-flow, and oscillatory pure-yawing wind-tunnel test methods for determination of dynamic stability derivatives (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: The test capabilities of the Stability Wind Tunnel of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University are described, and calibrations for curved and rolling flow techniques are given. Oscillatory snaking tests to determine pure yawing derivatives are considered. Representative aerodynamic data obtained for a current fighter configuration using the curved and rolling flow techniques are presented. The application of dynamic derivatives obtained in such tests to the analysis of airplane motions in general, and to high angle of attack flight conditions in particular, is discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Dyn. Stability Parameters; 13 p
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  • 2
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    In-flight lift and drag measurements on a first generation jet transport equipped with winglets (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A KC-135A aircraft equipped with wing tip winglets was flight tested to demonstrate and validate the potential performance gain of the winglet concept as predicted from analytical and wind tunnel data. Flight data were obtained at cruise conditions for Mach numbers of 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80 at a nominal altitude of 36,000 ft. and winglet configurations of 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence, 0 deg cant/-4 deg incidence, and baseline. For the Mach numbers tested the data show that the addition of winglets did not affect the lifting characteristics of the wing. However, both winglet configurations showed a drag reduction over the baseline configuration, with the best winglet configuration being the 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence configuration. This drag reduction due to winglets also increased with increasing lift coefficient. It was also shown that a small difference exists between the 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence flight and wind tunnel predicted data. This difference was attributed to the pillowing of the winglet skins in flight which would decrease the winglet performance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 103-116
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  • 3
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    KC-135 winglet program overview (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A joint NASA/USAF program was conducted to accomplish the following objectives: (1) evaluate the benefits that could be achieved from the application of winglets to KC-135 aircraft; and (2) determine the ability of wind tunnel tests and analytical analysis to predict winglet characteristics. The program included wind-tunnel development of a test winglet configuration; analytical predictions of the changes to the aircraft resulting from the application of the test winglet; and finally, flight tests of the developed configuration. Pressure distribution, loads, stability and control, buffet, fuel mileage, and flutter data were obtained to fulfill the objectives of the program.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 1-46
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  • 4
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    KC-135 wing and winglet flight pressure distributions, loads, and wing deflection results with some wind tunnel comparisons (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A full-scale winglet flight test on a KC-135 airplane with an upper winglet was conducted. Data were taken at Mach numbers from 0.70 to 0.82 at altitudes from 34,000 feet to 39,000 feet at stabilized flight conditions for wing/winglet configurations of basic wing tip, 15/-4 deg, 15/-2 deg, and 0/-4 deg winglet cant/incidence. An analysis of selected pressure distribution and data showed that with the basic wing tip, the flight and wind tunnel wing pressure distribution data showed good agreement. With winglets installed, the effects on the wing pressure distribution were mainly near the tip. Also, the flight and wind tunnel winglet pressure distributions had some significant differences primarily due to the oilcanning in flight. However, in general, the agreement was good. For the winglet cant and incidence configuration presented, the incidence had the largest effect on the winglet pressure distributions. The incremental flight wing deflection data showed that the semispan wind tunnel model did a reasonable job of simulating the aeroelastic effects at the wing tip. The flight loads data showed good agreement with predictions at the design point and also substantiated the predicted structural penalty (load increase) of the 15 deg cant/-2 deg incidence winglet configuration.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 47-102
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  • 5
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    Status of advanced airfoil tests in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A joint NASA/U.S. industry program to test advanced technology airfoils in the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Tunnel (TCT) was formulated under the Langley ACEE Project Office. The objectives include providing U.S. industry an opportunity to compare their most advanced airfoils to the latest NASA designs by means of high Reynolds number tests in the same facility. At the same time, industry would again experience in the design and construction of cryogenic test techniques. The status and details of the test program are presented. Typical aerodynamic results obtained, to date, are presented at chord Reynolds number up to 45 x 10(6) and are compared to results from other facilities and theory. Details of a joint agreement between NASA and the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsantalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt e.V. (DFVLR) for tests of two airfoils are also included. Results of these tests will be made available as soon as practical.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 37-53
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  • 6
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    Measurement of the solar constant (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-04
    Description: The absolute value of the solar constant and the long term variations that exist in the absolute value of the solar constant were measured. The solar constant is the total irradiance of the Sun at a distance of one astronomical unit. An absolute radiometer removed from the effects of the atmosphere with its calibration tested in situ was used to measure the solar constant. The importance of an accurate knowledge of the solar constant is emphasized.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
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  • 7
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    Solar spectrum from 170 to 3200 nanometers (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-04
    Description: The spectral irradiance of the Sun between 170 and 3200 nanometers was measured to determine accurately the solar constant, its possible variation with the solar cycle, and the wavelength range responsible for the observed variations. It is pointed out that measurements over very long time periods (10 years) involving flights of the same instrument on future Spacelab missions will be required. Few spectral solar irradiation measurements ranging from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared have been performed yet. The most extensive solar irradiation measurements were obtained by a spectrometer onboard an aircraft or from high altitude observatories. The full disk irradiation flux was measured, corrections for atmospheric absorption are applied in all of the measurements.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
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  • 8
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    Component testing for dynamic model verification (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Dynamic model verification is the process whereby an analytical model of a dynamic system is compared with experimental data, adjusted if necessary to bring it into agreement with the data, and then qualified for future use in predicting system response in a different dynamic environment. These are various ways to conduct model verification. The approach taken here employs Bayesian statistical parameter estimation. Unlike curve fitting, whose objective is to minimize the difference between some analytical function and a given quantity of test data (or curve), Bayesian estimation attempts also to minimize the difference between the parameter values of that funciton (the model) and their initial estimates, in a least squares sense. The objectives of dynamic model verification, therefore, are to produce a model which: (1) is in agreement with test data; (2) will assist in the interpretation of test data; (3) can be used to help verify a design; (4) will reliably predict performance; and (5) in the case of space structures, will facilitate dynamic control.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 15 p
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  • 9
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    Post and a random-walk search mode (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Multidisciplinary analysis often requires optimization of nonlinear systems that are subject to constraints. Trajectory optimization is one example of this situation. The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) was used successfully for a number of problems. The purpose is to describe POST and a new optimization approach that has been incorporated into it. Typical uses of POST will also be illustrated. The projected-gradient approach to optimization is the preferred option in POST and is discussed. A new approach to optimization, the random-walk approach, is described, and results with the random-walk approach are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 23 p
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  • 10
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    Wall interference measurements for three-dimensional models in transonic wind tunnels: Experimental difficulties (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The purpose is not to provide a detailed discussion of several wall interference experiments, but rather to use these experiments (recently accomplished in the Boeing Transonic Wind Tunnel (BTWT) to illustrate the problems associated with many of the measurements required by current wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) procedures. The wall correction to lift is emphasized. It is shown that, because conventional tunnels and relatively small models continue to be used, the flow field or flow boundary measurements to be made impose severe requirements on the experiment itself. In some cases, existing instrumentation and test techniques may not be adequate to obtain the data accuracies needed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 21-42
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  • 11
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    Adaptation of a four-wall interference assessment/correction procedure for airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Based upon limited, initial observations of wall interference corrections obtained for one airfoil test, there is a need for assessing the upstream flow direction. If there is no direct measurement then a two-pass correction procedure similar to the one described here is required. Questions have arisen pertaining to the correct interpretation of the pressure coefficients measured on the slats of a slotted tunnel wall, the interpretation of just what the calculated equivalent body encompasses or should include, and what can or should be considered as quantitative criteria for data correctability. Further studies using this modified procedure will address these questions. Hopefully, a meaningful WIAC procedure can be validated for the airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 393-414
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  • 12
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    Some experience with Barnwell-Sewall type correction to two-dimensional airfoil data (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A series of airfoils were tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) at Reynolds numbers from 2 to 50 million. The 0.3-m TCT is equipped with Barnwell slots designed to minimize blockage due to the tunnel flow and ceiling. This design suggests that sidewall corrections for blockage is needed, and that a lifting airfoil produces a change in angle of attack. Sidewall correction methods were developed for subsonic and subsonic-transonic flow. Comparisons of theory with experimental data obtained in the 0.3-m TCT for two airfoils, the British NPL 9510 and the German R-4 are presented. The NPL 9510 was tested as part of the NASA/United Kingdom Joint Aeronautical Program and R-4 was tested as part f the DFVLR/NASA Advanced Airfoil Research Program. For the NPL 9510 airfoil, only those test points that one would anticipate being difficult to predict theoretically are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 375-392
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  • 13
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    Experiences with a high-blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Representation of the flow around full-scale ships was sought in the subsonic wind tunnels in order to a Hain Reynolds numbers as high as possible. As part of the quest to attain the largest possible Reynolds number, large models with high blockage are used which result in significant wall interference effects. Some experiences with such a high blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel are summarized. The main results of the experiment relating to wind tunnel wall interference effects are also presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 345-360
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  • 14
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    An inerference assessment approach for a three-dimensional slotted tunnel with sparse wall pressure data (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The various procedures referred to as wall interference assessment and correction procedures presume the existence of a surface distribution of data (usually static pressure) measured over a surface on or near the tunnel walls for each test point to be assessed. An alternative approach in which a reasonably sophisticated computer model of the test section flow would be fitted parametrically to a sparse set of measured data is presented. The measurements provides line distributions of static pressure near the center lines of the top, side and bottom walls. The development of a test section model incorporating explicit recognition of discrete slots of finite length with controlled flow reentry into the solid wall downstream portion of the tunnel is shown.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 323-334
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  • 15
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    The measurement of global scale surface dynamics (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The SCADM mission implicitly contains a requirement for a fundamentally new type of satellite instrument: a very sensitive (approximately 1 m s/1) imaging velocity detector. This is needed to measure global oscillations and global circulation patterns, but the sensitivity requirement is so severe that it has not yet been met even with ground based instruments. In this presentation, the various possible sources of noise and other errors in such a device are considered, and the more detailed instrumental requirements are developed. This leads to the conceptual design of a velocitygraph that appears to achieve the necessary sensitivity and imaging capability within a resonable weight and volume.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 147-157
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  • 16
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    The opportunities offered by SCADM for the study of surface phenomena related to interior structure and dynamics (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The physical processes to be probed by experiments may be grouped as large scale flows, oscillations, and chromospheric/coronal diagnostics. While the fundamental concerns and observational equipments are similar within each class, different investigations may tell different things about the Sun. Observational requirements are listed for experiments to study (1) plasma-magnetic field interactions; (2) interior structure via oscillations; (3) chromospheric and coronal tracers; (4) rotation, meridional flows, and giant cells; (5) the depth dependence of rotation; (6) EUV luminosity; (7) intensity fluctuations and tracers; and (8) diameter oscillations, the effects of noise and timestring on experiment results are assessed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 101-135
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  • 17
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    Observable solar features which provide clues to the state of the solar dynamo (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Space experiments are suggested to better monitor the solar dynamo and solar luminosity variations. Polar and other magnetic fields, sunspots, coronal holes, filaments and other observable solar and solar wind phenomena can provide us with important links to test and discover physical mechanisms which relate solar activity to terrestrial weather, climate, and possibly population variations.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 85-100
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  • 18
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    Overview on the study of the solar cycle from space (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Recent insights into the workings of the solar system are reviewed as factors to be considered when formulating key questions to be answered during a large scale program to study the solar cycle. The main objectives of the Solar Cycle and Dynamics Mission are to determine the causes (physical origins and mechanisms) of the solar cycle and the effects of these mechanisms on the heliosphere, the vast region that includes the corona, interplanetary medium, and the terrestrial environment. The mission should be able to obtain synoptic data on solar variability associated with the cycle, and over at least a fraction of a single 11-year cycle.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 31-42
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  • 19
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    Contributions of SCADM to solar-terrestrial physics (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The many different aspects of solar terrestrial physics are summarized. The possible influence of variations in the solar outputs on the terrestrial climate, and the role for SCADM in such studies is emphasized. The use of SCADM to provide detailed information on variations in the solar outputs over a sizeable fraction of the solar cycle, and on the physics of the convection layer of the Sun is discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 277-289
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  • 20
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    X-ray bright points and the solar cycle (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The shape of the Sun's activity spectrum is such that the majority of all magnetic flux emerging at the surface comes in the form of bright points, i.e., regions living less than two days. Examination of soft X-ray data obtained from 1970 to 1978 shows that the number of bright points appears to be anticorrelated with traditional activity indices, such as sunspot number; the anticorrelation persists after corrections are made for obscuration by active regions. Comparison of X-ray data with KPNO magnetograms shows that to within a factor of two, the average total amount of magnetic flux emerging over the full Sun is constant through the entire period of observation. The Solar cycle therefore appears to be more an oscillation in the wavenumber distribution of emerging flux than of the total quantity of magnetic flux produced.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 75-83
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  • 21
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    Dynamics of the solar interior and the solar dynamo (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The solar convection zone is the origin of most of the variations in solar output observed or suspected to occur. The Sun's magnetic field is rooted there, and solar activity and the solar cycle are generated and maintained there. Changes in the magnetic fields which reach into the solar atmosphere and beyond to interplanetary space are largely determined by the dynamo action of velocity fields in the convection zone. If changes in solar luminosity occur on time scales of months to millenia, such changes probably have their origin in the changing dynamics of the convection zone, either as cause of or in response to long term changes in the level of solar activity. Fluctuations would occur in the rate at which energy is brought to the surface by convection, and the solar diameter would be slightly modified. To describe and ultimately understand the global workings of the solar dynamo requires simultaneous high quality photospheric observations of solar velocities, magnetic fields, intensity patterns, luminosity and various radiative outputs. The observations must be nearly continuous in time and of long duration-most or all of a solar cycle. Such a measurement program should be a major part of the proposed Solar Cycle and Dynamics Mission.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 3-11
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  • 22
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    A solar activity monitoring platform for SCADM (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The adaptation of proven space probe technology is proposed as a means of providing a solar activity monitoring platform which could be injected behind the Earth's orbital position to give 3 to 6 days advanced coverage of the solar phenomenon on the backside hemisphere before it rotates into view and affects terrestrial activities. The probe would provide some three dimensional discrimination within the ecliptic latitude. This relatively simple off-Earth probe could provide very high quality data to support the SCADM program, by transmitting both high resolution video data of the solar surface and such measurements of solar activity as particle, X-ray, ultraviolet, and radio emission fluxes. Topics covered include the orbit; constraints on the spacecraft; subsystems and their embodiments; optical imaging sensors and their operation; and the radiation-pressure attitude control system are described. The platform would be capable of mapping active regions on an hourly basis with one arc-second resolution.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 45-54
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  • 23
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    The corona and heliosphere (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The eleven-year solar cycle is an especially appropriate period over which to study the solar output and its variation, because during this cycle most of the important types of solar variability (many characterized by periods shorter than eleven years) are manifested. Studies of solar variability over a solar cycle will improve understanding of solar structure and of the generation of the solar wind, and this improved understanding can be useful in the related studies of stellar structure and stellar winds, since stellar observations are necessarily less detailed and sophisticated than are solar observations. A particularly significant benefit that will accrue from a thorough study of the solar atmosphere and its variability over the next solar cycle is a great enhancement in the usefulness of so-called 'proxy' data in studying longer term solar variations and their terrestrial implication.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 13-25
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  • 24
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    Solar coronal holes and cosmic ray intensity variations (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A relationship between the (North-South) asymmetry in the areas of the solar polar coronal holes and the (North-South) anisotropy in the cosmic ray intensity is examined. The investigation was extended over a period of two years, using ground based observations of coronal brightness obtained by the K-Coronameter. Periods for study of cosmic ray variations were chosen maximizing the asymmetry of the polar coronal holes. The importance of the role played by coronal holes in the solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays is emphasized.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; 11 p
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  • 25
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    An imaging X-ray spectrometer to study solar activity in conjunction with the SCADM program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: An experiment is proposed to study solar active region dynamics and evolution. The experiment will employ an imaging X-ray spectrometer to study solar activity in conjunction with the SCADM program. A summary of the experiment is presented which includes the specifications and capabilities of the X-ray spectrometer, the scientific objectives, the method of approach, and a comparison of the experiment with other solar X-ray experiments. The experiment is proposed for use on the space shuttle due to its larger volume and weight capacity.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 245-258
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  • 26
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    The dependence of coronal hole size on large scale magnetic field strength (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The importance of mathematical models of the coronal structure for studies of coronal energetics, to simulate global flows of the solar wind, and to obtain reliable solar terrestrial predictions is discussed. Previous coronal models, including an example of a coronal MHD flow model, are reviewed. The development of a coronal model which is a logical extension of earlier models and which allows a closer relationship to the photospheric magnetic field as it is observed daily is described. The calculations are outlined. The assumptions of the model are: axisymmetric flow with no rotation, resulting in two dimensional flow in a meridional plane; zero viscosity and infinite electrical conductivity; polytropic, single fluid flow; and no momentum addition.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 209-217
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  • 27
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    Spatial evolution of magnetic fields as seen in coronal streamers to 12 R sub o during the solar cycle (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Outer coronal photographs made from high altitude aircraft at the solar eclipses of 1966, '70, '72, '73, and '79 which sample various times in the solar cycle are presented. Coronal streamers extending from the solar limb to 12 R sub o are displayed. The evolution of the streamers as they distort magnetic field lines to large distances from the Sun is examined. Results show that the distortion is varied, that the polar plumes can be traced beyond 8 R sub o, diverging apparently along dipole field lines, and that the divergence varies along the solar cycle. Various changes in nonpolar streamers are discussed including the tendency to become radial beyond 3 to 5 R sub o as if controlled by the solar wind.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 201-208
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  • 28
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    Observational requirements for measurements of solar rotation inward to the base of the convection zone (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Measurements of the rate of rotation at various depths in the solar interior and of temporal changes in the rotation are discussed. A technique to measure the absolute rate of the Sun's rotation (in meters per second) below its visible surface over the outer 3% of its radius using ground based equipment is described. The theory of the technique, developed to the base of the solar convection zone is analyzed. It is stressed that such deeper rotational measurements, extending from 3% inward to 25 to 30% of the Sun's radius can only be obtained from a spaceborne instrument which is not subject to the normal Earth based day-night observing cycle.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 159-173
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  • 29
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    Second generation detector for low order global solar oscillations (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The first observations of long period low order global solar oscillations grew out of diameter measurements made over an extended period of time. As a result of these investigations, a detailed understanding of the surface properties of the oscillations evolved, allowing development of a second generation detector. This new detector, currently under development directly utilizes various surface properties of the oscillations and does not, therefore, directly involve diameter measurements. The specifications of the detector, its supporting telescope and the observing program are reviewed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 137-146
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  • 30
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    Problems of interior structure, the solar dynamo and the role of SCADM in providing interior diagnostics (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: What is already known about the structure of the Sun, the motion of its convective zone, and the solar cycle is reviewed. Topics discussed include solar variability, solar 'seismology', velocity patterns, magnetic fields, and the dynamo theory. Observations are needed to determine global properties (solar luminosity and radius), oscillations (p and g models), velocities (variation of rotation with time and depth), and magnetic fields.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 55-64
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  • 31
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    Interference from slotted walls (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Wall interference is made predominant in tunnel models and by wall geometries to facilitate the study of slot flow. The viscous effects in slots are studied by two dimensional measurements of flow. Wall interference is assessed by measuring pressure distributions at two levels near the walls. Interference on lifting delta wings is calculated. Pressure distributions at inner boundaries show basis axisymetries between the pressure side and the suction side, pointing to the necessity of having wider slots on the pressure side.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 293-300
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  • 32
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    Development in UK of a method for calculating tunnel wall corrections from flow measurements (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Classical methods for calculation of wall corrections which are not satisfactory for a number of flows of interest are discussed. To meet these objections, a number of methods were developed which use measurements of the low at or close to the tunnel walls as an outer boundary condition to define wall interference. The development, assessment and application of one such method is summarized.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 259-271
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  • 33
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    NLR activities in the field of wind tunnel wall interference (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Measured field data as a boundary condition for calculating the interference flow field were applied. They are divided into two categories. In the first category, the field data must consist of distributions of a single velocity component, and an accurate estimate of the hypothetical free air contribution of the model to this component is required. The differences between measured values and estimated model contributions are attributed to wall interference and they establish the boundary condition. The associated field data measurements are simple, yet the necessary model representation generally is a serious drawback. The second category requires field data which consist of velocity vector distributions at the price of multicomponent measurements, but at the profit that no information at all is required about the model. In solid wall test sections, the price is reduced to virtually zero but the profit remains.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 221-229
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  • 34
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    Performance of two transonic airfoil wind tunnels utilizing limited ventilation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A limited-zone ventilated wall panel was developed for a closed-wall icing tunnel which permitted correct simulation of transonic flow over model rotor airfoil sections with and without ice accretions. Candidate porous panels were tested in the Ohio State University 6- x 12-inch transonic airfoil tunnel and result in essentially interference-free flow, as evidenced by pressure distributions over a NACA 0012 airfoil for Mach numbers up to 0.75. Application to the NRC 12- x 12-inch icing tunnel showed a similar result, which allowed proper transonic flow simulation in that tunnel over its full speed range.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 165-170
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  • 35
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    Investigations of flow field perturbations induced on slotted transonic-tunnel walls (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The free-stream interference caused by the flow through the slotted walls of the test sections of transonic wind tunnels has continuously a problem in transonic tunnel testing. The adaptive-wall transonic tunnel is designed to actively control the near-wall boundary conditions by sucking or blowing through the wall. In order to make the adaptive-wall concept work, parameters for computational boundary conditions must be known. These parameters must be measured with sufficient accuracy to allow numerical convergence of the flow field computations and must be measured in an inviscid region away from the model that is placed inside the wind tunnel. The near-wall flow field was mapped in detail using a five-port cone probe that was traversed in a plane transverse to the free-stream flow. The initial experiments were made using a single slot and recent measurements used multiple slots, all with the tunnel empty. The projection of the flow field velocity vectors on the transverse plane revealed the presence of a vortex-like flow with vorticity in the free stream. The current research involves the measurement of the flow field above a multislotted system with segmented plenums behind it, in which the flow is controlled through several plenums simultaneously. This system would be used to control a three-dimensional flow field.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 119-142
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  • 36
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    Assessment of lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a three-dimensional adaptive-wall tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A three-dimensional adaptive-wall wind tunnel experiment was conducted at Ames Research Center. This experiment demonstrated the effects of wall interference on the upwash distribution on an imaginary surface surrounding a lifting wing. This presentation demonstrates how the interference assessment procedure used in the adaptive-wall experiments to determine the wall adjustments can be used to separately assess lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a passive-wall wind tunnel. The effects of lift interference on the upwash distribution and on the model lift coefficient are interpreted by a simple horseshoe vortex analysis.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 89-100
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  • 37
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    Wind tunnel wall interference in closed, ventilated and adaptive test sections (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A wall interference correction method for closed rectangular test sections was developed which uses measured wall pressures. Measurements with circular discs for blockage and a rectangular wing as a lift generator in a square closed test section validate this method. These measurements are intended to be a basis of comparison for measurements in the same tunnel using ventilated (in these case, slotted) walls. Using the vortex lattice method and homogeneous boundary conditions, calculations were performed which show sufficiently high pressure levels at the walls for correction purposes in test sections with porous walls. In Gottingen, an adaptive test section (which is a deformable rubber tube of 800 mm diameter) was built and a computer program was developed which is able to find the necessary wall adaptation for interference-free measurements in a single step. To check the program prior to the first run, the vortex lattice method was used to calculate wall pressure distributions in the nonadapted test section as input data for the one-step method. Comparison of the pressure distribution in the adapted test section with free-flight data shows nearly perfect agreement. An extension of the computer program can be made to evaluate the remaining interference corrections.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 61-78
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  • 38
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    Review of the advanced technology airfoil test program in the 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The following areas were addressed: interchangeable test sections in the 0.3-M Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT); typical airfoil installation; airfoil capability; advanced technology airfoil test (ATAT); effects of the Reynolds number on the normal force coefficient; effects of the Reynolds number on the drag coefficient; and comparison of experimental results with theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 361-374
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  • 39
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    Determination of equivalent model geometry for tunnel wall interference assessment/correction (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A formula for the determination of equivalent model geometry with two variables measured at the interface is derived, based on two dimensional subsonic flow. This predicted model profile is a reasonable initial estimate for transonic flow as long as the sonic region does not reach the interface. A general formula is given in two forms. One is in terms of complex variable functions and the other is an integral equation. The complex-function formula has the advantage of using analytic expressions. The integral equation form requires a numerical solution after assuming the model geometry as a polynomial function. Examples are given to illustrate the application of the formulas.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 335-342
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  • 40
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    An analytic solution to the classical two-body problem with drag (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The two body problem was analyzed with a specific drag model. The model treats drag as a force proportional to the vector velocity and inversely proportional to the distance to the center of attraction. The solution is expressed in terms of known functions and is of a simple and compact form. The time of flight is expressed as a quadrature in the true anomaly. The results are: (1) development of a vector differential equation which allows analysis of an infinite number of gravitational and drag models; and (2) obtaining the solution of a linear differential equation using the inverse method of laplace transforms.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 22 p
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  • 41
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    Wind tunnel wall interference correction for aircraft models (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Wall interference correction procedures seek to determine the required changes in certain flow or geometric parameters so that the difference between the flow properties at the model's surface in the tunnel and free air are minimized. A transonic and a linear correction procedure were developed for aircraft models. In addition to Mach number and angle of attack corrections, an estimate of the accuracy of the corrections is provided by the transonic correction procedure. Lift, pitching moment and pressure measurements near the tunnel walls are required. The efficiency and accuracy of the correction procedure are improved. Moreover, correction of both the wing and tail angles of attack is allowed. The procedure is valid for transonic as well as subcritical flows. However, for subcritical flows further approximations and simplifying assumptions are made, leading to a very simple and efficient correction procedure.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 301-322
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  • 42
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    Tunnel constraint for a jet in crossflow (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A facet of a unified tunnel correction scheme which uses wall pressures to determine tunnel induced blockage and upwash is described. With this method, there is usually no need to use data concerning model forces or power settings to find the interference; it follows directly from the pressures and tunnel dimensions. However, highly inclined jets do not produce good pressure signatures and are highly three dimensional, so they must be treated differently. Flow modeling is also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 273-290
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  • 43
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    Progress in wind tunnel wall interference assessment/correction procedures at the NAE (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Wall corrections as a function of wall porosity in the transonic wall interference problem was assessed. Effective porosities primarily for the two dimensional case were established as follows: (1) comparison of experimental data for two geometrically similar models of different chord/height ratio, an overall value of wall porosity could be deduced; (2) theoretical development which allows for unequal porosity for the floor and ceiling and wall boundary pressure measurements, porosities for floor and ceiling could be deduced; (3) a scheme was developed which allowed unequal porosity of floor and ceiling and streamwise varying porosity. The boundary layer development along the perforated floor and ceiling under the influence of the model pressure field, variations in boundary layer thickness underlining the difficulties in deducing meaningful values of wall porosity were determined. Wall boundary pressure measurement, in combination with singularity modelling of the airfoil, was sufficient to yield required information on the wall interference flow without having to establish some value for wall porosity. The singularity modelling of the airfoil initially covered only lift and volume but was extended to include drag and pitching moment, and second order volume term. It is shown by asymptotic transonic small disturbance analysis, that the derived corrections to angle of attack and free stream Mach number are correct to the first order.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 231-257
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  • 44
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    Asymptotic methods for wind tunnel wall corrections at transonic speed (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The effort to develop classical methods to compute wall interference at transonic speeds is outlined. The two-dimensional theory and three-dimensional development are discussed. Also, some numerical application of the two-dimensional work are indicated. The basic advantages of the asymptotic theory are noted.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 193-203
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  • 45
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    Effect of boundary layers on solid walls in three-dimensional subsonic wind tunnels (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A solution for the tunnel wall boundary layer effects for three-dimensional subsonic tunnels is presented. The model potentials are represented with simple singularities placed on the centerline of the tunnel and Laplace's equation in cylindrical coordinates is solved for either the conventional homogeneous slotted-wall boundary condition, the solid-wall viscous boundary condition, or a combination of them. The most pronounced wall boundary layer effect is on solid blockage for completely closed wind tunnels. Boundary layers on the wall reduce the blockage from the solid-wall, no-boundary-layer case in a manner similar to opening slots in a solid wall. Additionally, for solid-wall tunnel configurations, the streamline curvature interference factor is reduced by a significant amount, whereas the lift interference factor at the model station does not depend on the boundary layer parameter. For combination wall configurations, the slot effect of the horizontal walls dominates the viscous effect of the solid sidewalls.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 205-218
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  • 46
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    Experiments suitable for wind tunnel wall interference assessment/correction (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Three experiments suitable for wall interference assessment and evaluation of proposed correction methods are presented. The experiments are: (1) a series of airfoil tests using a newly designed transonic flow facility that employs side-wall boundary layer suction and upper- and lower-wall shaping; (2) tests on a swept airfoil section spanning a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed contouring on all four walls; and (3) tests on a swept wing of aspect ratio 3 mounted in a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed flat walls. Each of the experiments provides data on the airfoil sections as well as on the wind tunnel walls. All the experiments were performed in solid wall wind tunnels corrected for boundary layer displacement effects. Although the experiments were performed primarily to evaluate computer code performance, it is believed that they also provide information that can be used to evaluate methods for assessing and correcting wall interference effects.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 171-190
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  • 47
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    Effect of upstream sidewall boundary layer removal on an airfoil test (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Sidewall boundary layer effects were investigated by applying partial upstream sidewall boundary layer removal in the Langley 0.3-m transonic cryogenic tunnel. Over the range of sidewall boundary layer displacement thickness of these tests the influence on pressure distribution was found to be small for subcritical conditions; however, for supercritical conditions the shock position was affected by the sidewall boundary layer. For these tests (with and without boundary layer remove) comparisons with predictions of the GRUMFOIL computer code indicated that Mach number corrections due to the sidewall boundary layer improve the agreement for both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The results also show that sidewall boundary layer removal reduces the magnitude of the sidewall correction; however, a suitable correction must still be made.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 143-163
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  • 48
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    A data base for three-dimensional all-interference code evaluation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A validation of a measured boundary condition technique was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of a wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) system. An experimental evaluation was also carried out to compare performances of various techniques, to define the number of necessary boundary measurements for accurate assessment/corrections and to define the envelope of test conditions for which accurate assessment/corrections are achieved. The relative merits of a WIAC system and an adaptive wall tunnel are compared. The measurement surface boundary data is performed with a system of two rotating pipes. These pipes sweep out a cylindrical measurement surface near the tunnel walls, approximately one inch from the wall at the closest point. The experimental model was specially designed and fabricated for the adaptive wall experiments. The model is a wing/tail/body configuration with swept lifting surface. The boundary data taken in Tunnel 1T with the rotating pipe system has been shown to offer several attractive features for WIAC code evaluation. Good spatial resolution of measurements is achieved and measurements are made upstream and downstream of the model. Also, two velocity components are determined.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 101-118
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  • 49
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    Survey of ONERA activities on adaptive-wall applications and computation of residual corrections (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The research undertaken concerning the computation and/or reduction of wall interference follows two main axes: improvement of wall correction determinations, and use of adaptive flexible walls. The use of wall-measured data to compute interference effects is reliable when the model representation is assessed by signatures with known boundary conditions. When the computed interferences are not easily applicable to correcting the results (especially for gradients in two-dimensional cases), the flexible adaptive walls in operation in T2 are an efficient and assessed means of reducing the boundary effects to a negligible level, if the direction and speed of the flow are accurately measured on the boundary. The extension of the use of adaptive walls to three-dimensional cases may be attempted since the residual corrections are assumed to be small and are computable.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 43-60
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  • 50
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    Langley high-lift research on a high-aspect-ratio supercritical wing configuration (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: To determine the low speed performance characteristics of a representative high aspect ratio supercritical wing, two low speed jet transport models were fabricated. A 12-ft. span model was used for low Reynolds number tests in the Langley 4- by 7-Meter Tunnel and the second, a 7.5-ft. span model, was used for high Reynolds number tests in the Ames 12-foot Pressure Tunnel. A brief summary of the results of the tests of these two models is presented and comparisons are made between the data obtained on these two models and other similar models. Follow-on two and three dimensional research efforts related to the EET high-lift configurations are also presented and discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 55-77
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  • 51
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    Measured transonic unsteady pressures on an energy efficient transport wing with oscillating control surfaces (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Highlight results are presented from subsonic and transonic pressure measurement studies conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel on a supercritical wing model representative of an energy efficient transport design. Steady- and unsteady-pressure data were acquired on the upper and lower wing surface at an off-design Mach number of 0.60 and at the design Mach number of 0.78, for a Reynolds number of 2.2 x 10(6) (based on the wing average chord). The model configuration consisted of a sidewall-Mounted half-body fuselage and a semi-span wing with an aspect ratio of 10.76, a leading-edge sweepback angle of 28.8 degrees, and supercritical airfoil sections. The wing is instrumented with 252 static pressure orifices and 164 dynamic pressure gages. Model test variables included wing angle of attack, control-surface mean deflection angle, control-surface oscillating deflection angle and frequency, and phasing between oscillating leading-edge and trailing-edge controls when used together.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 21-36
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  • 52
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    Passive exposure of Earth radiation budget experiment components (A0147) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: In-flight calibration for the solr and Earth flux channels was examined. Earth Radiation on Budget (ERB) channel components were exposed to the space environment and then retrieved and resubmitted to radiometric calibration after exposure. It is suggested that corrections may be applied to ERB results and information will be obtained to aid in the selection of components for future operational solar and Earth radiation budget experiments. To assure that these high accuracy devices are measuring real variations and are not responding to changes induced by the space environment, it is desirable to test such devices radiometrically after exposure to the best approximation of the orbital environment.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 167-169
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  • 53
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    Viscous wing code development: A 3-D viscid-inviscid interactive analysis (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 607-63
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  • 54
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    Computation of separated flow on airfoils with the Grumfoil code (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 557-58
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  • 55
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    Analysis of airfoil transitional separation bubbles (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 539-55
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  • 56
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    Entropy effects and shock fitting in conical supersonic full potential flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 461-49
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  • 57
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    Viscous transonic flow computation over Space Shuttle configuration (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A thin-layer Navier-Stokes code capable of predicting steady-state viscous flows is applied to the transonic flow over a Space Shuttle configuration. The code is written in the generalized coordinate system, and the grid-generation code of Fujii (1983) is used for the discretization of the flow field. The flow-field computation is done using the CRAY 1S computer at NASA Ames. The computed result is physically reasonable, even though no experimental data is available for the comparison purpose.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 58
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    Report on the Workshop on Intercomparison of Solar UV Irradiance Measurements and Related Instrument Calibration (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The knowledge of the absolute value of the solar ultraviolet irradiance did not improve very much during the rising phase of the solar cycle 21. The variations associated with the solar rotation period were observed by means of three satellites, namely, the Atmospheric Explorer E (AE-E), Nimbus 7 and the Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME). Long-term variations related to the solar activity cycle are not well known. Values were deduced during the solar cycle 21 from the AE-E satellite and the rocket program performed by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics leading to variations of about a factor of 2 around 150 nm but definitely less than 20 percent beyond 175 nm. Such low level of variation is still masked by the current uncertainties and reproducibility of the observations performed since 1976. The uncertainties of recent observations are reported with their discrepancies. The gaps between the current accuracy goals and the achievements are still very important. The challenge for the next three years is to improve both the accuracy and the precision of future observations at the level of the available irradiance standards and to measure quantitatively long-term variations of the order of a few percent. The main causes of these gaps are identified.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 8; p 45-51
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  • 59
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    Nonlinear aerodynamic effects on bodies in supersonic flow (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 809-815
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  • 60
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    The overshoot region at the bottom of the solar convection zone (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The extent and thermal stratification of the region of convective overshoot underneath the convection zone of the sun are investigated. The phenomenon of convective overshoot in general is discussed, and some of the modal and model approaches to studying it are briefly reviewed. A detailed theoretical description of the motion of plumes in a stably stratified medium is given, leading to a 'derivation' of the plume equations from the hydrodynamic equations. Entrainment is discussed, and it is shown how the plume equations can be used to compute convective overshoot in the sun. The limitations of the plume model are addressed, arguing that a thin boundary layer must exist which separates convective and radiative regions. The results of numerical integrations of the plume equations, as applied to the region of convective overshoot underneath the solar convective zone, are discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 282; 316-329
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  • 61
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    Electrodynamic coupling in magnetically confined stellar X-ray loops (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The solar coronal complex X-ray structure is now known to involve radiation loops that coincide spatially with the magnetic loops confining the radiating plasma. An effort is presently made to identify primary submodels involved in the global coupling between a mechanical energy reservoir of beta value greater than 1 and a contiguous site of X-ray activity whose beta value is lower than 1. The 'dynamo' model invoked establishes a quantitative connection between mechanical driver properties and the dimensions, field strength, and number density distribution of elemental magnetic loops.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
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  • 62
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    New implicit boundary procedures - Theory and applications (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 579, Accession no. A83-16536
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1094-110
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  • 63
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    Numerical simulations of unsteady transonic flow in diffusers (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2346, Accession no. A82-31959
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1139-114
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  • 64
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    Effects of viscosity on transonic-aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of oscillating airfoils (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 700-707
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  • 65
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    Leeside flows over delta wings at supersonic speeds (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 680-686
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  • 66
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    Beam-return current systems in solar flares (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is demonstrated that the common assumption made in solar flare beam transport theory that the beam-accompanied return current is purely electrostatically driven is incorrect, and that the return current is both electrostatically and inductively driven, in accordance with Lenz's law, with the inductive effects dominating for times greater than a few plasma periods. In addition, it is shown that a beam can only exist in a solar plasma for a finite time which is much smaller than the inductive return current dissipation time. The importance of accounting for the role of the acceleration mechanism in forming the beam is discussed. In addition, the role of return current driven anomalous resistivity and its subsequent anomalous Joule heating during the flare process is elucidated.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 280; 448-456
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  • 67
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    Radiative and reconnection instabilities - Filaments and flares (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The way in which the initial development of solar filament radiative cooling and the magnetic reconnection of a solar flare can occur in the center of a field-shear layer is demonstrated. Since the present treatment unites these two mechanisms, it indicates the common as well as the disparate features they possess. Unstable radiation serves to increase the Coulomb resistivity at the X-point, so that the reconnection is not self-quenching. The surprising dominance of the magnetic component of the perturbation in the midwavelength range indicates the need to examine the nonlinear saturation of the energy transport of the radiative mode, taking the accompanying magnetic reconnection and potential-energy release into account, for comparison with observations of filaments as well as for clues to the character of the preflare state.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 280; 391-398
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  • 68
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    A second chance for Solar Max (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Using NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite as a communications link, astronomers are able to receive scans from the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite immediately and regularly at the Goddard Space Flight Center. This major operational improvement permits the examination of SMM imagery and spectra as they arrive, as well as the formulation of future observational sequences on the basis of the solar activity in progress. Attention is given to aspects of the sun that change in the course of the 11-year sunspot cycle's movement from maximum to minimum. Proof has been obtained by means of SMM for the near-simultaneity of X-ray and UV bursts at flare onset.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Sky and Telescope (ISSN 0037-6604); 67; 498-500
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  • 69
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    Fresh attack on laminar flow (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Laminar flow control is a technology with great potential for aircraft drag reduction. Stabilization of laminar boundary layers became known as natural laminar flow (NLF) and research led to the development of NLF airfoils. Research was also conducted on stabilization by suction, referred to as laminar flow control (LFC). Experiments demonstrated that extensive laminar flow could be achieved in flight. However, there remained doubts regarding the practicality of producing, with the technology then available, wing surfaces sufficiently smooth and wavefree to meet laminar-flow criteria and maintaining the wing surface quality in normal service. In 1976, the Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) program was begun by NASA to develop fuel-conservative technology for commercial transports. The progress of the ACEE program is discussed. Attention is given to LFC wing structures, and LFC leading-edge systems.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 22; 72-76
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  • 70
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    Large scale temporal and radial gradients in the IMF - Helios 1, 2, ISEE-3, and Pioneer 10, 11 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Recent investigations using measurements at 1 AU have discovered three types of long term variation in the interplanetary magnetic field: solar minimum decreases, solar maximum enhancements, and small decreases around solar reversal. In this study the 1972-1982 Helios 1, 2, ISEE-3, and Pioneer 10, 11 observations between 0.3 and 12 AU are examined to further investigate these changes. It was found that all three IMF solar cycle effects are also present in the Helios and Pioneer measurements, confirming that these variations occur throughout the low latitude heliosphere. In addition, the comparison of measurements by identical magnetometers on ISEE-3, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 has revealed a more rapid decrease in IMF intensity than predicted by classical Parker theory. Causes and ramifications of both the long term variations and steeper-than-expected radial gradients in the interplanetary magnetic field are discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 279-282
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  • 71
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    Space Shuttle heating analysis with variation in angle of attack and catalycity (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 586, Accession no. A83-16747
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4560); 21; 217-219
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  • 72
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    Transient behavior of a flare-associated solar wind. I - Gas dynamics in a radial open field region (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A numerical investigation is conducted into the way in which a solar wind model initially satisfying both steady state and energy balance conditions is disturbed and deformed, under the assumption of heating that correspoonds to the energy release of solar flares of an importance value of approximately 1 which occur in radial open field regions. Flare-associated solar wind transient behavior is modeled for 1-8 solar radii. The coronal temperature around the heat source region rises, and a large thermal conductive flux flows inward to the chromosphere and outward to interplanetary space along field lines. The speed of the front of expanding chromospheric material generated by the impingement of the conduction front on the upper chromosphere exceeds the local sound velocity in a few minutes and eventually exceeds 100 million cm/sec.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 277; 379-391
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  • 73
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    Solar-flare neutrons and gamma-rays (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The numbers and spectra of the accelerated protons and nuclei that produce the neutrons and gamma-rays observed in solar flares are derived, and the results are compared with interplanetary observations of flare protons. The two most widely studied flare acceleration mechanisms, stochastic and diffusive shock acceleration, are discussed, and the arguments favoring the thick-target interaction model for neutron and gamma-ray production at the sun are briefly reviewed. The pertinent results of the theory of neutron and gamma-ray production are presented. The number and spectrum of the accelerated particles are derived from observations of nuclear deexcitation lines and the 2.223 MeV line from several flares. The June 21, 1980 and June 3, 1982 flares, from which a wealth of neutron, gamma-ray and energetic-particle data has recently become available, are discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 74
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    Recurrent mass ejections observed in H-alpha and CIV (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Time sequences of recurrent mass ejections have been observed during a coordinated SMY program (Sept. 1, 1980 - Sept. 23, 1980 - Oct. 2, 1980). Comparison of the temporal evolution of H-alpha and CIV brightnesses shows a weak phase lag between H-alpha and CIV maxima, in the case of homologous flares, with CIV brightness maxima preceding H-alpha maxima. The analysis of the variation of the ejection velocities is expected to lead to the determination of an energy balance. Such recurrent ejections could be due to periodic energy storage and periodic reorganization of magnetic field as envisaged to occur for flares, but at lower energy levels.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 75
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    A case for submergence of magnetic flux in a solar active region (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In NOAA Active Region 2372 (April 1980), 4 x 10 to the 20th maxwells of magnetic flux concentrated in an area 30 arcsec across disappeared overnight. Vector magnetograms show that all components of the magnetic field weakened together. If the field had weakened through diffusion or fluid flow, 90 percent of the original flux would still have been detected by the magnetograph within a suitably enlarged area. In fact there was a threefold decrease in detected flux. Evidently, magnetic field was removed from the photosphere. Since the disappearing flux was located in a region of low magnetic shear and low activity in H-alpha and Ly-alpha, it is unlikely that the field dissipated through reconnection. It is argued that the most likely possibility is that flux submerged. The observations suggest that even during the growth phase of active regions, submergence is a strong process comparable in magnitude to emergence.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 287; 404-411
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  • 76
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    Detailed studies of the dynamics and energetics of coronal bullets (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Coronal bullets are small ejecta of cool, dense plasma observed to accelerate through the solar atmosphere from 20 to 450 km/s. The NRL Dynamic Flux Tube Model has been used to simulate the evolving physical properties of these dynamic events. The present calculations utilize an adaptive-gridding technique to resolve the fine structure within and around the bullets. In this work, an identification was made of a component of shocked plasma which piles up ahead of the bullet and eventually dominates both the dynamics and heating of the original bullet mass. The observational consequences of this shocked component are discussed in terms of the available HRTS EUV data, and suggestions are made for optimizing future observations of this phenomenon. An investigation has also been conducted of the structure of the bullet material visible in EUV spectral lines and the observable characteristics of the EUV-emitting plasma. Finally, the most likely mechanisms for accelerating the bullets, as well as favorable sites of origin are evaluated.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 287; 396-403
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  • 77
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    Thermal bifurcation in the upper photosphere inferred from heterodyne spectroscopy of OH rotational lines (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Low-noise (S/N greater than 100), high spectral resolution observations of two pure rotation transitions of OH from the solar photosphere are used to make inferences concerning the thermal structure and inhomogeneity of the upper photosphere. It is found that the v = O R22(24.5)e line strengthens at the solar limb, in contradiction to the predictions of current one-dimensional photospheric models. The results for this line support a two-dimensional model in which horizontal thermal fluctuations in the upper photosphere are of the order plus or minus 800 K. This thermal bifurcation may be maintained by the presence of magnetic flux tubes and may be related to the solar limb extensions observed in the 30-200-micron region.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 94; 57-74
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  • 78
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    Metric-discontinuous zonal grid calculations using the Osher scheme (1984)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Computations on zonal grids - in particular, grids with metric discontinuities resulting from the interspersion of highly clustered regions with coarse regions - are possible using a fully conservative form of the Osher upwind scheme. These zonal grids can result from an abrupt clustering of points near solution discontinuities or near other flow features that require improved resolution. The zonal approach is shown to capture shocks with almost 'shock-fitting' quality but with minimal effort. Results for inviscid flow, including quasi-one-dimensional nozzle flow, supersonic flow over a cylinder, and blast-wave diffraction by a ramp, are presented. These calculations demonstrate the powerful capabilities of the Osher scheme used in conjunction with zonal grids in simulating flow fields with complex shock patterns.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Computers and Fluids (ISSN 0045-7930); 12; 3, 19
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  • 79
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    Solar irradiance changes caused by g-modes and large scale convection (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Solar irradiance measurements from the ACRIM experiment show a clear response to the rotation periods of g-mode oscillations (l = 1, 2, and 3) and their first harmonics. Peaks in the ACRIM spectrum at 16.6, 18.3, 20.7, 36.5, and about 71 days all lie within about 1 percent of periods arising from g-mode rotation. This means that the g-modes are a fundamental cause of irradiance fluctuations. On time scales of months and less they modulate the irradiance by means of transient flows of global scale which they stimulate in the sun's convective envelope. Dimensional arguments indicate that the flows carry up heat at an average rate of about 0.001 solar luminosities, which is not in conflict with observed changes in the irradiance. Five additional tests for g-modes and large-scale convection are given. An instability is described which undermines diffusion models of sunspot energy storage.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 93; 1-13
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  • 80
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    An exploratory study of area-efficient vortex flap concepts (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The potential of planform modification and hinge-line relocation to improve the thrust efficiency of vortex flaps was experimentally investigated on a 60-deg cropped delta wing model. Spanwise segmentation of the flap, together with chord-tailoring of the segments, allowed the vortex to be maintained on the outboard flap surfaces to higher angles of attack. In addition, location of the flap hinge aft of and underneath the wing leading edge generated substantial thrust from the vortex suction acting on the leading-edge lower surface. A combination of these beneficial effects allowed the flap/wing area to be reduced from 11.4 percent of the continuous flap to 6.3 percent of segmented flap, essentially without detriment to the incremental lift-to-drag ratio due to flap addition in the lift coefficient range 0.5-0.7 based on the basic wing area.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 20; 1062-106
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  • 81
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    Observations and implications of natural laminar flow on practical airplane surfaces (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 20, p. 3138, Accession no. A82-40893
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 20; 993-1006
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  • 82
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    Interpretation of vector magnetograph data including magneto-optic effects. I - Azimuth angle of the transverse field (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In this paper, the presence of Faraday rotation in measurements of the orientation of a sunspot's transverse magnetic field is investigated. Using observations obtained with the Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) vector magnetograph, the derived vector magnetic field of a simple, symmetric sunspot is used to calculate the degree of Faraday rotation in the azimuth of the transverse field as a function of wavelength from analytical expressions for the Stokes parameters. These results are then compared with the observed rotation of the field's azimuth which is derived from observations at different wavelengths within the Fe I 5250 A spectral line. From these comparisons, it is found: the observed rotation of the azimuth is simulated to a reasonable degree by the theoretical formulations if the line-formation parameter is varied over the sunspot; these variations are substantiated by the line-intensity data; for the MSFC system, Faraday rotation can be neglected for field strengths less than 1800 G and field inclinations greater than 45 deg; to minimize the effects of Faraday rotation in sunspot umbrae, MSFC magnetograph measurements must be made in the far wings of the Zeeman-sensitive spectral line.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 88; 51-64
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  • 83
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    Dynamics of a surge observed in the C IV and H alpha lines (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Time sequences of a surge have been obtained in Active Region 2701 during a coordinated SMY program, on October 2nd, 1980, while the MSDP spectrograph operated in H-alpha at the Meudon Solar Tower and the UVSP spectrometer on SMM observed in the 1548 A C IV resonance line. The cold (H-alpha) and hot (C IV) material follow the same channel, and the event lasts about 10 min in both lines. A good correlation is found between H-alpha and C IV velocities; radial velocities along the surge are in the range 40-60 km/s in both cases. The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a pressure gradient drives the surge. The H-alpha data seem to indicate the presence of a shock wave in the chromosphere, while the C IV quantities (velocities, accelerations) vary on a very short time scale. Their maxima occur at some locations which could be interpreted as 'pinched' zones.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 127; 2, No; 337-344
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  • 84
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    Stability of shock waves attached to wedges and cones (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 799, Accession no. A82-17876
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1611-161
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  • 85
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    Differences in the temporal variations of solar UV flux, 10.7-cm solar radio flux, sunspot number, and Ca-K plage data caused by solar rotation and active region evolution (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Attention is given to two types of temporal variations in the solar UV spectral irradiance caused by solar rotation and active region evolution. It is noted that the first type of dissimilar temporal behavior occurs when concentrations of solar active regions evolve at solar longitudes nearly 180 deg apart. Both the UV observations and modeled UV fluxes based on Ca-K plage data then exhibit pronounced 13-day periodicity, whereas the 10.7-cm solar radio flux and sunspot number exhibit quite dissimilar temporal variations. This type of dissimilarity is related to the modeled UV flux and has a dependence on the solar central meridian distance that is narrower than that for the 10.7-cm radio flux or for sunspot numbers. A second case of marked dissimilarity is seen when major new solar active regions arise and dominate the full-disk fluxes for several rotations. It is found that the strongest peaks in 10.7 cm and sunspot numbers tend to occur on their first rotation, for example, during major dips in the total solar irradiance, whereas the Ca-K plages and UV enhancements peak on the next rotation and then decay more slowly on subsequent rotations.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9883-988
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  • 86
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    A chimera grid scheme (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A mesh system composed of multiple overset body-conforming grids is described for adapting finite-difference procedures to complex aircraft configurations. In this so-called 'chimera mesh,' a major grid is generated about a main component of the configuration and overset minor grids are used to resolve all other features. Methods for connecting overset multiple grids and modifications of flow-simulation algorithms are discussed. Computational tests in two dimensions indicate that the use of multiple overset grids can simplify the task of grid generation without an adverse effect on flow-field algorithms and computer code complexity.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 87
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    The stability of coronal loops - Finite-length and pressure-profile limits (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Results are described from a quickly converging, necessary-and-sufficient, MHD-stability test for coronal-loop models. The primary stabilizing influence arises from magnetic line tying at the photosphere, and this end conditions requires a series expansion of possible loop excitations. The stability boundary is shown to quickly approach a limit as the number of terms increases, providing a critical length for the loop in proportion to its transverse magnetic scale. Several models of force-free-field profiles are tested and the stability behavior of a localized current channel, embedded in an external current-free region, is shown to be superior to that of other, broader, current profiles. Pressure-gradient effects, leading to increased or decreased stability, are shown to be amplified by line tying. Long loops must either conduct low net current, or exhibit an axial-field reversal coexisting with a low-pressure core. The limits on stability depend on the magnetic aspect ratio, the plasma-to-magnetic pressure ratio, and the field orientation at the loop edge. Applications of these results to the structure of coronal loops are described.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 88; 163-177
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  • 88
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    Implications of high-energy neutron observations from solar flares (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The time-dependent flux of high-energy neutrons discovered from the solar flare of 1980 June 21 provides a new technique for determining the total number and energy spectrum of accelerated protons and nuclei at the sun. The implications of these observations on gamma-ray emission, relativistic electron spectrum and number, proton and electron energy contents, and the location of the interaction region are also examined.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 273; L41-L45
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  • 89
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    Fluid motions in the solar chromosphere-corona transition region. IV - Mass motions over sunspot umbrae (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 273; 374-380
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  • 90
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    Solar irradiance variations. II - Analysis of the extreme ultraviolet measurements onboard the Atmosphere Explorer E satellite (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Five of the extreme ultraviolet channels (L-alpha, L-beta, He I, He II, Fe XV) measuring irradiance fluctuations on board the AE-E satellite between 1977 and 1980 have been studied in detail. It is shown that the daily variations correspond very closely to the daily variations in solar radio emission (F10.7), but that the UV data are afflicted with serious and to date unrecognized calibration changes during the period of operation of the instruments. In order to correct for these changes, a statistical analysis is carried out, and a set of corrections to the raw data is suggested. The resulting, now uniform, data are then compared with rocket measurements (L-alpha) and data acquired onboard the AE-C satellite (L-beta). Finally the remaining discrepancies are discussed. After concluding that they are below the overall level of uncertainties, a first-order 10-year run of EUV irradiances derived from F10.7 data is proposed. This estimate includes the ratio of irradiance levels between the maxima of solar cycles 20 and 21 and the intervening minimum.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9037-905
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  • 91
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    Determining the solar wind speed above active regions using remote radio-wave observations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new technique has made it possible to measure the velocity of portions of the solar wind during its flow outward from the sun. This analysis utilizes spacecraft (ISEE-3) observations of radio emission generated in regions of the solar wind associated with solar active regions. By tracking the source of these radio waves over periods of days, it is possible to measure the motion of the emission regions. Evidence of solar wind acceleration during this outward flow, consistent with theoretical models, has also been obtained.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 222; 506-508
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  • 92
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    Conservative full-potential calculations for axisymmetric, transonic flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2873, Accession no. A81-38082
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1492-149
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  • 93
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    Lagrangian least-squares prediction of solar flux (F-bar 10.7) (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The result of a study on the application of an improved statistical prediction method for estimating the intermediate-term (months) and long-term (years) behavior of solar flux is discussed. The study indicates that better predictions, in a chi square sense, are possible by selecting sets of the solar flux data such that each set (cycle) starts and ends at the maxima (or minima) for the data base and initialization point of the procedure. Then one applies a Lagrangian least-squares statistical technique. Evidence is also presented to support the existence of an aperiodic variation in the periods as well as the amplitudes.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11-16
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  • 94
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    Application of a global solar wind/planetary obstacle interaction computational model: Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn studies (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This work relates to a series of collaborative investigations involving the application of a computational model for the determination of the detailed plasma and magnetic field properties associated with the global interaction of the solar wind with various planetary obstacles throughout the solar system. The theoretical method is based on an established single fluid, steady, dissipationless, magnetohydrodynamic continuum model, and is appropriate for the calculation of supersonic, super-Alfvenic solar wind flow past planetary obstacles. The investigations undertaken relate to studies of various solar wind interaction phenomena with Venus, Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Appl. of a Global Solar Wind/Planetary Obstacle Interaction Computational Model 11p (SEE N84-26509 16-88)
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  • 95
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    Lifting surface theory for a helicopter rotor in forward flight (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A lifting surface theory was developed for a helicopter rotor in forward flight for compressible and incompressible flow. The method utilizes the concept of the linearized acceleration potential and makes use of the vortex lattice procedure. Calculations demonstrating the application of the method are given in terms of the lift distribution on a single rotor, a two-bladed rotor, and a rotor with swept-forward and swept-back tips. In addition, the lift on a rotor which is vibrating in a pitching mode at 4/rev is given. Compressibility effects and interference effects for a two-bladed rotor are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 96
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    Solar ultraviolet variability (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 198
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  • 97
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    Energetic electrons associated with solar radio storms (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Osservatorio Astronomico Solar Radio Storms. Proc. of the 4th CESRA Workshop on Solar Noise Storms; p 320-323
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  • 98
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    Solar radio storms in the hectometer-kilometer wavelength range (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Osservatorio Astronomico Solar Radio Storms. Proc. of the 4th CESRA Workshop on Solar Noise Storms; p 70-88
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  • 99
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    Ultraviolet observations of solar flares from the Solar Maximum Mission (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of observations of solar flares, obtained by means of the UV Spectrophotometer and Polarimeter (UVSP) instrument on board the Solar Maximum Mission satellite are summarized and discussed. The results are grouped into three main topics: (1) plasma diagnostics in the flare transition zone plasmas, (2) spatial and temporal evolutions of the UV and hard X-ray bursts, and (3) energy release processes in the impulsive phase. The methods of spectral UV analysis, comparison with the hard X-ray burst results, and the interpretation of the results are summarized. It is concluded that the energy release processes in the flare phase can be best interpreted in terms of multiple large and small interloops interacting with each other either mechanically or inductively. Furthermore, the majority of impulsive UV and hard X-ray bursts occurs in small compact loops with high densities and transition-zone temperatures. The impulsive hard X-ray and UV bursts are emitted by nonthermal particles, accelerated by the loop interactions and impinging on the footpoints of these loops.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Societa Astronomica Italiana, Memorie (ISSN 0037-8720); 55; 4, 19; 663-672
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  • 100
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    Results from the Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter Non-flare investigations (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A brief review is given of non-flare investigations using data obtained by the Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission. The major topics described are sunspot research including magnetic field measurements, oscillations, and models; mass motions in quiet and active regions including steady flows and acoustic waves; and prominence research including physical conditions, dynamics, and mass motions around prominences. Also discussed are studies of UV bursts, the formation of the Cl I line at 1351 A, ozone in the terrestrial atmosphere, and active regions using correlated observations from other instruments on the spacecraft or on the ground.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Societa Astronomica Italiana, Memorie (ISSN 0037-8720); 55; 4, 19
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