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  • Other Sources  (139)
  • Elsevier  (108)
  • Cambridge University Press  (31)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • PANGAEA
  • 1985-1989  (91)
  • 1980-1984  (47)
  • 1925-1929  (1)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Properties of the maximum likelihood and Pisarenko spectral estimates (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Signal Processing, Tokyo, Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 401-413, pp. L16603
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Spectrum ; Maximum likelihood
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Seismic Migration. Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation. B. Practical Aspects (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 14 B, pp. 225, (ISBN 3-7643-7011-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Applied geophysics ; seismic Migration ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Acoustics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Stress Analysis by Boundary Element Methods (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 3, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Stress ; Boundary Element Method
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Well Logging for Earth Scientists (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, Elsevier, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 125-169, (ISBN 0-7923-5034-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Induction Logging (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 652 pp., Elsevier, vol. 39, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (0-444-51955-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; Dual Induction Latero log
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 342 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-540-43528-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Fundamentals of Well-log Interpretation - 2. The Interpretation of Logging Data (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 0-12-636380-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; GFZ ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.45.8 ; UniL ; IfGuG ; in ; Französisch
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  • 8
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    Fundamentals of Well-log Interpretation - 1. The Acquisition of Logging Data (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15A, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 0-12-636380-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; GFZ ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.45.8 ; UniL ; IfGuG ; in ; Französisch
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Transient Waves in Layered Media (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 26, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 0-08-043649-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Layers
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Underground Sound: Application of Seismic Waves (1983)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 253 pp., Elsevier, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Acoustics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Ground motion relations for eastern North American earthquakes (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Ground Motion and Engineering Seismology, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 14, no. 86-425, pp. 231-241, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Regularities in the pattern of major fault zones of the earth and the origin of arcs (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., The Origin of Arcs, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 63-78, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Fault zone ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Seismic Migration: Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 12, pp. 225, (ISBN 3-7643-7011-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; seismic Migration ; Acoustics ; Wave propagation ; Waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Application of Fracture Mechanics to Composite Materials (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 220, (ISBN: 3540148477)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Constitution of Earth's Interior (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 81A and 81B, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (1405101733, 336 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Exploration Seismology Vol. 1, History, Theory and Data Acquisition (1982)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Boston, 227 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN 0-521-66023-8 hc (0-521-66953-7 pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    Continuum Theories in Solid Earth Physics (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 566+XIII pp., Elsevier, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Textbook of geophysics ; Dislocation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Inverse Problem Theory - Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 613 pp., Elsevier, vol. 52, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Inversion ; Textbook of mathematics ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 19
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    Gravity and Low-Frequency Geodynamics (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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  • 20
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    Frequency-wavenumber analysis of Gräfenberg wide-band data (1983)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Signal Processing II: Theories and Applications, Bath, Elsevier, vol. 186, no. XVI:, pp. 689-692, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic arrays ; Spectrum ; Broad-band ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; f-k-Analysis ; Schuessler ; Schussler
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    Geophysical signal analysis (1983)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Signal Processing II: Theories and Applications, Leiden, Elsevier, vol. 11, no. XVI:, pp. 673-680, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Filter- ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Schuessler ; Schussler
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    High resolution group velocity analysis (1981)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Computer-aided Seismic Analysis and Discrimination, London, Elsevier, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 97-109, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Group veloc. ; Velocity analysis
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  • 23
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    An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 4th Edition, 470 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 106, pp. 503, (ISBN 0-415-24328-9 (hb), 0-203-47128-8 (pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology
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  • 24
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    Geophysical Aspects of the Energy Problem (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, I-VII + 329 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Geothermics ; application ; and ; prospection ; Earthquake hazard ; nuclear ; power ; plants ; Earthquake risk ; solar ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; pollution ; FROTH ; pp. ; 1-81, ; 279-288
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    Variational Methods in Geoscience (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 20, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 3935922167)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Elasticity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Exploration Seismology Vol. 2, Data-Processing and Interpretation (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Boston, 227 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN 0-521-66023-8 hc (0-521-66953-7 pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Elastic Wave Field Extrapolation. Redatuming of Single- and Multi-Component Seismic Data (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    The fractal nature of fracture (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Fractals in Physics, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 177-180, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Fracture ; FractureT
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Evidence of a deep-reaching lithospheric root under the Alpine arc (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, The Origin of Arcs, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 13, no. Subvol. a, pp. 93-113, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: CRUST ; earth mantle ; Plate tectonics ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids, 3. repr. (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Wave propagation ; Waves ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 31
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    Applied Seismic Wave Theory (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 1, pp. 225, (ISBN 3-7643-7011-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Applied geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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  • 32
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    Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge University Press, vol. 283, no. 2, pp. 15-17, (ISBN: 3-7643-7044-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Handbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole breakouts ; circular ; angular ; directional ; Staatsbibl. ; B: ; 779785
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  • 33
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    Surface Waves and Discontinuities (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 16, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Surface waves ; Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics ; Wave propagation
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  • 34
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    Mechanics of Tectonic Faulting (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Tectonics ; Fault zone ; Stress ; Fracture ; Engineering geophys.
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  • 35
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    Numerical Recipes - The Art of Scientific Computing (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 1-58488-323-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Inversion ; Handbook of mathematics
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  • 36
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    Dislocations and their geophysical application (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Continuum Theories in Solid Earth Physics, Amsterdam, 566+XIII pp., Elsevier, vol. 186, no. 16, pp. 18-186, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Dislocation ; Review article
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  • 37
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    Automatic on-line detection of weak earthquakes at the Gräfenberg Array (1983)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Signal Processing II: Theories and Applications, Orlando, Elsevier, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 681-684, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismic arrays ; Seismology ; Schuessler ; Schussler
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  • 38
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    Stimulated current emission in the Earth: Piezostimulated currents and related geophysical aspects (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Thermodynamics of Point Defects and the Relation with Bulk Properties, New York, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 410-412, 417-420, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Geomagnetics ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: magnetic ; Geoelectrics ; Physical properties of rocks
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 39
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    The influence on catch of monofilament and multifilament netting in otter prawn trawls (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 8 (1). pp. 35-44.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-10
    Description: In Moreton Bay, Queensland, the catch obtained using monofilament polyamide (PA) otter trawl-nets with multifilament polyethylene (PE) cod ends was compared with that obtained using multifilament PE trawl-nets of identical mesh opening (38 mm). Monofilament PA otter trawl-nets retained fewer small prawns ( 〈 24 mm carapace length) than conventional multifilament PE nets, but both nets caught similar quantities of larger prawns ( 〉 24 mm carapace length). The higher retention rate of small prawns by multifilament PE gear was reflected in the greater catch weights of Peraeus plebejus, Metapenaeus bennettae and Metapenaeopsis novaeguineae in those nets. Catch weights of larger prawn species such as Penaeus esculentus and Metapenaeus endeavouri did not differ between nets. Winter whiting (Sillago maculata) and squid (Loligo spp.) were trawled in similar abundance in both nets, although the monofilament retained fewer squid 〈 50 mm mantle length. More marketable ( 〉 15 cm carapace width) sand crabs (Portunus pelagicus) were caught in the monofilament net. There was not significant difference in the trash (noncommercial component) weight caught in both nets. Over the range of towing speeds tested (1.7–2.3 kn), use of monofilament nets significantly reduced total gear drag.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 40
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    Male reproductive maturity in the octopus, Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 . pp. 573-579.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Males of Eledone cirrhosa grow to a size little over 600 g and normally have well-developed, and presumably active, reproductive organs from about 200 g upwards. Total weight of the genital bag is well correlated with total body weight (r= 0·906). Growth of the testis precedes that of the spermatophoric sac, and the size of neither of these reproductive components is predictable from body weight. The sizes of these organs and the estimated number and length of stored spermatophores are given for 100 g intervals of total body weight. No evidence was obtained for a seasonal trend in male maturity.
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  • 41
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    A Descriptive Ecology of Eledone Cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Scottish Waters (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 855-865.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A survey of the ecology of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in Scottish waters is compiled from structured interviews with fishermen, records of occurrence in traps (for lobster and crab), and a research vessel survey. This species is widespread and common throughout the inshore waters covered by fishing activity (shoreline- 140 m) on bottom types ranging through rock, stones, sand and mud. It is caught in all months of the year but is especially common inshore in the summer (July-September) and further offshore on trawling grounds in October-December. The octopus is a normal and regular predator of large Crustacea (Hotnarus, Nephrops, Cancer) caught in commercial traps but gut contents yield little identifiable dietary remains.
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  • 42
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    Some Problems of Physical Geology and the Earth's Thermal History (1927)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 64 (6). pp. 263-275.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: In a recent paper I stated that the hypothesis of a continuously cooling earth had “consistently failed to lead to any adequate explanations of fissure eruptions and other volcanic and tension phenomena, mountain-building processes and their distribution in time and space, and the alternation of marine transgressions and recessions”. It seems to be desirable that I should further justify this sweeping integration of objections, for Dr. Harold Jeffreys, who has actively explored the consequences of this theory during recent years, takes exception to my discouraging view of the position, and claims that the alleged failures include the principal successes of the theory. The evidence on which my summary indictment was based will be reviewed in this paper; and attention will be directed to certain other phenomena—such as the growth of geosynclines—of which the significance has not yet been generally realized. As a preliminary it will be convenient to discuss the gradually converging evidence bearing on the thickness and substructure of the continents.
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  • 43
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    Feeding Pattern of Sepia Officinalis (Cephalopoda: Sepiodidea) In The Ria De Vigo (Nw Spain) (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69 (03). pp. 545-553.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The importance of feeding pattern is well documented in fish (Jenkins & Green, 1977; Simenstad & Cailliet, 1986) but there are not many reported studies in cephalopods. Feeding patterns, as defined by Jenkins & Green (1977) have been studied, to our knowledge, only in Todarodes pacificus (Okiyama, 1965), Loligo pealei (Vovk, 1972), Loligo opalescens (Karpov & Cailliet, 1978), Illex illecebrosus (Amaratunga et ah, 1979; Amaratunga, 1980) and Nototodarus gouldi (O'Sullivan & Cullen, 1983). Boyle (1983) dealt with aspects of feeding in several cephalopod species but not specifically with feeding pattern. Aspects of feeding in Sepia officinalis have been reviewed by Nixon (1987). The present work describes the daily feeding pattern in Sepia officinalis from data collected in the field.
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  • 44
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    Zoning in highly alkaline magma bodies (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 121 (6). pp. 563-575.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: We present chemical data on magmatically heterogeneous pyroclastic deposits of late Quaternary age erupted from zoned magma systems underlying Tenerife (Canary Islands), Sao Miguel and Faial (Azores), and Vesuvius. The most fractionated magmas present at each centre are respectively Na-rich phonolite, trachyte, and K-rich phonolite. Within any one deposit, chemical variation is either accompanied by changes in the phenocryst assemblage (petrographic zonation) or is largely manifested in trace element abundances, unaccompanied by any petrographic change (occult zonation). Zoning is analogous to that in calc-alkaline systems where the most fractionated products are high-silica rhyolites. When a range of magma types are considered, a correlation emerges between roofward depletion of trace elements (especially REE) in the zoned system and compatability of those same trace elements in the accessory phenocryst phases present. Thus, allanite- or chevkinite-bearing rhyolitic systems are light-REE depleted roofwards, the sphene-bearing Tenerife system is middle-REE depleted roofwards, the melanite-bearing Vesuvius system is heavy-REE depleted roofwards, while the Azores systems, which lack these phases, display roofward REE enrichment. Therefore, the behaviour of trace elements may in each case be explained by fractionation of observed phenocryst assemblages. The resemblance between features of zoned magma systems and published work on the dynamic consequences of cooling saturated aqueous solutions prompts us to suggest that sidewall crystallization and consequent boundary-layer uprise to form a capping layer at top of the system may be a plausible mechanism for the generation of both petrographic and occult zonation. Reverse zoning occurs among the first-erupted tephra of some deposits, demonstrating that the most highly differentiated magma available is not always the first to be tapped during an eruption from a zoned system.
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  • 45
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    The female reproductive cycle of the octopus, Eledone cirrhosa (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 . pp. 71-83.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Changes in the relative size of the ovary, oviducal glands and eggs are described for Eledone cirrhosa captured from the North Sea off Aberdeen over a 3 year period (N = 488). The analysis is based only on freshly caught animals, excluding those held in aquarium conditions (〉 5 days). Ovary enlargement and egg size estimates are used as indices of sexual maturity. Between 0–15% and 18–95% of total body weight is contributed by the ovary. Maximum egg length in the ovary ranges up to 7 mm. On these criteria, sexual maturation typically occurs at body sizes between 400–1000 g although some animals of 1000–1200 g are found showing no evidence of ovary enlargement. The majority of the monthly sample is always immature but maturation can apparently occur at almost any time of the year. Increase in mean ovary index and mean values for egg size are strongly seasonal and indicate a peak incidence of sexual maturity over 2–3 months in the July-September period. Spawning is presumed to follow within 1 month. Estimates of the fecundity of the females, based on the egg sample from the ovary, range from 2·2 × 103 to 55 × 10 3 eggs with a mean of 11 × 10 3 and a mode of 7·5 × 10 3 eggs.
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  • 46
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    Reproductive maturity in fresh and aquarium-held Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 . pp. 581-585.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Female Eledone cirrhosa held in aquarium conditions for periods of time of five daysand over show relatively enlarged ovary sizes. Values for ovary index considerably exceed thoseof freshly caught animals and the incidence of the final stage of maturity, in which eggs pack the oviducts, is greater. A comparison of maturity indices for fresh and aquarium males was inconclusive. The range of factors associated with aquarium conditions is briefly reviewed and it is concluded that studies of cephalopod reproductive maturation must distinguish fresh and aquarium animals. Introduction External factors effective in inducing sexual maturation in cephalopods have been suggested several times. The influence of the absence of light has been implicated since the experiments of Wells & Wells (1959) showed that blinded Octopus vulgar is matured precociously. An effect of short day length in stimulating the optic glands of Sepia has been found by Defretin & Richard (1967) and Richard (1967) but this is not clearly the case for Octopus (Buckley, 1977). Octopuses kept in aquarium conditions for lengthy periods are said to have larger relative gonad sizes than those fresh from the sea (Wells & Wells, 1975). One of the factors associated with aquarium conditions is often a degree of starvation, and this circumstance alone is held to be a factor in inducing precocious sexual maturation in Eledone (Mangold & Boucher-Rodoni, 1973). In the course of recent studies on the growth and reproduction of Eledone cirrhosa from the North Sea (Boyle & Knobloch, 1982,1983,1984) animals which had remained in aquarium conditions for 5 days or over were separated from the analysis.
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  • 47
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    Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 126 (02). p. 95.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Santorini volcanic field has had 12 major (1–10 km3 or more of magma), and numerous minor, explosive eruptions over the last ~ 200 ka. Deposits from these eruptions (Thera Pyroclastic Formation) are well exposed in caldera-wall successions up to 200 m thick. Each of the major eruptions began with a pumice-fall phase, and most culminated with emplacement of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic flows of at least six eruptions deposited proximal lag deposits exposed widely in the caldera wall. The lag deposits include coarse-grained lithic breccias (andesitic to rhyodacitic eruptions) and spatter agglomerates (andesitic eruptions only). Facies associations between lithic breccia, spatter agglomerate, and ignimbrite from the same eruption can be very complex. For some eruptions, lag deposits provide the only evidence for pyroclastic flows, because most of the ignimbrite is buried on the lower flanks of Santorini or under the sea. At least eight eruptions tapped compositionally heterogeneous magma chambers, producing deposits with a range of zoning patterns and compositional gaps. Three eruptions display a silicic–silicic + mafic–silicic zoning not previously reported. Four eruptions vented large volumes of dacitic or rhyodacitic pumice, and may account for 90% or more of all silicic magma discharged from Santorini. The Thera Pyroclastic Formation and coeval lavas record two major mafic-to-silicic cycles of Santorini volcanism. Each cycle commenced with explosive eruptions of andesite or dacite, accompanied by construction of composite shields and stratocones, and culminated in a pair of major dacitic or rhyodacitic eruptions. Sequences of scoria and ash deposits occur between most of the twelve major members and record repeated stratocone or shield construction following a large explosive eruption. Volcanism at Santorini has focussed on a deep NE–SW basement fracture, which has acted as a pathway for magma ascent. At least four major explosive eruptions began at a vent complex on this fracture. Composite volcanoes constructed north of the fracture were dissected by at least three caldera-collapse events associated with the pyroclastic eruptions. Southern Santorini consists of pryoclastic ejecta draped over a pre-volcanic island and a ridge of early- to mid-Pleistocene volcanics. The southern half of the present-day caldera basin is a long-lived, essentially non-volcanic, depression, defined by topographic highs to the south and east, but deepened by subsidence associated with the main northern caldera complex, and is probably not a separate caldera.
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  • 48
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    The biology of Isancistrum subulatae n.sp., a monogenean parasitic on the squid, Alloteuthis subulata, at Plymouth (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 (02). pp. 285-302.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A new species of a monogenean Isancistrum subulatae (Gyrodactylidae) has been discovered on the arms and tentacles of the cephalopod mollusc Alloteuthis subulata at Plymouth and I. loliginis, on the gills of the same host, has been re-discovered for the first time since its original description in 1912. I. subulatae, like other gyrodactylids, is viviparous, and has been shown by experiments to transfer to new hosts by contagion. In nature such transfers probably take place during copulation of the hosts and since the parasite may occur in numbers of several thousands per host, it may thereby constitute a venereal disease.
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  • 49
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    Home occupancy by male Octopus vulgaris in a large seawater tank (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Animal Behaviour, 28 (4). pp. 1123-1126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-01
    Description: Pairs of individually recognizable male Octopus vulgaris were observed in a large seawater tank containing two suitable homes (brick pots or plastic buckets). None of the animals established exclusive occupancy of one home and for much of the time both animals were associated together at the same site. Usually one of the two homes was preferred and its occupant was most likely to be the larger animal, or the earlier resident if they were of equal size. Large animals were observed to take food forcefully from smaller octopus. An arm alignment interaction is described which, it is suggested, may be a means by which two octopuses establish their relative sizes.
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  • 50
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    Estimates of the mean circulation in the deep (〉2,000m) layer of the Eastern North Atlantic (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 14 . pp. 103-127.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-10
    Description: A total of 131 current meter records of between 6 and 24 month duration are analysed to describe the deep flow field of the eastern North Atlantic from 19° to 54°N and from the Continental Slope to the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Mean flows are weak and may be statistically indeterminate in some records and locations, but appear to indicate cyclonic circulations around the Iberia and Porcupine abyssal plains with a generally southward flow along the Mid Atlantic ridge and a deep northward slope current (where measurements exist) along the eastern boundary. The deepest inflow to the north-eastern basin that has been identified to date takes place through the Discovery Gap of 〉4,700 m sill-depth at 37° 25′N 15° 45′W in the Azores-Portugal ridge. South of that ridge, observations are sparse and no systematic circulation is yet evident. These observations are discussed in relation to recent geostrophic estimates of the deep circulation.
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  • 51
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    Glaciomarine sedimentation in epicontinental seas exemplified by the northern Barents Sea (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 85 (2-4). pp. 225-250.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Sediments on high Arctic shelves result from modern processes and the effect of former glaciations. Based on data from the northern Barents Sea, an area with input from large and numerous surging glaciers, we define two principal zones with different environmental regimes and corresponding sedimentary facies: (1) a glacier-proximal zone influenced by grounding-line processes and the immediately adjacent areas affected by glacial sediment input, and (2) a glacier-distal, sea-ice and current-controlled zone, which also includes a wide sediment-starved region dominated by biogenic carbonate accumulation. Characteristic of the glacier-proximal zone are glacial surges which affect sedimentation rates and leave a diagnostic pattern of sea-floor morphologies. Extensive ice gouging causes a homogeneous sediment texture. In the glacier-distal zone, fine-grained mud supplied from sea ice and infrequent coarser material deposited from icebergs is reworked by modern oceanographic processes. On shallow banks, in 30–50 m of water, carbonates accumulate from a prolific bottom fauna formed in response to extensive reworking and nutrient supply.
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  • 52
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    Sectional representations for simulating aerosol dynamics (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 76 (2). pp. 541-556.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-30
    Description: A general method for simulating aerosol size distribution dynamics is developed. The method, based on dividing the particle size domain into sections and dealing only with one integral quantity in each section (e.g., number, surface area, or volume), has the advantages that the integral quantity is conserved within the computational domain and coagulations between all particle sizes are properly accounted for. To demonstrate the simplicity and accuracy of the method for a practical problem, the evolution of a power plant plume aerosol undergoing coagulation is simulated.
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  • 53
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    Crustacea in the diet of Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) determined by serological methods (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 867-879.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Serological methods for prey identification have been applied to the gut contents of a field sample of 100 Eledone cirrhosa from the Moray Firth and 7 from the Sound of Jura. Protein extracts from the crop were electrophoresed (Laurell rockets) into antisera raised against potential crustacean prey species, Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Liocarcinus spp. and Nephrops norvegicus. The strengths of the resulting reactions were evaluated on the basis of peak height, staining density and the number of homocentric peaks of immune precipitates. Sixty-two of the 100 Moray Firth animals gave a positive reaction to one or more of the antisera and the most critical assessment of the results ranked the incidence of the prey as Liocarcinus (15) 〉 Nephrops (10) 〉 Cancer (8) 〉 Crangon (2) 〉 Carcinus (0), a total of 35 reactions from 28 animals. Absence of a reaction in the 38 animals from which appreciable sample volumes were also obtained indicates that alternative prey had been consumed. Of the 7 Sound of Jura animals, 4 gave a positive reaction to Nephrops alone. A total of only 24 animals gave any indication of diet by visual recognition of remains. The value and difficulties of the methodology are discussed.
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  • 54
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    On growth of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (1982)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 62 (2). pp. 277-296.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The growth of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa has been studied in a population from the North Sea off Aberdeen. Data are presented for the growth of individuals isolated in aquarium conditions; the growth of size classes in thefieldpopulation; and preliminary information on the growth relationships of gonad, somatic, cardiac and brain components of the body. At 15 °C Eledone cirrhosa is capable of growing from 10 to 1000 g in 270 days. From octopuses which feed readily in captivity, weight specific growth rates of up to about 3–5 % day-1 for animals of 100 g body weight are recorded, falling to a maximum of about 1–5 % day-1 at body sizes above 500 g. Females stop growing when sexually mature, but in the sample captured they were consistently larger than males, a feature which may account for the 7:1 bias towards the incidence of females. On a wet-weight basis, the mean food incorporation into growth is 37 % of the food ingested, which is 49% of the gross weight of crabs killed. Field data for 1978/79 suggest that animals recruited to the population at the beginning of the year grew steadily until December, overwintered without growing, then grew rapidly for several months in the subsequent year before disappearing from the samples. The estimated average age of those animals and by implication, the life span, is 20 months.
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  • 55
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    Aminostratigraphy of European marine interglacial deposits (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 4 (4). pp. 215-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-04
    Description: Molluscan fossils collected from shallow water marine sediment across NW Europe and nearby Arctic regions have been analysed for the extent of isoleucine epimerization (DL ratio) in indigenous protein residues. The DL ratios confirm that essentially all ‘classical’ Eemian sites from NW Europe are of the same age, and are correlative with the type locality near Amersfoort in the Netherlands; shells from interglacial marine sediment beneath the type Weichselian till in Poland also correlate with the type Eemian site. DL ratios in Holsteinian marine shells (0.29) are substantially higher than in their Eemian counterparts (0.17); ‘Late Cromerian’ shells yield even higher ratios (0.46). DL ratios in late glacial shells (0.06) and Middle Weichselian shells (0.09) permit differentiation from modern (0.01) and last interglacial material. Based on the position of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary and the differences in DL ratios, the Eemian must correlate with isotope substage 5e, whereas the Holsteinian is most likely substage 7c, possibly stage 9 but certainly younger than stage 11. Intra-Saalian warm periods may be terrestrial equivalents of the younger substages of stage 7. Extensive pre-Eemian marine sediments along the SW coast of Denmark previously correlated with the Holsteinian are shown to be of ‘Late Cromerian’ age. The underlying till there is the first widespread evidence of a pre-Elsterian till in NW Europe. DL ratios in molluscs from last interglacial sites along the Arctic coast of the USSR, the Arctic Islands and eastern Greenland are substantially lower than in their European counterparts due to their low thermal histories. The combined mid- and high-latitude data are used to develop a predictive model for the expected DL ratio in any of several moderate epimerization-rate taxa for last interglacial sites with mean temperatures between −20 and +15°C. Not all sites could be unambiguously assigned to an established interglacial. The Fjøsanger (Norway) and Margareteberg (Sweden) sites previously thought to be Eemian, yield DL ratios higher than in secure nearby Eemian material. It is yet unresolved whether these are aberrant sites or if they predate the last interglacial. In situ shoreline deposits encountered in borings in SW Belgium and in exposures on the Belgium coastal plain contain molluscs that yield DL ratios intermediate between secure Eemian and Late Weichselian ratios, raising the possibility that a late stage 5 high-sea-level event attained near-modern levels in the southern North Sea basin. Resolution of these uncertainties is the focus of future work.
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  • 56
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    Fossil Fuel Biomarkers: Applications and Spectra (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Elsevier, Amsterdam, 294 pp. ISBN 0-444-42471-7
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 57
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    Seabeam and seismic reflection imaging of the tectonic regime of the Andean continental margin off Peru (4°S to 10°S) (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87 (1-2). pp. 111-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Description: Marine geophysical surveys employing Seabeam, multi- and single-channel seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic instruments were conducted at two locations along the continental slope of the Peru Trench during the Seaperc cruise of the R/V “Jean Charcot” in July 1986. These areas are centered around 5°30′S and 9°30′S off the coastal towns of Paita and Chimbote respectively. These data indicate that (1) the continental slope off Peru consists of three distinct morpho-structural domains (from west to east are the lower, middle and upper slopes) instead of just two as previously reported; (2) the middle slope has the characteristics of a zone of tectonic collapse at the front of a gently flexured upper slope; (3) the upper half of the lower slope appears to represent the product of mass wasting; (4) thrusting at the foot of the margin produces a continuous morphologic feature representing a deformation front where the products of mass-wasting are overprinted by a compressional tectonic fabric; (5) a change in the tectonic regime from tensional to compressional occurs at the mid-slope-lower slope boundary, the accretionary prism being restricted to the very base of the lower slope in the Paita area. The Andean margin off Peru is an “extensional active margin” or a “collapsing active margin” developing a subordinated accretionary complex induced by massive collapse of the middle slope area.
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  • 58
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    Late Quaternary marine sediment accumulation in fiord-shelf-deep-sea transects, Baffin Island to Baffin Bay (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 6 (3-4). pp. 231-243.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Piston cores from fiords, shelf troughs, and the deep-sea off eastern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada, have been sampled for texture and detrital carbonate in the 〈2 mm fraction. The sediments consist primarily of silty clays usually containing 〈5% sand. Estimates are made for sediment accumulation (kg/m**2/ka) over the last ca. 10 ka. Three sets, of two cores each, lie on a fiord-shelf transect and thus define variations in sediment accumulation gradients. These continental margin data are compared with cruder estimates of Holocene sediment accumulation at three sites farther offshore in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the northern Labrador Sea. Minimum accumulation in a 2 ka interval was 200 kg/m2 with a maximum estimate of 8,800 kg/m2. Detrital carbonate accumulation varies between 0 and 1,300 kg/m**2. Median accumulation for a typical fiord-shelf-deep-sea transect over the last 10 ka have been 10,340, 3493 and 820 kg/m**2. At DSDP Leg, site 645 in central Baffin Bay, the sedimentation rate ranged between 40 and 130 m/Ma (ca. 400 and 1200 kg/m**2/2ka); that is, comparable with the Late Quaternary input into Baffin Bay.
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  • 59
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    Effect of natural concentrations on nutrient exchange between a polychaete burrow in estuarine sediment and the overlying water (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 75 (2). pp. 171-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-25
    Description: The exchange of inorganic nutrients; ammonium, nitrate and reactive phosphate between burrows of the infaunal polychaete Nereis virens Sars and the overlying water was assessed using V-shaped sediment cores. Exchange was determined by monitoring ventilation current and nutrient concentration of in- and excurrent water. Ammonium supply appeared independent of overlying water concentrations, showing a constant release of 0.5 μmol·h−1 (for a 2-g individual + burrow system) at concentrations from 2 to 87 μM. Of this release ≈40% originated from worm excretion, and the rest from microbial mineralization. Nitrate and phosphate exchange appeared very sensitive to overlying water concentrations, having equilibrium (zero flux) at 10–15 and 3 μM, respectively. Below these concentrations nitrate showed a slight release (due to nitrification), whereas phosphate was released at a rate of 3.2 × 10−2 μmol·h−1 at 1 μM (mineralization and desorption). Above equilibrium they both were removed during water passage through worm burrows, reaching 0.4 μmol·h−1 for nitrate at 107 μM (nitrate reduction) and 3.7 × 10−2 μmol·h−1 for phosphate at 5.6 μM (adsorption processes). The burrow system apparently acted as a buffer for phosphate and, to some degree, nitrate in the overlying water. At the study site (Norsminde Fjord estuary) nereid burrows were estimated to increase the sediment-water interface 150%. About 17% of the water column was cycled through the sediment by Nereis each day. The worm + burrow system was estimated to release 95 μmol· m−2·h−1 ammonium to the overlying water, which was ≈76–90% of the total release of ammonium from the sediment (30–36% was worm excretion).
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  • 60
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    Conspicuous coloration may enhance prey capture in some piscivores (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Animal Behaviour, 35 (5). pp. 1558-1560.
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    Publication Date: 2017-12-11
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  • 61
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    Late quaternary spatial and temporal changes in clay- and silt-size mineral assemblages of fiord and shelf cores, western Baffin Bay, northwest North Atlantic (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 9 (5). pp. 445-463.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Clay- and silt-size mineral assemblages are described from eight piston cores from the fiords and shelf on the western margin of Baffin Bay, Arctic Canada. Radiocarbon dates indicate that all the cores extend back in time to the last local glacial/interglacial transition (i.e. 8–10 ka); four extend back to between 10 and 12 ka, and HU77-021-156, located on the Southeast Baffin Island shelf, includes the entire late Foxe glacial stage. Silt- and clay-size particles constitute ca 40 and 55%, respectively, by weight of the bulk sediment. The clay-size fraction is dominated by mica; feldspars and quartz are the main constituents of the silt fraction. The fiord sediments are mainly composed of local mineralogies, but on the shelf, and at times in the fiords, exotic mineral species occur. The most important of these are detrital carbonates, derived from erosion of the Paleozoic basins in Arctic Canada and/or northwest Greenland. Both calcite and dolomite occur; calcite is the major carbonate mineral in the “southern” cores, whereas dolomite is the most abundant in cores north of 66°N. Higher inputs of carbonate species occur during regional deglaciation, 7–10 ka, and during the last 5 ka (probably reflecting increased iceberg production from northwest Greenland). Thus variations in the precentages of the carbonate minerals indicate significant shifts in Late Quaternary glacial-sediment source areas and oceanographic regimes.
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  • 62
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    Acoustic stratigraphy of the sedimentary succession west of Porcupine Bank, NE Atlantic Ocean: A preliminary account (1982)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 47 (1-2). pp. 17-35.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Acoustic basement lies at an average of between 6.0 and 6.5 sec two-way time below sea level in the southern Rockall Trough and northern Porcupine Abyssal Plain. The overlying sedimentary succession reaches maximum thicknesses of at least 4.0 sec, and can be divided by 3 regionally-developed seismic reflecting horizons, which are used as a framework to establish an acoustic stratigraphy for the area by selecting three “type” seismic sections. These reflectors are named, in ascending order, Shackleton, Charcot and Challenger. The area is crossed by E—W basement high structures, the Clare Lineament (which may be an easterly extension of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone), that separates the Porcupine Abyssal Plain from the eastern part of southern Rockall Trough. Under the latter, the post-Shackleton acoustic sequence is thickened, as if dammed to the north of the Clare Lineament, whilst a further thickening, above reflector Charcot, occurs along a NE—SW line somewhat farther north into the southern Rockall Trough. This can also be related to shallow-lying acoustic basement features. Pre-Shackleton sediments overlie a very irregular basement topography. The acoustic characters of the various sediment packages are described and it is speculated that major changes in the sedimentary environments took place across reflectors Shackleton and Challenger, the latter probably establishing the modern bottom current circulation patterns. No ages can be unequivocally assigned to the main reflectors, but previously published data suggest a late Eocene—Oligocene age for Challenger. Possible lavas or sills are identified in the succession between reflectors Shackleton and Charcot.
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  • 63
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    Late Mesozoic and Tertiary sediment supply to the eastern Cape Basin (SE Atlantic) and palaeo-drainage systems in Southwestern Africa (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 56 (1-4). pp. 13-26.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Isopach asymmetry, and sediment component changes in DSDP cores from the SE Atlantic (Orange Basin) support the hypothesis of major drainage system changes in SW Africa during late Cretaceous—Cenozoic time. This involved alternations in the use of the 28°S (modern Orange River) and 31°S (modern Olifants River) exit points across the western escarpment by rivers carrying run-off from the Upper Orange/Vaal catchment areas, as well as radical re-organizations of internal drainage geometry. It is postulated that during late Cretaceous times the 28°S exit was used, with the Middle Orange River following a course in the interior well to the south (up to 150 km) of its modern channel. Sediment discharge rates from this river were relatively high (at least 10 × 106 m3 yr−1), and resulted in rapid advancement of the continental margin sediment prism west of the mouth by large-scale slumping. The Palaeogene Orange/Vaal river exit was via the 31°S escarpment crossing, and during the later part of this period, the Cape Canyon was cut across the continental shelf and slope. A significant reduction in sediment discharge (to 2.0 × 106 m3 yr−1) suggests that the Lower Tertiary climate for SW Africa was drier than that of late Cretaceous times. However, aridity did not commence until late Miocene times, when the Orange/Vaal discharge had switched back to the 28°S exit. Modern sediment discharge rates (6.5 × 106 m3 yr−1) are relatively high and reflect soil erosion caused by agricultural activity. The two major alterations in exit point of the Orange/Vaal (late Cretaceous—early Tertiary, and late Oligocene—early Miocene) are related to periods of low sea level, which promoted river capture adjacent to the western escarpment. An additional factor in the first course change may have been the disruption of the Middle Orange channel by late Cretaceous igneous intrusions. Less important internal reorganizations of the drainage system are postulated in late Miocene—Pleistocene times. Economic implications for offshore diamond distribution are briefly mentioned.
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  • 64
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    Ostracod faunas and water masses across the continental margin off southwestern Africa (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 87 (2-4). pp. 323-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Changes in composition of modern benthic ostracod faunas across the continental margin of southwestern Africa occur at boundaries between and within major water masses: a Mixed Layer-Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) boundary at 200 m, an AAIW salinity minimum zone at 650 m, an AAIW bathyal thermocline at 1000 m, and the AAIW/North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) boundary at 1500 m. In addition, two population changes occur within the NADW at 1.8–2.0 km and 2.0–3.0 km. The Antarctic Bottom Water assemblage is sparse and poorly preserved.
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  • 65
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    Large allochthonous sediment masses and their role in the construction of the continental slope and rise off southwestern Africa (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 37 (3-4). pp. 333-354.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-12
    Description: Large Neogene slumps have affected over 260,000 km2 of the outer continental margin and adjacent Cape Basin off southwestern Africa. Individual structures cover areas up to 68,700 km2 and proximally are commonly composed of huge rotated sediment blocks up to 450 m thick and several kilometers across. Seismic shocks, possibly in conjunction with lower-slope undercutting by bottom-current erosion, are suggested as possible trigger mechanisms for these features which are all thought to be post-Pliocene (possibly Pleistocene) in age. Older slumps are also recognized along the margin and four cycles of sedimentation/slumping are identified: early Upper Cretaceous (I); late Upper Cretaceous (II); Palaeogene (III); and Neogene (IV). In the main part of the Orange Basin depocentre (west of Childs Bank) the Cretaceous slump styles are thought to represent Mississippi delta-type down-slope sediment cascades (with reverse faulting and mud diapirism) over 1 km thick which resulted from very rapid dumping of terrigenous material from the Orange River. Cainozoic slumps show a different tectonic style and locus and this is thought to reflect a change in sedimentation patterns which resulted from lower terrigenous input onto the margin, higher biogenic/authigenic sedimentation, and slowed crustal subsidence. A connection possibly exists between low sea level stands and the Cainozoic episodes of slumping.
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  • 66
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    Effects of variations in light intensity on life processes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides Sacculifer in laboratory culture (1981)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom UK, 62 . pp. 435-451.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: The planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) was cultured under two different light intensities and in continuous darkness. High light intensity (HLI = 4oo-soo einsteins/m2/s) resulted in a longer lifespan, a greater number of chambers formed, and a larger final shell size compared with individuals cultured under low light intensity (LLI = 20-50 einsteins/m2/s) or in continuous darkness. Shell growth rates were unaffected by increasing light intensity, but gametogenesis was delayed. Continuous darkness induced a rapid onset of gametogenesis in organisms with shell lengths larger than 250 m. Feeding frequency had a greater effect on growth and reproduction than light intensity under conditions of LLI and HLI, but continuous darkness had an overriding effect on growth and reproduction owing to the rapid onset of gametogenesis which terminated the life of the mother cell. Our previous data indicated that the longevity of G. sacculifer was dependent on feeding frequency, and that G. sacculifer cultured under LLI had a lifespan of approximately 2-4 weeks. Present results suggest that the lifespan can vary from a minimum of 8 days for organisms fed daily in continuous darkness to a maximum of 54 days for organisms fed once every 7 days and maintained in HLI. It is concluded that individual G. sacculifer attain a shell size greater than 6oo ,urn only if they maintain their position in the euphotic zone. Prolonged existence below the euphotic zone would result in premature death or gametogenesis following stunted shell growth.
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  • 67
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    Comparative toxicity of nitrite to freshwater fishes (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Aquatic Toxicology, 8 . pp. 129-137.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-24
    Description: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of nitrite to several species of freshwater fishes and to investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms which account for differential toxicity among species. Green sunfish (Lepornis cyanellus) was the most resistant species studied while the channel catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus) was the least resistant. Ninety-six hour median lethal concentrations correlated significantly with both the percentage of hemoglobin in the methemoglobin form and plasma nitrite concentrations among species. Plasma nitrite levels also correlated significantly with percent methemoglobin. Environmental chloride did not increase the tolerance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to nitrite toxicity as it did for channel catfish. These results indicate that plasma nitrite concentrations are the primary determinant of the toxicity of nitrite to fishes. Further, plasma nitrite concentrations in various species depend on the discriminatory ability of the active transport system in fish gills which ordinarily transports chloride ions.
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  • 68
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    Lithic-enriched segregation bodies in pyroclastic flow deposits of Laacher See volcano (E-Eifel, Germany) (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25 . pp. 193-224.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-19
    Description: Small-volume (ca. 0.6 km3) pyroclastic flow deposits at Laacher See contain lithic breccias and two types of ground layers that differ significantly in their structure and composition from the main body of flow units. Lithic breccia bodies, up to 3.5 m thick, containing up to 85 weight% lithic blocks, occur locally at various distances from the vent. The deposition of these breccias was apparently governed by the strong influence of paleomorphology on the dynamics of the pyroclastic flows. The breccias were deposited at three main changes in bottom gradient along the path of the pyroclastic flows. The accumulation of large lithics is explained: (a) by compression of flows on the rising bottom close to the vent; (b) by thinning of flows accelerating over a steep incline; (c) by deceleration of the pre-concentrated lower part of flows in hydraulic jumps; and (d) possibly by a stationary vortex at the inner bend of a valley curvature. Poorly sorted lithic-rich ground layers, laterally highly variable in internal structure and composition, are restricted to marginal regions of the pyroclastic flow deposits within deep and narrow valleys. They are interpreted as having formed due to the extreme roughness of the valley walls, enforcing irregular turbulent flow and intense fluidization of the flow head, in which density-dominated segregation of lithics occurred. Wellsorted lapilli-rich ground layers of constant lateral thickness were probably generated by a more regularly moving, less intensely fluidized head of pyroclastic flows in which size-dominated segregation was effective but density-segregation was minor. A model of the temporal and longitudinal evolution of a flow head is proposed. Close to the vent, the head is exclusively erosive. With increasing distance, erosive power declines and erosion is paralleled by ground layer formation under strong fluidization. Further from the vent, the head ceases to erode while fluidization is still sufficient for ground layer formation. When fluidization declines to a level ineffective for segregation, ground layers terminate while the head advances and only terminates when plug-flow dominates.
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  • 69
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    Eddy mixing and the potential vorticity distribution in the subtropical thermocline (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ocean Modelling, 74 . pp. 5-9.
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-24
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  • 70
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    The distribution of Hg, Ba, Cu and Zn in the vicinity of cupriferous sulfide deposits, Troodos complex, Cyprus (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 21 (1-3). pp. 167-174.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-30
    Description: A geochemical rock- and soil-sampling program was carried out in the vicinity of eight concealed “Cyprus type” deposits, occurring in marginal mafic to intermediate metapillow lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex. The mineralization of massive and stockwork sulfide ore is characterized by the predominance of pyrite, intergrown with less chalcopyrite and minor amounts of sphalerite. Background values of Hg are in the range of 8–12 ppb for soils and 3–6 ppb for surface rocks. Anomaly/background ratios of 10:1 (soils) and 5:1 (rocks) have been found only, where Hg migrated along channels formed by faults cutting shallow-seated mineralization. Here, Hg sometimes shows significant correlations with Cu, Zn, Ba and exceptionally with Co. However in one case an Hg anomaly in soils and surface rocks was detected directly over a deposit. The use of Hg as indicator element for these types of deposits is therefore limited. Buried mineralization may be delineated more distinctly by Cu, Zn and Ba.
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  • 71
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    Energy content of macrobenthic invertebrates: general conversion factors from weight to energy (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117 (3). pp. 271-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In ecological studies, especially in those dealing with energy circulation in nature, determinations of the energy content of organisms are inevitable. Energy determinations are, however, laborious and time-consuming. Average conversion factors based on different species form various areas and seasons may often be a shortcut for overcoming this problem. To establish general energy conversion factors for aquatic invertebrate groups, we used 376 values of J · mg−1 DW and 255 values of J · mg−1 AFDW, representing 308 and 229 species, respectively. The dry-weight-to-energy factors were highly variable both within and between taxonomic groups, e.g.: Porifera, 6.1 J · mg−1 DW; insect larvae, 22.4 J · mg−1 DW (median values). The energy-conversion factors related to AFDW showed a much smaller dispersion with a minimum median value of 19.7 J · mg−1 AFDW (Ascidiacea) and a maximum of 23.8 J · mg−1 AFDW (insect larvae). Within taxonomic groups, the 95% confidence intervals (AFDW) were only a few percent of the median values. The use of energy-conversion factors based on AFDW is preferable due to their lower dispersion. For aquatic macrobenthic invertebrates, a general conversion factor of 23 J · mg−1 AFDW can be used.
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  • 72
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    Sonostratigraphic records from equatorial atlantic deep-sea carbonates: Paleoceanographic and climatic relationships (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 83 . pp. 9-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-05
    Description: Paleoceanographic and stratigraphic methods, based on high-resolution compressional wave (p-wave) velocity measurements, have been applied to the studies of late Quaternary deep-sea carbonates in the western and eastern equatorial Atlantic. The measurements provide sonostratigraphic records in which changes in p-wave velocity parallel the changes from a glacial to an interglacial climate: Maxima in p-wave velocity (greater than 1540 m/s) occur during interglacial oxygen isotope stages 1, 5 and 7. Minima (1490 m/s) occur during glacial oxygen isotope stages 2, 4 and 6. Changes in p-wave velocity parallel past changes in carbonate accumulation and sediment coarse fraction, and allow a detailed core to core correlation. From these results two main patterns emerge: (1) In cores from shallower than 4300 m and from well above the present lysocline, large temporal changes in p-wave velocity parallel the production of planktonic foraminifera and the climatic history recorded in the sediments, and (2) below 4300 m, the position of the foraminiferal lysocline in the western equatorial Atlantic, large downcore p-wave velocity fluctuations gradually disappear due to dissolution of carbonate sediments. Dissolution also causes a distinct decrease in p-wave velocity and acoustic reflectivity in surface sediments across the present foraminiferal lysocline. Thus, past changes in the position of the foraminiferal lysocline or calcite compensation depth that caused distinct changes in reflectivity of sediments should lead to distinct reflectors within sediment columns. Their distribution can be utilized to map paleowater masses with different degrees of carbonate saturation.
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  • 73
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    Marine consumers: Fish and squid (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Environment International, 13 (1). pp. 37-45.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Of about 20,000 modern fish species, only about 200 are found south of the Antarctic Convergence. The ichthyofauna is dominated by small species up to 40 cm long. The majority are bottom dwelling forms which belong mostly to the suborder Notothenioidei. Antarctic pelagic fishes are descendants from several faunal groups of different origins: bathypelagic and mesopelagic species, and species originating from demersal families which are secondarily adapted to temporary or permanent midwater life. More than 30 species of squid are so far known from the Southern Ocean. The majority are obviously meso-and bathy-pelagic dwellers. Several adaptations, including stenothermy, freezing resistance, aglomerular kidneys, and neutral buoyancy, enable Antarctic coastal fish to live successfully in the harsh environment. Growth rates of coastal fish are comparable to those found in Newfoundland cod. Most coastal fish do not spawn until they are 5 year old. Three reproductive strategies occur in coastal fish: autumn/early winter spawners with few, but yolky, eggs of 3–6 mm diameter; late winter/spring spawners with many, but smaller, eggs of 1.5–2 mm diameter; and species which guard their nests. Based on their food spectra, fish species can roughly be divided into three groups: fish and krill feeders, plankton feeders, and benthos feeders. Krill consumption by coastal fish around South Georgia and in West Antarctic waters was probably in the order of 5–6 × 106 tonnes before the onset of exploitation. Overall euphausiid consumption may have been about 20 × 106 tonnes. Fish, particularly mesopelagic fish, appear to be more important krill predators than squid. The role of squid as krill predators may have been overestimated in the past. Squid seem to be more important as a food resource for top level predators, particularly sperm whales and birds, than fish appear to be. All estimates of food consumption—krill as well as fish—are still subject to many uncertainties, and so it can be expected that increasing knowledge in the future may alter the given figures quite substantially. Exploitation of Antarctic finfish started at the end of the 1960s. The main fishing grounds are South Georgia and Kerguelen Islands. So far about 2.3 × 106 tonnes have been harvested from the Southern Ocean and the stocks particularly around South Georgia are heavily depleted. Conservation measures adopted by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1984 and 1985 are probably not sufficient to support the recovery of the stocks.
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  • 74
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    Survival strategies of microorganisms in extreme saline environments (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Space Research, 6 (12). pp. 299-306.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-22
    Description: Halophilic representatives are found in all main lines of evolutionary descendence of microbes: in archaebacteria, Gram-negative and Gram-positive eubacteria, and also in eucaryotes. In principe all halophilic microorganisms have to adapt their surface and membrane structures to their highly ionic environments. Concerning their intracellular compartment two different strategies have been developed: Inorganic ions are largely excluded in some microorganisms while such ions are actively accumulated in others. In particular the second group of organisms has to adapt the whole metabolic machinery to the highly ionic conditions of several molar salts, whereas in the first group only the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and the extracytoplasmic structures are in contact with high concentrations of inorganic ions. In this latter group, a variety of organic solutes is accumulated in response to increases of the salinity of the environment.
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  • 75
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    Relationships between crustal contamination and crystallisation in continental flood basalt magmas with special reference to the Deccan Traps of the Western Ghats, India (1987)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 84 (1). pp. 59-68.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: The upper part of the Deccan Traps sequence (Bushe to Mahabaleshwar Formations) shows a statistically significant tendency for the most mafic lavas to be the most contaminated by crustal materials. This is the reverse of the relationship shown by suites evolving by contamination accompanied by fractional crystallisation (AFC). The observed correlations (e.g. between Mg-number and Sr isotope initial ratios) are partly an accidental consequence of the fact that the most mafic lavas are more abundant in the lower part of the sequence, while contaminant availability declines in the upper part. It is probable, however, that the correlations are augmented by increased contamination of hotter magma batches during ascent through dykes, a process during which fractional crystallisation is suppressed by magmatic turbulence. The absence of AFC relationships suggests that most of the contamination took place during the ascent stage rather than in a magma chamber. Other continental flood basalt provinces such as the Parana and Etendeka do show AFC relationships, and it is speculated that this may be a result of magma chamber contamination coupled with flow rates which prevent contamination during ascent.
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  • 76
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    Turbulent momentum and salt transport in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 28 (6). pp. 615-638.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Measurements in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary were performed during three consecutive tidal cycles with three types of instruments—a moored tripod with velocity and temperature/conductivity/light attenuation sensors, a profiling sonde with similar sensors lowered from an anchored vessel, and instrumented moorings. Acoustic-travel-time sensors were used for velocity measurements. Spectral analysis of 12·8 min pieces of the obtained time series gives results that are consistent with isotropic turbulence for part of the frequency space. Temporal changes of turbulent kinetic energy are correlated with tidal current velocity. A retardation is found between changes in tidal current and turbulent energy. Not all shear stress terms are in similar phase with tidal flow. Mean gradients, Reynolds stress terms, and turbulent salt flux terms are combined to determine eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficients.
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  • 77
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    Crystal plasticity and superplasticity in quartzite; A natural example (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 115 (1-2). pp. 101-129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-17
    Description: Plastically deformed quartzites from the Betic Movement Zone (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) exhibit microstructures indicative of crystal plasticity on a mineral grain scale. Quartzites with dynamically recrystallized grain sizes larger than 10 μm have strong crystallographic preferred orientations, narrow grain boundaries, little creep damage, and an inverse proportionality of dislocation density and grain size. Mylonites with grain sizes smaller than 10 μm have low crystallographic preferred orientations, wide grain boundaries (up to 1000 Å), abundant creep damage, and decreasing dislocation density with diminishing grain size. This is thought to reflect a clear-cut shift in deformational regimes from dislocation creep to superplastic flow at 10 μm grain size. Superplasticity can be acquired by quartzites which suffer dynamic recrystallization to grain sizes smaller than 10 μm during an initial dislocation creep stage. Dislocation motion is the major accomodating mechanism for strain incompatibilities that arise during grain-boundary sliding in the mylonites.It seems reasonable to estimate flow stresses from unbound dislocation densities and dynamically recrystallized grain sizes in the tectonite specimens. In the mylonites, dynamically recrystallized grain size probably reflects the stress magnitude before the shift in deformational mechanisms, and an estimate for late stage stresses is provided by unbound dislocation densities. In both deformational regimes the flow strength appears to depend on the extent of dynamic recrystallization.
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    Growth and survival strategies of diatoms (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Growth and reproductive strategies of freshwater phytoplankton. , ed. by Sandgren, C. D. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 227-260. ISBN 0-521-32722-9
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-02
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 79
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    Hydrothermal silica chimney fields in the Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 89 (3-4). pp. 261-272.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: Silica chimneys were discovered in 1985 at 86°W in the rift valley of the Galapagos Spreading Center at 2600 m depth (“Cauliflower Garden”). The inactive chimneys lack any sulfides and consist almost entirely of amorphous silica (up to 96 wt.% SiO2, opal-A); Fe and Mn oxides are minor constituents. Oxygen isotope data show that formation of the silica chimneys took place at temperatures between 32°C (+29.9‰ δ18O) and 42°C (+27.8‰ δ18O).Th/Udating reveals a maximum age of 1440 ± 300y. Amorphous silica solubility relations indicate that the silica chimneys were formed by conductive cooling of pure hydrothermal fluids or by conductive cooling of a fluid/seawater mixture. Assuming equilibrium with quartz at 500 bars, initial fluid temperatures of more than 175°C (i.e., a concentration of 〉 182 ppm SiO2) were required to achieve sufficient supersaturation for the deposition of amorphous silica at 40°C and 260 bars. If the silica chimneys originate from the same or a similar fluid as higher-temperature ( 〈 300°C) sulfide-silica precipitates found nearby (i.e., 2.5 km away), then subsurface deposition of sulfides may have occurred.
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  • 80
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    Oxygen isotope constraints on surface ocean temperatures (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 26 (1). pp. 121-134.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: Published oxygen isotope results from benthic and planktonic foraminifera are used to constrain the extent to which surface ocean temperatures in the tropics changed between glacial and interglacial time. The possible impacts of bioturbation and of the redistribution of 18O16O ratios within the sea, putting aside the oxygen isotope results, are consistent with the CLIMAP project conclusion that tropical ocean temperatures remained within ±2°C of their present value.
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  • 81
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    The holstein interglaciation: Time-stratigraphic position and correlation to stable-isotope stratigraphy of deep-sea sediments (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 26 (3). pp. 283-298.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Marine molluscan shells from para-type and other loclities of the Holsteinian interglaciation were dated by ThU and the electron spin resonance (ESR) method to more than 350,000 and 370,000 yr B.P., beyond the limit of ThU dating. The high age estimate is corroborated by a KAr age of 420,000 yr B.P. determined from volcanic ash near the base of the Ariendorf paleosol in the Middle Rhine valley believed to be a pedostratigraphic equivalent of the Holsteinian. Shells from the Herzeele marine unit III, an equivalent of the Wacken (Dömnitz) warm stage in northern France and subsequent to the Holsteinian, revealed ages between 300,000 and 350,000 yr B.P. A correlation of these two warm stages with marine oxygen-isotope stages 11 and 9 on the SPECMAP and CARTUNE time scales is suggested. From the benthic oxygen-isotope record one may infer that no exceptionally high global sea-level rise corresponds to the large transgressions of the Holstein Sea in northern Germany. Therefore, a significant proportion of the transgression was probably the result of an unusually large local glacial-isostatic depression caused by the extreme buildup of ice during the preceding Elster glaciation (stage 12). According to the deep-sea record, it lasted approximately 50% longer than the subsequent cold stage 10. The outstanding soil formation with Braunlehm and the well-developed thermal optimum of the Holsteinian are tentatively related to a phase of minimum sea-ice cover in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, as deduced from long benthic carbon-isotope records from the central Atlantic.
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  • 82
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    Biological Studies of the Exploited Stock ofLoligo Forbesi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Azores (1982)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 62 (04). p. 799.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Five hundred and twenty-eight specimens of Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, from landings in Horta, Faial, Azores, during the year 1 March 1980 to 28 February 1981, were tudied; 59·3 % were males, 40·7 % females. Of the males 80·2 % were sexually mature, of the females 91·6 %, both sexes showing the highest degree of maturity in spring and he lowest in autumn. The mean dorsal mantle length of the mature males was 56·5 cm, or females 33·5 cm. A weight-length relationship was calculated. he stomachs of 622 specimens were sampled, of which 306 contained food. The prey omponents were studied qualitatively. The main prey was fish (82·0%), of which 0·5 % were horse mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, this being the most important food rganism. Preliminary results of statolith readings are given.
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  • 83
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    Laboratory rearing of Loligo opalescens, the market squid of California (1983)
    Elsevier
    In:  Aquaculture, 33 (1). pp. 77-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-02
    Description: The squid Loligo opalescens (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) was reared in artificial sea water in a closed system consisting of two 1300-l circular tanks. When the squids reached mantle lengths of 20 to 30 mm, they were transferred to a 10 000-l closed system raceway. From hatching, mantle length increased exponentially at a mean rate of 1.69% per day throughout the experiment. The largest and longest-lived squid attained a maximal size of 77 mm mantle length in 8 months. Only live food organisms, which consisted of copepods, other crustaceans and fishes, were accepted by the squids. Mortality, attributed to starvation and fin damage, was greatest during the first 20 days and again between days 45 and 70.
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    Influence of an electric light on the capture of deep-sea fish in Biscay (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 483-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Recently the influence of an electric light on the capture of the main groups of deep sea animals by a midwater trawl was described and discussed (Clarke & Pascoe, 1985). With regard to fish it was shown that at depths close to 800 m the total number, the total volume, the volume of the ten largest and the volume of the single largest fish all increased significantly when an electric light was used on the headline of the trawl when compared with controls with the light off. These experiments were carried out both in the Bay of Biscay and off Madeira.
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  • 85
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    A multivariate analysis of planktonic molluscan distribution in the Middle Atlantic Bight (1983)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 1 (4). pp. 405-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-11
    Description: Faunal structure is described for the planktonic molluscs of the Middle Atlantic Bight based on two years of seasonal data from the continental shelf. Collection and taxa groups are constructed using numerical classification and reciprocal averaging ordination. Discriminant analysis is used to relate surface collection groups to physical variables, then taxa group distribution among these collection groups is analyzed by nodal fidelity analysis. The areal distribution of dominant species is presented by season, as is their surface temperature-salinity distribution. Four communities are recognized on the continental shelf. A subarctic community, including Limacina retroversa, Paedoclione doliiformis, and Clione limacina, is advected down the central shelf region from the northeast. A Gulf Stream community of weak vertical migrators, including Limacina trochiformis, Cavolinia longirostris, Creseis conica, Atlanta peroni, and A. gaudichaudi, is introduced onto the shelf in occasional intrusions across the shelf-edge front. A depth-limited warm-water community of strong vertical migrators, including Limacina inflata, L. bulimoides, L. lesueuri, and Cavolinia inflexa is generally confined offshore of the 100-m isobath since the extent of their daily vertical migration is greater than the bottom depths on the continental shelf. A coastal community, including the larvae of Loligo pealei and of Ensis directus is found in coastal water of local origin and is generally confined within a coastal boundary layer.
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  • 86
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    Dissolution of biogenic carbonates: Effects of skeletal structure (1986)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 71 (3-4). pp. 341-362.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-23
    Description: Dissolution of biogenic shallow-water carbonates exposed on deep-sea moorings indicates that skeletal structure is important for the rate of disintegration of biogenic carbonates, besides mineralogy and grain size of particles. The aragonites and high Mg-calcites used represent a wide spectrum of mineralogies and types of skeletal framework. The particles were deployed at different water depths on a mooring in the Drake Passage for 52 days. Weight loss curves for the various types of particles show the relative importance of the different structural factors for the disintegration of these biogenic carbonates. Organic coatings, intraskeletal pore spaces, and sizes and shapes of individual crystallites in the skeletons may be more important than carbonate mineralogy and particle size in cases. The presence of internal sediments, cement aggregates and natural contaminations and of diatoms incorporated during growth into carbonate skeletons, strongly influence the disintegration of the skeletal materials. The first step of particle disintegration is the selective removal of impurities. This step is analogous to a “cleaning” of specimens. It is succeeded by initial dissolution, by strong dissolution and finally by disintegration.
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  • 87
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    Magnesium in the marine sedimentary environment: Mg-NH4 ion exchange (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 70 (4). pp. 359-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: The release of exchangeable Mg in marine sediments from displacement by ammonium ions was estimated by way of experimentally determining the parameters that govern this ion-exchange equilibrium on solid geochemical phases: smectite, humic acid, illite and opal. We showed that: (a) both the conditional selectivity constant as well as the solid concentration are important parameters in determining the relative contribution of ammonium-exchangeable Mg from smectite, organic matter, illite and opal; and (b) that, except in the cases where opal or organic matter concentrations are very high, the clays are the dominant carrier phases for labile Mg which is exchangeable by ammonium. A model, based on the sum of the contributions from the major geochemical phases present in the sediment reliably predicts the amount of Mg released by exchange with ammonium in marine sediments.
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  • 88
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    Mg-NH4 exchange on humic acid: A radiotracer technique for conditional exchange constants in a seawater medium (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 70 (4). pp. 349-357.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: A radiotracer technique, employing 27Mg, is used to determine the Mg released by ammonium exchange on undis-solved humic acid in a seawater medium. This new method allows for the measurement of exchangeable Mg on the solid phase surface, which eliminates the problem caused by the high-Mg background in the seawater matrix. The precision calculated from the counting statistics is better than ±2%; the reproducibility among repeated counts ranged from ±1% to ±3%. The higher sensitivity of the method allows for monitoring the MgNH4 exchange at concentrations as low as 30 mM NH4. This is a major improvement relative to the data obtained with the analytical methods used so far, which allow detection of exchangeable Mg only at NH4 concentrations higher than 1 M. The lower experimental concentrations are more in accordance with the natural ammonium levels found in anoxic marine sediments. For the undissolved humic acid used in this experiment, the amount of exchangeable Mg in apparent equilibrium with an ammonium-free seawater matrix was found to be 96.6 ± 0.4 meq/100g. The Mg-NH4 exchange on humic acid in seawater comes to a steady-state value in 〈 18 min. The conditional equilibrium constant obtained for this reaction, Kcond = 0.039 ± 0.001 M−1. The technique can be expanded to other geochemical solid phases in seawater and it can be modified to study the behavior of the major cations by using 24Na, 42K and 49Ca.
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  • 89
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    Glacial to interglacial changes in carbonate and clay sedimentation in the Atlantic Ocean estimated from 230Th measurements (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Isotope Geoscience, 46 (2). pp. 97-111.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: The cause of the climatically controlled fluctuations in the carbonate content of deep-sea sediments remains the subject of uncertainty and debate. Three variables are involved: supply of biogenic carbonate, loss by dissolution, and dilution by non-carbonate phases. It is suggested that 230Th, which is produced in the ocean at a constant rate provides a reliable reference for measuring variations in rate of sedimentation on a regional scale. Results of a preliminary analysis based on published data indicate that, for depths at and above the lysocline, the carbonate fluctuations observed in cores from the North Atlantic Ocean are due primarily to variations in the terrigenous clay input, which was 2–5 times higher during glacials than during interglacials. Carbonate deposition appears to have been somewhat reduced during glacials, but probably not by more than a factor of 2. From published 230Th232Th profiles it appears that the South Atlantic Ocean also received increased inputs of terrigenous clay during glacial periods.
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  • 90
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    A comparison of acoustic and rock-magnetic properties of equatorial Atlantic deep-sea sediments: paleoceanographic implications (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94 (3-4). pp. 291-300.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: Compressional-wave (P-wave) velocities and magnetic susceptibilities were measured on gravity (GGC) and piston cores (PC) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 108 advanced piston cores (APC) from the equatorial Atlantic to test our hypothesis that climatically driven changes in terrigenous and biogenic fluxes, and in carbonate dissolution control the interrelationships between the two signals. In Pleistocene sediments deposited above the calcium compensation depth (CCD) we observed changes in P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility that are (1) inversely correlated, and (2) coherent to changes in glacial-interglacial climate. Glacials show low P-wave velocities and relatively high magnetic susceptibilities. In contrast, interglacials show high P-wave velocities and relatively low magnetic susceptibilities. These temporal changes in P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility reflect the climatic history recorded in the sediments and are related to: (1) the production of biogenic carbonate, mainly planktonic foraminifera, and (2) the terrigenous sediment supply that contains magnetic minerals. Below the CCD this pattern disappears and consistently low P-wave velocities and distinctly higher magnetic susceptibilities prevail. The distinct decrease of large P-wave velocity fluctuations is due to the dissolution of carbonate sediments which cause a distinct decrease in sand grain sizes and a consistently low carbonate content (〈 10%). Dilution of magnetic material by the carbonate fraction is minor and the high magnetic susceptibility values and the relatively high amplitude variations in magnetic susceptibility are due to changes in the magnetic mineral concentration of the terrigenous (non-carbonate) fraction. In early Pliocene sediments we also observed covarying velocity and magnetic susceptibility signals that may reflect a predominatly terrigenous control on sedimentation. Our preliminary results demonstrate that a combined use of non-destructive measurements of acoustic and rock-magnetic signals provides a potential paleoceanographic tool for characterizing: (1) glacial-interglacial pelagic sedimentation, (2) pelagic sedimentation above the CCD, (3) increases in carbonate dissolution, and (4) areas below the CCD. Furthermore, rock magnetic fluctuations in sediments below the CCD may provide an important stratigraphic tool for the deep carbonate-free basins of the world's oceans.
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  • 91
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    Methods for the validation of squid age from statoliths (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 505-526.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Growth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis of Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings in Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurley et al. 1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Dawe et al. 1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
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  • 92
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    Influence of 70 Watt Electric Lights on the Capture of Fish By Otter Trawl Off Plymouth (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (03). p. 711.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The effect of two 70 W underwater electric lamps on the catch rate of a commercial bottom otter trawl was determined by comparative trials both at night and in daylight. It was found that, although the overall numbers and weights of fish caught did not differ, most of the species which were caught in large enough numbers for a judgement to be made showed a reaction to light. Three species, Trachurus trachurus, Merlangius merlangus and Trisopterus minutus were attracted and four species, Eutriglagurnardus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius and Limanda limanda were scared off by light. The possible use of lights to further the development of selective commercial bottom trawling by attracting or scaring particular species is discussed.
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  • 93
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    Currents, fronts and eddy fluxes in the Canary Basin (1985)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 14 . pp. 231-257.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Hydrographic data from two cruises in the Canary Basin (Meteor 57, July 1981; Poseidon 86, April 1982) are analysed with respect to current distribution and lateral heat flux in the Azores-Madeira region. The first part of the data base consists of long transects of XBT and G.E.K. measurements between Cape Finisterre (North West Spain) and the northern Canary Basin, where several year-long current meter records exist. Further information is obtained by thermosalinograph surface data and by expendable current profilers (XCP). Geostrophic currents are derived from XBT profiles, using the tight temperature-salinity relationship in the depth range of the Warmwassersphäre. The results compare well with the G.E.K. and XCP current observations. The second part consists of CTD data from an eddy resolving, box-shaped CTD survey (500 × 500 km2) centered at the mooring location (33°N, 22°W), The observations are supplemented by satellite-buoy trajectories. Horizontal parameter distribution is shown in terms of objectively contoured maps. Bands of spatially enhanced energetic structures, seen in the long transects are further resolved by the box survey as a deep jet-like current system cross the Canary Basin in a west-east direction. Associated with this Azores Current is a frontal zone with near-surface temperature and salinity steps of order 2 K and 0.3 practical salinity units. The dynamic topography field can be decomposed into a linear background field, a Rossby wave and a mesoscale eddy field. We find that major contributions to the meridional eddy heat flux are confined to the vicinity of the Azores current frontal zone. It is shown that the principal balance in the temperature equation is between heating by the mean horizontal advection terms and cooling by the eddy flux divergence.
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  • 94
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    Can the Greenland climatic jumps be identified in records from ocean and land? (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 30 (1). pp. 1-6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Sharp jumps in climate punctuate the records from borings in the Greenland ice cap during the time interval 60,000 to about 20,000 yr ago. Rapid fluctuations are also seen in foraminifera records for cores from the northern Atlantic and in a pollen record from a core from a bog in the Vosges Mountains in France. In this paper we present a new radiocarbon chronology for northern Atlantic deep-sea core V23-81 which permits comparison with the radiocarbon-dated Vosges Mountains pollen record. Because of the lack of a 14C chronology for the Greenland ice record and of distortions peculiar to each of the three records, it is not yet possible to say whether or not the events are genetically related.
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  • 95
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    The importance of carbonate content in the acoustic stratigraphy of Panama Basin (1984)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 54 (3-4). pp. 237-247.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-05
    Description: DSDP cores from areas of low (Site 505) and high heat flow (Site 504 B) near the Costa Rica Rift, together with seismic profiles from the Panama Basin, have been studied to determine the relationship between: (1) carbonate content and physical and acoustic properties; and (2) carbonate content, carbonate diagenesis and acoustic stratigraphy. Except for ash and chert layers, bulk density correlates strongly and linearly with carbonate content. Velocity is uniform downcore and only small variations at a small scale are measured. Thus an abrupt change in carbonate content will cause abrupt changes in acoustic impedance and should cause reflectors that can be detected acoustically. A comparison of seismic profiler reflection records with physical properties, carbonate content and reflection coefficients indicates that the main reflectors can be identified with ash layers, diagenetic boundaries, and carbonate content variations. Diagenesis of carbonate sediments is present at Site 504 B in a 260 m-thick ooze—chalk—limestone/chert sequence. These diagenetic sequences occur in areas of higher heat flow (200 mW m−2). Seismic profiler records can be used to map the extent and depth of these diagenetic boundaries.
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  • 96
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    Growth of the spinose planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa in laboratory culture and the effect of temperature on life processes (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67 (02). pp. 343-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Orbulina universa d'Orbigny is a spinose planktonic foraminifer which occurs throughout surface waters of the tropical, subtropical and transition zones of the world ocean (Bé & Tolderlund, 1971). This species is unique among planktonic Foraminifera in that its life cycle is composed of two growth stages. The juvenile stage is a trochospiral form which is enclosed within a terminal spherical chamber in the adult stage. O. universa is relatively omnivorous, and consumes a variety of prey that range in size and quality from phytoplankton to copepods (Bé et al. 1977; Anderson et al. 1979; Spindler et al. 1984). In addition, each individual harbors several thousand zooxanthellae which presumably are an additional source of nutrition for the foraminifer (Be et al. 1977; Hemleben & Spindler, 1983; Spero & Parker, 1985).
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  • 97
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    Compositions of deep-sea ash layers derived from north pacific volcanic arcs: variations in time and space (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 7 (1-2). pp. 107-137.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-12
    Description: Glass separates from 115 ash layers derived from the Kamchatkan (DSDP Site 192; 34 layers), the eastern Aleutian (DSDP Site 183; 56 layers) and the Alaska Peninsula (DSDP Site 178; 25 layers) volcanic arcs have been analyzed for up to 28 elements. In addition, the abundance and diversity of associated mafic phenocrysts have been evaluated. The resulting data set has made possible an evaluation of the late Miocene to Recent changes in composition of ashes derived from North Pacific volcanic arcs and of the factors controlling the evolution of highly siliceous magmas. We find no evidence for a general transition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkalic magma parentage of ashes derived from the volcanic arcs during the last 10 m.y., but instead find 0.1- to 0.5-m.y. intervals during which particular types of volcanism are prevalent. Most convincing is the transition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkalic for ashes derived from Kamchatka during the last 0.8 m.y., a change believed to be associated with a landward shift in the site of magma generation. Considered together, ashes derived from North Pacific volcanic arcs have been becoming more siliceous during the last 1.5 m.y. and may be associated with accelerated subduction during the same time interval. Hydrous phenocrysts (e.g., biotite) are typically associated with low-silica deep-sea ashes, but not with terrestrial volcanic rocks of comparable silica contents, suggesting the important role of water in the evolution of siliceous magma. REE patterns and relative abundances of mafic phenocrysts demonstrate the importance of fractional crystallization in controlling the evolution of highly siliceous arc magmas. REE increase with increasing silica, but become less concentrated in ashes with SiO2 〉 64%. Eu anomalies increase throughout the SiO2 range. Initial fractionation is dominated by clinopyroxene and plagioclase with amphibole strongly influencing fractionation above 64% SiO2.
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  • 98
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    The Light Organs of Sepiola Atlantica and Spirula Spirula (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): Bacterial and Intrinsic Systems in The Order Sepioidea (1981)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61 (04). pp. 901-916.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Symbiotic luminous bacteria have been described in, and cultured from, a number of species offish and cephalopod. Indeed only in these two groups are extracellular luminous bacteria believed to be utilized as a source of light (see Buchner (1965) and Herring (1978) for references). Despite several earlier investigations of such symbioses in cephalopods the bacteria in these animals have not been adequately identified, nor has the extent of their role been clarified. The ultrastructural relationships between bacteria and the tissues of the squid accessory nidamental gland have been investigated in the non-luminous species Loligo pealei (Lesueur) (Bloodgood, 1977) and Sepia officinalis L. (Van den Branden et al. 1979) but no comparative work on luminous species has been undertaken apart from that on Heteroteuthis dispar (Rüppell), whose photophore does not contain typical luminous bacteria (Dilly & Herring, 1978; cf. Leisman, Cohn & Nealson, 1980). The order Sepioidea contains five families, among which are the two families Sepiolidae and Spirulidae. Though the presence of luminous bacteria is known in some sepiolids (as well as in certain loliginids (order Teuthoidea)) some doubt remains about the source of light in the photophore of Spirula spirula Hoyle. The steady luminescence of this species has prompted speculation that bacteria may be involved (Harvey, 1952). In this paper we compare the anatomy and ultrastructure of the photophores of both Sepiola and Spirula in order to clarify some of these problems.
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  • 99
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    Cephalopod Beaks from the Stomachs of Two Northern Bottlenosed Whales (Hyperoodon Ampullatus) (1980)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60 (01). p. 151.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: This is the first detailed analysis of cephalopod beaks from the stomach of a northern bottlenosed whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster, 1770). The digestive action of many predators barely affects the chitinous beaks of cephalopods and some cetaceans accumulate the beaks in considerable numbers in their stomachs. The present beaks are clean and unbroken. Identification of cephalopod beaks from stomachs of predators such as sperm whales (see Clarke, 1977), seals (Clarke & Trillmich, 1980) and albatrosses (Clarke, Croxall & Prince, 1980) throws considerable light on the biology and relative ecological importance of the species of cephalopods concerned as well as providing useful information on the diet of the predators.
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  • 100
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    Calorific Values and Elemental Analysis of Eleven Species of Oceanic Squids (Mollusca:Cephalopoda) (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65 (04). p. 983.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Cephalopods may be divided into five types according to their buoyancy. Members of several families such as the Octopodidae, Loliginidae and Ommastrephidae are negatively buoyant and must swim to stay in midwater and are therefore highly muscular animals. Others have mechanisms to make them neutrally buoyant so they can remain suspended in midwater without effort. Nautilus, Spirula and cuttlefishes have low pressure gas-filled chambers and their flesh is muscular and non-buoyant (Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1973). Squids of one family, the Gonatidae, have a low density oil in their livers to give buoyancy but most of their body is muscular. Some oceanic octopods have very watery tissues in which lighter chloride ions replace sulphate ions (Denton & Shaw, 1961). In 12 of the 26 teuthoid families the buoyancy is provided by low-density ammonia-rich solution in their body and head tissues or in an expanded coelomic cavity (Clarke, Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1979). These ammoniacal squids are extremely abundant in the oceans of the world and form a large part of the diet of birds, cetaceans, seals and fish (Clarke, 1977). When their biomass is estimated from their utilization by predators it is important to know their properties as food and, in particular, their calorific values. As pointed out by Croxall & Prince in a review of the calorific values of cephalopods (1982), all the known values are of muscular, negatively buoyant species because they are of value as food for humans but no measurements have been made on the ammoniacal or oily species which are probably as important, or even more important, in the economy of the ocean (Clarke, 1983).
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