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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contractile properties and ultrastructure of three types of muscle fibre in the dogfish myotome (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 7 (1986), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three main types of fibre can be differentiated in the adult dogfish myotome at the immediate post-anal level. An outer band of muscle consists of 80–90 pale multiply innervated fibres (superficial fibres). These fibres are 80–90 μm in diameter, lack M-lines and have a low Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity. Volume densities of myofibrils (Vv(my,f)) and mitochondria (Vv(mt,f)) are respectively 76 and 9.5%. Beneath this layer are around 8000 red multiply innervated fibres. These have an average diameter of 25–40 μm. Vv(my,f) and Vv(mt,f) are 62 and 21% respectively, and M-lines are present. Around 11000 white focally innervated twitch fibres lie beneath the red fibre zone. White fibres with an average diameter of 80–120 μm have a high Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity and Vv(my,f) and Vv(mt,f) are 78 and 5% respectively. Contractile properties of single skinned fibres were determined at 12° C. Maximum Ca2+ activated tensions (kN m−2) and unloaded contraction speeds (muscle lengths s−1) were 49 and 0.5 for superficial, 70 and 1.4 for red and 180 and 4.4 for white muscle fibres. Superficial fibres have not been reported in other elasmobranchs with the exception of the closely related nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris L.) It is suggested that they are specialized for sustained force generation, having a tonic (postural) rather than a locomotor role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01756201
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmolarity of osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde fixatives (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 4 (1972), S. 331-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis The evidence available to date for the importance of fixative osmolarity is considered together with some observations on the volume changes of crab axons after fixation by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde. The results obtained are compared with those obtained from crab axons and from amphioxus skin cells which had been processed and examined with the electron microscope after initial fixation in fixatives of different composition. It is concluded that the osmolarity of the fixative vehicle is of considerable importance when the fixing agent is glutaraldehyde but is of less importance when the fixing agent is osmium tetroxide or a mixture of the two agents. Preliminary observations upon crab axons fixed with glutaraldehyde in a vehicle approximating to the internal composition of the cells suggest that this approach to the design of fixative vehicles may be useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01005008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stretch receptors in urodele limb muscles (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 249-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stretch receptor ; Urodele amphibia ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-encapsulated, fine beaded nerve endings were found histologically on some muscle fibres in a number of limb muscles in newts and axolotls. They were present in newt muscles that had been chronically de-efferented, and in which no efferent activity survived, and were therefore likely to be sensory. They were located only on muscle fibres on or near the outside surface of the muscle. These small-diameter muscle fibres were characterised histochemically by low lipid, SDH and phosphorylase content; ultrastructurally by low glycogen content, and relatively large myofilaments poorly delimited by a sparse SR. There were many of this type (Type 1) that did not support sensory endings. A few endings occurred on another larger-diameter type of fibre (Type 2) whose properties were opposite to those listed above for Type 1. There was virtually no specialization of muscle fibre structure beneath the sensory endings. Physiological experiments involving ramp-and-hold and sinusoidal stretch applied to the muscle whilst recording single-unit afferent responses in m.ext. dig. III of axolotls showed unit responses very similar to those known from muscle spindles, particularly those of the frog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226663
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelinated synapse-bearing cell bodies in the central nervous system of Scyliorhinus canicula (L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myelin ; Perikarya ; Dogfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Some neurons of the anterior lateral-line lobe of dogfish (Scyliorhinus) have synapse-bearing perikarya enclosed by layers of compact myelin. The identity of these cells, which have myelinated axons and unmyelinated, synapse-bearing dendrites, is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224666
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  • 5
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    The Light Organs of Sepiola Atlantica and Spirula Spirula (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): Bacterial and Intrinsic Systems in The Order Sepioidea (1981)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61 (04). pp. 901-916.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Symbiotic luminous bacteria have been described in, and cultured from, a number of species offish and cephalopod. Indeed only in these two groups are extracellular luminous bacteria believed to be utilized as a source of light (see Buchner (1965) and Herring (1978) for references). Despite several earlier investigations of such symbioses in cephalopods the bacteria in these animals have not been adequately identified, nor has the extent of their role been clarified. The ultrastructural relationships between bacteria and the tissues of the squid accessory nidamental gland have been investigated in the non-luminous species Loligo pealei (Lesueur) (Bloodgood, 1977) and Sepia officinalis L. (Van den Branden et al. 1979) but no comparative work on luminous species has been undertaken apart from that on Heteroteuthis dispar (Rüppell), whose photophore does not contain typical luminous bacteria (Dilly & Herring, 1978; cf. Leisman, Cohn & Nealson, 1980). The order Sepioidea contains five families, among which are the two families Sepiolidae and Spirulidae. Though the presence of luminous bacteria is known in some sepiolids (as well as in certain loliginids (order Teuthoidea)) some doubt remains about the source of light in the photophore of Spirula spirula Hoyle. The steady luminescence of this species has prompted speculation that bacteria may be involved (Harvey, 1952). In this paper we compare the anatomy and ultrastructure of the photophores of both Sepiola and Spirula in order to clarify some of these problems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Reinforcement of Polymers with Carbon Nanotubes:  The Role of Nanotube Surface Area (2004)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-07
    Print ISSN: 1530-6984
    Electronic ISSN: 1530-6992
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
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