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  • Other Sources  (10,366)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (6,235)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3,867)
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  • 1990-1994  (10,347)
  • 1930-1934  (19)
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  • 1
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    Untersuchungen zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung und ihrem Umfeld - was bringen sie uns Neues? (1994)
    In:  DGG Mittlg., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 2-40, pp. 2122
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Geoelectrics ; magneto-tellurics ; KTB ; Review article ; Project report/description ; Kueck ; Kuck ; Joedicke ; Jodicke ; tensor
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Japan Sea, opening history and mechanism: A synthesis (1994)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., San Francisco, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 22237-22259, pp. TC1011, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Tectonics ; backarc ; spreading ; Subduction zone ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Mechanics of earthquakes (1994)
    In:  Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 22, no. 50, pp. 207-237, pp. 2265, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Source ; ANREV
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    The geomagnetic eccentric dipole: Facts and fallacies (1994)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Stuttgart, Pergamon, vol. 118, no. 8, pp. 671-679, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Geomagnetics ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Preface: Tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean (1994)
    In:  Tectonophys., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 234, no. 1-4, pp. 1-4, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Turkey
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Spinoff from high energy physics (1994)
    In:  CERN Courier, Stuttgart, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 7-14, pp. L17311, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; physics ; politics ; funding ; public ; relations
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Introduction to special section on tectonics and topography (1994)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 12135-12141, pp. L09603, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Can seismology tell us anything about convection in the mantle? (1994)
    In:  Rev. Geophys., Paris, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 32, no. 1-2, pp. 115-137, pp. L01306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismology ; ConvolutionE ; GeodesyY ; Tomography ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    geophysical science alive and well in Georgia (1994)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Warszawa, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 75, no. 22, pp. 250, pp. L12S07, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Applied geophysical inversion (1994)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Münster, 3, vol. 116, no. 32, pp. 5-11, pp. L11609, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Inversion ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Nature of deep crustal shear zones (1994)
    In:  Phys. of the Solid Earth, Oslo, Wiley, vol. 29, no. B8, pp. 1009-1015, pp. B08303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Review article ; Physical properties of rocks ; Fault zone
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Anelastic tomography: A new perspective on upper mantle thermal structure (1994)
    In:  Earth planet. Sci. Lett., Oslo, Wiley, vol. 128, no. 23, pp. 113-121, pp. L02304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Inelastic ; Tomography ; Geothermics ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    New methods using dislocation theory (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 265-274, pp. 1008, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Where can one hope to profitably apply the ideas of chaos? (1994)
    In:  Physics Today, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 24-30, pp. 1517, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Chaotic behaviour ; Dynamic ; Review article
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  • 15
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    Imaging Earth's seismic response at long periods (1994)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Luxembourg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 75, no. 39, pp. 449, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismology ; Surface waves ; Review article
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  • 16
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    Project images crust, collects seismic data in world's largest borehole (1994)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Amsterdam, Polish Geothermal Association, vol. 75, no. 41, pp. 473, pp. B01405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Borehole geophys. ; Vertical seismic profiling ; Reflection seismics
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  • 17
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    Short-term earthquake precursors (1994)
    In:  Phys. of the Solid Earth, Stockholm, Westholsteinische Verlagsanstalt Boyens & Co. Heide i. H., vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 809-812, pp. 8044, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Seismicity modeling and earthquake prediction: A review (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 24, no. 231, pp. 7-13, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Modelling ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; criticality ; Review article ; Chaotic behaviour ; FractureT
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  • 19
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    Relations between crustal electrical anomalies and tectonic/geochemical processes (1994)
    Project Management of the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Fed. Rep. of Germany in the Geological Surv. of Lower Saxony
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Contributions to the 7th Annual KTB-Colloquium: Geoscientific Results, Gießen 1st-2nd June 1994, Hannover, Project Management of the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Fed. Rep. of Germany in the Geological Surv. of Lower Saxony, vol. 2, no. XVI:, pp. Paper A 129 - A 134, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Geoelectrics ; Tectonics ; Geochemistry
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  • 20
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    The KTB location and models of the crustal structure (1994)
    Project Management of the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Fed. Rep. of Germany in the Geological Surv. of Lower Saxony
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Contributions to the 7th Annual KTB-Colloquium: Geoscientific Results, Gießen 1st-2nd June 1994, Hannover, Project Management of the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Fed. Rep. of Germany in the Geological Surv. of Lower Saxony, vol. 65, no. XVI:, pp. Paper A 35 - A 44, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Fault zone ; Tectonics ; Review article
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  • 21
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    Chaos: A historical perspective (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Geophysical Phenomena, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 1-5, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Non-linear effects ; Chaotic behaviour
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  • 22
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    Existence and uniqueness of Stoneley waves (1994)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 118, no. 11, pp. 279-284, pp. 1416, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Waves ; Review article ; Channel waves ; GJI
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  • 23
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    Introduction to the special section Northeast Japan: A case history of subduction (1994)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 22137-22145, pp. L16602, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Review article ; JGR
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  • 24
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    Die Entwicklung der Erde (1994)
    In:  Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Tokyo, Am. Geophys. Union, vol. 87, no. 5946, pp. 36-43, pp. 8043
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; climate ; Review article ; Geol. aspects ; Allegre ; SdW
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  • 25
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    Introduction to special section on volcanic and hydrothermal processes on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge (1994)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Münster, 3, vol. 99, no. 11, pp. 4735-4740, pp. L11308, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Volcanology ; Geothermics ; Fluids ; Fault zone ; Plate tectonics ; JGR
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  • 26
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    Recent geodynamics, neotectonics, and seismicity in China (1994)
    In:  Phys. of the Solid Earth, Warszawa, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment,, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 823-833, pp. 1567, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Review article ; Tectonics
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  • 27
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    The North Aegean region: A tectonic paradox? (1994)
    In:  Terra nova, Philadelphia, Wiley, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 37-44, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics
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  • 28
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    The global hotspot distribution and instability of D'' (1994)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 21(14), no. 28, pp. 1507-1510, pp. 2131, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; plume ; Seismology ; earth mantle ; Volcanology ; ConvolutionE ; GRL
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  • 29
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    Erdbebenprognostik - neue Ansätze zur Abwehr drohender Katastrophen (1994)
    In:  Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Veldhoven, Am. Inst. of Physics, vol. 17, no. August, pp. 114-119, pp. 2141, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Project report/description ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Review article ; SdW
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  • 30
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    Die Kern-Mantel-Grenze: Schaltstelle der Geodynamik (1994)
    In:  Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Veldhoven, Am. Inst. of Physics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 64-72, pp. 2141, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: CMB ; earth Core ; earth mantle ; Review article ; SdW
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  • 31
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    The development of science this century: 3 - From 1970 to the near future (1994)
    In:  CERN Courier, Hannover, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 3-7, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; basic ; applied ; research ; fund ; raising
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  • 32
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    Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG (1994)
    Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, Geodetic Soc. of Japan
    In:  Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, Geodetic Soc. of Japan, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 33
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    Linked fault systems; extensional, strike-slip and contractional (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 54, no. 16, pp. 121-142, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Geol. aspects ; Review article
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  • 34
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    Earthquake mechanism and predictability shown by a laboratory fault (1994)
    Birkhäuser
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Faulting, Friction, and Earthquake Mechanics, Part 2, Basel, Birkhäuser, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 457-482, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Laboratory measurements ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Source
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  • 35
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    Craton tectonics, stress and seismicity (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 200-222, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Stress ; Seismicity ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Review article
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  • 36
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    Piezomagnetic fields produced by dislocation sources (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 1034, no. GL-TR-89-0153, pp. 325, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 37
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    Continental strike-slip tectonics (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 54, no. 16, pp. 251-263, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Fault zone ; Review article
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  • 38
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    Ductile deformation processes (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 1-27, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Rheology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Tectonics ; Review article
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  • 39
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    Repeated precise gravity measurements in the Friuli seismic risk area (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2211, pp. 9-14
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 40
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    Inversion of initial stresses from deformations of tunnel surface during tunneling - Modeling by using SRM combined with Boundary Element Method (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2231, pp. 285-291
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 41
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    The global positioning system as a useful technique for measuring ground deformations in volcanic areas (1994)
    In:  J. Volc. Geoth. Res., Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 267-280, pp. L11307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Global Positioning System ; Geodesy ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Volcanology ; Review article
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  • 42
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    Seismotectonics of the Mediterranean region (1994)
    In:  Advances in Geophys., Taipei, EGS, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 121-209, pp. 8039, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Plate tectonics ; Review article ; Udias
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  • 43
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    The development of science this century: 2 - From 1946 to 1970 (1994)
    In:  CERN Courier, Hannover, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 9-14, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; fundamental ; applied ; funding ; research ; policy
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  • 44
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    Fault slip analysis and palaeostress reconstruction (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 37, pp. 53-100, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Stress ; Geol. aspects ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Fault zone ; Review article
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  • 45
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    Palaeostress analysis of small-scale brittle structures (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 101-120, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Stress ; Geol. aspects ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Review article
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  • 46
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    Brittle crack propagation (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 4, no. 231, pp. 43-52, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Rock mechanics ; Fracture ; Review article
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  • 47
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    Priorities of earthquake research may be on shaky ground (1994)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Hannover, Polish Geothermal Association, vol. 75, no. 22, pp. 249, pp. 1051, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; ENDNOTE?
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    Continental collision (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 264-288, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Review article
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  • 49
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    Development of plate motion models and space geodetic techniques (1994)
    IASPEI
    In:  Poster presented at 27th General Assembly International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior, 10-21 Jan. 1994, Wellington, New Zealand, IASPEI, vol. 10, no. 18, pp. 1-226
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Modelling ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; LASER ; ranging ; Review article
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  • 50
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    Tectonic implication of Akaishi mountains uplift and related problems in prediction of the future Tokai earthquake (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. 1254, pp. 235-239, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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    Crustal movement characteristics research in Yunnan, China - Global Positioning System campaigns in 1988 and 1991 (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 79-431, pp. 321-324, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 52
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    Global Positioning System observation in south west Hokkaido, Japan after the occurrence of the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-92-2005, pp. 229-231, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 53
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    Simulated empirical law of seismic crustal deformation (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 2-87/88, pp. 325, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 54
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    Coseismic crustal movement in a spherically symmetric earth (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Dec. 6-11, 1993, Kobe, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 2-87/88, pp. 275-278, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 55
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    Detection of earthquake forerunners using Global Positioning System (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-88-0322, pp. 241-244, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 56
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    Regional crustal movements before and after the Japanese seismo-volcanic activity observed by Global Positioning System fixed-point network (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. 87-437, pp. 85, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 57
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    Recent crustal movement and interplate coupling in the forthcoming Tokai earthquake source region, central Japan (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 339-350, no. GL-TR-89-0194, pp. 344, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 58
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    Scientific rationale for establishment of an international program of continental scientific drilling (1994)
    International Lithosphere Program - Coordinating Committee Continental Drilling (CC4)
    In:  report of the International Meeting on Continental Scientific Drilling (ICCD), Aug. 30 - Sept. 1, 1993 in Potsdam, Pittsburgh, International Lithosphere Program - Coordinating Committee Continental Drilling (CC4), vol. 10, no. 23, pp. 601-602, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Proceedings of a conference ; Borehole geophys. ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Project report/description ; GeodesyY ; Review article ; BIBTEX?
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  • 59
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    Deep scientific drilling in the San Andreas fault zone (1994)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 137, pp. B10401, (ISSN 0343-5164)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Borehole geophys. ; Project report/description
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  • 60
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    Conference explores mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting (1994)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 75, no. 37, pp. 426, pp. B10401, (ISSN 0343-5164)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Project report/description ; Fluids ; Fracture ; Review article
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  • 61
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    Crustal movements associated with the volcanic activity in the northeastern Izu peninsula during 1978-1993 (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2126, pp. 260, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 62
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    Displacement fields mapped by radar interferometry (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. No. 2207, pp. 139-145, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Massonet
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  • 63
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    Coseismic surface displacement vs. magnitude: Relationships from paleoseismological analyses in the Central Apennines (Italy) (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. GL-TR-89-0147, pp. 375-380, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 64
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    Deformation of the Himalaya and Tibetan plateau as evaluated with numerical modeling (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 1034, no. GL-TR-89-0153, pp. 293-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 65
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    Fault creep and gravity changes before and after the Tangshan earthquake (Ms = 7.8) in 1976 (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 83-179, pp. 279-284, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 66
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    The convergent African/Eurasian plate boundary and associated crustal movements: Global Positioning System investigations in the Calabrian and West Hellenic Arcs (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. C86, vol. 5, pp. 333-342, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy ; Muller
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  • 67
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    Special Section: Tectonics and Topography Part 3 (1994)
    In:  Reykjavík, pp. 20061
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Review article
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  • 68
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    Neotectonics (1994)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Continental Deformation, Oxford, Pergamon Press, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 370-409, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Tectonics ; Stress ; Review article
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  • 69
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    Modern crustal movement in China reflected by active tectonics and earthquake ruptures (1994)
    The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93
    In:  Proceedings of the 8th Internat. Symp. on Recent Crustal Movements (CRCM '93) of IUGG and IAG, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 10, no. 302, pp. 373-374
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    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Dislocation ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Subduction zone ; Inelastic ; Anisotropy
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  • 70
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    Calculations of the outflow velocity of envelopes of cool giants (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We study the transfer of momentum from photons to dust grains to (molecular) gas in the outflow around cool giants (carbon-stars, Mira variables and OH/IR stars) beyond the radius where the dust grains condense. The problem is circular: radiation pressure determines the outflow velocity of the dust and thus also the dust density; on the other hand the dust density determines, via radiative transfer effects, the spectrum of the photons and thus the effective radiation pressure. This circular problem is solved by a rapidly converging iterative procedure. We compare our predictions with observed properties of a large sample of OH/IR stars and of Miras and find a good qualitative and quantitative agreement. We confirm a conclusion by Wood et al. (1993) that very luminous OH/IR stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) owe their low outflow velocity to the low dust-to-gas ratio, a consequence of the low metallicity of the LMC. Similarly we consider a sample of about 100 OH/IR stars within 200 pc from the galactic center that has an average asymptotic giant branch (AGB) luminosity and an uncommonly high value of v(sub out); we conclude that these stars are probably very metal rich, perhaps even more than the stars in the Baade window studied by Rich (1990).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 286; 2; p. 523-534
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    A cheaper, faster, better way to detect water of hydration on Solar System bodies (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The 3.0-micrometers water of hydration absorption feature observed in the IR photometry of many low-albedo and some medium-albedo asteroids strongly correlates with the 0.7-micrometers Fe(+2) to Fe(+3) oxidized iron absorption feature observed in narrowband spectrophotometry of these asteroids. Using this relationship, an empirical algorithm for predicting the presence of water of hydration in the surface material of a Solar System body using photometry obtained through the Eight-Color Asteroid Survey nu (0.550 micrometers), w (0.701 micrometers), and x (0.853 micrometers) filters was developed and applied to the ECAS photometry of asteroids and outer planet satellites. The percentage of objects in low-albedo, outer main-belt asteroid classes that test positively for water of hydration increases from P to B to C to G class and correlates linearly with the increasing mean albedos of those objects testing positively. The medium-albedo M-class asteroids do not test positively in large number using this algorithm. Aqueously altered asteroids dominate the Solar System population between heliocentric distances of 2.6 to 3.5 AU, bracketing the Solar System region where the aqueous alteration mechanism operated most strongly. One jovian satellite, J VI Himalia, and one saturnian satellite. Phoebe, tested positively for water of hydration, supporting the hypothesis that these may be captured C-class asteroids from a postaccretional dispersion. The proposed testing technique could be applied to an Earth-based survey of asteroids or a space-probe study of an asteroid's surface characteristic in order to identify a potential water source.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 111; 2; p. 456-467
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    The relationship between the magnetic field in the Martian magnetotail and upstream solar wind parameters (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Magnetic field data measured by the MAGMA instrument in the Martian magnetotail lobes are compared with the ram pressure of the upstream solar wind observed by the TAUS instrument in the circular orbits of the Phobos 2 spacecraft. High correlation was found between the magnetic field intensity in the Martian magnetotail lobes and the solar wind ram pressure. From this relationship the average flaring angle of the Martian magnetotail was determined as approximately 13 deg, and the average magnetosonic Mach number was estimated as approximately 5. The observed relationship between the Martian magnetotail magnetic field intensity and the solar wind magnetic field reflects the correlation of the solar wind magnetic field to the ram pressure providing a value of approximately 7 for the average Alfvenic Mach number. The flaring angle obtained for the Martian magnetotail was found to be an intermediate value between the flaring angle of the magnetotail of the Earth and that of Venus at comparable distances.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A9; p. 17,199-17,204
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    Infrared spectoscopy of Triton and Pluto ice analogs: The case for saturated hydrocarbons (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The infrared transmission spectra and photochemical behavior of various organic compounds isolated in solid N2 ices, appropriate for applications to Triton ad Pluto, are presented. It is shown that excess absorption in the surface spectra of Triton and Pluto, i.e., absorption not explained by present models incorporating molecules already identified on these bodies (N2, CH4, CO, and CO2), that starts near 4450/cm (2.25 microns) and extends to lower frequencies, may be due to alkanes (C(n)H(2n+2)) and related molecules frozen in the nitrogen. Branched and linear alkanes may be responsible. Experiments in which the photochemstry of N2: CH4 and N2: CH4: CO ices was explored demonsrtrate that the surface ices of Triton and Pluto may contain a wide variety of additional species containing H, C, O, and N. Of these, the reactive molecule diazomethane, CH2N2, is particularly important since it may be largely responsible for the synthesis of larger alkanes from CH4 and other small alkanes. Diazomethane would also be expected to drive chemical reactions involving organics in the surface ices of Triton and Pluto toward saturation, i.e., to reduce multiple CC bonds. The positions and intrinsic strengths (A values) of many of the infrared absorption bands of N2 matrix-isolated molecules of relevance to Triton and Pluto have also been determined. These can be used to aid in their search and to place constraints on their abundances.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 111; 1; p. 151-173
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    A 360-degree and -order model of Venus topography (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This report presents the most recent spherical harmonic topography model of Venus developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It was produced by a spherical harmonic analysis of the most complete set of Magellan altimetry data, augmented by Pioneer Venus and Venera data. The harmonic coefficients of the topography were computed to degree and order 360. Compared to previous topography models, this one has the highest correlation with the gravity field of Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 112; 1; p. 27-33
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    Evidence for active hotspots on Venus from analysis of Magellan gravity data (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The 500-Myr average crater retention age for Venus has raised questions about the present-day level of tectonic activity. In this study we examine the relationship between the gravity and topography of four large volcanic swells, Beta, Atla, Bell, and Western Eistla Regiones, for clues about their stage evolution. The Magellan line-of-sight gravity data are inverted using a point mass model of the anomalous mass to solve for the local vertical gravity field. Spectral admittance calculated from both the local gravity inversions and a spherical harmonic model is compared to three models of compensation: local compensation, a 'flexural' model with local and regional compensation of surface and subsurface loads, and a 'hotspot' model of compensation that includes top loading by volcanoes and subsurface loading due to a deep, low density mass anomaly. The coherence is also calculated in each region, but yields an elastic thickness estimate only at Bell Regio. In all models, the long wavelengths are compensated locally. Our results may indicate a relatively old, possibly inactive plume.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 112; 1; p. 2-26
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    Focused interplanetary transport of approximately 1 MeV solar energetic protons through self-generated Alfven waves (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We present a model of the focused transport of approximately 1 MeV solar energetic protons through interplanetary Alfven waves that the protons themselves amplify or damp. It is based on the quasi-linear theory but with a phenomenological pitch angle diffusion coefficient in the 'resonance gap.' For initial Alfven wave distributions that give mean free paths greater than approximately 0.5 AU for approximately 1 MeV protons in the inner heliosphere, the model predicts greater than roughly an order of magnitude amplification (damping) in the outward (inward) propagating resonant Alfven waves at less than or approximately equal to o.3 AU heliocentric distance. As the strength of proton source is increased, the peak differential proton intensity at approximately 1 MeV at 1 AU increases to a maximum of approximately 250 particles (/(sq cm)(s)(sr)(MeV)) and then decreases slowly. It may be attenuated by a factor of 5 or more relative to the case without wave evolution, provided that the proton source is sufficiently intense that the resulting peak differential intensity of approximately 1 MeV protons at 1 AU exceeds approximately 200 particles (/(sq cm)(s)(sr)(MeV)). Therefore, in large solar proton events, (1) one may have to take into account self-amplified waves in studying solar particle propagation, (2) the number of accelerated protons escaping from a flare or interplanetary shock may have been underestimated in past studies by a significant factor, and (3) accelerated protons escaping from a traveling interplanetary shock at r less than or approximately equal to 0.3 AU should amplify the ambient hydromagnetic waves siginificantly to make the shock an efficient accelerator, even if initially the mean free path is greater than or approximately equal to 1 AU.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 424; 2; p. 1032-1048
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  • 77
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    One-photon annihilation of thermal positrons with bound atomic electrons (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Direct one-photon annihilation rate of positrons with a bound atomic electron is evaluated in the nonrelativistic limit. The K- and L-shell contributions are estimated including the screening and effective Coulomb repulsion effects. The annihilation rate of thermal positrons is calculated for various temperatures. The total number of one-photon annihilation events in the interstellar medium is discussed. These results provide the directional and structural information for cosmic gamma-ray sources.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 424; 2; p. 988-990
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    Origin of tektites (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The origin of tektites has been obscure because of the following dilemma. The application of physical principles to the data available on tektites points strongly to origin from one or more lunar volcanoes; but few glasses of tektite composition have hitherto been reported from the lunar samples. Instead, the lunar silicic glasses consist chiefly of a material very rich in K2O and poor in MgO. The ratio of K2O/MgO is higher in these glasses than in any tektites reported. The solution of the dilemma seems to come from the study of some recently discovered terrestrial deposits of tektite glass with high values of K2O/MgO at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary. These glasses are found to be very vulnerable to crystallization into sandine or to alteration to smectite. These end products are known and are more abundant than any terrestrial deposits of tektite glass. It seems possible that, in fact, the moon produces tektite glass, mostly of the high K2O-low MgO type; but on Earth these deposits are destroyed. The much less abundant deposits with lower K and higher Mg are observed because they survive. Other objections to the lunar origin hypothesis appear to be answerable.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 1; p. 73-78
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  • 79
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    Radiative shock overstability of finite-sized objects (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We investigate the radiative shock overstability for finite-sized objects. We follow the analysis of Chevalier & Imamura (1982), but we take into account the transverse flow of material out of the potshock region. The mass loss from the postshock region stabilizes the flow. As a rough estimate, the shock radiative instability takes place when the shock wave position with no radiative cooling (only mass loss present) is larger than the shock position with no mass loss (only radiative cooling present). For typical conditions of planetary nebulae we find that in order for the shock radiative overstability to occur, the nebular radius should be R approximately less than 10(exp 19) n(sub a)(exp -1) cm, where n(sub alpha) is the total number density of the interstellar medium (in units of cm(exp -3). We give several examples of interacting planetary nebulae in light of this condition.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 434; 1; p. 262-267
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  • 80
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    Spectral study of GX 339-4 in the low-intensity state observed with Ginga (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The energy spectra of the black-hole candidate GX 339-4 in the low-intensity state were observed on four occasions through 1989 to 1991 with the Large Area Counter on board the Ginga satellite. The spectra showed significant deviations from a power-law, with an iron K(sub alpha) emission line at approximetaly 6.4 keV and a broad iron K-edge structure above approximately 7 keV. The enrgy spectra above approximately 4 keV were successfully explained with a reflection model, in which part of the incident X-rays with a power-law spectrum is Compton reflected by optically thick matter, resulting in a harder continuum component with iron K-edge absorption and an iron flourescent line. The line equivalent width with respect to the reflection component decreases as the source flux increases. This is consistent with an increase in the ionization state of the material, so that resonant absorption followed by Auger ionization depletes the line. The photon-index of the power-law component was clearly variable, and it correlated with the relative amount of the reflection component. Such a correlation may be explained in the context of the anisotropic Comptonization models of Haardt et al. (1993), or by a variation of the relative geometry of the source and disk.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264); 46; 1; p. 107-115
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  • 81
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    Possible radio wave precursors associated with the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9/Jupiter impacts (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We suggest that prior to its impact with Jupiter, comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 will behave as an electrical generator in the Jovian magnetosphere, converting planetary rotational energy to electrical energy via a dust/plasma interaction. This electrical energy will then be deposited in the dayside auroral region where it may drive various auroral phenomena including cyclotron radio emission. Such emission could be detected by spacecraft like Ulysses and Galileo many hours prior to the actual comet impact with the upper atmosphere. We apply the theory originally developed to explain the spokes in Saturn's rings. This theory allows us to quantify the driving potential associated with the comet and, consequently, to determine the radio power created in the auroral region. We conclude that if enough fine dust is present in the cometary system, comet-induced auroral radio emissions will reach detectable levels. This emission should be observable in the dayside hemisphere about 12-24 hours prior to each fragment impact.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 11; p. 1067-1070
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  • 82
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    Cosmic microwave background dipole spectrum measured by the COBE FIRAS instrument (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) has determined the dipole spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) from 2 to 20/cm. For each frequency the signal is decomposed by fitting to a monopole, a dipole, and a Galactic template for approximately 60% of the sky. The overall dipole spectrum fits the derivative of a Planck function with an amplitude of 3.343 +/- 0.016 mK (95% confidence level), a temperature of 2.714 +/- 0.022 K (95% confidence level), and an rms deviation of 6 x 10(exp -9) ergs/sq cm/s/sr cm limited by a detector and cosmic-ray noise. The monopole temperature is consistent with that determined by direct measurement in the accompanying article by Mather et al.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 420; 2; p. 445-449
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  • 83
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    Relative emission-line strengths for the 146 and 63 micron transitions in O I and a comparison with far-infrared observations of photodissociation regions (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Theoretical O I density-sensitive emission-line ratios R = I(2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 0))-((2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 1)))/I((2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 1))-(2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 2))) = I(146 micrometers)/I(63 micrometers) are presented for a range of temperatures (T = 100-10,000 K), neutral hydrogen densities (N(sub H) = 10(exp -2) to 10(exp 7)/cu cm) and radiation fields (G(sub 0) = 1-10(exp 6)) applicable to both photodissociation regions (PDRs) and H II regions and the diffuse ionized medium (DIM). The observed values of R for several PDRs, measured from far-infrared spectra obtained with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), imply hydrogen densities which are in good agreement with those determined using other methods. This provides observational support for the validity of the theoretical O I line ratios, and hence the atomic data used in their derivation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 434; 2; p. 811-815
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  • 84
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    Evidence, age, and thickness of a frozen Paleolake in Utopia Planitia, Mars (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Recent mapping studies west of Elysium Mons, Mars, have pinpointed subice features that suggest the existence of a frozen paleolake in Utopia Planitia as recently as 1.8 billion years ago. The subice features are interpreted to be hyaloclastic ridges and hills, table moutains, associated joekulhalaup deposits, and fluvial channels. Photoclinometric studies of these features and of a basal scarp around the northwest flank of Elysium Mons interpreted to have been an ice-sheet boundary indicate that the maximum thickness of ice within the basin may have been about 180 m. This thickness of ice during a relatively late stage of Martian geologic history would have important implications concerning the atmospheric, the climatic, and possibly the exobiologic history of the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 109; 2; p. 393-406
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  • 85
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    Detection of the overtone of the 3.3 micron emission feature in IRAS 21282+5050 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The 1.6-1.8 micron spectrum of the planetary nebula, IRAS 21282+5050, a strong emitter of the unidentified interstellar bands, contains a 0.02 micron wide eimission feature centered at 1.680 micron, which is well matched by laboratory spectra of the 0-2 CH stretching mode in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We identify the new feature as the overtone of the well-known 3.3 micron band. In view of the high excitation required for emission in this band, the identification indicates that the emission is by free molecules rather than molecular moieties in solid dust grains. Modeling of the intensity ratio of the 2-0 to 1-0 band implied that the PAHs emitting in these bands contain about 60 carbon atoms. It is inferred that the nu = 2-1 hot band of the CH stretching mode occurs at about 3.43 micron and contributes to the long-wavelength shoulder of the 3.40 micron feature. The main 3.40 micron feature probably is due to aliphatic sidegroups on PAH molecules.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 434; 1; p. L15-L18
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  • 86
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    Nonlinear stability of Halley comethosheath with transverse plasma motion (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Weakly nonlinear Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the Halley cometosheath determined by the balance between the outward ion-neutral drag force and the inward Lorentz force is investigated including the transverse plasma motion as observed in the flanks with the help of the method of multiple scales. The eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions are obtained for the linear problem and the time evolution of the amplitude is obtained using the solvability condition for the solution of the second order problem. The diamagnetic cavity boundary and the adjacent layer of about 100 km thickness is found unstable for the travelling waves of certain wave numbers. Halley ionopause has been observed to have strong ripples with a wavelength of several hundred kilometers. It is found that nonlinear effects have stabilizing effect.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 222; 1-2; p. 113-125
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  • 87
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    Molecular rotational line profiles from oxygen-rich red giant winds (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We have developed a radiative transfer model of the dust and gas envelopes around late-type stars. The gas kinetic temperature for each star is calculated by solving equations of motion and the energy balance simultaneously. The main processes include viscous heating and adiabatic and radiative cooling. Heating is dominated by viscosity as the grains stream outward through the gas, with some contribution in oxygen-rich stars by near-IR pumping of H2O followed by collisional de-excitation in the inner envelope. For O-rich stars, rotational H2O cooling is a dominant mechanism in the middle part of the envelope, with CO cooling being less significant. We have applied our model to three well-studied oxygen-rich red giant stars. The three stars cover a wide range of mass-loss rates, and hence they have different temperature structures. The derived temperature structures are used in calculating CO line profiles for these objects. Comparison of the dust and gas mass-loss rates suggests that mass-loss rates are not constant during the asymptotic giant branch phase. In particular, the results show that the low CO 1-0 antenna temperatures of OH/IR stars reflect an earlier phase of much lower mass-loss rate.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 435; 2; p. 852-863
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  • 88
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    Gamma-ray and millimeter-wave emissions from the 1991 June X-class solar flares (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We have studied the spectacular 1991 June X-class flares using gamma-ray data from the Charged Particle Detectors (CPDs) of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) and 80 GHz millimeter data from Nobeyama, Japan. The CPDs were the only CGRO instrument that did not saturate during the extremely intense 1991 June 4 flare. We have shown that for this flare the CPDs respond to MeV photons, most of which are due to bremsstrahlung produced by relativistic electrons at the Sun. We have further shown that the gamma-ray and millimeter observations agree numerically if the 80 GHz radiation is gyrosynchrotron radiation produced by trapped electrons and the gamma rays are thick-target bremsstrahlung due to electrons precipitating out of the trap. The requirement that the trapping time obtained from the numerical comparison be consistent with the observed time profiles implies a magnetic field between about 200 and 300 G and an electron spectral index between about 3 to 5. By comparing the CPD observations with both the 80 GHz data and nuclear line data from the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) and the Oriented Scintillation Spectroscopy Experiment (OSSE) on CGRO for the flares of June 4, 6, 9, and 11, we found that the ratio of the CPD counts to both the millimeter flux densities and the nuclear line fluences decreases with decreasing flare heliocentric angle. All of these flares were produced in the same active region. We interpreted this result in terms of a loop model in which the gyrosynchrotron emission is produced in the coronal portion of the loop where the electrons are kept isotropic by pitch angle scattering due to plasma turbulence, while the bremsstrahlung is produced by precipitating electrons that interact anisotropically. We found that the trapping time in the coronal portion is time dependent, reaching a minimum of about 10 s at the peak of the CPD count rate. We suggested the damping of the turbulence as a possible reason for the variation of the trapping time. turbulence as a possible reason for the variation of the trapping time.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 436; 2; p. 941-949
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  • 89
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    Implications of the BATSE data for a helocentric origin of gamma-ray bursts (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Several possible models have been suggested to explain the observed distribution of gamma-ray bursts: heliocentric distributions such as the Oort cloud, large galactic halos, and cosmological models. We report here on an investigation into the implications of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) gamma-ray burst distribution (Meegan et al. 1992a) data on the possible helocentric origin of gamma-ray bursts. We find no statistically significant anisotropy in the angular distribution of the bursts in a Sun-referenced coordinate system; there is no dipole moment in the direction of the Sun, and no quardrupole moment associated with the ecliptic plane. We have employed direct analytic calculations and Monte Carlo simulations of sources in the Oort cloud to constrain possible helicentric burst distributions. These can produce distributions consistent with the observed angular isotropy, the meal value of V/V(sub max), and the observed C/C(sub min) distribution of BATSE, and provide limits to burst energy of a few times approximately 10(exp 27) ergs. However, the agreement of the heliocentric C/C(sub min) distributions with the BATSE data is attributable to the relatively limited sampling of strong, nearby bursts. These bursts are known from observation to be homogeneously distributed, yet the density of sources in the Oort cloud is not constant in this region. Integral number-intensity distributions from the Oort cloud for larger numbers of bursts cannot reproduce the known homogeneity of the strong bursts without modification to the computed cometary number density and are therefore unlikely explanations of the gamma-ray burst distribution.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 429; 1; p. 319-324
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  • 90
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    Electric currents in the subsolar region of the Venus lower ionosphere (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ion and electron momentum equations, along with Ampere's law, are solved for the ion and electron drift velocities and the electric field in the subsolar Venus ionosphere, assuming a partially ionized gas and a single ion species having the ion mean mass. All collision terms among the ions, electrons and neutral particles are retained in the equations. A general expression for the evolution of the magnetic field is derived and compared with earlier expressions. Subsolar region data in the altitude range 150-300 km from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter are used to calculate altitude profiles of the components of the current due to the electric field, gradients of pressure, and gravity. Altitude profiles of the ion and electron velocities as well as the electric field, electrodynamic heating, and the energy density are determined. Only orbits having a complete set of measured plasma temperatures and densities, neutral densities, and magnetic field were considered for analysis; the results are shown only for orbit 202. The vertical velocity at altitudes above 220 km is upgoing for orbit 202. This result is consistent with observations of molecular ions at high altitudes and of plasma flow to the nightside, both of which require upward velocity of ions from the dayside ionosphere. Above about 230 km the momentum equations are extremely sensitive to the altitude profiles of density, temperature, and magnetic field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); p. 8791-8800
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  • 91
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    ASCA observations of the warm absorber in MCG-6-30-15: The discovery of a change in column density (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We report the first X-ray observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 obtained at medium spectral resolution. The partially-ionized, 'warm' absorber is resolved and shown to be due to O VII and O VIII. The main absorption edge agrees with that of O VII at the redshift of the galaxy to within 1%. The column density of the absorbing material is greater by a factor of 2 in the first of our two obsevations, which were 3 weeks apart, while the mean flux is slightly lower and the ionization parameter slightly higher. We also discuss the flourescent iron emssion line seen in the source, which is at 6.40 keV. The line is significantly broadened, with a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of about 0.4 keV.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264); 46; 3; p. L59-L63
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  • 92
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    Crystallography of rare galactic honeycomb structure near supernova 1987a (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Near supernova 1987a, the rare honeycomb structure of 20-30 galactic bubbles measures 30 x 90 light years. Its remarkable regularity in bubble size suggests a single-event origin which may correlate with the nearby supernova. To test the honeycomb's regularity in shape and size, the formalism of statistical crystallography is developed here for bubble sideness. The standard size-shape relations (Lewis's law, Desch's law, and Aboav-Weaire's law) govern area, perimeter and nearest neighbor shapes. Taken together, they predict a highly non-equilibrium structure for the galactic honeycomb which evolves as a bimodal shape distribution without dominant bubble perimeter energy.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 220; 1; p. 65-74
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  • 93
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    Compositional variations of olivines and pyroxenes in chondritic interplanetary dust particles (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We report here analyses of olivines and pyroxenes, and petrofabrics of 27 chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), comparing those from anhydrous and hydrous types. Approximately 40% of the hydrous particles contain diopside, a probable indicator of parent body thermal metamorphism, while this mineral is rarely present in the anhydrous particles. Based on this evidence, we find that hydrous and anhydrous IDPs are, in general, not directly related, and we conclude that olivine and pyroxene major-element compositions can be used to help discriminate between IDPs that are (1) predominantly nebular condensates, and lately resided in anhydrous or icy (no liquids) primitive parent bodies, and (2) those originating from more geochemically active parent bodies (probably hydrous and anhydrous asteroids).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 5; p. 616-620
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  • 94
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    X-ray and gamma-ray emission of Sagittarius A* as a wind-accreting black hole (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: If, as many believe, Sgr A* is a massive black hole at the Galactic center, one should expect it to be a source of X-ray and gamma-ray activity, behaving basically as a scaled-down active galactic nucleus. An unavoidable source of accretion is the wind from IRS 16, a nearby group of hot, massive stars. Since the density and velocity of the accreting matter are known from observations, the accretion rate is basically a function of the putative black hole mass, M(sub h), only; this value represents a reliable lower limit to a real rate, given the other possible sources of accreting matter. Based on this and on the theories about shock acceleration in active galactic nuclei, we have estimated the expected production of relativistic particles and their hard radiation. These values turn out to be a function of M(sub h) as well. Comparing our results with available X-ray and gamma-ray observations which show Sgr A* to have a relatively low activity level, we conclude tentatively that the putative black hole in the Galactic center cannot have a mass greater than approximately 6 x 10(exp 3) solar mass. This conclusion is consistent with the upper limits to the black hole mass found by different methods earlier, although much more work is needed to make calculations of shock acceleration around black holes more reliable.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 426; 2; p. 599-603
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  • 95
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    The peak brightness of SN 1937C in IC 4182 and the Hubble constant (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The light curve of the Type Ia supernova SN 1937C (in IC 4182) is important because Sandage et al. have measured a distance to the host galaxy by means of Cepheid variables and thus have derived the Hubble constant. However, the peak brightness of SN 1937C has only been derived with the relatively poor original comparison star brightnesses and without regard to a large body of data in the literature. In this paper, I will correct these and other procedural difficulties. I find that the late time photographic light curve appears to have a broken exponential decay with equivalent half-lives of 46 and 58 days with the break near 300 days after maximum. I also find that the peak B-magnitude was 8.71 +/- 0.14 on JD 2428770.0 +/- 1.0 at which time the B-V was -0.03 +/- 0.13. With these improved peak brightnesses, the distance modulus of Sandage et al., and peak absolute magnitudes in the center of the range of modern estimates, I derive the Hubble constant to be 50 km/s Mpc.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 426; 2; p. 493-501
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  • 96
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    Null fields in the outer Jovian magnetosphere: Ulysses observations (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper reports on a magnetic field phenomenon, hereafter referred to as null fields, which were discovered during the inbound pass of the recent flyby of Jupiter by the Ulysses spacecraft. These null fields which were observed in the outer dayside magnetosphere are characterised by brief but sharp decreases of the field magnitude to values less than 1 nT. The nulls are distinguished from the current sheet signatures characteristic of the middle magnetosphere by the fact that the field does not reverse across the event. A field configuration is suggested that accounts for the observed features of the events.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 6; p. 405-408
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  • 97
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    A new way to make Thorne-Zytkow objects (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We have found a new way to make Thorne-Zytkow objects, which are massive stars with degenerate neutron cores. The asymmetric kick given to the neutron star formed when the primary of a massive tight binary system explodes as a supernova sometimes has the appropriate direction and amplitude to place the newly formed neutron star into a bound orbit with a pericenter distance smaller than the radius of the secondary. Consequently, the neutron star becomes embedded in the secondary. Thorne-Zytkow objects are expected to look like extreme M-type supergiants, assuming that they can avoid a runaway neutrino instability. Accretion onto the embedded neutron star will produce either an isolated, spun-up neutron star (possibly a short-period pulsar) or a black hole. Whether neutron star or black hole remnants predominate depends on the lifetime of Thorne-Zytkow objects, the accretion rates involved, and the maximum neutron star mass, none of which are definitively understood.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 423; 1; p. L19-L22
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  • 98
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    Search for CO absorption bands in IUE far-ultraviolet spectra of cool stars (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Observations of the red supergiant (M2 Iab) alpha Ori with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have provided an unambiguous detection of a far-ultraviolet (far-UV) chromospheric continuum on which are superposed strong molecular absorption bands. The absorption bands have been identified by Carpenter et al. (1994) with the fourth-positive A-X system of CO and are likely formed in the circumstellar shell. Comparison of these GHRS data with archival International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra of alpha Ori indicates that both the continuum and the CO absorption features can be seen with IUE, especially if multiple IUE spectra, reduced with the post-1981 IUESIPS extraction procedure (i.e., with an oversampling slit), are carefully coadded to increase the signal to noise over that obtainable with a single spectrum. We therefore initiated a program, utilizing both new and archival IUE Short Wavelength Prime (SWP) spectra, to survey 15 cool, low-gravity stars, including alpha Ori, for the presence of these two new chromospheric and circumstellar shell diagnostics. We establish positive detections of far-UV stellar continua, well above estimated IUE in-order scattered light levels, in spectra of all of the program stars. However, well-defined CO absorption features are seen only in the alpha Ori spectra, even though spectra of most of the program stars have sufficient signal to noise to allow the dectection of features of comparable magnitude to the absorptions seen in alpha Ori. Clearly if CO is present in the circumstellar environments of any of these stars, it is at much lower column densities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 107; 2; p. 747-750
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  • 99
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    Morphological changes in the NGC 6251 jet (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The giant radio galaxy NGC 6251 is a particularly good object for observational tests of relativistic jet models. Due to its high declination and approximately 0.5 Jy radio nucleus, high-quality Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) images of the central regions of the source can be made with northern hemisphere arrays. In addition, the large-scale radio morphology strongly suggests that the radio axis lies close to the plane of the sky, so Doppler boosting should be less extreme than in the core-dominated superluminal sources. Earlier 18 cm VLBI observations of NGC 6251 revealed an unexpectedly large jet/counterjet brightness ratio and small transverse motion of a feature in the parsec-scale jet. These early results are difficult to reconcile with the simplest symmetric relativistic jet models. In this paper we present a third-epoch 18 cm VLBI image of the parsec-scale radio jet in NGC 6251, and compare jet morphology over a 5 year time span. The jet shows a minor brightness peak at nearly the same distance from the core as the '25 mas knot' seen in the first- and second-epoch VLBI images. This feature is much less pronounced in the third epoch, and a relatively bright, new knot has appeared approximately 12 mas from the core. If this new component had a constant brightness during the 5 years separating the first and third observing epochs, then it must have moved away from the core with an apparent speed of at least 1.2c (compared with an upper limit of 0.23c for motion of the 25 mas knot). However, we cannot yet rule out a local brightening of the inner jet in favor of a new moving component. We determine a lower limit for the jet/couterjet brightness ratio of 100:1 within 6 mas of the core. We also present a new Very Large Array (VLA) image of the kpc-scale jet with 3 sec resolution, made from data obtained during the VLBI observations. The rate of decrease in jet surface brightness from parsec to kiloparsec scales is similar to jets in known superluminal radio sources.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 427; 1; p. 221-226
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    Searching the Sinus Amoris: Using profiles of geological units, impact and volcanic features to characterize a major terrane interface on the Moon (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Geochemical profiles of surface units, impact, and volcanic features are studied in detail to determine the underlying structure in an area of extensive mare/highland interface, Sinus Amoris. This study region includes and surrounds the northeastern embayment of Mare Tranquillitatis. The concentrations of two major rock-forming elements (Mg and Al), which were derived from the Apollo 15 orbital geochemical measurements, were used in this study. Mapped units and deposits associated with craters in the northwestern part of the region tend to have correlated low Mg and Al concentrations, indicating the presence of Potassium (K)-Rare Earth Elements (REE)-Phosphorus (P) (KREEP)-enriched basalt. Found along the northeastern rim of Tranquillitatis were areas with correlated high Mg and Al concentration, indicating the presence of troctolite. Distinctive west/east and north/south trends were observed in the concentrations of Mg and Al, and, by implication, in the distribution of major rock components on the surface. Evidence for a systematic geochemical transition in highland or basin-forming units may be observed here in the form of distinctive differences in chemistry in otherwise similar units in the western and eastern portions of the study region.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth, Moon, and Planets (ISSN 0167-9295); 64; 2; p. 165-185
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