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  • Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption
  • bioavailability
  • Springer  (263)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1990-1994  (108)
  • 1975-1979  (155)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1930-1934
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  • Springer  (263)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer Nature
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 30 (1991), S. 50-55 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Maillard-Produkte ; LAL ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; Eisen ; Kupfer ; Zink ; Maillard products ; LAL ; bioavailability ; iron ; copper ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bioavailability of iron, copper, and zinc was investigated in suckling rats. The essential trace elements were given once either with several isolated Maillard products and with LAL, respectively, or with differently heat-treated formula diets. The isolated substances revealed effects on bioavailability of all the elements tested, either on the preresorptive or on the postresorptive level. The formula diets affected only the bioavailability of copper — even when fed for several weeks.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Bioverfügbarkeit von Eisen, Kupfer und Zink untersucht, wenn diese essentiellen Spurenelemente 1. mit einigen isolierten Maillard-Produkten bzw. LAL, oder 2. mit thermisch unterschiedlich belasteten Testnahrungen einmalig an Säuglingsratten verabreicht wurden. Durch die isolierten Testsubstanzen ließen sich bei allen drei Elementen Effekte auf der präresorptiven und/oder postresorptiven Ebene erzielen. Die Testnahrungen beeinflußten — auch wenn sie fünf Wochen lang verfüttert wurden — nur die Bioverfügbarkeit des Kupfers.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Vitamin K ; Menadion ; Menadiol ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; Stabilität ; Geflügel ; vitamin K ; menadione ; menadiol ; bioavailability ; stability ; poultry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A bioassay of vitamin K is described, based on the prothrombin clotting time of 3-week-old, vitamin-K-depleted, and cumatetralyl-sensitized male broiler chicks, using a homologous thrombokinase preparation. With this test it could be shown that the diacetate and dibutyrate esters of menadiol are vitamin-K-active. The bioactivity of menadione from these menadiolesters amounted to about 70 % of the standard menadione from a coated menadione sodium bisulfite (Dohyfral). Menadiol seems to be temperature-resistant under such conditions, whereby two uncoated MSB preparations lost about 60 % of their activity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem biologischen Testverfahren an Cumatetralyl sensibilisierten Küken konnte in 3 Versuchen anhand des Parameters Thromboplastinzeit mit homologer Thrombokinase gezeigt werden, da\ Menadioldiacetat und Menadioldibutyrat Vitamin-K-wirksam sind. Die biologische Wirksamkeit von Menadion aus diesen Menadiolestern betrug ca. 70 % der Menadionaktivität aus gecoatetem Menadionbisulfit (Dohyfral®). Im Gegensatz zu 2 ungeschützten MSB-Präparationen, welche bei Wärmebelastung ca. 60 % ihrer ursprünglichen Wirkung verloren, waren die Menadiolester temperaturstabil.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: taurine ; l-glutamine ; l-histidine ; total parenteral nutrition ; zinc ; bioavailability ; fibroblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Radioactive zinc was used to study the effect of a binary parenteral nutrient solution, composed of amino acids and glucose, on zinc uptake by fibroblasts. The influence of addition of taurine, l-glutamine and of the increase in l-histidine content of the admixture was assessed. The pure mixture was highly toxic for cells and so it was diluted 1/5 in tyrode buffer with 2% albumin. As compared with cells incubated in the buffer containing albumin, zinc absorption was significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) in the presence of the amino acids of the mixture. Amino acids thus increased bioavailability by displacing zinc bound to albumin. When the histidine concentration in the nutrient medium (4.2 mm) was doubled, inhibition was noted after 30 min of incubation and zinc uptake thereafter remained comparable to that in histidine-free medium. The addition of glutamine (4.2 mm), usually not present in binary mixtures, resulted in significant differences as compared with glutamine-free control medium. Taurine (0.8 mm), led to a constant increase in zinc uptake by fibroblasts as compared with that obtained with taurine-free mixture. However, ultrafiltration showed that taurine was not able to displace zinc from albumin.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 2-20 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Aminosäuren ; Proteine ; proteinhaltige Produkte, Bioverfügbarkeit, Biokinetik ; Technologie ; amino acids ; proteins ; protein-containing products ; bioavailability ; biokinetics ; technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To evaluate the bioavailability of amino acids from proteins and protein-containing products, the area under the postprandial plasma-concentration-time-curve of the amino acids after oral administration needs to be calculated. Therefore, basic values depending on circadian plasma concentration rhythms have to be subtracted from measured values after loading. To determine the relative bioavailability of two tested samples, e.g., a protein-containing product before and after processing or two technologically different preparations of the same protein, it is sufficient to compare their absorption-curves, both corrected by the basic values. For that purpose the mean value-curves corresponding to the group of subjects are used, because the individual courses show considerable differences, in particular due to discontinuous gastric emptying. Enzymatic hydrolysis of a lactalbumin reduces the quantitative bioavailability of the amino acids by 12%. Concerning products used in nutrition of patients and babies, the availability from ready-to-drink liquid products is about 7–10% better than that out of the same dry products in powdered form. Compared with sterilization, ultrahigh heat treatment of milk protein products improves the availability slightly, by about 1%. Processing of dried green peas destined for use in convenience food increases the protein availability by 20%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung der Bioverfügbarkeit von Aminosäuren aus Proteinen und proteinhaltigen Produkten wird die Fläche unter der postprandialen Plasmakonzentrations-Zeit-Kurve der Aminosäuren nach oraler Zufuhr berechnet. Dies geschieht nach Subtraktion der durch zirkadiane Rhythmen bedingten Leerwerte von den gemessenen Plasmakonzentrationen. Zur Ermittlung der relativen Bioverfügbarkeit von zwei Testpartnern, z.B. einem proteinhaltigen Produkt vor und nach einer bestimmten Behandlung oder zwei technologisch verschiedenen Zubereitungen eines bestimmten Proteins, genügt der Vergleich der beiden bereinigten Resorptionskurven. Hierzu werden die entsprechenden Mittelwertkurven des Probandenkollektivs verwendet, da die individuellen Verlaufskurven insbesondere durch diskontinuierliche Magenentleerung erhebliche Verzerrungen aufweisen. Durch die enzymatische Hydrolyse verschlechtert sich die quantitative Bioverfügbarkeit der Aminosäuren bei einem Lactalbumin um zwölf Prozent. Bei Produkten für die Kranken- bzw. Säuglingsernährung ist die Verfügbarkeit aus fertigen Flüssigprodukten um sieben bis zehn Prozent verbessert gegenüber den gleichartigen Trockenprodukten in Pulverform. Bei ultrahocherhitzten Milcheiweißprodukten wird die Verfügbarkeit gegenüber einfach sterilisierten geringfügig um etwa ein Prozent verbessert. Durch die Präparation getrockneter grüner Erbsen für die Verwendung in Fertiggerichten wird die Verfügbarkeit des Proteins um zwanzig Prozent gesteigert.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Sb(III) ; Sb(V) ; bioavailability ; sediments ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study was made of several methods to speciale Sb(III) and Sb(V) by AAS: 1) Selective extraction of Sb(III) with lactic acid/malachite green graphite furnace-AAS, 2) Sb(III) and total antimony determination by hydride generation-AAS coupled to flow injection, batch, and continuous flow systems. These methods were applied to determine total antimony and Sb(III) in sea and surface water and total antimony in sediments and in soil. For soils different sample pretreatments were used: HNO3-H2SO4-HC1O4, HF-HNO3-H2SO4-HC1O4, cold aqua regia and slurry formation procedures in water and 4M HC1. In each case the recovery of total antimony and the ability to selective determine Sb(III) were studied. The detection limits obtained were 0.01 ng, 0.07 ng, 2.97 ng and 0.21 ppb for GF-AAS, FIA-HG-AAS, HG (Batch)-AAS, and HG (continuous flow)-AAS, respectively.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 141-153 
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioavailability ; biodegradation ; sorption ; oil ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 585-588 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nicotine ; bioavailability ; nasal spray
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absolute bioavailability of nicotine administered nasally, as drops to the nasal conchae and nasal septum, and as a nasal spray, has been studied in eight healthy volunteers. Single nasal doses of 1 mg nicotine were given and plasma concentrations of nicotine were followed for 6 h. Compared to an intravenous infusion of nicotine, the bioavailability of the nasal administrations was 60 to 75%. The rate of absorption was fast, the maximum concentration being reached after about 10 min. In the present study, there was no significant difference in the rate or extent of absorption between the different nasal treatments.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glyceryl trinitrate spray ; pharmacokinetics ; a/b-ratio ; pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ; finger pulse curve ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time course and the magnitude of the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on central venous (pulmonary artery diastolic pressure-PAPd) and peripheral arterial (a/b-ratio of the finger pulse wave) haemodynamics were compared in a randomized double-blind cross-over study in 12 patients suffering from congestive heart failure (NYHA II–III) with elevated PADd at rest (≥15 mm Hg). The data were obtained in a bioavailability study of two sprays of glyceryl trinitrate, which differed in their galenical characteristics and in the dose of GTN (0.4 mg vs. 0.8 mg). Following sublingual administration of each spray, PAPd, a/b-ratio and the plasma concentrations of GTN and its metabolites were measured up to 30 min. The relative bioavailability of GTN of the test preparation was estimated to be 157%, 161% and 147%, when calculated from the plasma concentration-time data or the integrated effect of GTN on a/b-ratio or PAPd, respectively. The mean time courses of the decrease in PAPd and the increase in the a/b-ratio of the finger pulse curve were mirror images. Thus, there was a strong correlation between the mean values of PAPd and a/b-ratio following the administration of glyceryl trinitrate. Since the slope of the relationship differed considerably between the patients, the magnitude of effect of GTN on PAPd in the individual patient could not be predicted from the changes in a/b-ratio.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dDAVP ; bioavailability ; gastrointestinal tract ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absolute bioavailability of an aqueous solution of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) from different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum) has been studied in 6 healthy, male volunteers aged 24 to 35 years, followed for 12 h after each drug administration. For i. v. administration the subjects received 4 μg dDAVP. For intestinal administration 400 μg dDAVP was directly applied to six distinct sites in the GI tract via two or four channel tubes with or without a distal occlusive balloon. Biological effects were assessed and plasma and urinary levels of dDAVP were measured using a specific, sensitive RIA. Urine osmolality remained elevated and diuresis decreased for 12 h following dDAVP administration irrespective of the site of application. After i. v. administration, the half-life of elimination of dDAVP was 60.0 min, plasma clearance 1.7 ml·min−1·kg−1, amount excreted in urine 2.0 μg and renal clearance was 0.8 ml·min−1·kg−1. The mean bioavailability (f) after gastric application was 0.19% (range 0.02–0.35%). f was 0.24% after duodenal application (range 0.04–0.62%), 0.19% after jejunal (range 0.01–0.41%), 0.03% after distal ileal (range 0.01–0.08%), 0.04% after proximal colonic (range 0.01–0.12%) and 0.04% after rectal (0.01–0.10%) application. The bioavailability was significantly higher in the three upper GI regions in comparison to the three lower regions. The bioavailability of dDAVP after gastric, duodenal and jejunal application was similar to that after swallowing a tablet in a previous study. Absorption from the ileum was lower than expected and no preferential site of absorption was found.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 305-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atenolol ; bioavailability ; intestinal absorption ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the dose proportionality after the intake of oral atenolol 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg. Standard tablets were taken by 8 healthy volunteers in randomised order of doses. The area under the curve divided by dose did not differ between the doses, indicating that the absorption of this hydrophilic compound, with known incomplete bioavailability, was constant over the range tested.
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