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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations and effects of methaqualone after single and multiple oral doses in man (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methaqualone ; single and multiple dose kinetics ; dose-effect relationship ; sedation ; plasma concentration ; protein binding ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three healthy subjects took methaqualone (1.0 mg/kg) once daily for 16 days. Equilibrium concentrations in plasma were established after multiple oral doses and there was a linear post-steady state decline in the log plasma concentration of methaqualone. The drug was also given as single oral doses and plasma concentrations were followed for 5 days (t1/2=36 to 38 h.). Sedative effects were studied by psychophysiological tests and subjective ratings both in the single and multiple dose experiments. A significant impairment of flicker fusion discrimination ability occurred during the increase in the plasma concentration of the drug; maximum effects preceded peak plasma concentrations and the impairment disappeared whilst plasma concentrations were still high. The same effects were found in the subjective ratings. The drug was shown to have a possible tremorogenic effect after a hypnotic dose. One subject experienced sedation during the multiple dose experiment, despite the use of a low dose, an observation that should be taken into account, e.g. in car driving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560357
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The progress of COST B1 – a European collaboration on the study of interindividual differences in drug disposition and action (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Drug disposition ; Individual differences ; European collaboration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050518
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic studies of cefoxitin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefotoxin ; renal failure ; peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; CAPD (continuous ambulatory dialysis) ; dialysate concentration ; intra peritoneal administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was examined in 9 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. Cefoxitin was administered intraperitoneally in the dialysate fluid every 6 h for 24 h, in two different concentrations, 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml. The plasma half-life of cefoxitin was 20.2 h. The major route of elimination was non-renal, with a clearance of 8.0 ml/min. Peritoneal clearance was 4.1 ml/min. As expected, renal clearance was negligible. The peak plasma concentrations of cefoxitin at the two dose levels used were 7 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively, when assayed by HPLC, and 12 µg/ml and 24 µg/ml when determined by a microbiological assay. The cefoxitin concentration in the dialysate decreased from 50 µg/ml to 14 µg/ml and from 100µg/ml to 37 µg/ml during the 6 h of its retention in the peritoneal cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543333
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First pass hydroxylation of nortriptyline: Concentrations of parent drug and major metabolites in plasma (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nortriptyline ; 10-OH-nortriptyline ; bioavailability ; plasma metabolites ; first pass metabolism ; oral dose ; intramuscular dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nortriptyline was given orally and intramuscularly to six depressed patients. Plasma concentrations of parent drug and the unconjugated and conjugated principal metabolite, 10-hydroxynortriptyline, were determined by mass fragmentography. There was a significant decrease in the area under the nortriptyline plasma concentration — time curve after the oral route of administration, whilst the elimination rate was unchanged. With the oral dose, plasma concentrations of the metabolites were higher and peaked earlier than after intramuscular administration, whilst the opposite was true for the parent compound. This proves that the difference in bioavailability between the two routes of administration was due to first pass metabolism. As determined from the ratio between corresponding areas, the relative bioavailability of the oral dose was 66±21 S.D. per cent. This fraction is higher than that reported previously when intravenous nortriptyline was used as the reference dosage form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606414
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of fluoride in man after single and multiple oral doses (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fluoride ; single- and multiple dose kinetics ; plasma concentration ; urinary excretion ; saliva/plasma concentration ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The doses of fluoride (F) recommended in the literature for caries prevention and for the treatment of osteoporosis vary. This partly reflects inadequate knowledge of F pharmacokinetics. In the present study various single and multiple oral doses of F were given to eight volunteers, who had a strictly controlled F intake in the diet. The resulting plasma and parotid saliva concentrations as well as urinary output of F were measured. The plasma data fitted a two-compartment open model with a β-slope half-life ranging between 2 and 9 h. Plasma clearance was 0.15±0.02 (SD) liter/kg/h. Data from the highest dose (10 mg) were fitted to both two- and three-compartment models, and there was no significant difference between them. Multiple doses of F 3.0 or 4.5 mg yielded steady state concentrations ranging from 54 to 145 ng/ml. About 50 per cent of the given dose was recovered in the urine, which is indicative of considerable accumulation in the body. The saliva F/plasma F concentration ratio was 0.64 with a coefficient of variation of 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607432
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Criteria for the choice and definition of healthy volunteers and or patients for phase I and phase II studies in drug development (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 549-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clinical pharmacology ; pharmacogenetics ; drug development ; genetic polymorphism ; phase I-/phase II studies ; choice of participants ; international cooperation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637733
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-dependent absorption of amoxicillin in patients with an ileostomy (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amoxicilin, Ileostomy ; bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amoxicillin was given as single doses of 375, 700, 1500, 3000 and 6000 mg an oral suspension to four volunteers with an ileostomy and with no active intestinal disease after an overnight fast. The excretion of amoxicillin and its penicilloic acid was followed in samples taken from the ileostomy and in urine produced over 6 h. Beta-lactamase activity was measured in ileal fluid and none was found. The percentage of the dose recovered from the ileostomy increased successively from 8% at the lowest dose to 77% at the highest dose. A complementary excretion pattern of amoxicillin was found in the urine, amounting to 70 % recovery at the lowest dose to 23 % at the highest dose. The results confirm the dose-dependence of the absorption of amoxicillin, which could at least in part be due to specialised absorption of this drug in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333023
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of amoxycillin on the absorption of ofloxacin (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amoxycillin ; Ofloxacin ; systemic availability ; drug interactions ; intestinal absorption ; human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amoxycillin and ofloxacin are both well absorbed after oral administration, despite being hydrophilic. We have studied the possibility of competition between these two drugs for a carrier-mediated transport system, since both drugs are absorbed by saturable processes in the rat small intestine. Oral doses of amoxycillin (3 g) and ofloxacin (400 mg) were given separately and in combination to six healthy volunteers. Blood samples were taken over 30 h and plasma concentrations of the respective drugs were measured by HPLC. Amoxycillin did not alter the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315484
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The availability of orally administered nortriptyline (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; single-dose kinetics ; plasma/blood concentrations ; metabolites ; absorption ; availability ; apparent volume of distribution ; plasma/blood clearances ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The availability of an orally administered drug may be defined as the fraction of the total dose that enters the blood. Three healthy subjects were given identical doses of nortriptyline hydrochloride (NT-HCl) by the oral and intramuscular routes. The availability was assessed by comparing the total areas under the NT plasma concentration-time curves produced by the two methods of administration. The concentrations of NT in plasma and blood were determined by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry and were found to be almost identical. The observed availability of NT in these subjects ranged between 56 and 70% (mean 64%). The availability predicted from the parenteral plasma levels (assuming an average hepatic blood flow of 1.7 l/min) differed from the observed availability in one subject, perhaps because of the known variation in liver blood flow between individuals. The gastrointestinal absorption of NT-HCl was complete, since the recovery of the main metabolite, 10-hydroxynortriptyline, was the same after the two routes of administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed that there might exist interindividual differences in the apparent volume of distribution of NT, (Vd)β. There was no apparent relationship between the variations in availability of NT and “steady-state” plasma levels or the disposition plasma half-lives of the drug. The calculated (Vd)β and (t 1/2)β of NT for each subject were in good agreement with those obtained from a previous study of single oral does of NT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564900
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-blind dose-response study of indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indomethacin ; rheumatoid arthritis ; double-blind cross-over study ; placebo ; clinical effect ; technetium uptake ; plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Indomethacin 0, 15, 25 and 35 mg t. i. d. was given in randomized order for two weeks to eight outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis in a double-blind study. At the end of each treatment period the clinical response was evaluated by subjective and objective methods and the plasma indomethacin concentration was measured by GLC-mass fragmentography. Compared with non-treatment periods, indomethacin had a statistically significant therapeutic effect as judged by global assessment, duration of morning stiffness, use of escape analgesia, articular index and pain score, but there was no relation between the clinical effect and the size of the dose or the plasma concentration of the drug. Technetium uptake over the affected joints did not change during indomethacin therapy, which might reflect a lack of effect on the local activity of the disease. Lower doses than those currently prescribed are probably sufficient to alleviate symptoms in this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570161
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