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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of prostaglandin E1 administered by intravenous infusion in human subjects (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Prostaglandin E1 ; Infusion ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a single-blind, randomized, two-way crossover study with 12 healthy male volunteers, 60 μg of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or placebo was administered by intravenous infusion during a 120-min period. PGE1, 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 (PGE0) and 15-keto-PGE0 plasma concentrations were measured by a highly specific and sensitive GC-MS/MS method. Endogenous PGE1 plasma concentrations ranged between 1.2 and 1.8 pg·ml−1. Endogenous PGE0 and 15-keto-PGE0 plasma concentrations varied from 0.8 to 1.3 pg·ml−1 and from 4.2 to 6.0 pg/ml respectively. During intravenous infusion of PGE1, plasma PGE1 concentrations rose to a level twice as high as during the placebo infusion. In contrast, PGE0 plasma concentrations were 8 times higher during PGE1 infusion than during placebo infusion, and 15-keto-PGE0 plasma concentrations were 20 times higher. The new analytical method has thus been useful to describe the pharmacokinetics of PGE1 and its metabolites PGE0 and 15-keto-PGE0, during and after intravenous infusion of PGE1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192562
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of two different galenical preparations of glyceryl trinitrate on pulmonary artery pressure and on the finger pulse curve (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glyceryl trinitrate spray ; pharmacokinetics ; a/b-ratio ; pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ; finger pulse curve ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time course and the magnitude of the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on central venous (pulmonary artery diastolic pressure-PAPd) and peripheral arterial (a/b-ratio of the finger pulse wave) haemodynamics were compared in a randomized double-blind cross-over study in 12 patients suffering from congestive heart failure (NYHA II–III) with elevated PADd at rest (≥15 mm Hg). The data were obtained in a bioavailability study of two sprays of glyceryl trinitrate, which differed in their galenical characteristics and in the dose of GTN (0.4 mg vs. 0.8 mg). Following sublingual administration of each spray, PAPd, a/b-ratio and the plasma concentrations of GTN and its metabolites were measured up to 30 min. The relative bioavailability of GTN of the test preparation was estimated to be 157%, 161% and 147%, when calculated from the plasma concentration-time data or the integrated effect of GTN on a/b-ratio or PAPd, respectively. The mean time courses of the decrease in PAPd and the increase in the a/b-ratio of the finger pulse curve were mirror images. Thus, there was a strong correlation between the mean values of PAPd and a/b-ratio following the administration of glyceryl trinitrate. Since the slope of the relationship differed considerably between the patients, the magnitude of effect of GTN on PAPd in the individual patient could not be predicted from the changes in a/b-ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-nitrate during haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: isosorbide-5-nitrate ; renal failure ; haemodialysis ; peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-nitrate (IS-5-N) was studied in ten patients on haemodialysis (HD) after a single oral dose of 20 mg IS-5-N, and in six patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after repeated oral doses of 3×20 mg IS-5-N. There was significant removal of IS-5-N from blood during HD; Cmax decreased by about 20%, AUC(0–8 h) by 30% and t1/2 by about 20% from 4.3 to 3.4 h, and plasma clearance was increased by 81 ml/min. No important loss of IS-5-N was observed in patients on CAPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637678
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic effects of glyceryl trinitrate following repeated application of a transdermal delivery system with a phasic release profile (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glyceryl trinitrate ; nitroglycerin ; transdermal delivery stystem ; nitrate tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects and plasma concentrations of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and its dinitrate metabolites were investigated in 8 healthy male volunteers during 5 days of application of a new transdermal delivery system (TDS) with time-dependent release characteristics, which were considered to prevent or to diminish development of nitrate tolerance. On the first and fifth day of administration the following haemodynamic parameters were determined: digital pulse ratio of height of systolic peak to height of dicrotic wave (i.e.a/b-ratio), heart rate and systolic blood pressure under orthostatic conditions. Peak plasma concentrations of GTN were 139 and 155 pg·ml−1 on the first and fifth day of treatment, and the corresponding trough concentrations (i.e. 24 h after administration) were 52.5 and 36.6 pg·ml−1, respectively. Compared to placebo, the area under the effect curve of the a/b-ratio of the digital pulse was increased on the first (25.6%) and fifth day (13%). A significant increase of heart rate and a decrease of systolic blood pressure were seen only on the first day of treatment. The haemodynamic effects of sublingual GTN 0.8 mg were reduced by 69% (a/b-ratio) and 52% (standing heart rate) on the fifth day compared to the pretreatment values. Thus, the phasic release of GTN from the new TDS can be demonstrated by the time course of the plasma concentrations of GTN and its metabolites. Nevertheless, following repeated administration the hemodynamic effects are blunted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of ISDN following different dosage forms and routes of administration (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Isosorbide dinitrate ; route of administration ; isosorbide-5-mononitrate ; finger pulse wave ; pharmacokinetics ; haemodynamic effects ; plasma nitrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) have been investigated following administration of single doses as a sublingual (SL) spray (2.5 mg), sublingual tablet (5 mg) and peroral tablet (10 mg) in a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over trial in 16 healthy volunteers. After the sublingual spray Cmax was higher (39.0 ng·ml-1) and tmax was shorter (3.9 min) than after the sublingual (22.8 ng·ml-1 and 13.8 min) and peroral (16.9 ng·ml-1 and 25.6 min) tablets. The AUC of ISDN did not differ following any of the three formulations (1031; 879; 997 ng·ml-1·min, for the spray, SL tablet and PO-tablet, respectively). Mononitrate metabolites of ISDN (IS-2-MN and IS-5-MN) and total nitrates in plasma increased in proportion to the administered dose. This indicates that the fraction of the dose absorbed was the same for all the formulations but that the extent of first-pass metabolism increased in the order sublingual spray 〈 sublingual tablet 〈 peroral tablet. Thus, compared to the spray, the relative bioavailability of ISDN was 48% and 28% from the sublingual and peroral tablets, respectively. The haemodynamic effects were quantified using the a/b ratio of the finger pulse wave and the systolic blood pressure and heart rate under orthostatic conditions. For the a/b ratio of the finger pulse, the maximal effect was higher (emax=130%) and the time to emax (temax) shorter (16.6 min) after the spray than the sublingual tablet (84.4% and 25.5 min) or peroral tablet (90.2 and 31.3 min). The onset of effect was within 3, 5 and 7.5 min after the spray, sublingual and peroral tablets, respectively. A larger change in the orthostatically-induced decrease in systolic blood pressure and increase in heart rate was obtained following peroral than sublingual administration despite the similar plasma concentrations of ISDN. This probably reflects the larger amount of pharmacodynamically active mononitrate metabolites formed after oral dosing. The integrated effect following administration of 2.5 mg ISDN as spray was similar to that of a sublingual tablet of 5 mg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194399
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between moexipril and hydrochlorothiazide (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Moexipril ; Hydrochlorothiazide; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between moexipril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide after single dose administration. Methods: 12 healthy male volunteers were studied by an open, randomised, three-way cross-over design, in which single doses of moexipril, hydrochlorothiazide and the two drugs together were administered. Blood and urine were collected up to 48 hours for measurement of the concentrations of moexipril and its metabolite moexiprilat. In addition, the urine samples were analysed for hydrochlorothiazide. Results: For the area under the plasma concentration-time curve calculated from time 0 to a concentration greater than zero, AUC(0–t), the study showed a mean value of moexipril 437 ng ⋅ ml−1⋅ h−1 following administration of moexipril alone and 416 ng ⋅ ml−1⋅ h−1 following moexipril concomitantly with hydrochloro- thiazide. The corresponding values for the metabolite moexiprilat were 203 and 215 ng ⋅ ml−1⋅ h−1, respectively. The cmax of moexipril and the metabolite (data of the metabolite in parenthesis) were 245.4 (70.8) ng ⋅ ml−1 after administration of moexipril alone and 241.0 (69.2) ng ⋅ ml−1 after coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide. The mean total renal excretion (TUE) of hydrochlorothiazide was 15.2 mg when administered alone and 15.1 mg when given together with moexipril. The corresponding mean TUE-values for moexiprilat were 334 (1200) and 453 (1460) μg. Conclusion: The coadministration of moexipril with hydrochlorothiazide had no demonstrable effect on the measured pharmacokinetic parameters of moexipril, its active metabolite moexiprilat or hydrochlorothiazide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopy of ArOH: A direct probe of the Ar+OH X2Π potential energy surface (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 4942-4951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An infrared-ultraviolet (IR-UV) double-resonance technique has been implemented to obtain the infrared spectrum of ArOH in the vicinity of the fundamental OH stretch at 2.8 μm. A rotationally resolved spectrum of the fundamental OH stretching band of ArOH is observed at 3567.85(1) cm−1 (origin). A combination band, involving both OH stretch and intermolecular bending excitation, is identified at 3577.00(1) cm−1 (origin). The intermolecular energy of the excited bending state provides a direct measure of the anisotropy of the Ar+OH X2Π interaction potential. The rotational structure of the combination band reveals a large splitting between parity components with the same total angular momentum in the excited bending state [0.69(1) cm−1 for J=〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉32]. The experimentally derived parity splitting is compared with previous experimental and theoretical determinations of this parameter. The parity splitting associated with the excited bending state reflects the change in the intermolecular potential when the pπ orbital containing the unpaired electron of OH lies in or out of the ArOH plane. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481048
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Far infrared absorption spectra of some solid and fused alkalimetal nitrates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 2 (1968), S. 182-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-2614(68)85037-7
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermolecular vibrations and relaxation dynamics in complexes of OH A 2Σ+ (v′=0,1) with N2 (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 10224-10236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intermolecular vibrational energy levels supported by the OH A 2Σ+ (v′=0,1)+N2 potentials have been characterized spectroscopically through excitation of OH–N2 complexes in the OH A 2Σ+–X 2Π 0–0 and 1–0 spectral regions. At least 95 levels correlating with OH A 2Σ+ (v′=0)+N2 are observed in fluorescence depletion experiments. OH–N2 complexes prepared in these levels have lifetimes with lower limits ranging from 1.4 to 8 ps due to rapid electronic quenching which precludes their detection by laser-induced fluorescence. An onset of OH–N2 laser-induced fluorescence occurs at the OH A 2Σ+ (v′=0)+N2 dissociation limit, enabling determination of the ground and excited state binding energies at ∼250 and ≥1372 cm−1, respectively. In the OH A–X 1–0 region, OH–N2 transitions originating from a common ground state level to single or groups of intermolecular vibrational levels correlating with OH A 2Σ+ (v′=1)+N2 are observed via laser-induced fluorescence and fluorescence depletion measurements. Comparison of the OH–N2 spectra obtained in the OH A–X 0–0 and 1–0 regions reveals that vibrational excitation of OH A 2Σ+ increases the OH–N2 binding energy by 139 cm−1. OH–N2 complexes excited in the OH A–X 1–0 region undergo ultrafast dynamics (〈200 fs) which give rise to extensive spectral line broadening. A kinetic model indicates that vibrational predissociation is the dominant decay channel for OH–N2 prepared in the intermolecular levels derived from OH A 2Σ+ (v′=1)+N2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472732
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do all solid amides hydrogen bond? Raman evidence to the contrary (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 5535-5540 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100123a014
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