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  • AERODYNAMICS  (4.917)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (4.892)
  • 1990-1994  (6.005)
  • 1980-1984  (3.801)
  • 1935-1939  (2)
  • 1925-1929  (1)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interspecific interactions in a methane-utilizing mixed culture (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2119-2135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A two-member methane-utilizing mixed culture of bacteria, formed by combining two pure cultures isolated from a naturally occurring methane-utilizing mixed culture, was studied in continuous culture. From the nutritional requirements and substrate ranges of the pure cultures, a mechanism for the interspecific interactions occurring in the mixed culture was proposed. Product formation kinetics were determined in continuous culture for each product involved in the proposed mechanism. From this proposed mechanism a mathematical model was derived based on simple material balance equations around a single-stage chemostat. The steady-state predictions of this model were compared to experimental results obtained from continuous-culture experiments with the two-member methane-utilizing mixed culture. Interspecific interactions occurring in two-member methanol-utilizing and three-member methane-utilizing mixed cultures have also been discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221010
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221101
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of controlled gas environments in solid-substrate fermentations of rice (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2219-2235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The gas environment is solid-substrate fermentations of rice significantly affected levels of biomass and enzyme formation by a fungal species screened for high amylase production. Constant oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures were maintained at various levels in fermentations by Aspergillus oryzae. Control of the gas phase was maintained by a “static” aeration system admitting oxygen on demand and stripping excess carbon dioxide during fermentation. Constant water vapor pressures were also maintained by means of saturated salt solutions. High Oxygen pressures stimulated amylase productivity significantly. On the other hand, amylase production was severely inhibited at high carbon dioxide pressures. While relatively insensitive to oxygen pressure, maximum biomass productivities were obtained at an intermediate carbon dioxide pressure. High oxygen transfer rates were obtained at elevated oxygen pressures, suggesting, in view of the stimulatory effect of oxygen on amylase production, a stringent oxygen requirement for enzyme synthesis. Solid-substrate fermentations were highly advantageous as compared with submerged cultures in similar gas environments. Not only were amylase productivities significantly higher, but the enzyme was highly concentration in the aqueous phase of the semisolid substrate particles and could be extracted in a small volume of liquid. Results of this work suggest that biomass and product formation in microbial processes may be amenable to control by the gas environment. This is believed to offer an interesting potential for optimizing selected industrial fermentation processes with respect to productivity and energy consumption.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221103
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic studies of cellodextrins hydrolyses by exocellulase from Trichoderma reesei (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2305-2320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The kinetics of the hydrolyses of cellotriose and of cellotetraose by cellobiohydrolase were studied using a convenient integral technique. Reaction mechanisms and mathematical models were postulated to describe the reactions. The end-products of the reaction were found to be inhibitory toward hydrolysis in a competitive mode. Hydrolysis of cellotetraose produces cellobiose and hydrolysis of cellotriose produces cellobiose and glucose. Both sugars inhibit the enzyme with cellobiose being a stronger inhibitor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221108
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2359-2373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Laboratory-scale biofilm reactors were used to evaluate a model of the kinetics of steady-state biofilm and the concept that there is a minimum concentration, Smin, below which no steady-state activity can occur. With acetate as the ratelimiting substrate, the steady-state concept of Smin was verified for naturally grown biofilms. Substrate removal and biofilm thickness declined rapidly as the substrate concentration approached Smin, which was 0.66 mg/liter for acetate. Using independently derived kinetic parameters, the model of steady-state-biofilm kinetics successfully predicted substrate utilization and biofilm thickness without the need for fitting factors. The results imply that organic materials may persist in water and wastewater, in part, because they are too low in concentration to supply sufficient energy to sustain the microorganisms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221111
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of 2-deoxyglucose in the selective isolation of mutants of trichoderma reesei with enhanced β-glucosidase production (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2429-2432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221121
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simple device for level control with subsurface drawoff in chemostats (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2433-2435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221122
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties of trypsin immobilized on sand (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2449-2454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221126
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth yield from electrons available from substrates in aerobic- and photoheterotrophic cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides S (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2529-2541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A balance of electrons available from acetic acid consumed for growth and oxygen uptake in the aerobic- and photoheterotrophic growth of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides S on acetate-minimal medium could be realized the same as in the carbon balance. The unmeasured amounts of yeast extract consumed by the cells grown on propionate-yeast extract media were indirectly estimated from the balance equation of electrons available from carbon substrates. The specific consumption rate of the yeast extract increased with an increase in propionate consumption rate in aerobic and photoheterotrophic cultures. Growth yields from acetic acid and from propionic acid plus yeast extract were calculated on the electron level, i.e., YX/ave g cell produced/equivalent electrons available from substrate consumed. YX/ave values were 5.0 to 5.8 g cell/ave in photoheterotrophic cultures and 2.7 to 3.6 in aerobic-heterotrophic cultures regardless of different medium compositions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221204
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Design of a fast flow reactor for aerobic treatment of dilute waste streams (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2579-2590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The design of a 125 liter aerated recirculating tower fermentor is presented. The tower has an external recirculation loop and a broth take-off point designed to give selective retention of biomass in the fermentor. This allows operation with high throughput rates using a low conentration feed. The aspect ratio in the main tower is approximately 14:1, but good mixing is promoted by the rapid recirculation of the broth. The construction of the fermentor and costs are given in details, illustrating that the fermentor may offer a cheap alternative to conventional systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221207
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic study of a hollow-fiber enzyme reactor (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 2643-2653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Enzymes, such as urease and uricase, were entrapped in three kinds of hollow fibers. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants Km(app) obtained for these enzyme reactors were always larger than Km of free enzyme because of the permeation resistance of substrate across the hollow-fiber membrane. Km(app) increased with increasing degree of permeation resistance across the membrane by the increase in enzyme concentration. The half-life of the entrapped urease in the continuous reaction system was 60-80% of that of free enzyme. Activation energies of hollow-fiber enzyme reactors were always smaller than that of the free enzyme, because the activation energy of permeation was smaller than that of the enzyme reaction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260221212
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Total containment of a continuous-flow zonal centrifuge (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A continuous-flow, high throughput, turbine-driven zonal centrifuge has been contained for use with biologically hazardous materials. The centrifuge and all ancillary equipment are enclosed in three sealed cabinets that are maintained at negative pressure, decontaminated with ethylene oxide, and provide cooling for the process fluids. Sample handling is semiautomated and remotely controlled for ease of operation and includes an automated decontamination system. The centrifuge subsystems can be decontaminated prior to an engineer servicing the machine, and apparatus is provided for absolute filtration of the centrifuge turbine exhaust.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230102
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acidogenic fermentation of corn stover (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 61-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Corn stover was fermented by anaerobic acidogenic bacteria to produce volatile (C2-C6) organic acids. Mild pretreatment with dilute alkali solutions produced a two-fold increase in fermentability. A mixture of lime and sodium carbonate was found to be a better pretreatment agent than sodium hydroxide. Methane generation was inhibited by low temperature (≤ 25°C) and high solids [≥ 2.5% (w/v)] fermentation. Volatile acid yields of 0.5-0.55 g acetic acid equiv/g dry ash-free (DAF) stover could be obtained in batch fermentations. Several extractants and extraction solvents for organic acids were found to be nontoxic to acidogenic fermentation. The data show that acidogenic fermentation can produce useful volatile fatty acids in high yields from a complex lignocellulosic feedstock. These fermentations are nonsterile, need no stirring, and are easy to run. Moreover, cellulose, pentosans, and other carbohydrates are directly utilized by acidogenic bacteria. Hence, acidogenic fermentation could be useful in converting biomass to chemical feedstocks and fuel.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230106
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of engineering variables upon the morphology of filamentous molds (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 111-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A modal has been described for the influence of growth rate and shear stresses in the fermentor upon the morphology of filamentous molds. The main concept of this model is the dynamic equilibrium between growth and breakup of the hyphae. The latter has been approached according to well-known engineering theories for dispersion of physical systems. Experiments to verify the model with a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum in batch and continuous culture revealed that the length of the mycelial particles increased with increasing growth rate and decreased with increasing power input her unit mass in the fermentor. Although this was qualitatively in agreement with the presented model, quantitatively the model had to be rejected. Variation of the tensile strength of the hyphae with age and culturing conditions could have been one of the causes of disagreement. Oxygen tension, varied independently from stirrer speed, in the range of 12-300 mm Hg was shown to have no influence upon the morphology. With respect to the question of possibly using high-energy inputs in industrial mold fermentation in order to decrease hyphal length and suspension viscosity, it was concluded that this is of little practical value. A substantial decrease in hyphal length requires an enormous increase in energy input.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230109
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of invertase on krill chitin (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230117
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maximum cell productivity by repeated fed-batch culture for constant yield case (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 249-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Optimal operation of repeatedly fed-batch was determined by the continuous maximum principle for the constant yield case. The objective of maximum cell productivity for a fixed cell concentration was achieved by finding the substrate feeding policy that minimized the processing time. Analytical criteria for the optimal filling policy show that an exponential policy is optimum when the specific growth rate has a maximum, and also that operation in the simple repeated batch mode is optimum when the specific growth rate is monotonic increasing. Comparisons between optimal repeated fed-batch culture and other modes of operation were made for the case of substrate-inhibited growth. Cell productivity by repeated fed-batch exceeds both batch and continuous operation for the case of low residual substrate concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230202
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characteristics of mechanically disrupted bakers' yeast in relation to its separation in industrial centrifuges (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The viscosity, density, and sedimentation characteristics of suspensions of whole and mechanically disrupted yeast cells were measured. Mechanical disruption increases the suspension viscosity and its non-Newtonian behavior. Experiments showed a good correlation between laboratory- and industrial-scale centrifugation results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230208
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptide synthesis enzymatically catalyzed in a biphasic system: Water-water-immiscible organic solvent (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Synthesis of a peptide bond is suggested to be enzymatically catalysed in a biphasic system “water-water-immiscible organic solvent”. The pH dependence of the apparent equilibrium constant is studied for synthesis of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-leucine amide from N-Acet-Trp andL-Leu-NH2. The reaction was performed in the biphasic system ethyl acetate plus water [from 2 to 2% (v/v)] in the presence of α-chymotrypsin. The suggested approach is preparative value: with the stoichiometric ratio of the reagents, [N-Acet-L-Trp] = [L-Leu-NH2] = 2 × 10-3M, the yield is practically 100% (in water, with other conditions being the same, the yield is not over 01.%).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230210
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Automated fermentation equipment II. Computer-fermentor system (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 405-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An expensive computer-operated system suitable for data collection and steady-state optimum control of fermentation processes is presented. With this system, minimum generation time has been determined as a function of temperature and pH in the turbidostat cultivation of a yeast strain. The applicability of the computer-fermentor system is also presented by the determination of the dynamic KLa value.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230214
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A rapid sampling valve with minimal dead space for laboratory scale fermenters (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230218
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple hobby Computer-based off-gas analysis system (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230222
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose lung immobilized β-glucosidase (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 473-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The production of sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is a multistep process which includes conversion of the intermediate cellobiose to glucose by β-glucosidase. Aside from its role as an intermediate, cellobiose inhibits the endoglucanase components of typical cellulase enzyme systems. Because these enzyme systems often contain insufficient concentrations of β-glucosidase to prevent accumulation of inhibitory cellobiose, this research investigated the use of supplemental immobilized β-glucosidase to increase yield of glucose. Immobilized β-glucosidase from Aspergillus phoenicis was produced by sorption at controlled-pore alumina with about 90% activity retention. The product lost only about 10% of the original activity during an on-stream reaction period of 500 hr with cellobiose as substrate; maximum activity occurred near pH 3.5 and the apparent activation energy was about 11 kcal/mol. The immobilized β-glucosidase was used together with Trichoderma reesei cellulase to hydrolyze cellulosic materials, such as Solka Floc, corn stove and exploded wood. Increased yields of glucose and greater conversions of cellobiose of glucose were observed when the reaction systems contained supplemental immobilized β-glucosidase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230302
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dialysis continuous process for ammonium lactate fermentation: Simulated and experimental dialysate-feed, immobilized-cell systems (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 535-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A generalized mathematical model, previously developed and experimentally validated, was modified and used to computer-simulate two dialysate-feed systems for operating a dialysis continuous process for the ammonium lactate fermentation. The simulations predicted that the feeding of substrate into the dialysate circuit and thence into the fermentor circuit via dialysis should greatly improve the production of cell mass and metabolite product. Experiments were conducted to test the system in which the fermentor is operated without an effluent, thus immobilizing the cells. Dried cheese whey ultrafiltrate was rehydrated to contain a normal concentration of lactose (62 mg/ml), supplemented with yeast with an adapted culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The system was operated without interruption for 26 days. Results during steady-state conditions showed that the system is a new and useful way to immobilize living cells for the purpose of producing a metabolite at a high rate for a prolonged time. The substrate consumed by the cells is converted to product via maintenance metabolism only and is sterilized by dialysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230306
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preliminary studies on the use of internal carbon sources in the removal of nitrogen from sewage with a model treatment system using alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 615-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A description is presented of the design and performance of a model sewage treatment system consisting of one aerobic reactor and clarifier plus one anaerobic reactor, with an aerobic-mixed-liquor-volume/anaerobic-mixed-liquor-volume ratio of 1:4. Effluent values of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate nitrogen were found to be 0, 0, and about 5 ppm, respectively. Effluent organic nitrogen was not determined, having been assumed to be negligible. Approximately 90% of the total influent nitrogen was removed by nitrification plus denitrification. Sludge production was found to be minimal, and it was never necessary to waste sludge from the system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230311
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimal design of bio-photoreactor: Parallel-plate reactor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 657-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230315
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enzyme deactivation in fixed bed reactors with michaelis-menten kinetics (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 691-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Rate expression for enzyme poisoning which are consistent with a Michaelis-Menten main reaction are used to analyze the performance of a fixed bed reactor containing immobilized enzyme. When enzyme deactivation results from the irreversible bonding of a product molecule to an existing substrate-enzyme complex, it is shown that minimum enzyme activity can occur in the interior of the bed, well away from the ends. This suggests that bed sectioning techniques may enable direct evaluation of fundamental poisoning mechanisms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230404
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microelectrode studies of oxygen transfer in trickling filter slimes*Presented in part at the American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington D.C., 1979. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 781-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Slime-covered rocks and samples of process waters from two trickling filters for treatment of municipal wastes were brought to the laboratory for probing with microelectrodes to determine dissolved oxygen (DO). Slime thickness was 0.4-1.5 mm. Flow rate of medium over the slime had a minor effect on slime respiration, but pH 5 or below was strongly inhibitory. Increasing temperature showed lower oxygen concentration throughout a slime, although 27°C had results little different from those at 22°C. Medium concentration had a profound effect on oxygen concentration profiles, and either oxygen-limited or substrate limited respiration could be demonstrated. Illumination of slimes from the top of the trickling filter developed oxygen supersaturation because oxygen from photosynthesis could not diffuse away rapidly.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230409
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A macroscopic model describing yield and maintenance relationships in aerobic fermentation processes (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 739-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The present paper presents a generalized treatment of the principles of elemental and enthalpy balances which are applied to aerobic fermentation processes. It is shown that strict relations do exist between the various yield factors of biomass or product on substrate, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and between the various maintenance coefficients. These relations are confirmed from the existing body of literature data on yield and maintenance coefficients. Another consequences of the application of elemental balances is the existence of limits for the maximum biomass yield on substrate and oxygen, which depend on the degree of reduction of the substrates with different degree of reduction. It appears from this model that substrates with a high degree of reduction are C limited and substrates with a low degree of reduction are energy limited. Finally the effects of temperature on yield and maintenance coefficients are analyzed from the existing body of literature data. It can be concluded that the maintenance coefficients follow an Arrhenius type of relationship and that yield is temperature independent. The literature data seem to indicate that a degree of reduction of about 4 is optimal for the carbon and energy needs for biomass formation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230407
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of combined chemical and enzyme treatments on the saccharification and in vitro digestion rate of wheat straw (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 823-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Wheat straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide, and subsequently treated with four sources of cellulase, T. reesei, T. reesei, T. viride, A. niger, and Oxyporus sp. The effect of the combined chemical + enzyme treatments on the extent of saccharification and on the digestion rate by rumen microorganisms was studied. Cellulases were applied at an equal but low concentration (0.5 FPU/ml) on the pretreated straw. The combined treatments, SO2 + T. reesei cellulase nd SO2 + T. viride cellulase, produced the highest and significant levels of reducing sugars (RS), 577 and 597 mg RS/g straw organic matter. The highest enzyme efficiency, 44.7 mg RS/mg enzyme, was found with T. reesei cellulase when applied on SO2 pretreated straw. The in vitro organic matter digestibility was affected significantly only by the chemical pretreatments, whereas the effect of the cellulases was expressed mainly in increasing the fermentability of the hydrolyzed straw. The in vitro digestion pattern of the saccharified straw was found to be typical of a highly fermentable feed and comparable to a starchy mixture such as used in concentrate ruminant diets.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230412
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alcohol fermentation of sweet potato. I. Acid hydrolysis and factors involved (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 879-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Factors affecting acid hydrolysis of sweet potato powder (SSP) to fermentable sugars were examined. These include HCl concentration, temperature, time, and levels of SPP. Maximum reducing sugar, reported as dextrose equivalent (DE), was detected after 24 min hydrolysis (1% SPP) in 0.034N HCl heated at 154°C. These samples also had 3.43% droxymethylfurfural (HMF) based on dry weight. A high level of HMF (9.2%) was detected in 1% SPP heated at 154° in 0.10N HCl for 18 min. The lowest concentration of HMF formed (1.8%), at maximal DE of 61%, was established in samples containing 5% SPP and heated at 154° in 0.034N HCl for 48 min. Aqueous extracts of uncured SPP, examined by HPLC, contained glucose, fructose and sucrose, but degraded SPP had only glucose and fructose. Products of degraded SPP, under appropriate conditions, could be used for alcohol fermentation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230417
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of Brevibacterium flavum cells on collagen for the production of glutamic acid in a recycle reactor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 899-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In this study, live cells of Brevibacterium flavum were immobilized for the production of glutamic acid. The reason for such a choice was that glutamic acid fermentation is an extensively studied fermentation and one which requires the viability of entire cellular faculties for the acid production. Brevibacterium flavum was chosen because it is an industrially used bacterium, and is very potent via a vis glutamic acid production. Studies were performed to find aeration and agitation conditions for optimal growth and glutamic acid productivity. Experiments were also done to find the optimum harvesting time. The cell activity peaks during the run of fermentation, and the time at which the peak occurs, was found. Conventional methods for immobilizing the cells on collagen were found to be lacking. The pH and drying were the two main reasons for loss of viability of the cells; the latter being more important. A modified immobilization procedure has been devised, which can immobilize live cells at any given pH and ionic strength, in contrast to the conventional method which requires the pH to be above 11 or below 3. This new method involves dialysis of collagen in suitable dialysis bags against water at pH7 (or buffer at any desired pH). The dialysed collagen blended at 20,000 rpm, resulted in a very smooth dispersion, unnoticeably different from collagen dispersion prepared at pH 11. The dispersed collagen was then cast and dried at an elevated temperature, and high air flow rate over the cast membrane, decreasing the time of drying from 6-8 hr ( in the conventional method) to 1.5-2 hr. The membrane has been tested for glutamic acid producing capabilities in a column reactor with the membrane spirally wound. The reactor has been operated under continuous conditions for 5-10 days with stable activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230419
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized in a glutaraldehyde-albumin matrix: Kinetics and cofactor diffusional effects*Dedicated to Professor G. Manecke on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 965-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This study was carried out to define how the overall rate of reaction would be influenced by different degrees of diffusional resistance to cofactor transport within an oxidoreductase membrane matrix. To accomplish this, 0.7-6.6μM yeast alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized in an albumin matrix crosslinked with 2.5 or 5.0% glutaraldehyde to give 102-1685 μM thick membranes. The enzyme half-life was at least doubled at pH 7.5 or 8.8 on immobilization. Values of the kinetic constants for the soluble and immobilized enzyme were determined at 25°C and pH 8.8 over the range of 0.01-1.0M bulk solution concentration of ethanol as substrate and 140-1000μM bulk solution concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as cofactor, to give essentially single substrate kinetics in NAD+. Equilibrium partitioning of ethanol and NAD+ between the solution and membrane was measured and used in the data analysis. The four kinetic constants for the soluble enzyme agreed with literature values; and all increased with immobilization of the enzyme. The Michaelis constants for NAD+ and for ethanol were greater for the immobilized enzyme. The diffusional resistance to NAD+ transport, presented in terms of the Thiele modulus, showed that the overall rate of reaction was decreased by about 50% even at values of the modulus as low as 2.0.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230506
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 426: Comparison of anaerobic and aerobic glucose limitation (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1023-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 426 was grown aerobically and anaerobically in a glucose-limited chemostat. The flows of biomass, glucose, ethanol, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glycerol, and the elemental composition of the biomass were measured. Models for anaerobic and aerobic growth are constructed. Values for YATP and P/O are obtained from continuous culture data for aerobic growth; this YATP value is compared with that obtained from the anaerobic growth results. The ratio between the heat produced and the oxygen consumed increases if more glucose in fermented to ethanol and carbon dioxide. An equation for φH/φO as a function of the respiratory quotient is given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230510
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conversion of the enzymatic hydrolysate of shellfish waste chitin to single-cell protein (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1067-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The conversion of the enzymatic hydrolysate of shellfish chitin waste to single-cell protein was investigated as part of a comprehensive waste treatment program. Forty-two yeasts were screened for ability to assimilate the monomer of chitin, N-acetylglucosamine, which has been shown to be the sole product of enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin. The Yeast Pichia Kudriavzevii was selected for study, based on ability to grow at high temperature (37°C and above), low pH (4.0 ± 0.5), and in a nutritionally simple medium. Growth rates of P. kudriavzevii were similar on N-acetylglucosamine and on the chitin hydrolysate. Dependencies of specific growth rate on temperature, pH, medium composition, and oxygen tension were studied. The variations of yield, protein content, and total nucleic acid content with the specific growth rate were evaluated. The amino acid distribution of the protein of P. kudriavzevii was obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230514
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enzymes in preparative organic synthesis: Coincidence of the pH optimum for catalyst effectiveness with the pH optimum for the catalyzed reaction equilibrium (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1115-1120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The study concerned the pH profile of the apparent equilibrium constant for synthesis of N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester from the respective acid and ethanol in the biphasic system chloroform + 5% (v/v) water. The substitution of water (as a reaction medium) for the biphasic aqueous-organic system shifted the pH profile toward neutral pH values. As a result the pH range thermodynamically conducive to synthesis of the final product in the biphasic system coincided with the pH optimum of the catalytic activity of the enzyme used (α-chymotrypsin). This approach should, in principle, be considered as general: first, per se it is independent of a catalyst (enzyme) nature; second, the biphasic method helps the shift ionic equilibria involving not only organic acids, but also bases. A physical mechanism of the ionic equilibrium shift is the same is both cases, namely, a preferable extraction from water into an organic phase of one generally nonionic (more hydrophobic) form of the reagent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230518
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stabilization of phosphorylating mitochondrial electron transport practicles and their use for ATP regeneration (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1103-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A possible use of phosphorylating mitochondrial electron transport particles (ETPH) has been investigated for ATP regeneration. The oxidative phosphorylation of ETPH was considerably inhibited by the hydrolytic activity of ATPase and adenylate kinase. The hydrolytic activity of ATPase and adenylate kinase were found to be intensively retarded in the presence of Mg2+. ETPH continuously regenerated ATP from ADP over 4 hr when suspended in an isotonic buffer containing ADP, succinate, and 100 mM MgSO4. Furthermore, repeated use of ETPH was possible for ATP regeneration primarily due to considerable stabilization of the electron transport system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230517
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lactate and ethanol as intermediates in two-phase anaerobic digestion (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1145-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The thermodynamics of the various anaerobic digestion patterns of hexose to methane are compared. It appears that by directing the hexose-hydrolysis phase towards ethanol and lactic acid production, methanogenesis can be enhanced because the syntrophic bacteria are allocated more potentially available energy. This hypothesis was confirmed in a series of laboratory test runs. They revealed that lactic acid and ethanol as intermediates, in comparison to lower volatile fatty acids, give rise to a considerably higher effluent quality and a slightly larger biogas production.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230521
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioenergetic analysis of mixotrophic growth in Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1121-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The specific growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris in the presence of glucose (mixotroph) was always larger than that in autotroph when the light intensity was less than 10 klux. However, Scenedesmus acutus behaved differently, i.e., when the light intensity was more than 6 klux, the specific growth rate in mixotroph became smaller than that in autotroph. Cellular contents of chlorophyll a and b in Scenedesmus acutus that deteriorated more markedly in mixotroph than those of Chlorella vulgaris could account for these different growth behaviors. In other words, mechanisms relevant to the photosynthesis and the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose seem to function independently with respect to Chlorella Vulugaris.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230519
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of the macroscopic electric charge balance in fermentation modeling (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1133-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This article treats the application of the macroscopic electric charge balance in fermentation modeling. From the presented calculations it follows that the definition formula of the so-called degree of reduction is changed due to the ionic character of the fermentation reactants. It is also shown that the macroscopic electric charge balance, together with the ionic equilibria between fermentation reactants, leads to an expression for the calculation of the pH during fermentation. Finally it is concluded that one should be very careful in the estimation of biomass production from the acid or base feed rates which are necessary for pH control.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230520
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of biological agents in the oxidation of glucose on black platinum electrodes (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1159-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230523
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of thickness of bacterial films at an air-water interface (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1155-1157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230522
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230601
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies of the effect of shear on globular proteins: Extension to high shear fields and to pumps (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1169-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230525
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A highly efficient electrolytic method for microorganism flocculation from aqueous cultures (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1165-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230524
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A two-phase oxygen uptake model of aerobic fermentations (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1193-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The mechanism of Solid particle flotation was used for explaining an alternative route of oxygen uptake by cells situated within the relatively stagnant liquid region adjacent to bubbles in a submerged culture. The Two-phase model of oxygen uptake takes into consideration uptake from both liquid and gaseous phases, the latter being denoted as the direct uptake. Experiments obtained with yeast cultures on different substrates were used to evaluate the proportion of both types of uptake. The combined model provides a better fit to experimental data compared to the one-phase model which omits the direct uptake. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the enhancement of oxygen absorption by cells present near the interface.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230603
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentors with the power introduced by aerating gas (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1171-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In the present work methods and results of investigations on optimal construction of fermentor elements by multifactor planning at a random number of levels of any factor are presented. The optimal design of column fermentor of 0.02-100 m3 volume with sieve plates containing downcomers and with power introduced by aerating gas has been worked out. Several alternative designs have been compared by examining mass transfer rates, power requirements, and other operating characteristics. Several fermentor designs with the power introduced by aerating gas are discussed with respect to their performance for cultivating various microorganisms (yeast and bacteria).
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230602
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of operating temperature for continuous glucose isomerase reactor system (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1237-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The Optimal temperature control policy for an immobilized glucose isomerase reactor system was studied. This optimization study takes into consideration the enzyme deactivation during the continuous reactor operation. The Kinetic parameters including reduced Michaelis-Menten constant (K̄m), reduced maximum reaction rate (V̄m), equilibrium constant (Ke), and enzyme deactivation constant (kd) and their functional relationships to temperature were determined experimentally. The optimization problem was formulated in terms of maximization of fructose productivity as the objective function. The optimization problem was solved by making use of a maximum principle and the control vector iteration method. Approximately optimal temperature control policy was employed as compared with the reactor operation at an optimum constant temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230606
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of immobilized α-chymotrypsin (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1219-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The thermal of free and immobilized α-chymotrypsin was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The inactivation process of free α-chymotrypsin was analyzed with a kinetic model which included a first- order reaction process and autolysis. The effects of ionic strength, Ca2+ concentration, and temperature are discussed here in terms of the estimated kinetic parameters included in this model. The inactivation process of α-chymotrypsin immobilized onto various supports by several methods was investigated. The Contribution of thermal denaturation and autolysis to the inactivation depended upon the method of immobilization. To interpret quantitatively the non-first-order thermal denaturation process of the immobilized enzyme, a model in which the heterogeneity of the immobilized enzyme was taken into account is proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230605
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Procedure for isolation of Thienamycin from fermentation broths (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1255-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An improved process for the isolation of thienamycin, produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces cattleya, has been developed. The isolation procedure consists of three chromatographic steps, volume reduction by reverse osmosis between the steps, and freezedrying for obtaining the final product. The chromatographic steps are as follows: (1) ion exchange chromatography on Dowex 1 × 2 resin in the bicarbonate cycle, (2) gel chromatography on Dowex 1 × 2 resin in the chloride cycle, (3) reverse phase chromatography on XAD-2 resin. This procedure is useful for processing large volumes of fermentation broth.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230607
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technological problems in cultivation of plant cells at high density (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1203-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Using Cudrania tricuspidata cells as model plant cells which have high sensitivity to hydrodynamic stress, technology problems in the cultivation of the plant cells at high density were investigated. Using “shake” flasks on a reciprocal shaker and Erlenmeyer flasks on a rotary shaker and with a high supply of oxygen on order to obtain high cell densities in shaken cultures, particles breakdown and damage to the largest cell aggregate group (above 1981 μm in diameter) occurred and normal cell growth became impeded. The mass-transfer coefficient (K)for a model solid-liquid system (β-naphthol particles and water) in place of a system of plant cells and a liquid medium was proposed as an intensity index of hydrodynamic stress effects on plant cells in subsequent cultures under various conditions in the bioreactor systems. Normal cell growth was obtained under culture conditions for K values less than about 4.4 × 10-3 cm/sec. The characteristics of various bioreactors used until now were investigated by considering the three main technological factors (capacity of oxygen supply, intensity of hydrodynamic stress effects on plant cells, and intensity of culture broth mixing and air-bubble desperation). The most suitable bioreactor for culturing plant cells at high density was ajar fermentor with a modified paddle-type impeller (J-M). The yield of cell mass in the 10-liter J-M (working volume 5 liter) was about 30 g dry weight per liter of medium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230604
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process development and evaluation for algal glycerol production (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1267-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This article and develops a process for large-scale production of glycerol by means of a hemophilic algae. The process is shown to be economically and technically feasible. Although the proposed process is extremely capital intensive, the total production cost is competitive with existing glycerol process. In addition, the overall energy requirement is much lower than that of the petrochemical process. This proposed process provides an alternative route for glycerol production that is minimally dependent on fossil fuels and is therefore, less sensitive to crude oil availability and price. The primary raw material carbon dioxide from stack gas, is an inexpensive and renewable resource. Maximal Utilization of solar energy is made not only in the glycerol synthesis steps but also in the product recovery system. Significant improvement in the process economics can be realized through further development of large-scale cultivation technology, and biomass distribution and collection machinery. Due to the labor intensive nature of the proposed algal process, it is particularly suitable for less developed nations with limited fossil fuel resources and lower labor costs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230608
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alcohol fermentation of sweet potato. Membrane reactor in enzymatic hydrolysis (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1297-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Use of Ultrafiltration membrane systems in stirred cell and in thin-Channel systems for immobilizing enzyme (sweet potato intrinsic and β-amylase) in hydrolysis of sweet potato through a continuous operation mode were studied. Both the filtration rate and reducing sugars, produced as the result of enzymatic hydrolysis, decreased with the filtration time. The immobilized enzymes in the thin-channel system showed a much better performance compared to that in the stirred cell system. Addition of crystalline sweet potato β-amylase to the sweet potato increased both the filtration rate and reducing-sugars content. Alcoholic fermentation of the filtrate resulted in an alcohol content of 4.2%. This represented fermentation of 95% of the sugars with an efficiency of 88%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230610
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of meso and racemic 2,3-butanediol by aqueous liquid chromatography (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1289-1296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Fermentation of xylose by Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 8724) producers meso and nonmeso 2,3-butaneodiol. The enzyme Kinetic of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomer formation from acetone is currently under study in our laboratory. Modeling of these kinetics requires resolution of meso and racemic 2,3-butanediol and positive identification of these resolved components. We report their resolution by aqueous liquid chromatography on both an analytical and a preparative scale. The resolved stereoisomer were identified by a combination of gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, optical activity, and, melting points of the m-dinitrobenzoyl eaters of meso and racemic 2,3-butanediol. An aqueous liquid chromatographic technique for resolving and qualifying major components of a butanediol fermentation mixture in 40 min is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230609
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A distributed parameter model for an airlift fermentor. Effects of pressure (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1309-1324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A previously presented model for an airlift fermentor is extended by considering the variations of pressure along the tubes. The fluid dynamics of the system is represented with the acid of correlations obtained from experiments. Only oxygen concentrations are considerations are considered. The influences of the various parameters affecting the system are analyzed. The model allows prediction of oxygen concentrations in the different points of an airlift fermentor and calculation of the best values of the gas flow rate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230611
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of carbohydrates by Thermomonospora sp. Grown on glucose, cellobiose, and cellulose (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1325-1338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Thermomonospora sp. was grown on glucose, cellobiose, and in order to study its growth characteristics with different carbohydrate substrates and to assess the validity of some of the assumptions made in a previously proposed model for the cellulose fermentation with this microorganism. It was observed that the nitrogen and protein contents of the cells are essentially constant during the fermentation and independent of the carbon source when glucose or cellobiose are utilized. Under oxygen starvation conditions it was shown that unidentification organic compound(s) accumulate(s) in the culture broth. Culture fluorescence was shown to be an excellent variable for monitoring and control of the fermentation process. This microorganism showed a preference for crystalline cellulose (Avicel) as substrate although it grows readily on a more amorphous cellulose (Solka Floc). The production of extra cellular protein is shown to be growth related. Data were obtained confirming the decrease in the number of active adsorption sites as the cause for the decrease in the cellulose digestion rate. It is suggested that a future model should account for the time change of surface characteristics of the cellulose particles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230612
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of cellulases by Thermomonospora sp. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1339-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Glucose, cellulose, Avicel, and Solka Floc were utilized as substrates for growth of Thermomonospora sp in order to study the induction-repression characteristics of its associated cellulase system. While glucose proved to be an effective repressor of the cellulase enzymes, the other three substrates induced relatively high levels of enzyme activity as measured by the filter paper assay. On a unit cell mass basis the highest values of cellulase activity were obtained when Avicel was utilized as the carbon and energy source. The nature of the cellulosic material and its initial concentration were identified as two very important parameters of the induction process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230613
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interrelationship among specific rates of cell growth, substrate consumption, and metabolite formation in some simple microbial reactions producing primary metabolites (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1373-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Applying the carbon balance principle, the interrelationship between ν = μ/Y + m (μ is the specific growth rate of microorganism, v is the specific substrate consumption rate) and π = Aμ B (Luedeking-Piret eqyuation, π is the specific metabolite formation rate) has been established for three types of simple microbial reactions. Equations for the kinetic parameters A and B have been proposed for each of the three types of microbial reactions, Expresses in terms of γx, γs and γp (carbon contents of dry cell, mass, major carbon energy source, and metabolite) as well as the parameters Y and m. Values of both A and B calculated from the proposed equations were compared with their experimental data for lactic acid fragmentation, aerobic SCP production, and alcohol fermentation. The estimated values agreed with the observed ones with reasonably small deviations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230616
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Construction of a stirred batch reactor for the analysis of immobilized enzymes (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1389-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230617
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of the surfactant tween 80 on enzymatic hydrolysis of newspaper (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1365-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of Tween 80 on the enzymatic hydrolysis of newspaper were tested. By monitoring sugar production it was found that the surfactant (0.1%) increased the rate and extent of cellulose saccharification. Consequently, the rate of enzyme usage in the hydrolysis reactor was improved by 33%. In addition, in the presence of surfactant the recovery of enzymes was higher. Analysis of the enzyme solution showed that with Tween 80 present larger fractions of enzyme remained in solution throughout hydrolysis. Thus, it appears that the surfactant hindered the immobilization of the enzymes on the substrates by reducing the strength of adsorption.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230615
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A kinetic equation for hydrolysis of polysaccharides by mixed exo- and endoenzyme systems (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1393-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230618
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A unified partition coefficient theory for chromatography, immobilized enzyme kinetics, and affinity chromatographyPaper No. 6451 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh. North Carolina. The use of tradenames in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service of the products named, nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1349-1363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A unified treatment of systems containing immobilized biochemical and chromatographic systems was developed from basic thermodynamic considerations of partitioning in biphasic systems. Division of the overall partitions coefficient into electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions provided an effective stratagem for analysis of these systems. The properties of both strong and weak ionogenic matrices were explored. It was Found that the matrix charge concentration and the bulk solutions pH and ionic strength completely determine the electrostatic partition coefficient. Hence, the relationships developed allow prediction of partition coefficients from readily obtainable experimental parameters. It was also shown that even at low concentrations, the presence of immobilized protein can alter the properties of the matrix phase. However, a weak ionogenic matrix has an unusual property which allows for a biological switching device. Ina characteristics pH range, such matrices will maintain a constant micro environmental pH while the partitioning of a substrate ion is greatly variable. Finally, the theoretical treatment suggests simple procedures for determination of binding constants from affinity or adsorption chromatography.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230614
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Controlling temperature by direct liquid-liquid heat exchange in continuous bioreactors (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1399-1400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230619
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation among viability criteria (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1407-1408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230621
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of temperature on the maximum specific growth rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1401-1405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230620
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxygen mass transfer requirements during the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on iron pyrite (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1413-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230623
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hyperbolic kinetics may be a result of a common metabolic signal (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1409-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230622
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230701
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protein recovery from leafy crop residues during biomass refining (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1417-1420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230624
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth of cellulolytic bacteria on sugarcane bagasse (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1423-1429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The growth behavior of Cellulomonas has been examined in fermentation system using alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse. During the batch operation diauxic growth was found which would not seem to be explained by catabolic repression. The relative variation of cellulose and hemicellulose during the fermentation process suggests the initial utilization of easily degradable substrate, i.e., hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose, until their concentration becomes limiting, followed by utilization of the crystalline cellulose. The conversion of substrate was 70% with a yield of 0.355 g of biomass per gram of bagasse feed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230702
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of the isomerization of D-glucose into D-fructose catalyzed by glucose isomerase containing Arthrobacter cells in immobilized and nonimmobilized form (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1437-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The kinetic properties of immobilized and nonimmobilized glucose isomerase have been investigated. In both cases the kinetics can be described by a modified Michaelis-Menten expression. It appeared that immobilization causes no deactivation. Furthermore, it was shown that the permeability of the cell membrane increases by heat and toluene treatments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230704
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation pattern of sucrose to ethanol conversions by Zymomonas mobilis (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1449-1460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: General patterns of sucrose fermentation by two strains of Zymomonas mobilis, designated Z7 and Z10, were established using sucrose concentrations from 50 to 200 g/liter. Strain Z7 showed a higher invertase activity than Z10. Strain Z10 showed a reduced specific growth rate at high sucrose concentration while Z7 was unaffected. High sucrose hydrolyzing activity in strain Z7 lead to glucose accumulation in the medium at high sucrose concentrations. Ethanol production and fermentation time depend on the rate of catabolism of the products of sucrose hydrolysis, glucose and fructose. The metabolic quotients for sucrose utilization, qs, and ethanol production, qp (g/g·hr), are unsuitable for describing sucrose utilization by Zymomonas mobilis, as the logarithmic phase of growth precedes the phase of highest substrate utilization (g/liter·hr) and ethanol production (g/liter·hr) in batch culture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230705
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation of bagasse crystallinity and cellulase activity during the fermentation of Cellulomonas bacteria (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1431-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A characteristic behavior of the fermentation process was observed during the growth of Cellulomonas on sugarcane bagasse. At the early stage of the fermentation the crystallinity index of bagasse increased, suggesting that the major metabolized fraction corresponded to the hemicellulose during this stage. Some time later the crystallinity achieved a steady state and then deceased, which indicated that the most complex structure of bagasse was being attacked. The analysis of the cellulolytic activity of extracellular enzyme in the medium showed a sharp increase followed by an abrupt leveling off and decline in activity. These results along with the reduction of crystallinity index and bagasse utilization (70%) justify the assumption that the C1 component was present in the cellulase complex synthesized by the bacteria.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230703
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alcohol production from jerusalem artichoke using yeast with inulinase activity (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1461-1465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The obtaining of a fermentable extract from Jerusalem artichoke is simple. Yeasts with inulinase activity can be used to produce ethanol with good profitability. This method makes it possible to obtain 25 to 65 hl ethanol/ha with by-products usable as feed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230706
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel method for determining the parameters of microbial kinetics (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1485-1490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: It is conventional to describe the relationship between the specific rate of microbial growth and the concentration of the inhibitory substrate in terms of the Andrews-Edwards equation. A novel method for establishing the constants of this equation is presented. The equation is transformed to a polynomial and the empirical data are approximated by a quadratic polynomial. The results obtained for the biodegradation of phenol in a mixed culture (activated sludge) are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230708
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Automatic control for fed-batch culture of single cell protein (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1491-1499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Candida utilis was cultivated in a 5-liter jar fermentor using ethanol as sole carbon source. Control of ethanol in the cultivation broth was performed by using an ethanol vapor monitoring instrument and an oxygen electrode coupled with two control circuits. By setting upper and lower bounds according to the predetermined conditions, a signal from a gas monitoring sensor switched the lower or higher bound relay governing the actuating or switch-off of the motor; this maintained a proper concentration of ethanol in the cultivation of ethanol in the system. The growth of cells was found to be satisfactory. Cell concentration reached 64 g/liter during a 20-hr cultivation. As the results of comparative experiments, the control mode using the gas monitoring instrument was found to be superior to that using dissolved oxygen as a controlling signal, especially at high cell concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230709
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of glucose oxidase system in measuring aeration capacity of fermentors. Comparison of the dynamic and steady-state methods of kla measurement (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1467-1484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A steady-state method for kla determination has been presented using the Michaelis-Menten two-substrate kinetic equation for oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzymes glucose oxidase and excess catalase. The conditions have been specified where spontaneous hydrolysis of lactone is sufficiently rapid, thus eliminating inhibitory action of lactone on the oxidation. In glucose oxidase-free batches, the kla values were determined using various modification of the dynamic method. The dynamic methods in which gas interchange was effected without interrupting aeration and agitation of the batch yielded erroneously lower kla values as compared to the results of steady-state methods if the measured kla value was higher than 0.03 s-1. The values yielded by the dynamic method in which the gas interchange was effected at the same time with turning on aeration and agitation of the batch agreed with values resulting from the steady-state method provided that the measured kla values were lower than 0.08-1 and the simultaneous interfacial transport of nitrogen and oxygen had been taken into account in the evaluation. At kla values higher than 0.08 -1, this modification of the dynamic method also yielded lower kla values as compared with the outcome of the steady-state method. The experiments performed do not, however, allow one to decide unambiguously on the whether these lower kla values are due to failure of the adopted model to describe adequately the dynamic behavior of the system or whether they are true values differing from those yielded by the steady-state method on account of different physical properties of compared batches.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230707
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Membrane reactor for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1501-1516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A pressurized, stirred vessel attached with an ultrafiltration membrane was used as a membrane reactor, Cellobiose hydrolysis by cellobiase was carried out and theoretically analyzed in terms of steady-state conversion and flow rate through the membrane. When the flow rate exceeds a critical value, a significant fraction of the enzyme inside the reactor is localized in the concentration polarization layer where shear from stirring is high. Consequently, enzyme deactivation inside the concentration polarization layer is accelerated and the conversion decreases due to an exchange of active enzyme in bulk with deactivated enzyme in the polarization layer via convection and back diffusion. Successful operation can be obtained at flow rates lower than the critical point to avoid the polarization and thus the deactivation. It is shown that 6.5 L of 2 mg/mL of cellobiose solution is hydrolyzed to glucose with a conversion of 91% in 20 h with 1.617 mg of cellobiase enzyme, in a reactor attached with a PM 10 membrane of an effective surface area of 39.2 cm2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230710
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of multiproduct fermentations (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1517-1525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A simple model for biomass, product, and substrate evolution proposed previously for batch polysaccharide fermentations is extended to multiproduct fermentations. The examples involve Clostridium thermocellum, (ATCC 27405) fermentations of glucose to four products (ethanol, acetic, formic, and lactic acid), of fructose to two products (ethanol and acetic acid), and of cellobiose to two products (ethanol and acetic acid). In all cases, parameter evaluation was carried out in a serial deterministic procedure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230711
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioconversion of wheat straw to ethanol: Chemical modification, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentationThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1527-1535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Native wheat straw (WS) was pretreated with various concentrations of H2SO4 and NaOH followed by secondary treatments with ethylene diamine (EDA) and NH4OH prior to enzymatic saccharification. Conversion of the cellulosic component to sugar varied with the chemical modification steps. Treatment solely with alkali yield 51-75% conversion, depending on temperature. Acid treatment at elevated tempeatures showed a substantial decrease in the hemicellulose component, whereas EDA-treated WS (acid pretreated) showed a 69-75% decrease in the lignin component. Acid-pretreated EDA-treated straw yielded a 98% conversion rate, followed by 83% for alkali-NH4OH treated straws. In other experiments, WS was pretreated with varying concentration of H2SO4 or NaOh followed by NH4OH treatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment of straw with 2% NaOH for 4 h coupled to enzymatic hydrolysis yield a 76% conversion of the cellulosic component. Acid-base combination pretreatment yielded only 43% conversions. A reactor column was subsequently used to measure modification-saccharification-fermentation for wheat straw conversion on a larger scale. Thirty percent conversions of wheat straw cellulosics to sugar were observed with subsequent fermentation to alcohol. The crude cellulase preparation yielded considerable quantities of xylose in addition to the glucose. Saccharified materials were fermented directly with actively proliferating proliferating yeast cells without concentration of the sugars.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230712
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The inhibition of β-glucosidase activity in Trichoderma reesei C30 cellulase by derivatives and isomers of glucose (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1553-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The inhibition of β-glucosidase in Trichoderma reesei C30 cellulase by D-glucose, its isomers, and derivatives was studied using cellobiose and ρ-nitrophenyl-β-glucoside (PNPG) as substrates for determining enzyme activity. The enzymatic hydrolysis of both substrates was inhibited competitively by glucose with approximate Ki values of 0.5mM and 8.7mM for cellobiose and PNPG as substrate, respectively. This inhibition by glucose was maximal at pH 4.8, and no inhibition was observed at pH 6.5 and above. The α anomer of glucose inhibited β-glucosidase to a greater extent than did the β form. Compared with D-glucose, L-glucose, D-glucose-6-phosphate, and D-glucose-1-phosphate inhibited the enzyme to a much lesser extent, unlike D-glucose-L-cysteine which was almost as inhibitory as glucose itself when cellobiose was used as substrate. Fructose (2-100mM) was found to be a poor inhibitor of the enzyme. It is suggested that high rates of cellobiose hydrolysis catalyzed by β-glucosidase may be prolonged by converting the reaction product glucose to fructose using a suitable preparation of glucose isomerase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230714
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of immobilized hydrogenase for the detritiation of water (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1537-1551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Detritiation of contaminated water is an essential part of nuclear power production. Most promising methods used for this process are based on catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange reactions. It is proposed herein to replace the platinum catalysts which are currently used in industry with immobilized hydrogenase. Whole bacterial cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus immobilized in calcium alginate or κ-carrageenan gels were found to be efficient catalysts of the reaction of hydrogen-tritium (H-T) exchange in both a batch tank reactor and in a column. The dependence of the reaction rate on the amount of immobilized cells in the system, and on the concentration of the cells in the matrix, indicate that enzymatic H-T exchange is not controlled by diffusion. Immobilized A. eutrophus cells are enzymatically active over a wide range of pH, with a broad maximum from pH 6.0 to 8.0, and are quite resistant to inhibitors of hydrogenases such as O2 and CO. Upon increasing the temperature from 4 to 37°C, the rate of hydrogenase-catalyzed H-T exchange increases by a factor of 5. From the standpoint of catalytic efficiency, 1 g of PtO2 is approximately equivalent to 10 g of cells (wet weight). In contrast of platinum-based catalysts, bacterial hydrogenases (1) are potentially inexpensive; (2) can be readily available in bulk quantities; (3) are maximally active in liquid water.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230713
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Instabilities of product formation in a fed-batch culture of Penicillium chrysogenum (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1563-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: By investigation of a model of benzylpenicillin fermentation it was demonstrated that high fermentation productivity is connected with low stability. The increasing instability is not the result of external disturbances but of peculiarities inherent to the system. The main process variables and the essential parameters were selected by analysis of data obtained from fermentation runs in a pilot plant. By simulation on an analog computer it was shown that the proposed model gives a sufficient description of the kinetic behavior of the fermentation runs. By varying the initial conditions it was possible to obtain two types of fermentation runs. One type is distinguished by a high productivity connected with low initial concentrations of sucrose. An increase of the initial sucrose concentration also causes an increase of productivity. When a certain value of this concentration is exceeded a changeover to a faster growth of biomass takes place combined with the breakdown of productivity. The same phenomenon occurs at a defined initial concentration of sucrose if a disturbance of oxygen transfer rate takes place. Whether the culture stays in the one or in the other state after the disturbance has passed depends on the duration, the strength, and the beginning of the disturbance. In the pilot plant similar behavior can be observed. The sensitivity of fermentation processes to disturbances increases with the increase of productivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230715
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of inhibition caused by long-chain fatty acids in anaerobic digestion process (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1591-1610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty acids on the anaerobic digestion process was examined in batch experiments using synthetic substrates. The addition of long-chain fatty acids caused the appearance of the appearance of the lag period in the methane production from acetate and in the degradation of both long-chain fatty acids and n-butyrate. Methane production from hydrogen proceeded without lag period although its rate was lowered. Fermentation of glucose was not inhibited. Neutral fat in the whole milk was easily hydrolyzed to long-chain fatty acids, which brought about the inhibition. The addition of calcium chloride reduced the inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty but it did not do so after the culture had been exposed to long-chain fatty acids for more than several hours. The addition of calcium carbonate could not reduce the inhibition because of its insolubility.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230717
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved method for the dynamic measurement of mass transfer coefficient for application to solid-substrate fermentation (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1611-1622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new method has been developed for the measurement of overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) in gas-liquid-solid systems. This method is based on the examination of gas phase dynamics in a three-phase contactor and consists of measuring continuously the response of the outlet gas composition to a step input change of CO2 in the inlet gas stream. The advantages and limitations of the new method are presented and its sensitivity is discussed on the basis of model predictions. Preliminary results on the implementation of the CO2 method are also reported. Experimental data obtained in a nonviscous electrolyte solution show that the proposed method compares favorably with the conventional dissolved oxygen technique, provided that a correction is made to take account of the difference in diffusivity of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230718
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Eeffect of pH on growth in a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1623-1637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of pH on the budding cycle of a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigation by monitoring the time course of bud development on single cells. The volume of each bud was measured at various time intervals between the inception of its development and inception of development of the next bud on the mother cell. A previous report that the budding cycle consisted of two phases (a rapid-growth phase and a slow-growth phase) was confirmed. With increase in pH from 3.8 to 6.0 the budding cycle shortened as a result of both increase in rate of the rapid-growth phase and decrease in the duration of the slow-growth phase. Although further increase in pH to 7.4 further increased the rate of the rapid-growth phase, the budding cycle lengthened as a result of an increase in time lag and increase in duration of the slow-growth phase. The growth rate, in terms of bud volume, conformed with the expression: (1/V)(dV/dτ) = ξ exp(-V/η), where the values of ξ and η were dependent on pH. The cell volume distribution in a batch culture was compared with the cell volume distribution calculated from the growth curve of a single bud. Similarities in the curves suggested that the growth pattern of a whole culture reflected the growth pattern of a single cell.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230719
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparative investigation of various cellulase assay procedures (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1573-1590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The cellulolytic activity of crude enzyme preparations from different cellulolytic fungi (namely Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma Koningii, Fusarium solani, Sporotrichum pulverulentum, Sporotrichum thermophile) was assayed comparatively with several common analytical procedures described in the literature. The investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating, with raw culture filtrates, the different cellulase tests in relation to their specificity for endo- and exo-cellulase action as well as to allow comparisons to be made between results from different research groups using different methods. (1)Cellulase activity was tested viscometrically as well as chemically (determination of reducing end groups) with different carboxymethylcelluloses as substrates. Essentially constant ratios between both kinds of activities were obtained, indicating that they are directly related. Nevertheless, international units of activity, calculated from viscometric measurements (glycosidic bonds broken per unit time) were considerably lower than international units deduced from the increase in reducing power (glucose equivalents liberated per unit time), this discrepancy most likely accounted for by the predominant influence of the exo-cellulase component in cellulase tests based on the determination of reducing eng groups. (2) By estimating cellulase activity with insoluble cellulosic substrates no direct relationship could be established with the above-described activities except in the case where the cellulose was amorphous. The ratio profile between activities thus obtained and endo-cellulase activities determined viscometrically shows that some enzyme preparations (such as those from both Trichoderma sp.) are clearly more active than others against crystalline cellulose reflecting quantitative differences in enzyme composition. Nevertheless, for a biological understanding of cellulolysis. analytical procedures using crystalline celluloses are not adequate for specifically monitoring exo-cellulase activity in crude enzyme solutions for essentially two reasons: (a) they are not sufficiently sensitive to detect small changes in enzyme activity during the early phase of growth, and (b) exo-cellulase activity in crude enzyme solutions also depends on the endo-cellulase activity present.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230716
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of cultural factors on cellulase activity and protein production by Aspergillus terreus (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1653-1659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Protein production by Aspergillus terreus GN1 grown on 1.0% alkali-treated bagasse was studied under various cultural conditions. The maximum biomass protein content of 20.1% and protein recovery of 11.2% was obtained with an initial pH of 4.0, with 1/5 (v/v) inoculum in continuously shaken cultures grown for seven days. Protein content of the alkali-treated bagasse was 3.0%. Highest crude protein percent also corresponded with highest carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper enzyme activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230721
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mixed cultures: Commensalism and competition with Proteus vulgaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1639-1651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Several modes of interaction are demonstrated and modeled in the Proteus vulgaris-Saccharomyces cerevisiae system, in particular, commensalism (citrate present. glucose limiting, the nicotinic acid required by the bacterium supplied by the yeast), and commensalism and competition [citrate absent, both organisms compete for the same limiting carbon source (glucose) and the yeast supplies the nicotinic acid for the bacterium]. By varying the medium component concentrations, competition (citrate absent, glucose limiting, nicotinic acid not limiting), mutualism (citrate excess, glucose limiting, nicotinic acid absent), and neutralism (citrate limiting, glucose limiting, and nicotinic acid excess) could also be created. Kinetic models for commensalism and commensalism plus competition were developed to describe cell growth, substrate utilization, and nicotinic acid production. Good agreement with experiment was obtained for the commensalism case.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230720
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of a continuous anaerobic culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae to variation of pH (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1661-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230722
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Covalent attachment of papain to p-benzoquinone-activated cellulose (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1669-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230723
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230801
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of immobilized aminoacylase from Micrococcus agilis for isolation of D-phenylglycine from its racemic mixture (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1675-1681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The procedure for isolation of D-phenylglycine from its racemic mixture by enzymatic hydrolysis of L-enantiomer of N-acetyl-D,L-phenylglycine is described. For this hydrolysis. aminoacylase from Micrococcus agilis immobilized by sorption of DEAE-cellulose was applied. As is also shown, the course of enzymatic reaction can be directly controlled by spectrophotometric method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230802
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of nitrification using a fluidized sand bed reactor with attached growth (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1683-1702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The oxidation of ammonium ion to nitrite and nitrate ion (nitrification) has been studied in a laboratory scale fluidized sand bed reactor with attached microbial growth. The undefined population of Nitrobacteracea organisms were immobilized on the sand particles by natural attachment after 2-3 months of adaptation. General balance equations have been formulated for a recycle reactor and oxygenation tank system. Kinetic experiments in the reactor and in a microrespirometer have been analyzed in terms of double Michaelis-Menten rate expression for the nitrogenous reactants and dissolved oxygen. Dynamic simulation of the batch integral reactor system was used to establish the error in the kinetic constant which arose due to assuming differential behavior. Design guidelines have been developed for the oxygen requirements in terms of oxygen transfer coefficients, oxygen enrichment, and liquid recycle rate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230803
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrolysis of triglyceride by solid phase lipolytic enzymes of Rhizopus arrhizus in continuous reactor systems (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1703-1719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Continuous hydrolysis of triglyceride in organic solvent systems using Rhizopus arrhizus mycelia as a source of insolubilized lipase has been studied in packed-bed and stirred-tank reactors. Typically a packed bed reactor containing 1 g of mycelia fed at 1 mL/min with a solution of 2.5% (w/v) olive oil in di-isopropyl ether gave a fatty acid yield of 45% at 30°C. The optimum water concentration was found to be 0.17% (w/v) except under conditions of high oil feed concentration and high yield where no optimum was established. No temperature optimum was observed over the range 20-55°C. Calculated activation energies of 13-20 kJ/mol, depending on temperature, were lower, while Km(app) values of 0.1-0.3M were higher than those for hydrolysis in conventional aqueous emulsion systems. No evidence of any significant diffusional limitation, which could account for these values, was obtained. The mycelia showed a loss of activity of 0.6-1.0%h at 30°C. The packed bed proved markedly superior to the stirred tank for this system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230804
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of oxyreductases on inorganic supports based on alumina. Immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase on alumina by adsorption (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1721-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was adsorbed on low-(γ, η) and high -(θ, α) temperature forms of alumina. θ-Al2O3 exhibited the greatest adsorption ability. The maximum adsorption value was 30 mg LDH/g of a carrier. The conditions for irreversible adsorption have been determined. An adsorption isotherm on θ-Al2O3 for pH 6.0 has been obtained; the LDHads surface area and the carrier surface portion accessible to the enzyme molecules have been calculated. The reaction kinetic parameter were determined by taking into account the reaction proceeding in the intradiffusional region. The specific catalytic activity (Aspec) of LDHads at small surface coverage of θ-Al2O3 is five times less than Aspec of the native enzyme and KMimm with respect to NADH exceeds KMnat by two orders or magnitude. The is evidence for a strong LDH-Al2O3 interaction and a considerable deformation of the enzyme globule. Aspec and KM decrease as the amount of the enzyme attached to the carrier increases. Due to adsorption. LDH becomes thermostable and durable. The LDHads samples conserve 20-40% of their activity at room temperature during a year.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230805
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A mathematical model for the aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a saturated respiratory capacity (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1735-1762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mathematical model for the aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in both batch and continuous culture is described. It was based on the experimental observation that the respiratory capacity of organism may become saturated and exhibit a maximum specific oxygen uptake rate after suitable adaptation. This experimental observation led to the possibility that transport into and out of the mitochondrion was of major importance in the overall metabolism of S. cerevisiae and was subject to long-term adaptation. Consistent with this observation a distributed model was proposed which. as its basis, assumed the control of repression or inhibition of the uptake rates of other substrates. No other regulation of fermentation and respiration was assumed. The model provided a suitable structure allowing precise quantification of the changes in rate and stoichiometry of energy production. The model clearly indicated that growth under the wide range of experimental conditions reported could not be predicted using constant values for the maximum specific respiratory rate of constant values of YATP (g biomass/mol ATP) and PO ratio of (mol ATP/atom oxygen). The causes of the variation in the respiratory rate were not determined and it was concluded that a more detailed analysis (reported subsequently) was required. The variation of YATP and PO ratio with specific growth rate implied that the efficiency of ATP generation or ATP utilization decreased with increasing specific growth rate. It was concluded that it was not possible to quantify the individual effect of YATP and PO ratio until independent means for their reliable estimation is available.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230806
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation of the integration of the internal energy metabolism and cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1763-1795 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A computer simulation of the integration of the internal energy metabolism and the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. This was attempted, for the first time, as a result of the observation that in this organism the overall or average external metabolic exchange rates often differed considerably from the internal metabolic fluxes which they are normally assumed to represent. This was the result of such factors as the variation in the nature of the metabolism of the organism depending on its stage in the cell cycle and redox interactions between anabolism and catabolism. The overall result of this simulation is the prediction of the internal metabolic fluxes consistent with the experimentally determined external fluxes. While these simulation depend on the assumption regarding the energetics and cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, they provide a means of examining with precision such processes as the energetics of cell growth and cell cycle variation. As a result, within these limitation, they allow the systematic study of coordinated cell control. Such an approach provides a useful and largely unused adjunct to the experimental approaches which have attempted the study of coordinated metabolic regulation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230807
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of earthworms as a potentially economical source of protein (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1797-1811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The main objectives of this study were (1) to determine the optimum frequency for transferring a fixed population of Eisenia foetida into fresh surroundings to effect maximum production of earthworm biomass, (2) to determine carrying capacity and maximum production of E. foetida biomass per unit area-volume-time at 24°C, and (3) to measure the nucleic acid concentration of this earthworm. Population were rapidly decimated in limed peat moss with horse manure as food when transferred weekly or when held for ten weeks in the same substrate; no significant differences and high survival obtained at intermediate intervals. Significantly more cocoons were produced when transfers were made every two weeks, and a trend was seen toward a lower level of cocoon production with length of detention in substrate. The growth rate of adults was approximately similar in relation to the frequency of transfer, as was biomass, at transfer frequencies of every 2 to 9 weeks. One interpretation of the data is that a detention interval of 6 to 8 weeks is optimum for maximizing production of biomass; eight weeks is the interval commonly selected in commercial practices. Carrying was 9.5 g live weight on a surface area-volume of 24 cm2-110 cm3 with horse manure as food on 20 g of soil as substrate; maximum production in this space was 2 g live weight in 7 weeks, which extrapolates to 6685 kg protein/ha yr. Nucleic acid concentration was 2.9%, which falls below values of about 6-28% obtained for microbes, and may exceed values for mammalian muscle by about twofold.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230808
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The production of ethanol by immobilized yeast cells (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1813-1825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads for use in the continuous production of ethanol. Yeasts were grown in medium supplemented with ethanol to selectively screen for a culture which showed the greatest tolerance to ethanol inhibition. Yeast beads were produced from a yeast slurry containing 1.5% alginate (w/v) which was added as drops to 0.05M CaCl2 solution. To determine their optimum fermentation parameters, ethanol production using glucose as a substrate was monitored in batch systems at varying physiological conditions (temperature, pH, ethanol concentration), cell densities, and gel concentration. The data obtained were compared to optimum free cell ethanol fermentation parameters. The immobilized yeast cells examined in a packed-bed reactor system operated under optimized parameters derived from batch-immobilized yeast cell experiments. Ethanol production rates, as well as residual sugar concentration were monitored at different feedstock flow rates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230809
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhanced production of cellulase, hemicellulase, and β-glucosidase by Trichoderma reesei (Rut C-30) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1837-1849 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The Production of cellulases and Hemicellulases was studied with Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30, This organism produced, together with high cellulase activities, considerable amounts of xylanases and β-glucosidase. Three cellulose concentration (1, 2.5, and 5.0%) were examined to determined the maximum levels of cellulase activity obtainable in submerged culture. Temperature and pH profiling was used to increase cell mass to maximum levels within two days and thereby enhancing fermentor productivity at higher substrate levels. The effect of temperature, pH, Tween-80 concentration, carbon sources, and substrate concentration on the ration of mycelial growth and extracellulose enzyme production are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230811
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