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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF α-AMYLASE IMMOBILIZED ON COLLAGEN MEMBRANES (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crystalline pancreatic α-amylase was codispersed with hide collagen at pH 4.0 and tanned to form a membrane which degraded starch. The optimum pH for the codispersed membrane preparation was at pH 7.0 in contrast to the soluble enzyme which was as active at pH 8.0 as at pH 7.0. The immobilized enzyme responded maximally to 0.22M chloride whereas 0.02M chloride gave optimum rates for the soluble enzyme. The immobilized enzyme resisted thermal inactivation better than the soluble α-amylase. Raising the temperatures from 30 ° to 50 °C produced a 500% increase in rate for the bound enzyme. It was also demonstrated that membranes retained greater activity when stored in starch solution than in water. The effect of glutaraldehyde concentration on membrane activity was also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb02933.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extension of the Dual Sorption Theory and Its Relation to Transport Phenomena in Biologically Active Membranes (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 16 (1977), S. 82-87 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i160061a017
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF RIGOROUS OPTIMIZATION METHODS TO THE CONTROL AND OPERATION OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 326 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb14162.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glucose oxidase immobilized on collagen (1973)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 1 (1973), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The enzyme glucose oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.4) was immobilized on collagen — a proteinaceous material found in biological systems as a structural material for a wide variety of cells and membranes. The novel technique of electrocodeposition, which utilizes the principles of electrophoresis, was used to deposit the enzyme-collagen complex on stainless steel helical supports. This technique has been developed in our laboratory. The mechanism of complex formation between collagen and enzyme involves multiple salt linkages, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. As a first step toward examining its feasible technical use, the kinetic behavior of the collagen-supported glucose oxidase was studied in a batch recycle type reactor and was compared with that for the soluble form. A novel reactor configuration consisting of multiple concentric electrocodeposited helical coils was used. The reactor was found to attain a stable level of activity which was maintained for several months under cyclic testing. The optimum levels of pH and temperature for the immobilized form of the enzyme were the same as those of the soluble enzyme, but the immobilized enzyme was more active than the soluble form at higher temperatures and pH. The values of the Michaelis-Menten parameters indicate that the overall reaction rate of the immobilized enzyme may be partially restricted by bulk and matrix diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01659949
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid transformation at high substrate concentrations using immobilized Corynebacterium simplex cells (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 119-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steroid transformation of hydrocortisone to prednisolone, combining the two techniques of immobilized whole cells and high steroid concentrations, was investigated and found to be a feasible process. Freeze-dried Corynebacterium simplex cells were immobilized in collagen, tanned with glutaraldehyde, and cast into a membrane. The reaction was studied at hydrocortisone concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg/ml. The following aspects of the system were examined: (1) the substrate concentration effect upon the reaction; (2) the effect of enzyme concentration; (3) the rate-concentration relationship; and (4) the product inhibition characteristics of the system. The optimal substrate concentration was found to be 15 mg/ml of a membrane concentration of 80 mg/ml. This reaction attained an 80% conversion in 48 hr. A liner relation was found between the initial reaction rate and membrane concentration. One can thus increase the net production of steroid per unit volume and time by increasing the membrane levels. A physical limit to this increase occurred at membrane concentrations greater than 125 mg/ml. The rate-concentration relationship was linear when graphed on a Line weaver-Burk plot: giving a Km′ and Vm′ value of 5.39 mg/ml and 0.556 mg/ml/hr, respectively. When the data were tested for competitive product inhibition, the curves fitted the experimental points fairly well and produced Km′ and Vm′ values of 4.52 mg/ml and 0.566 mg/ml/hr, respectively. Product inhibition experiments showed that the inhibition was not purely competitive. At low substrate concentrations, product inhibited the enzyme; at high substrate concentrations, the enzyme was first stimulated and then depressed by increasing levels of products. This behavior has been analyzed and shown to be possibly a result of the information of a tertiary intermediate produced during the reaction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of Brevibacterium flavum cells on collagen for the production of glutamic acid in a recycle reactor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 899-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, live cells of Brevibacterium flavum were immobilized for the production of glutamic acid. The reason for such a choice was that glutamic acid fermentation is an extensively studied fermentation and one which requires the viability of entire cellular faculties for the acid production. Brevibacterium flavum was chosen because it is an industrially used bacterium, and is very potent via a vis glutamic acid production. Studies were performed to find aeration and agitation conditions for optimal growth and glutamic acid productivity. Experiments were also done to find the optimum harvesting time. The cell activity peaks during the run of fermentation, and the time at which the peak occurs, was found. Conventional methods for immobilizing the cells on collagen were found to be lacking. The pH and drying were the two main reasons for loss of viability of the cells; the latter being more important. A modified immobilization procedure has been devised, which can immobilize live cells at any given pH and ionic strength, in contrast to the conventional method which requires the pH to be above 11 or below 3. This new method involves dialysis of collagen in suitable dialysis bags against water at pH7 (or buffer at any desired pH). The dialysed collagen blended at 20,000 rpm, resulted in a very smooth dispersion, unnoticeably different from collagen dispersion prepared at pH 11. The dispersed collagen was then cast and dried at an elevated temperature, and high air flow rate over the cast membrane, decreasing the time of drying from 6-8 hr ( in the conventional method) to 1.5-2 hr. The membrane has been tested for glutamic acid producing capabilities in a column reactor with the membrane spirally wound. The reactor has been operated under continuous conditions for 5-10 days with stable activities.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling, optimization, and computer control of the cephalosporin C fermentation process (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, a cephalosporin C producing strain, Cephalosporium acremonium (ATCC 36225), was chosen to determine the optimal conditions that maximize antibiotic production in a mixed substrate of glucose and sucrose. A model for cell growth and cephalosporin C production at different pH and temperature was developed and the associated parameters were evaluated experimentally. Pontryagin's maximum principle, in conjunction with the model, was used to predict the optimal temperature and pH control profiles to maximize the production of antibiotic.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of batch fermentation processes. I. Development of mathematical models for batch penicillin fermentations. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 803-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two kinds of mathematical models have been developed for batch penicillin fermentations: (1) general models, based on averaged, nondimensionalized cell and penicillin synthesis curves from plant, scale fermentors and (2) particular models developed from specific sets of experimental data from two sources. Parameter-temperature functions used with the general models were assumed to have general shapes which could apply to many fermentations, i.e., they were based on the familiar temperature response of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Parameter-temperature functions for the particular models were determined from experimental data for batch runs at various temperatures.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of batch fermentation processes. II. Optimum temperature profiles for batch penicillin fermentations (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1081-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimization methods based on the continuous maximum principle and the calculus of variations were used to calculate optimum temperature profiles for batch penicillin fermentations. These methods were first applied to several general models to develop effective techniques for the numerical solution of the equations. Subsequently, these methods were applied to two particular models, derived from experimental data, and the optimum temperature profiles were determined. The results indicated that an improvement, in penicillin yield of about 15% was possible if the optimum temperature profiles were followed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120613
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  • 10
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    Characterization of glucose oxidase immobilized on collagen (1973)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0300-8177
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4919
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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