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  • Nature Publishing Group  (74,241)
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  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3London, United Kingdom, Nature Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2016-01-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 346 (6282). pp. 323-324.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
    Publication Date: 2018-01-22
    Description: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
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  • 5
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6366). p. 199.
    Publication Date: 2017-03-14
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  • 6
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 362 (6421). pp. 626-628.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-07
    Description: WHILE ammonites and all other ectocochleate cephalopods became extinct, nautiloids survived relatively unchanged from the Ordovician, suggesting that they are unusually well adapted to their niche. Here we obtain high-resolution tracks of Nautilus positions and depths, combined with telemetered jet pressures, which clarify both its lifestyle and economics. Nautilus is more active in nature than in captivity1, but its energy costs are lower than projected2,3. Viewing Nautilus as 'vertic', rather than benthic, resolves this contradiction. Records show that the cost of transport is the same in any direction within a vertical plane. Living on a reef face swept by a lateral current means that vertical movements4,5 sample large areas for chemical trails. A detected trail can be followed upcurrent in the slow-moving boundary layer, but no effort is wasted on horizontal movement without good prospects for food; long-range movements are downcurrent and made by drifting. Once fed, a Nautilus can reduce its energy costs by moving to deeper, cooler waters, where a single meal can last for months.
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  • 7
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6498). p. 563.
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
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  • 8
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 351 (6325). pp. 394-397.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
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  • 9
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 363 (6428). p. 405.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 357 (6374). p. 105.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 268 (5622). pp. 720-722.
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: A SIMPLE model for continental basement structures at rifted continental margins comprises large fault blocks which trend approximately parallel to, and step down towards, the continental–ocean boundary (for example, see ref. 1). These blocks may be cut by faults which strike across the margin, and, in many theoretical discussions, are shown as being separated from the true oceanic crust by an intermediate zone (see transitional crust of Fig. 3, ref. 2). On many rifted margins these features are deeply buried by young sediments and cannot be stutied in detail. On Goban Spur (Fig. 1), a marginal plateau south-west of Ireland, the young sediment cover is abnormally thin, however, and we have been able to map in detail a 150 km wide continental basement fracture pattern of horsts and grabens using a simple seismic reflection system (160 inch3 air-gun and two-channel hydrophone array). We also suggest a location for the continent–ocean boundary between the Spur and Porcupine Abyssal Plain. There are few previously published data from Goban Spur relevant to our study, although valuable sampling3 and geophysical3–5 results have been obtained north and south of the area.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: There has been concern about recent temperature trends and the future effects of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere1,2; but instrumental records only cover a few decades to a few centuries and it is essential that proxy data sources, such as pollen spectra from peats and lake sediments, be carefully interpreted as climate records. Several workers have shown statistically significant associations between the modern pollen rain and climatic parameters, an approach that by-passes the recognition of pollen/vegetation units. Statistically defined equations that associate abiotic and biotic elements are called transfer functions. We report here on the application of transfer function equations to nine middle and late Holocene peat and lake sediment sequences from northern Canada (Fig. 1).
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  • 13
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
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  • 14
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 366 (6453). pp. 338-340.
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: THE vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila is found around hydrothermal vent areas in the deep sea. Intracellular bacterial chemoautotrophic symbionts use the oxidation of sulphide from the effluent of the vents as an energy source for CO2 fixation. They apparently provide most or all of the nutritional requirements for their gutless hosts1–5. This kind of symbiosis has since been found in many other species from various other phyla from other habitats6–9. Here we present results that the bacteria of R. pachyptila may cover a significant fraction of their respiratory needs by the use of nitrate in addition to oxygen. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which may be the end product (nitrate respiration)10 or it may be further reduced to nitrogen gas (denitrification)11. This metabolic trait may have an important role in the colonization of hypoxic habitats in general by animals with this kind of symbiosis.
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  • 15
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6495). pp. 289-290.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
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  • 16
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 361 . pp. 249-251.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: THE supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is not considered to limit oceanic primary productivity1, as its concentration in sea water exceeds that of other plant macronutrients such as nitrate and phosphate by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively. But the bulk of oceanic new production2 and a major fraction of vertical carbon flux is mediated by a few diatom genera whose ability to use DIG components other than CO2, which comprises 〈 1% of total DIC3, is unknown4. Here we show that under optimal light and nutrient conditions, diatom growth rate can in fact be limited by the supply of CO2. The doubling in surface water pCO2 levels since the last glaciation from 180 to 355 p.p.m.5,6 could therefore have stimulated marine productivity, thereby increasing oceanic carbon sequestration by the biological pump.
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  • 17
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 300 (5889). pp. 245-246.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: A subtropical front was observed in the area south and southeast of the Azores during cruises of FS Meteor and FS Poseidon in early 1982. The front has a basically west–east extension, with considerable meandering observed. Meso-scale eddies are found on both sides. The overall flow pattern corresponds to earlier results on geopotential differences in the upper northeast Atlantic, but the baroclinic transport of the order of 107 m3 s−1 is found to be concentrated in a 60-km wide jet. We suggest here that the current band is part of the gyre circulation, resulting from a branching of the North Atlantic Current.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Circumpolar surface waters dominate the circulation of the Southern Ocean and sustain one of the ocean's largest standing stocks of biomass thereby producing a significant output of biogenic components, mainly diatoms, to the bottom sediments. Generally transit of biogenic matter from the sea surface to the sea floor affects nutrient regeneration fuels benthic life and transfers signals to the sediment record1–5. Reliable quantification of the relationship between biological production, fractionation of skeletal and tissue components and bottom sediment accumulation depends on direct vertical flux measurements from sediment trap deployments6–9, which have proved to be most scientifically productive10–13. We now present data on vertical mass fluxes from the Southern Ocean and evidence for strong biogeochemical fractionation between organic carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds, siliceous and calcareous skeletal remains, and refractory aluminosilicates.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: IN 1989, the submersible Nautile discovered one of the most active hydrothermal fields on the modern ocean floor, in the Lau back-arc basin (Fig. 1). The field contains high-temperature white and black smokers, and as we report here, its characteristics contrast strongly with those of the hydrothermal fields found at normal mid-ocean ridges. The main differences are the acidity (pH as low as 2), chemistry and temperature (up to 400 °C) of the hydrothermal fluids, the composition of the ore deposits, and the volcanic and tectonic environments. The fluids also have very high concentrations of trace metals, and primary gold is present in the accompanying mineral deposits. Our data show that these back-arc deposits in the Lau Basin are intermediate between typical mid-ocean-ridge mineralization and massive sulphide deposits of the Kuroko type.
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  • 20
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 372 (6505). pp. 421-424.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Observations of large and abrupt climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores have spurred a search for clues to their cause. This search has revealed that at six times during the last glaciation, huge armadas of icebergs launched from Canada spread across the northern Atlantic Ocean, each triggering a climate response of global extent.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Analysis of aeolo-marine dust deposits in the subtropical eastern Atlantic enables the strength of the major wind patterns during the late Quaternary to be evaluated and gives an insight into the climate of North Africa.
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  • 22
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 272 (5648). pp. 43-46.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: The past 20,000 yr have witnessed tremendous climatic changes, a glacial maximum at about 18,000 yr BP and a climatic optimum centred on about 6,000 yr BP, both of which mark extreme situations for the Quaternary. This paper attempts to show that active sand dunes were extensive 18,000 yr ago. Conversely, it seems that sand dunes were generally dormant 6,000 yr ago. Thus the former textbook concept1,2 of an arid climatic optimum and a pluvially active glacial maximum is reversed.
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  • 23
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 372 (6507). pp. 621-622.
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
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  • 24
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 358 (6389). pp. 710-711.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
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  • 25
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6370). pp. 587-589.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: ALTHOUGH anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide have today created a greater atmospheric CO2concentration in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere, a comparison of interhemispheric CO2 profiles from 1980 and 1962 led Keeling and Heimann1,2 to conclude that, before the Industrial Revolution, natural CO2 sources and sinks acted to set up a reverse (south to north) gradient which drove about one gigatonne of carbon each year through the atmosphere from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere. At steady state, this flux must have been balanced by a counter flow of carbon from north to south through the ocean. Here we present a means to estimate this natural flux by a separation of oceanic carbon anomalies into those created by biogenic processes and those created by CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. We find that before the Industrial Revolution, deep water formed in the northern Atlantic Ocean carried about 0.6 gigatonnes of carbon annually to the Southern Hemisphere, providing support for Keeling and Heimann's proposal. The existence of this oceanic carbon pump also raises questions about the need for a large terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere, as postulated by Tans et al.3, to balance the present global carbon budget.
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  • 26
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 359 (6398). pp. 779-780.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
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  • 27
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 367 (6462). pp. 414-415.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
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  • 28
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6372). pp. 744-746.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: The response of the global climate system to smoke from burning oil wells in Kuwait is investigated in a series of numerical experiments using a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model with an interactive soot transport model and extended radiation scheme. The results show a decrease in surface air temperature of ~4 °C in the Gulf region. Outside this region the changes are small and statistically insignificant. No weakening of the Indian summer monsoon is observed.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-05-08
    Description: ISOTOPE ratios and concentrations of incompatible trace elements are remarkably successful in discriminating the tectonic origin and magmatic source components for basalts1–5. But problems remain with discriminating the tectonic origin of some tholeiites, especially where field relations and other geological evidence are ambiguous. For example, the tectonic origin of basalts from the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus) has been debated for several decades. Most workers have been unable to distinguish between an island-arc and/or back-arc origin for the ophiolite6–8. Here we use volatile, K2O and TiO2 contents from ∼250 fresh submarine volcanic glasses to discriminate between tholeiites from different tectonic regimes. K2O÷H2O ratios are lower (〈0.70) in spread ing-centre glasses than in those from island arcs and intraplate oceanic islands. Back-arc-basin basalts can generally be separated from mid-ocean-ridge basalts by their high H2O contents. Using this information, we show that some fresh glasses from the Troodos ophiolite have a clear back-arc-basin affinity.
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  • 31
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 257 (5525). pp. 380-381.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: THE class Cephalopoda is represented by over 10,000 fossil species and about 1,000 living species. Almost the entire fossil record so far described consists of external or internal calcareous shells of the Ammonoidea, the Nautiloidea and some members of the Coleoidea. The subclass Coleoidea includes all but three (Nautilus spp.) of the living species of cephalopods, and is represented in the fossil record largely by the order Belemnitida which is important from the early Jurassic to the Eocene. Another coleoid order, the Sepioidea, including the living Sepia and Spirula have internal calcareous shells, and have left traces from the Upper Jurassic (Voltzia) to the present. The three remaining coleoid orders, the Teuthoidea, the Vampyromorpha and the Octopodida include all the remaining living cephalopods, comprising 29 teuthoid or squid families, one vampyromorph family and 12 octopod families.
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  • 32
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 287 (5783). pp. 628-630.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Statoliths of cephalopods are small, hard calcareous stones which lie within the cartilaginous skulls of octopods, sepioids and teuthoids1. Fossil statoliths, clearly belonging to genera which are alive today, have previously been described from 11 Cenozoic deposits spanning from the Eocene to the Pleistocene in North America2–5. Such statoliths are of particular interest because they provide a means of studying the evolution of living cephalopod groups which have no calcareous shells, including the cosmopolitan and numerous teuthoids and octopods. Here, the first cephalopod statoliths to be recognized in European deposits are described and identified as Loligo sp. They are compared with the North American fossil Loligo species and statoliths removed from the two living Loligo species of Europe.
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  • 33
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
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  • 34
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
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  • 35
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    Nature Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 113-113 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A PAPER by Newman on page 155 of this issue documents a striking property of the glial cells in the vertebrate retina: their membrane permeability, which is almost exclusively a permeability to potassium, is largely concentrated at the end which has membrane expansions ('endfeet') facing the ...
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 107-107 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 12-Month 12-Month Company Close Close Change high low previous 30 April month 14 101/2 Biogen (Switzerland) 13 U3/4 -2 VA 2 1% Bio-Logicals (Canada) 1% P/4 + % 14% 10 % Bio-Response (USA) 11 13% + 2% 14 10'/4 Cetus ...
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? We have read the news item in Nature (1 March p.6) regarding the inability of Israeli scientists to attend the VIIth International Biotechnology Symposium. To put the record straight, the organizers did everything possible to help the scientists from Israel to attend the symposium. In fact, ...
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? In Nature of 2 February (307, 408; 1984) you printed a letter from Dr J. Stefan Roken calling on scientists to boycott the International Biotechnology Symposium held in New Delhi in February, and calling for protests against the Indian Government for not permitting scientists from all ...
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has decided that there is a prima facie case for closing the Taunton site of the Institute of Ocanographie Sciences (IOS), which carries out research in sedimentation and applied wave mechanics. The council's governing body was due this week to ...
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE limit for nitrogen oxides in ambient air proposed in the EEC directive (Nature 308, 309; 1984) should have read 200 gnr3 not ...
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo A PAIR of headphones and a portable cassette player have become pretty much standard street wear for young Tokyoites, but they are creating a new problem for the Japanese Government how to dispose safely of the batteries that power them. Alkaline-manganese batteries have been favoured ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
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    Notes: [Auszug] CHINESE plans to act as a "nuclear dustbin" for Western countries have provoked a sharp reaction in the neighbouring Mongolian People's Republic. Alarm was crystallized last month in a formal interview, organized by the Soviet news agency TASS and its Mongolian equivalent Mont same, with a ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington AMID continuing uncertainty about the health of Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov and his wife Yelena Bonner, the US National Academy of Sciences confirmed last week that its president had postponed plans to visit the Soviet Union to reestablish formal links with the Soviet Academy of ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
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    Notes: [Auszug] AN urgent call for information on the consequences of large ground-based fires for the atmosphere of the Earth has gone out from the workshop held in Leningrad between 14 and 16 May on the climatic and biological consequences of nuclear war. The meeting is part of the programme by which the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE companies selected by the US federal government to manufacture a blood test for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are expected to be announced this week. A scientific panel has already met to review the 20 or so proposals received in response to an announcement in the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] 12-Month 12-Month Company Close Close Change high low previous 31 May month 14 8 Biogen (Switzerland) IP/4 9 -23/4 2 1% Bio-Logicals (Canada) P/4 l'/2 -Vi 14% g Bio-Response (USA) 13 V 8% -4l/4 14 10 Cetus (USA) 121/4 10!/4 -2 10% 5 Collaborative Research (USA) 7 5% -I5/ 19% 11 ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR You are, of course, right in saying that all is not well in India's Science. But great strides have been made. As our Prime Minister declared during a White House reception, India is engaged in the stupendous task of moving hundreds of millions of people into the twentieth century. Against ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR The key to considering science and technology in India lies in recognizing that India is trying to go through three revolutions simultaneously the agricultural (still incomplete), industrial and computer revolutions with a government that is democratic, a population less than half of which ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Readers of your survey are likely to conclude that most of what is good and worthy of its name in Indian science is so because (1 ) a director or a chairman or perhaps a minister knows and means his/her business; (2) they or their organizations have or at least had good overseas connections ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Your special issue on India provides a comprehensive account of accomplishments, failures and problems of science in India. The introductory note to the survey, however, contains the erroneous figure of 2.5 per cent as the annual rate of India's current population growth. The registration of ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 579-579 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Is human intelligence genetically determined, environmentally conditioned or the product of both influences? Since the work of the late Cyril Burt was discredited some years ago, the ferocity seems to have gone out of the argument on this question that had been raging for close on half a century. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 135-138 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Over 20 years ago, Dungey8 suggested a model of the Earth's magnetosphere in which he proposed magnetic field reconnection as the major process coupling the magnetosphere to the solar wind and driving magnetospheric convection. Considerable indirect support for this model has subsequently been ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 142-144 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Location of the transects across the Apennine and Carpathian thrust belts (dark lines). The Apennine and outer Carpathian thrust belts are indicated by shading and the approximate position of the thrust fronts are indicated by dark barbed lines. The light continuous line represents the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 582-582 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DEVOTEES of the school that believes an occult virus is responsible for the induction of rheumatoid arthritis will have welcomed a recent article summarizing a three-year collaborative study undertaken in three USA centres on the identification of par-vovirus-like particles in synovial tissue from ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] PILE-DWELLINGS ON HILLTOPS AMONG the Miris, Singphus, Kamtis, Nogas, Mismis, and Deodhains that I have questioned as to the origin of the custom of building on piles, the answer is invariably that they do not know, that it is their tribal custom, &c. Pressed as to the advantages of it, or why ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 583-583 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ON page 589 of this issue of Nature, Haag et al. report a very nice example of the way in which zeolites can be used in the controlled catalysis of hydrocarbon cracking, which is best seen in the context of John Dwyer's brief but comprehensive overview of zeolites as acid catalysts in the 2 April ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] MUCH of the development of T lymphocytes takes place in the thymus, away from the melee in bone marrow where B lymphocytes and other haematopoietic cells differentiate side by side. What is the purpose of this convenient packaging? Is the thymus an inductive environment for switching the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 584-585 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FOR many years geodesists have examined evidence for the temporal changes in the Earth's global shape and gravity field. Confirmation that such changes occur on time scales of at least several years has now emerged from the observation of a secular acceleration O of the node O of the orbit of the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 585-587 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THERE are two reasons for the exceptional concentration of research on the cellular myc proto-oncogene (c-myc). The first is historical. The chromosomal translocations characteristic of Burkitt's lym-phomas transfer c-myc from its normal context into an active immunoglobulin locus1, where it was ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 588-588 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Howgate1 criticizes our interpretations2'3 of the homologies and morphology of the Archaeopteryx manus by distorting and misrepresenting our viewpoints. Palaeontologists have identified the digits of theropods, Archaeopteryx and birds as digits 1-2-3 of the primitive reptilian hand whereas ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Peter Fellgett raises an interesting suggestion1 that the study of cybernetic feedback loops throws light on the redundant (multiple copy) nature of functional genes and hence places the evolution of this phenomenon within the rubric of Darwinian natural selection. His proposition is that ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 589-591 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The availability of solid acidic catalysts based on zeolite ZSM-5 make possible observations on the nature and the absolute rate behaviour of the individual protonic sites. Tetrahedral aluminium atoms are the highly reactive ingredients, even at levels of parts per million, or less. Turnover ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 598-600 
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    Notes: [Auszug] From the optical mass function of LMC X-3 (2.3 M), the absence of X-ray eclipses, in combination with the observed spectral type and absolute visual magnitude of the B-type companion, Paczynski2 derived a lower limit to the mass of the B-star of 9.0 (6.0 M), that is 5=3.0 M0. By comparing the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 189-190 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Mathematics Advances in Fuzzy Sets, Possibility Theory, and Applications. P.P. WANG (d.). Plenum: 1983. Pp.42L IBN 0-306-41390-6. $55. A Biologist's Basic Mathematics. By D.R. CAUSTON.Edward Arnold: 1983. Pp.216. PbklSBN 0-7131-2879-8. £7.50. Developments in Statistics, Vol. 4. P.R. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 3-3 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE militarization of space may yet become a significant issue in November's presidential election in the United States. For the first time, Mr Walter Mondale, the Democratic front-runner, last week promised to order a freeze on space weapons if he is elected President. In Congress, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of genetic engineering's glittering prizes was claimed last week by Genentech Inc., the San Francisco-based biotechnology company, working in collaboration with the Haemophilia Centre at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London, and Speywood Laboratories in Wales. The human blood protein ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] DISCUSSIONS on a possible 20,000 million deal in nuclear technology were a major feature of President Reagan's visit to China last month. Coincidentally, the President's visit came shortly after the second national congress of the Chinese Nuclear Society, which reviewed the current state of Chinese ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE inhabitants of Bikini Island, which was used for 23 above-ground nuclear tests between 1946 and 1958, are suing the US Government in an attempt to force a cleanup of their homeland. The 167 residents of the island left at the request of the US military and have since been shifted ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 7-7 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FURTHER signs of the response of Unesco (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) to the discontent of some member states should become apparent next week, at the meeting of the organization's executive board arranged for 9-23 May. Those participating in the meeting ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] To sponsor a fellowship at the University of Cambridge, in a department (biochemistry) run by a knight (Sir Hans Kornberg) who is also master of a Cambridge college (Christ's), as Amersham International is about to do, may seem slightly odd for a company that thinks of itself as an adventurous ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? Two errors are becoming commoner in scientific writings. (1) The word "only" is being shifted forward, away from the word it modifies. Note the differences among the following: "Only I saw the white shark" (no-one else was on deck). "I only saw the white shark" (I didn't actually catch it). ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN a crowded house on Tuesday last the Convocation of the University of Oxford passed the much-debated statute allowing women to enter for "certain of the honour examinations of the University." The statute has been opposed on very different grounds. The old Conservative Oxford School (fast ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 614-617 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In the expectation that the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO2 sources of structural carbonate in apatite may leave a characteristic fingerprint of the depositional environment9?10, we have initiated an exploratory study of oxygen and carbon isotope abundances of insular phosphates from ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 19-22 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We propose that komatiite lavas were emplaced as turbulent flows, accompanied by vigorous forced convection with cooling rates often in excess of hundreds of °C h−1. They melted and assimilated up to 10% of the ground over which they flowed, forming deep channels. Nickel ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 620-622 
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    Notes: [Auszug] From a Danish adoption register4'5 we have identified four groups of sibling pairs. The first three groups comprise genetically related pairs who were adopted and reared apart in separate families: full siblings reared apart (FA, 34 pairs), maternal half-siblings reared apart (MA, 52 pairs) and ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 622-623 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The computational theory of binocular vision2^, which demonstrates how vertical disparities can be used to discover the distance to the fixation point (d) and the angle of gaze (g) with which the fixation point is being viewed, is introduced in rf. 5. One prediction of the theory is that vertical ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 624-626 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Neurones respond to axonal injury with the retrograde cell reaction0chromatolysis and displacement of the nucleus which may be followed by recovery, or, for centrally projecting neurones in mammals, often by degeneration of the entire cell7'8. Lesions of optic axons cause retrograde degeneration of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Multi-drug rsistance and 1.1-kb fragment amplification in different cell lines Degree of 1.1-kb Cell line V79 Relative resistance to: Adriamycin Colcemid 1 1 fragment amplification 1 77A 5 7 5 LZ 3,000 436 60 LZ revertant 7 10 CHO Aux Bl . 1 1 1 C5 150 280 20 Isolation and ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 629-631 
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    Notes: [Auszug] While analysing thymic repopulation in allogeneic bone marrow chimaeras we noted one chimaera16in which the allogeneic bone marrow cells differed from the host for both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded antigens and Thy-1 typethat showed one lobe of the thymus entirely reconstituted ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The total protein composition and rates of protein synthesis before and after haemin induction of K562 cells were examined (Fig. 1). After 40 h of incubation with 25 ? haemin, approximately 95% of the K562 cells stained positively with benzidine. The two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses (Fig. ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Figure la shows the binding of C3b-coated erythrocytes to HSV-1 infected endothelial cells by light microscopy. Rosettes (〉4 erythrocytes per endothelial cell) were found with 70% of infected endothelial cells: no rosettes formed around uninfected cells, nor around infected cells incubated with ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 635-637 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Three Ubx mutations have previously been mapped by genetic recombination. All were found to lie at or close to the right-hand end of the Ubx unit defined by chromosome rearrangements1'7'8. When the DNA of these and other Ubx 'point' alleles was examined, four apparently point Ubx mutations were ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 637-639 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have chosen the b-lactamase encoded by the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 as a model for a prokaryotic secretory protein and Xenopus oocytes as eukaryotic test cells. /3-Lactamase is the major protein secreted into the periplasm of E. coli cells carrying pBR322 and inactivates ampicillin, thus ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 639-640 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The existing H-2 mutants were originally identified by circular skin-grafting experiments among sibling mice7'8. This system of mutants is notable because: (1) the rate of observed mutation is very high, about 1 in 2,500; (2) individual mutational events result in multiple amino acid substitutions; ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 640-642 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As previously reported, the leukaemic cells of most ATL patients contain one or two copies of HTLV provirus4'11, but the size of the coRI-digested DNA fragment containing the provirus and cellular flanking sequences differs between individuals, suggesting that the integration sites of the HTLV ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 644-645 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1970, Dr G.R. Fink offered the advice that "biochemists as well as geneticists should use only S288C or 'isogenic' Saccharomyces strains in their investigations. Regrettably, this has not been the rule in the past". True, the principal yeast of industrial importance is 5. cerevisiae. However, ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 643-644 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] H.G. Wells: Aspects of a Life opens bizar-rely not with the birth of its subject but the birth of the biographer Anthony West, Wells's illegitimate son. At first startling, this emerges as rather appropriate, since, for most of the book, West's technique is to superimpose his own situation upon ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 644-644 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE study of chemical processes in natural waters tends to be pursued in compartments oceans, lakes, rivers, ground-waters and so on. One reason for this lies in the large differences between such environments regarding the spatial and temporal frameworks within which geochemical processes can ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 645-646 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN King Arthur's legendary domain, the Knights of the Round Table slew dragons and rescued fair maidens; only the pure of heart could hope to glimpse the Holy Grail. Heppenheimer likens the quest for controlled fusion to such an enterprise, but one pursued by more fallible human beings. In a ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 646-646 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Alister Hardy is prominent among those who have argued for "Darwinism with a difference". Whilst acknowledging the creative powers of natural selection, he enshrines innovative behaviour as a distinctive selective force. His argument is that a learnt and beneficial habit can be instrumental in ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 647-647 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A FEW years from now, the heading on these pages will be entirely inappropriate. The idea that the use of computers in laboratories is sufficiently novel to be remarked upon will have ceased entirely to be noteworthy, just as it would now seem strange to assemble a few pages of this journal under ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 648-648 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GIVEN the shortage of suitable software for analysing biological data by microcomputer, the publication of books containing methods and programs for that purpose is generally all to the good. One recent book of this type is Statistics and Numerical Methods in BASIC for Biologists, written by J.D. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 648-649 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Applications of Computers to Research on Nucleic Acids II, Parts 1 and 2. Edited by D. Söll and R. J. Roberts. IRL Press: 1984. Pp.856. Pbk 30, 60. Time Warps, String Edits and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison. Edited by D. Sankoff and J.B. Kruskal. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 649-649 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Biodata Handling with Microcomputers. By R.B. Barlow. Elsevier Biosoft, 68 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2ILA, UK: 1983. Pp.261. 18, 30. Disks 30, 50. EVEN the least expensive "home computers" are capable of carrying out all the statistical analysis that most biologists will require and usually before ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 650-650 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PAPERBASE: A Computerized Personal Database for Scientists. By Anthony Durham. Wight Scientific, 44 Roan St, London SE109JT. Booklet, pp.31, 25, 50 (airmail postage included) for institutional use; 10, 20 f or personal use. Diskettes available for various computers, 50, 100 (booklet included). ...
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    Nature 308 (1984), S. 776-776 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the correspondence from Marcus Gosslerl we are informed that, in the event of the statistical evidence being sufficient, "the numerological result has to be taken seriously and cannot be dismissed by any non-mathematical reasoning". However, I think it also reasonable to point out (and I ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 650-652 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Series 7000 professional computers from Perkin-Elmer are advanced microcomputer data processing systems specifically for laboratory applications. Two models are available: the PE 7500 and PE 7300, capable of both analytical and management functions. In an integrated workstation, a Series 7000 ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 653-653 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Physics Advances in Diagnostic Visual Optics: Springer Series in Optical Sciences. G.M. BREININ and I.M. SIEGEL (eds). Springer-Verlag: 1983. Pp.247. ISBN 3-540-13079-9/0-387-13079-9. DM67, 26. Application of Transition State Theory to Unimolecular Reactions: An Introduction. By J.H. BEYNON and ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 481-482 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EUROPE may not be made in the few weeks ahead, but there is a danger that it could be broken. And certainly the month that lies ahead will be crucial for the whole enterprise. First come the European elections, only the second occasion on which representatives to the European Parliament have been ...
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