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  • RAPD  (288)
  • RFLP  (260)
  • Radioactivity
  • Springer  (500)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1995-1999  (500)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular markers to differentiate two morphologically-close species of the genus Sitobion (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Sitobion avenae ; Sitobion fragariae ; RAPD ; PCR ; microsatellites ; mtDNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A set of molecular markers to differentiate the aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from Sitobion fragariae (Walker), is presented. These markers correspond to (1) a region of the mitochondrial DNA, (2) five species-specific RAPD banding patterns and (3) four microsatellite loci. Each of the markers was able to clearly distinguish between the species. The utility of each molecular marker is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA is best applicable to species determination and relative abundance, RAPDs to the evaluation of genetic diversity, and microsatellites to the assessment of the population genetic structure; the combined use of mtDNA with the other techniques can be of importance when the presence of hybrids is suspected, and RAPDs with microsatellites are best used together in population genetics and host preference studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855919065
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular identification of co-occurring Cortinarius and Dermocybe species from southeastern Australian sclerophyll forests (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words PCR ; RFLP ; ITS sequence analysis ; Ectomycorrhizal fungi ; Cortinarius taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The ability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to discriminate 10 co-occurring Cortinarius and Dermocybe species at a southeastern Australian sclerophyll forest site was assessed. Using the basidiomycete-specific primers ITS1F and ITS4B, some taxa were separated on the basis of individual RFLP patterns derived using the restriction endonucleases Hae III or Hinf I. Combined data from both endonucleases were, however, required to separate all taxa [Dermocybe austro-veneta Clel. (Moser & Horak), C. rotundisporus Clel. & Cheel, C. archeri Berk., C. sinapicolor Clel., C. violaceus (L.: Fr.) S.F.Gray, C. radicatus Clel. and four morphologically-distinct, but unidentified Cortinarius spp.]. ITS sequence comparisons confirmed that D. austro-veneta belongs in Dermocybe, that C. rotundisporus is correctly placed in subgenus Phlegmacium, and suggest that Australian C. violaceus collections are not conspecific with northern hemisphere C. violaceus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050004
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strain typing of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes from subalpine Tyrolean forest areas by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ectomycorrhiza ; Boletus ; Amanita ; Lactarius ; Russula ; Picea abies ; RAPD ; Intra- and infraspecific variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the identifcation of ectomycorrhizal symbionts of spruce (Picea abies) belonging to the genera Boletus, Amanita and Lactarius at and below the species level was investigated. Using both fingerprinting [M13, (GTG)5, (GACA)4] as well as random oligonucleotide primers (V1 and V5), a high degree of variability of amplified DNA fragments (band-sharing index 65–80%) was detected between different strains of the same species, hence enabling the identification of individual strains within the same species. The band-sharing index between different species of the same genus (Boletus, Russula and Amanita) was in the range of 20–30%, and similar values were obtained when strains from different taxa were compared. Thus RAPD is too sensitive at this level of relatonship and cannot be used to align an unknown symbiont to a given taxon. We therefore conclude that RAPD is a promising tool for the identification of individual strains, and could thus be used to distinguish indigenous and introduced mycorrhizal strains from the same species in natural ecosystems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050103
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius based on RAPD-PCR analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1998), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words DNA polymorphism ; Ectomycorrhizal fungi ; Genetic diversity ; Pisolithus tinctorius ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Twenty Pisolithus tinctorius isolates from different geographic locations and different hosts were characterized by the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. Thirteen arbitrary primers generated 87 DNA fragments, all of them polymorphic. These data were used to calculate genetic distances among the isolates. The pairwise genetic distances ranged from 1 to 100%, with an average of 58.7%. Cluster analysis based on the amplified fragments grouped the isolates according to their host and geographical origins. Group I contained isolates collected in Brazil and group II those collected in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition to the diversity seen at the molecular level, the isolates also showed host specificity. Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that isolates from the Northern Hemisphere colonized mainly Pinus whereas isolates from Brazil colonized only Eucalyptus. The molecular data suggest that the Pisolithus tinctorius isolates analyzed belong to two distinct groups. The data also suggest new guidelines for future investigations on the taxonomy and systematic of this important fungus species. Furthermore, these results support future experiments aimed at the selection and development of improved isolates of P. tinctorius.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050187
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex in Escherichia coli does not disrupt the clonal structure of the population: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 440-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Escherichia coli ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Clonal theory ; Recombination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis of the Escherichia coli population by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) has established its clonal organization, but there is increasing evidence that horizontal DNA transfer occurs in E. coli. We have assessed the genetic structure of the species E. coli and determined the extent to which recombination can affect the clonal structure of bacteria. A panel of 72 E. coli strains from the ECOR collection was characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ribosomal RNA gene (rrn) regions. These strains have been characterized by MLEE and are assumed to reflect the range of genotypic variation in the species as a whole. Statistical analysis, including factorial analysis of correspondence (FAC) and hierarchical classifications, established that the data obtained with the three genetic markers are mutually corroborative, thus providing compelling evidence that horizontal transfer does not disrupt the clonal organization of the population. However, there is a gradient of correlation between the different classifications which ranges from the highly clonal structure of 132 group strains causing extraintestinal infections in humans to the less-stringent structure of B1 group strains that came mainly from nonprimate mammals. This group (B1) appears to be the framework from which the remaining non-A group strains have emerged. These results indicate that RAPD analysis is well suited to intraspecies characterization of E. coli. Lastly, treating the RAPD data by FAC allowed description of subgroup-specific DNA fragments which can be used, in a strategy comparable to positional cloning, to isolate virulence genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160315
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mantle heat flow and geotherms for the main geologic domains in Morocco (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (1999), S. 458-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Heat flow ; Pn velocity ; Radioactivity ; Geotherm ; Morocco
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Thermal and deep seismic soundings data are used to study the dependence between the compressional Pn velocity and the surface heat flow or the temperature at the Moho discontinuity in Morocco. This correlation indicates a significant decrease in Pn velocity where high heat flow and Moho temperature are observed. This result is consistent with respect to other regions of the world. Crustal heat generation models and geotherms are constructed for the major Moroccan geological domains extending from the Precambrian units in the south to the Alpine units in the north. The crustal contribution in surface heat flow is on average 35 mWm–2, with high values of 41–42 mWm–2 in the western and eastern Meseta where Hercynian granite intrusions could enrich the crust in radioactive heat sources. High mantle heat flow values are obtained beneath the Alboran neogene basin (62 mWm–2), the Rif (47 mWm–2), the Middle Atlas (41 mWm–2), and the south Atlantic margin (40 mWm–2) where the crust is thinned by an extensional tectonic regime. Despite their similar formation context, the intra-continental belts of the Middle and the High Atlas show different geothermal field components. A lithospheric heating process in the Middle Atlas could be the result of a Plio-Quaternary basaltic volcanism. Finally, the Precambrian basement of the Anti-Atlas like all the West African shield is a stable domain showing the lowest subsurface temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050278
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The genetic heterogeneity of deer mouse populations (Peromyscus maniculatus) in an insular landscape (1999)
    Springer
    Population ecology 41 (1999), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-5613
    Schlagwort(e): Key words AMOVA ; Dispersion ; Gene flow ; Genetic distance ; HOMOVA ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A survey of the genetic variability in deer mouse populations was performed using specimens collected from six different islands on a lake covering approximately 50 km2. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to measure the extent of the genetic differences in this insular system. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that populations are clearly separated at this microgeographic scale (F st = 0.13863; P 〈 0.001). The homogeneity of molecular variance test (HOMOVA) indicated that within-population levels vary greatly (B p = 0.76831; P 〈 0.001). The within-population molecular variance was found to be mainly correlated with the accessibility of the islands, computed as the inverse of the geographic distance separating an island from the lakeshore (r = 0.916; P 〈 0.003).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101440050030
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Error Rates and Polymorphism Frequencies for Three RAPD Protocols (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): competition ; DNA mixture ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three amplification protocols were analyzed for error rate and generation of polymorphisms during RAPD analysis. Using a set of 240 primers, the protocols detected similar frequencies of polymorphisms in two inbred sugar beet lines. The error rate was investigated by including a 1:1 mixture of DNA from the two lines in all analyses. Similar error rates, approximately 18%, were detected by the three protocols. Thus, altered amplification conditions did not substantially affect the error rate during RAPD analysis. For each of the three possible pairs of protocols, a positive correlation was obtained for primer and number of polymorphisms. Thus, a set of highly polymorphic RAPD primers can be used effectively, without prior screening, to detect polymorphisms for each protocol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007485919390
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic Mapping of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 15 (1997), S. 335-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; PCR ; Soybean ; Linkage Mapping ; Restriction Enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is based on DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of random DNA segments using single arbitrary nucleotide sequences. We have adapted the assay to soybeans by using Stoffel Fragment DNA polymerase and by optimizing the reaction conditions. To increase the percentage of RAPD polymorphisms, the DNA template was digested with restriction enzymes before amplification. The combination of twenty-four primers and five DNA template treatments (Undigested, DraI, EcoRI, HindIII, and TaqI digested) revealed 94 polymorphic DNA fragments differing between soybean lines PI437654 and BSR101. Many polymorphic DNA bands were found unreliable or non-scoreable after re-screening of primers and verification of marker-allele segregation with 20 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). However, 28 RAPD markers were consistently polymorphic between the parental lines and followed Mendelian expectations. The use of DNA templates digested with DraI, EcoRI, HindIII or TaqI increased three times the number of RAPD markers compared to undigested DNA template alone. The 28 RAPD markers obtained were further screened with 72 RILs and placed on an existing RFLP map.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007474913960
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA Isolation and AFLP™ Genetic Fingerprinting of shape Theobroma cacao (L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): amplified fragment length polymorphism ; cocoa ; RAPD ; woody plant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Accurate identification of parental plants and their hybrids is essential for an effective breeding programme. Traditional classification of cocoa varieties relies on the characterisation of agricultural traits at plant maturity. A rapid and reliable method is described, based on genotypic analysis. An efficient DNA isolation procedure was developed, yielding unsheared DNA of high purity. Two genetic fingerprinting techniques, RAPD and AFLP™, were evaluated for their suitability in distinguishing cocoa varieties. RAPD analysis was unsatisfactory due to the low frequency of polymorphisms and poor reproducibility. AFLP™ was reliable in distinguishing phenotypically identical, known varieties of cocoa. Importantly, AFLP™ also revealed intra- and inter-varietal variation. Abbreviations: AFLP™, amplified fragment length polymorphism; APS, ammonium persulphate; CTAB, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; DEB, DNA extraction buffer; f.wt., fresh weight; NEB, nuclei extraction buffer; PMSF, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride; RAPD, random amplified polymorphic DNA; T4 PNK, Bacteriophage T4 polynucleotide kinase; Taq, Thermus aquaticus; TBE, tris-borate-EDTA; TEMED, NNN′N′ tetramethylethylenediamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007468624596
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative Analysis of Different DNA Extraction Protocols: A Fast, Universal Maxi-Preparation of High Quality Plant DNA for Genetic Evaluation and Phylogenetic Studies (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): cpDNA ; DNA extraction ; fingerprinting ; forest trees ; M13 fingerprinting ; method ; PCR ; rDNA ; RFLP ; rhododendron ; plant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four DNA extraction protocols were compared for ability to produce DNA from the leaves or needles of several species: oak, elm, pine, fir, poplar and maize (fresh materials) and rhododendron (silica dried or frozen material). With the exception of maize and poplar, the species are known to be difficult for DNA extraction. Two protocols represented classical procedures for lysis and purification, and the other two were a combination of classical lysis followed by anion exchange chromatography. The DNA obtained from all procedures was quantified and tested by PCR and Southern hybridisation.Test results indicated superiority of one of the four protocols; a combination of CTAB lysis followed by anion exchange chromatography which enabled DNA extraction from all seven species. A second protocol also produced DNA from leaves or needles of all species investigated and was well suited for PCR applications but not Southern hybridisations. The remaining protocols produced DNA from some but not all species tested. Abbreviations: CTAB, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; EtOH, Ethanol; TBE, tris-borate-EDTA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007428009556
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Simple and Rapid Procedure for Isolation of Total DNA Suitable for Fingerprint Analysis from shape Amaranthus (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 91-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): Amaranthus ; DNA fingerprinting ; PCR ; polysaccharides ; RAPD ; total DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A simple, efficient and reliable method is described for isolation of total DNA from young leaves of Amaranthus species. This procedure yields a high amount (600–800 µg DNA/g fresh leaf tissue) of good quality DNA free from contaminating proteins, polysaccharides, and coloured pigments. The DNA is suitable for digestion with several restriction endonucleases, preparation of Southern blots, and PCR amplification. The DNA has been successfully used for generating DNA fingerprint profiles and RAPD banding patterns in two species of Amaranthus. The procedure is suitable for processing of a large number of samples simultaneously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007414505189
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid Construction of a Random Genomic Library from Date-Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 17 (1999), S. 409-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): Date-palm ; DNA library ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A random genomic library of Tunisian date-palm varieties has been built from total cellular DNA, previously amplified according to an RAPD procedure. The resultant recombinant DNA is characterised by a size ranging from 200 to 1600 bp inserts. This DNA would constitute a large number of anonymous probes useful in Southern hybridisation experiments. It would also provide potential markers aimed at the molecular characterisation of date-palm varieties, aid the search of those associated with bayoud disease and suggest a sex determination of trees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007631420875
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison between human and armadillo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 143 (1998), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): armadillo ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; PCR ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Sixty-three Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates obtained from three nine-banded armadillos ( Dasypus novemcinctus), one Amazonian armadillo's and 19 clinical isolates were compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis with the primer OPG-19. The isolates were divided into three major clusters, I, II and III. Coincidences between human and armadillo isolates were observed in clusters I and II. Cluster III consisted only of armadillos' isolates. The results suggested that (I) humans may acquire P. brasiliensis infection by contact with armadillo's environment, (II) there may be P. brasiliensis genotypes peculiar to the animal, and (III) individual armadillos may be infected with P. brasiliensis cells with different genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006949113529
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evolutionary distances and identification of Candida species in clinical isolates by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 142 (1998), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Candida ; identification ; PCR ; phylogeny ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fast and reliable identification of different species of the genus Candida is important to define adequate therapeutic decisions, because the different species have highly variable susceptibilities to antifungal drugs; azoles and amphothericin B. Accurate statistical records on case history and epidemiological studies also depend on effective identification. To address this problem we established a RAPD method that enabled direct identification of five very common species of Candida. Initially, reference band patterns were established for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. One of the primers, M2, showed remarkably conserved intra-specific patterns of approximately 10 bands each, ranging in size from 2.0 to 0.1 kb. These patterns were significantly different and species-specific. Few bands were conserved between different species of Candida, which was assumed to be consistent with their phylogenetic relatedness. In addition, band patterns were constant and reproducible and DNA isolated from single colonies yielded sufficient DNA for identification. The reference band patterns were then used, in blind experiments, to identify species of Candida in 50 randomly chosen samples, including clinical isolates and ATCC strains. RAPD results were 100% consistent with results obtained by conventional diagnostic methods and were achieved in one day instead of several days taken by conventional methods. Because ideal identification methods should be consistent with phylogeny and taxonomy we tested whether RAPD could be used to calculate genetic distances. Comparison of RAPD phylogenetic trees with 18S rRNA trees showed significant differences in tree topologies which indicated that RAPD data could not accurately measure the relative distances between different species. Also, computer simulations of RAPD random patterns were used to test whether the observed degree of RAPD band pattern similarities could occur at random. These simulations suggested that the level of inter-specific band pattern similarities observed in our data could be obtained at random, while intra-specific pattern similarities could not. RAPD would be helpful to discriminate between isolates but not to quantitate the differences. We suggest that the inaccurate estimate of genetic distances from RAPD is a general limitation of the technique and not a specific problem of our identification method. Because of the repetitive character of the target sequences, genetic distances calculated from RAPD could be affected by paralogy, namely, recombination and duplication events not parallel with speciation events.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006998325716
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions (1995)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 16 (1995), S. 495-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear explosion detection and recognition ; Seismology ; Remote sensing ; Radioactivity ; Ionospheric effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports on a joint meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society's Joint Association for Geophysics and VERTIC (the Verification Technology Information Centre) held in London in 1992. The topics presented focused on the detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions. The objective of the meeting was to emphasize the multi-methodological approach that is important in verifying compliance with test-ban treaties. An overview of seismological monitoring was followed by a discussion of the technical and scientific aspects of a global seismic monitoring network, and in particular of the 1991 experiment to test the large-scale international exchange of seismic data between recording stations and data centres world-wide. The current capabilities of satellite remote-sensing were presented, and their use explained in terms of both the provision of information for monitoring the development of foreign nuclear testing programmes and also for providing sufficient information for the evaluation of treaty compliance. A review of radio-isotope sampling showed how the isotopic signature of both air and ground based sampling programmes can be diagnostic of the nuclear source. Finally, previously classified research on the ionospheric effects of underground nuclear explosions was presented, the generated acoustic waves disturbing the ionosphere and producing detectable changes in the reflection of radio and radar signals which have potential as a monitoring technique.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665683
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus aculeatus strains with special regard to their mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Aspergillus japonicus ; A. aculeatus ; assimilation spectra ; isoenzyme ; mtDNA ; rDNA ; RFLPs ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Forty Aspergillus japonicus and A. aculeatus strains, most of them wild-type isolates, were examined using various molecular and phenotypic techniques. The rDNAs proved to be invariable (even strains of the species A. aculeatus exhibited the same restriction profile), while the strains could be classified into seven different mtDNA RFLP groups. Hybridisation data suggest that six of these mtDNA types have certain common restriction sites, while mtDNA type 7, which was exhibited by some A. aculeatus strains, probably has quite different mtDNA organisation and their size was smallest among the strains studied. The RAPD technique and isoenzyme analysis revealed some variabilities within these RFLP groups and strain specific features could also be recognised. Carbon source assimilation spectra were found to be very distinctive for strains of A. japonicus, A. aculeatus and A. niger, providing a useful tool for pre-characterising new wild-type isolates of black Aspergilli. Only a limited correlation was observed between the dendrograms based on genotypic and phenotypic characters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000578913759
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Rapid DNA Extraction Method for RFLP and PCR Analysis from a Single Dry Seed (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 90-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): DNA extration ; DNA fingerprint ; half seed ; PCR ; RFLP ; target gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A single-seed DNA extraction method was developed for rapid identification of plant genotype. The method was applied to 12 plant species, including the oil seeds sesame and soybean. The results were comparable to those obtained for oil-less seeds such as rice. This method will be useful for genotypic selection which requires rapid screening of large populations. It can also be used to identify varietal purity of seed stocks by PCR and RFLP analysis. The method includes two major steps, (i) treatment by proteinase K in an SDS extraction buffer, and (ii) grinding of a single half seed in the buffer after incubation. About 1.5–2 µg of DNA per half seed (the endosperm part) of rice was obtained and more than 200 half seed samples could be handled by one person in a day. The DNA could be used for fingerprinting and detection of target genes in a transgenic plant by PCR. The amplified PCR products from the half seed DNA exhibited the same banding patterns as those from leaf DNA. Yield and quality of DNA extracted from half seeds of rice was also sufficient for RFLP analysis. The remnant half seeds containing the embryo can be maintained for later germination of selected genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007418606098
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and PCR Amplification of Genomic DNA from Market Samples of Dry Tea (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 17 (1999), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): Camellia sinensis ; DNA isolation ; PCR ; RAPD ; Tea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A simple procedure for DNA isolation from processed dried commercial samples of tea is described. The method involves a modified CTAB procedure employing extensive washing, use of 1% PVP to remove polyphenolics and a single phenol:chloroform extraction step. The average yield ranges from 164–494 μg/g tea sample for various market samples. The DNA obtained from 11 different brands of tea using this procedure were consistently amplifiable (using both RAPD primers as well as defined sequences as primers) and digestible with restriction endonucleases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007562802361
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parental analysis using RAPD markers in the antColobopsis nipponicus: A test of RAPD markers for estimating reproductive structure within social insect colonies (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; DNA polymorphism ; parental analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Previously known parent-offspring relationship for queens and her daughters of the antColobopsis nipponicus was examined using RAPD markers in order to test the reliability of this molecular technique for estimating the reproductive structure within colonies of social insects. RAPD markers from 20 oligomers successfully clustered the queen with her daughters among an artificially generated polygynous society, even when paternal information was unavailable. When information from both the queen and her sperm was included in the analysis, 20 polymorphic bands seem to be sufficient to cluster correctly the true parents to their offspring. Lack of father's information considerably decreased accuracy of the analysis. Thus, if RAPD markers are to be used to demonstrate parent-offspring relationship between individuals in the field, sperm from the queen's spermatheca should be incorporated in analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242162
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radioelement (U, Th, Rn) concentrations in Norwegian bedrock groundwaters (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 25 (1995), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Groundwater ; Radioactivity ; Radon ; Uranium ; Thorium ; Norway ; Granite ; Drinking Water Standards
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-eight samples of groundwater from bedrock boreholes in three distinct Norwegian geological provinces have been taken and analyzed for content of Rn, U, and Th, together with a wide variety of minor and major species. Median values of 290 Bq/1, 7.6 μg/1, and 0.02 μg/1 were obtained for Rn, U, and Th respectively, while maximum values were 8500 Bq/1, 170 μg/1, and 2.2 μg/1. Commonly suggested drinking water limits range from 8 to 1000 Bq/1 for radon and 14 to 160 μg/1 for uranium. Radioelement content was closely related to lithology, the lowest concentrations being derived from the largely Caledonian rocks of the Trøndelag area, and the highest from the Precambrian Iddefjord Granite of southeast Norway (11 boreholes) where median values of 2500 Bq/1, 15 μg/1 and 0.38 μg/1, respectively, were obtained. The Iddefjord Granite is not believed to be unique in Norway in yielding high dissolved radionuclide contents in groundwaters, and several other granitic aquifers warrant further investigation in this respect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768546
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radon variations in a Hungarian village (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 31 (1997), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Geochemistry ; Porosity ; Radioactivity ; Radon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A steady radon exhalation is assumed in most publications. In a village of North-East Hungary, however, high radon concentrations have been measured, differing strongly in neighbouring houses and varying in time, due to the interplay of geochemical phenomena.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050171
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of the human interleukin (IL)-4 gene (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 738-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Interleukin (IL)-4 ; Promoter ; Polymorphism ; RFLP ; Linkage disequilibrium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050677
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new polymorphism in the promoter of the Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit (IL-5RA) gene (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 48 (1998), S. 65-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Schlagwort(e): Key words IL-5Rα ; Promoter ; Polymorphism ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050402
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence of spatial genetic structure in a California bunchgrass population (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 112 (1997), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Conservation ; Nassella(Stipa) pulchra ; Population genetics ; RAPD ; Spatial scale
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated the scale of genetic variation of purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra), a species commonly used in California for grassland restoration. Common garden and field data revealed evidence of genetic differentiation between two intermixed microhabitats characterized by differences in soil depth and community composition. We assessed the genetic variation within a single population using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data collected from clusters of five individuals in 40 locations. We found no evidence for genetic structure at the whole population level. At smaller spatial scales, however, we found strong evidence that genetic subdivision of the population occurs at the level of the maternal neighborhood. We suggest that the interaction between widespread pollen dispersal and restricted seed dispersal may be the primary factor generating these results; panmictic pollen dispersal will make detection of genetic patterning difficult at larger spatial scales while limited seed dispersal will generate local genetic structure. As a result, the detection of population genetic structure will depend on the spatial scale of analysis. Local selection gradients related to topography and soil depth are also likely to play a role in structuring local genetic variation. Since N. pulchra is widely used in California in grassland and woodland habitat restoration, we suggest that, as a general rule, care should be exercised in transferring germplasm for the purposes of conservation when little is known about the within-population genetic subdivision of a plant species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050317
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-term persistence in a changing climate: DNA analysis suggests very old ages of clones of alpine Carex curvula (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 94-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Alpine grassland ; Climate change ; RAPD ; Population genetic structure ; Tussock sedge
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Carex curvula is a very slow-growing rhizomatous sedge that forms extensive stands in the European an alpine belt. The recruitment of sexual progeny is extremely rare and propagation occurs predominantly through clonal growth. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to analyse clonal structure in a small patch (2.0x0.4 m sampling transect plus some additional samples) of a high-alpine population of the species. Amplification of the DNA of 116 tiller samples from the patch with eight ten-base primers yielded a total of 95 bands, of which 73 were polymorphic. Based on the RAPD amplification profiles a total of 15 multilocus genotypes (putative clones) were identified. Due to the high number of polymorphic loci the number of genetic markers delineating individual clones was high (range: 16–39 markers) which suggests that our estimates of clonal diversity are precise. More than half of the sampled tillers were identified as belonging to a single clone which formed a relatively homogeneous disc intermingling with other clones only at its margin. Based on the maximum diameter of this large clone of more than 7000 tillers and estimates of annual expansion growth of rhizomes (0.4 mm year-1), the age of the clone was calculated to be around 2000 years. This demonstrates that clones of C. curvula may persist on a single spot over long periods with quite diverse alpine climates ranging from rather mild periods in the Middle Ages to cool periods during the so called “little ice age” in the last century. Our results suggest caution with plant migration scenarios based on shifting isotherms where late-successional clonal species, which dominate the alpine vegetation all over the world, are concerned.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328796
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interspecific and temporal variation in herbivore responses to hybrid willows (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Hybrid ; Herbivores ; RAPD ; Salix ; Year-to-year variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We studied herbivory of two species of willows (Salix sericea and S. eriocephala) and their interspecific hybrids to test alternative hypotheses concerning the effects of hybridization on plant resistance. Individually marked plants were identified using morphological traits in the field and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) band analysis was used to verify the genetic status of many parental and hybrid plants. The desities of 12 herbivore species on plants in the field were compared between two parents and their F2-type hybrids. We found about equal support for the additive, dominance, and hybrid susceptibility hypotheses over 4 years. In one year, one species supported the hybrid resistance hypothesis. Guild membership was not a good predictor of similar responses of species to hybrid versus parental plants. There were marked differences in support for particular hypotheses among years for four herbivore species. This study demonstrates the diversity of responses of phytophages in response to interspecific hybridization, and indicates that year-to-year variation in relative resistance of hybrid plants can be important.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333223
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tolerance to salt stress in maize callus lines with different polyamine content (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1997), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Polyamines ; Maize ; Callus culture ; Salt stress ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four callus lines from immature embryos of a self-crossed maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid cultivar were selected for “high” (two lines) and “low” (two lines) polyamine (PA) levels. Each selected line was exposed to culture media containing no (control) or 1% (0.171 m) NaCl and the relative growth rates were compared after subculture. Low-PA lines appeared to be tolerant to salt stress, while high-PA lines were sensitive. Analysis of PA at the end of the subculture showed that treated calli of sensitive lines had increased their putrescine content in comparison with their control, while putrescine remained constant in tolerant lines. Callus lines were analysed by RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) markers. One polymorphism (550-bp band) was found, demonstrating a genetic difference between the lines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050363
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Somaclonal variation in cryopreserved embryogenic clones of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.] (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 948-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Somaclonal variation ; Picea glauca ; RAPD ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Cryopreservation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Trees were regenerated from six white spruce embryogenic clones after cryopreservation for 3 and 4 years, respectively. Genetic stability was evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints. Somaclonal variation was detected in some in vitro embryogenic cultures 2 and 12 months after they were re-established following cryopreservation but not in the corresponding regenerated trees. These results suggest that trees regenerated from cryopreserved cultures in subsequent years are primarily genetically stable in the genomic regions tested and that variation observed due to the in vitro culture process infrequently affects trees regenerated from normally maturing and germinating somatic embryos. However, trees regenerated from somatic embryos that matured or germinated abnormally in in vitro culture exhibited altered RAPD fragment patterns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050689
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Somatic hybrid plantlets regeneration between Citrus and its wild relative, Murraya paniculata via protoplast electrofusion (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Somatic hybridization ; RAPD ; Citrus huanglongbin ; Sexual and graft incompatibility ; Aurantioideae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Protoplasts isolated from `Page' tangelo (Minneola tangelo × clementine) cell suspension cultures were electrically fused with mesophyll protoplasts of orange jessamine [Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack]. Shoots were regenerated after 6 – 10 months of culture, but they were extremely recalcitrant to producing roots in root-induction medium. Complete plantlets were formed via micrografting. Chromosome counting of shoot tips revealed they were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36). Glutamateoxaloacetate transaminase isozyme and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis confirmed their hybridity. Orange jessamine is immune to citrus huanglongbin, a severe disease of citrus, but sexual incompatibility and limited graft compatibility exist between Citrus and orange jessamine. The cell fusion technique may make it possible to transfer the huanglongbin resistance trait from orange jessamine to Citrus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050575
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of genetic stability in long-term micropropagated shoots of Pinus thunbergii Parl. using RAPD markers (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Genetic stability ; Micropropagation ; Pinewood-nematode ; Pinus thunbergii ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine the genetic stability of long-term (more than 10 years) micropropagated shoots of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.). Thirty-six shoots consisting of three morphotypes (short, medium, and long needles) were randomly chosen from about 4,000 micropropagated shoots regenerated from the explants of a single nematode-resistant mother plant. Out of 126 primers screened, 30 gave 134 clear reproducible bands. A total of 4,824 bands obtained from these studies exhibited no aberration in RAPD banding patterns among the tested shoots. Our results show that regenerants from our plant micropropagation system are genetically stable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050555
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of somaclonal variation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) using RAPD and cytological analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsAllium sativum ; Garlic ; Genetic instability ; RAPD ; Somaclonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from long-term callus cultures derived from five garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Thirty-five of these plants were subjected to RAPD analysis. The frequency of variation was found to be cultivar dependent: approximately 1% in the two clones Solent White and California Late and around 0.35% in another three clones, Chinese, Long Keeper and Madena. Certain band changes were found in regenerants of different cultivars, suggesting the existence of a mutation-sensitive part of the garlic genome. The karyotypes of another 75 regenerants derived from the same callus cultures of three parental garlic clones were examined. Of these plants, 9.3% were found to be tetraploids, 4% aneuploid and 2.6% showed a change in the position of the secondary constriction. No association could be shown between the rate of variation for molecular and cytological characters either by comparing cultivars or examining individual regenerants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050606
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and molecular study of plastid inheritance in Abies alba and some Abies hybrids (1998)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 11 (1998), S. 284-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Abies ; Egg cell ; Plastid inheritance ; RFLP ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The ultrastructure of egg cells in Abies alba was examined to elucidate the lack of maternal inheritance of plastids. Before fertilization, maternal plastids are absent in the perinuclar zone containing mainly mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. During egg cell development the maternal plastids are transformed into large inclusions which are situated mostly towards the periphery of the egg cell, and finally disintegrate. As a consequence, they do not participate in zygote formation. RFLP analysis of cpDNA of parental trees and their F1 interspecific hybrids (A. alba×A. numidica, A. alba×A. nordmanniana, A. nordmanniana×A. Alba) using HindIII and BamHI showed a paternal mode of cpDNA inheritance. Paternal inheritance has also been found with PCR/RFLP analysis of cpDNA from parental trees and their hybrids (A. alba×A. pinsapo, A. pinsapo×A. alba, A. pinsapo×A. numidica) using ApaI and HaeIII digests, as well as in the crosses of A. cephalonica×A. nordmanniana, A. nordmanniana×A. cephalonica, A. cephalonica×A. numidica using TagI digests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050155
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficient plantlet regeneration from protoplasts isolated from suspension cultures of poplar (Populus alba L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsPopulus alba L. ; Protoplast ; Plant regeneration ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We developed an efficient plant regeneration system from protoplasts for poplar (Populus alba L.). Protoplasts were isolated from 4-day-old suspension cultures derived from seed-induced calli with a yield of 6.96× 106 cells/g fresh weight cells and then cultured at a concentration of 2.5×105 cells/ml in NH4NO3-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.05 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 M glucose as a osmoticum. The plating efficiency of the cultured protoplasts was calculated at 26.5% at day 7 and 31.7% at day 14. Cell colonies were observed after culturing for 4 weeks. Regenerated colonies were propagated through subculture in liquid MS medium supplemented with 5 µM 2,4-D. Buds were induced from regenerated calli on MS medium containing 10 µM kinetin or 1 µM TDZ. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium, and the plantlets were transplanted in soil. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis did not detect any DNA polymorphism among the regenerated plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050378
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-Mendelian and skewed segregation of DNA markers in wide crosses of the bean rust fungus,Uromyces appendiculatus (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic linkage mapping ; Segregation distortion ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The inheritance of DNA markers was investigated in 27 F2 progeny from a single F1 hybrid derived from a wide cross inUromyces appendiculatus. This cross was unusual because asexual spores were used to fertilize sexual fruiting structures. Sixty percent of the DNA markers failed to segregate according to simple Mendelian ratios. Segregation bias was evident, in that F2 progeny inherited on average 91 % of maternal bands and 52% of paternal bands, which deviates significantly from the expected value for each of 75% for dominant markers. Because of these distortions, linkage mapping was not possible with this population. Evaluation of two F1s from a second wide cross, reciprocals obtained by normal fertilization, also showed non-Mendelian inheritance of one of three co-dominant RFLPs and five of six isozyme markers, indicating that the method of crossing was probably not responsible for the abnormal segregation patterns in the first cross. Either genetic incompatibility, similar to that of an interspecific cross, or selection of particular genotypes could explain the genetic anomalies reported here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221580
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heterogeneity in intergenic regions of the ribosomal repeat of the pine-blister rustsCronartium flaccidum andPeridermium pini (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Cronartium flaccidum ; Pine blister rusts ; Ribosomal intergenic region polymorphism ; RFLP ; HPA analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mixed aeciospore isolates ofCronartium flaccidum andPeridermium pini were obtained from single-tree infections in Britain, Italy and Greece. The 5.8s ribosomal RNA gene and flanking intergenic transcribed spacer regions ITS 1 and ITS2 were found to be highly similar betweenC. flaccidum andP. pini. Within samples heterogeneity was detected at three nucleotide loci in the ITS1 and at four loci in the ITS2 suggesting that several fungal genotypes may occur at a single infection court. The heterogeneity was confirmed by heteroduplex polymorphism analysis of mixed aeciospore products. RFLP of the ribosomal intergenic spacer region 1 (IGSI) amplified from the same templates indicated limited sequence polymorphism in some copies of this repeated locus. Both the sexual and asexual forms ofC. flaccidum show evidence of sequence polymorphism in two independent, non-coding regions of the ribosomal gene array. Variation appears to be greater in the sexual formC. flaccidum, than in the monoaecious formP. pini.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208620
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular karyotype of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 496-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Electrophoretic karyotype ; Chromosome-length polymorphism ; Genomic fingerprinting ; RAPD ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Molecular techniques have been used to characterize different field isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an ubiquitous phytopathogen. Chromosomal DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that S. sclerotiorum contains at least 16 chromosomes ranging from 1.5 Mb to 4.0 Mb. The size of the haploid genome was estimated to be 43.5 Mb. Six field isolates with different levels of virulence on sunflower germlings or green beans were differentiated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and analysed by clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. This analysis revealed few chromosome-length polymorphisms among these strains. Chromosomal DNA hybridization indicated that the endopolygalacturonase-encoding pg1 gene is localized on the smallest chromosome of all the strains, whereas the ribosomal DNA mapped to different-sized chromosomes. The less-aggressive strain was characterized by the presence of a supernumary small band, presumably consisting of dsRNA. In contrast to numerous other phytopathogenic fungi, this study reveals a strong karyotypic stability among the strains of S. sclerotiorum which may be preserved by the sexual mode of reproduction of this species
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050077
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heterogeneity in intergenic regions of the ribosomal repeat of the pine-blister rusts Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Key words  Cronartium flaccidum ; Pine blister rusts ; Ribosomal intergenic region polymorphism ; RFLP ; HPA analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   Mixed aeciospore isolates of Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini were obtained from single-tree infections in Britain, Italy and Greece. The 5.8s ribosomal RNA gene and flanking intergenic transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2 were found to be highly similar between C. flaccidum and P. pini. Within samples heterogeneity was detected at three nucleotide loci in the ITS1 and at four loci in the ITS2 suggesting that several fungal genotypes may occur at a single infection court. The heterogeneity was confirmed by heteroduplex polymorphism analysis of mixed aeciospore products. RFLP of the ribosomal intergenic spacer region 1 (IGS1) amplified from the same templates indicated limited sequence polymorphism in some copies of this repeated locus. Both the sexual and asexual forms of C. flaccidum show evidence of sequence polymorphism in two independent, non-coding regions of the ribosomal gene array. Variation appears to be greater in the sexual form C. flaccidum, than in the monoaecious form P. pini.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050060
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular karyotype of the phytopathogenic fungusSclerotinia sclerotiorum (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 496-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Electrophoretic karyotype ; Chromosome-length polymorphism ; Genomic fingerprinting ; RAPD ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Molecular techniques have been used to characterize different field isolates ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum, an ubiquitous phytopathogen. Chromosomal DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed thatS. sclerotiorum contains at least 16 chromosomes ranging from 1.5 Mb to 4.0 Mb. The size of the haploid genome was estimated to be 43.5 Mb. Six field isolates with different levels of virulence on sunflower germlings or green beans were differentiated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and analysed by clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. This analysis revealed few chromosome-length polymorphisms among these strains. Chromosomal DNA hybridization indicated that the endopolygalacturonase-encodingpgl gene is localized on the smallest chromosome of all the strains, whereas the ribosomal DNA mapped to different-sized chromosomes. The less-aggressive strain was characterized by the presence of a supernumary small band, presumably consisting of dsRNA. In contrast to numerous other phytopathogenic fungi, this study reveals a strong karyotypic stability among the strains ofS. sclerotiorum which may be preserved by the sexual mode of reproduction of this species
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221520
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-Mendelian and skewed segregation of DNA markers in wide crosses of the bean rust fungus, Uromyces appendiculatus (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Genetic linkage mapping ; Segregation distortion ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The inheritance of DNA markers was investigated in 27 F2 progeny from a single F1 hybrid derived from a wide cross in Uromyces appendiculatus. This cross was unusual because asexual spores were used to fertilize sexual fruiting structures. Sixty percent of the DNA markers failed to segregate according to simple Mendelian ratios. Segregation bias was evident, in that F2 progeny inherited on average 91% of maternal bands and 52% of paternal bands, which deviates significantly from the expected value for each of 75% for dominant markers. Because of these distortions, linkage mapping was not possible with this population. Evaluation of two F1s from a second wide cross, reciprocals obtained by normal fertilization, also showed non-Mendelian inheritance of one of three co-dominant RFLPs and five of six isozyme markers, indicating that the method of crossing was probably not responsible for the abnormal segregation patterns in the first cross. Either genetic incompatibility, similar to that of an interspecific cross, or selection of particular genotypes could explain the genetic anomalies reported here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050031
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of Cyanobacteria by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and PCR/RFLP of the 16S rRNA gene (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 176-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cyanobacteria ; Planktonic ; Total protein ; SDS-PAGE ; PCR ; RFLP ; 16S rRNA ; UPGMA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Planktonic, filamentous cyanobacterial strains from different genera, both toxic and nontoxic strains, were characterized by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and PCR/RFLP of the 16S rRNA gene. Total protein pattern analysis revealed the mutual relationships at the genus level. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene with reference strains proved to be a good method for the cyanobacterial taxonomy. The nonheterocystous strains outgrouped from the nitrogen-fixing ones. With both methods, Aphanizomenon clustered with Anabaena, and Nodularia with Nostoc. In the RFLP study of Anabaena, the neurotoxic strains were identical, but the hepatotoxic ones formed a heterogeneous group. Genetic distances found in the RFLP study were short, confirming that close genotypic relationships underlie considerable diversity among cyanobacterial genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050485
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Megaplasmids in Thermus oshimai isolates from two widely separated geographical areas: restriction fragment profiling and DNA homology (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Thermus oshimai ; Megaplasmids ; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; RFLP ; Southern ; hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Megaplasmid DNA was detected in ten isolates belonging to the recently described thermophilic eubacterial species Thermus oshimai and isolated from hot springs in Portugal (eight isolates) and Iceland (two isolates). The estimated size of the large plasmids purified from T. oshimai SPS-18 from S. Pedro do Sul, Portugal, and from isolate JK-91 from Hveragerdhi-Hengill, Iceland, was 214 and 275 kb, respectively. No sequence homologous to isolate SPS-18 megaplasmid is present in chromosomal DNA as indicated by Southern hybridization analysis. Overall examination of the HindIII fragment profiles of megaplasmid DNAs purified from isolates from the same geographical area gave similar but not always identical restriction profiles on agarose gels. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was higher for megaplasmids present in isolates purified from the Portuguese and Icelandic isolates than for megaplasmids from the same hot spring. Megaplasmid RFLP correlated with previous results obtained on the polymorphism of macrorestriction patterns of whole genomic DNA and with the RFLP of co-resident small plasmid DNA that was found in one half of the isolates examined. The 16-kb HindIII–HindIII fragment from isolate SPS-18 megaplasmid showed DNA–DNA homology with restriction fragments of similar size generated by the large plasmids present in all the other isolates, even in those from hot springs of widely separated geographical areas. This suggests a high degree of sequence conservation in T. oshimai megaplasmids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050524
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic ecotoxicology II: population genetic structure in mosquitofish exposed in situ to radionuclides (1997)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 6 (1997), S. 335-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): population genetics ; mosquitofish ; radiation ; RAPD ; allozymes ; evolutionary toxicology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In 1977, approximately 250 mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from a relatively uncontaminated site (Crystal Springs) were transplanted into a small pond on the Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation which is heavily contaminated with radionuclides (Pond 3513). Starting in 1992, DNA polymorphism was evaluated using the RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and allozyme genotype techniques to determine if genetic differentiation had occurred between the two populations. Fish from a second radionuclide-contaminated population (White Oak Lake) and another unrelated non-contaminated population (Wolf Creek) were also examined. For the RAPD analyes, 15 RAPD primers (from a total of 40) were found to produce polymorphic banding patterns in at least two of the four populations and subsequently were used to produce a total of 142 bands. Data generated by these RAPD primers indicated an increased genetic diversity in radionuclide-contaminated sites relative to reference sites. Furthermore, the patterns from six RAPD primers produced a higher average number of bands when using DNA from radionuclide- contaminated populations than from non-contaminated, and for three RAPD primers the average number of bands from radionuclide- contaminated populations was lower. In addition, 17 bands occurred at a higher frequency in the radionuclide-contaminated compared to the non-contaminated populations. For the allozyme analyses, it was found that there was a higher percentage of polymorphism and heterozygosity in the radionuclide-contaminated relative to non-contaminated sites. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary effects of contaminant exposure as well as to the development of population-level biomarkers
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018695231565
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of a major satellite DNA element isolated from a saltwater fishSillago japonica (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 22 (1995), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Schlagwort(e): fish ; repetitive DNA ; RFLP ; satellite DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A member of satellite repetitive DNA was isolated and sequenced from a saltwater fishSillago japonica (Percoidei). This sequence consists of several oligo-dA/dT tracts and two inverted repeats which resemble each other. Dot blot hybridization analysis using a satellite DNA clone pSJ2 among the species in the suborder Percoidei revealed that the pSJ2 sequence was amplified at least after the family Sillaginidae had been derived.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996302
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chalcone synthase in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Detection of the CHS protein in seedlings and molecular mapping of the chs locus (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 32 (1996), S. 735-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chalcone synthase cDNA (chs cDNA) ; RFLP ; anthocyanins ; flavonoids ; synteny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chalcone synthase is a key enzyme that catalyses the first dedicated reaction of the flavonoid pathway in higher plants. The chs gene and its protein product in rice has been investigated. The presence of a chalcone synthase (CHS) protein in rice seedlings and its developmental stage-specific expression has been demonstrated by western analysis. The chalcone synthase of rice was found to be immunologically similar to that of maize. A rice cDNA clone, Os-chs cDNA, encoding chalcone synthase, isolated from a leaf cDNA library of an indica rice variety Purpleputtu has been mapped to the centromeric region of chromosome 11 of rice. It was mapped between RFLP markers RG2 and RG103. RG2 is the nearest RFLP marker located at a genetic distance of 3.3 cM. Some segments of chromosome 11 of rice including chs locus are conserved on chromosome 4 of maize. The markers, including chs locus on chromosome 11 of rice are located, though not in the same order, on chromosome 4 of maize. Genetic analysis of purple pigmentation in two rice lines, Abhaya and Shyamala, used in the present mapping studies, indicated the involvement of three genes, one of which has been identified as a dominant inhibitor of leaf pigmentation. The Os-chs cDNA shows extensive sequence homology, both for DNA and protein (deduced), to that of maize, barley and also to different monocots and dicots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020214
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interspecific somatic hybrids between wild potato Solanum acaule Bitt. and anther-derived dihaploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 82-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words DNA content ; Morphology ; Protoplast fusion ; RAPD ; Somatic hybrid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Solanum acaule Bitt. is a disomic tetraploid (4x) wild potato species which is resistant to several potato diseases. Introgression of disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance to the tetrasomic tetraploid (4x) cultivated potato (S. tuberosum L.) gene pool via crossing has been limited due to the difference in the endosperm balance number. In the present study, protoplast fusion was applied to produce hexaploid (6x) somatic hybrids between the parental lines, tetraploid (4x) S. acaule and two anther-derived dihaploid (2x) lines of S. tuberosum cv. White Lady. One callus (0.4%) of a total of 229 calli obtained regenerated into shoots in the fusion combination S. acaule (+) White Lady 15.dh.8.2.2. All the regenerated shoots were confirmed to be interspecific somatic hybrids using species-specific RAPD markers. In another fusion combination, S. acaule (+) White Lady 7.dh.23.1.1, fifteen calli (5%) regenerated into a total of sixteen shoots from 289 calli. All the analysed somatic hybrids between S. acaule and S. tuberosum were hexaploid. The mean DNA content (2C value) of the combination S. acaule (+) White Lady 15.dh.8.2.2 somatic hybrids (4.55 pg), was approximately the sum (4.69 pg) of the DNA contents of the parental lines, S. acaule (2.95 pg) and S. tuberosum (1.74 pg). In the greenhouse, the two somatic hybrids analysed were normal in their morphological characteristics and more vigorous than their parental lines. Most of the morphological characteristics were closer to the tetraploid S. acaule than to the dihaploid S. tuberosum. The interspecific somatic hybrids are currently being tested for frost tolerance and glycoalkaloid composition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050536
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Construction of near-isogenic lines to investigate the efficiency of different resistance genes to anthracnose (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 859-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Phaseolus vulgaris ; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum ; PAL mRNA ; Cytology ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A suitable experimental model was designed with the aim of investigating the specific effect of different resistance genes in the Phaseolus vulgaris — Colletotrichum lindemuthianum interaction. The four resistance genes examined were chosen because they confer a different phenotype (resistance or susceptibility) to the lines carrying them when challenged by a range of C. lindemuthianum races. These different resistance genes were introgressed independently into the same susceptible recipient line. The isogenicity of the five near-isogenic lines (NILs) thus obtained (four resistant lines, one susceptible line = recipient line) was assessed by a RAPD analysis. The hypersensitive reaction occurred at the same time after infection, whatever the resistance gene present, when the NILs were challenged by the avirulent race 9 of the pathogen. In contrast, the pathogen development was arrested more or less rapidly in the different NILs. At the first stages of the infection process, the transcripts encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were accumulated to a different extent in the different resistant NILs but always to a higher level than in the susceptible recipient line. These results suggest that the different resistance genes operate through more than one way in the production of defense factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222023
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The identification of duplicate accessions within a rice germplasm collection using RAPD analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1049-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Genetic resources ; RAPD ; Molecular markers ; Cluster analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A set of accessions of Oryza sativa from the International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) that included known and suspected duplicates as well as closely related germplasm has been subjected to RAPD analysis. The number of primers, the number of polymorphic bands and the total number of bands were determined that will allow the accurate discrimination of these categories of accessions, including the identification of true and suspected duplicates. Two procedures have been described that could be employed on a more general basis for identifying duplicates in genetic resources collections, and further discussion on the values of such activities is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222920
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of the type and degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in diploid species of the genus Triticum (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1063-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): T. monococcum ssp. monococcum ; T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum ; T. urartu ; RFLP ; Diversity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The A genome of the Triticeae is carried by three diploid species and subspecies of the genus Triticum: T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, and T. urartu, the A-genome donor of bread wheat. These species carry many genes of agronomic interest, including disease resistances, and may also be used for the genetic mapping of the A genome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability present in a sample of 25 accessions representative of this group using RFLP markers. Twenty probes, consisting of genomic DNA or cDNA from wheat, were used in combination with four restriction enzymes. A high level of polymorphism was found, especially at the interspecific level. Selecting the most informative enzymes appeared to be of great importance in order to obtain a stable structure for the diversity observed with only 20 probes. The results are largely consistent with taxonomy and data relating to geographical origins. The probes were also tested on 14 wheat cutivars. A good correlation coefficient was found for their informative values on wheat cultivars and diploid lines. Whether the group of species studied here would be useful for genetic mapping remains to be determined. Nevertheless, RFLP markers will be useful to follow genes that can possibly be introgressed from these species into cultivated wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222922
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitivity of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to detect genetic change in sugarcane during tissue culture (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1169-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; Sugarcane ; Embryogenic callus ; Genetic transformation ; Somaclonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 10-mer oligonucleotide primers efficiently differentiated sugarcane cultivars and proved suitable for detecting gross genetic change such as that which can occur in sugarcane subjected to prolonged tissue culture, for example in protoplast-derived callus. However, RAPD analysis was not sufficiently sensitive to detect smaller genetic changes that occur during sugarcane genetic transformation. The length of DNA scored for polymorphism per primer averaged 13.2 kb, or 0.0001% of the typical sugarcane genome size of 1.2 × 107 kb (2C). RAPD analysis of sugarcane plants regenerated from embryogenic callus revealed very few polymorphisms, indicating that gross genetic change is infrequent during this tissue culture procedure, although epigenetic effects result in transient morphological changes in regenerated plants. More sensitive variations on the RAPD technique may increase the practicality of DNA-based screening of regenerated plant lines to reveal somaclonal variants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222939
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of the apomictic mode of reproduction in maize-Tripsacum hybrids using maize RFLP markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1198-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Diplospory ; RFLP ; Bulk-segregant analysis ; Genome similarity ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Polyploid plants in the genus Tripsacum, a wild relative of maize, reproduce through gametophytic apomixis of the diplosporous type, an asexual mode of reproduction through seed. Moving gene(s) responsible for the apomictic trait into crop plants would open new areas in plant breeding and agriculture. Efforts to transfer apomixis from Tripsacum into maize at CIMMYT resulted in numerou intergeneric F1 hybrids obtained from various Tripsacum species. A bulk-segregant analysis was carried out to identify molecular markers linked to diplospory in T. dactyloides. This was possible because of numerous genome similarities among related species in the Andropogoneae. On the basis of maize RFLP probes, three restriction fragments co-segregating with diplospory were identified in one maize-Tripsacum dactyloides F1 population that segregated 1∶1 for the mode of reproduction. The markers were also found to be linked in the maize RFLP map, on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 6. These results support a simple inheritance of diplospory in Tripsacum. Manipulation of the mode of reproduction in maize-Tripsacum backcross generations, and implications for the transfer of apomixis into maize, are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222943
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping quantitative trait loci for downy mildew resistance in pearl millet (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 448-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): QTLs ; RFLP ; Pearl millet ; Downy mildew resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to pathogen populations of Scelerospora graminicola from India, Nigeria, Niger and Senegal were mapped using a resistant x susceptible pearl millet cross. An RFLP map constructed using F2 plants was used to map QTLs for traits scored on F4 families. QTL analysis was carried out using the interval mapping programme Mapmaker/QTL. Independent inheritance of resistance to pathogen populations from India, Senegal, and populations from Niger and Nigeria was shown. These results demonstrate the existence of differing virulences in the pathogen populations from within Africa and between Africa and India. QTLs of large effect, contributing towards a large porportion of the variation in resistance, were consistently detected in repeated screens. QTLs of smaller and more variable effect were also detected. There was no QTLs that were effective against all four pathogen populations, demonstrating that pathotype-specific resistance is a major mechanism of downy mildew resistance in this cross. For all but one of the QTLs, resistance was inherited from the resistant parent and the inheritance of resistance tended to be the result of dominance or over-dominance. The implications of this research for pearl millet breeding are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222972
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a RAPD marker for palmitic-acid concentration in the seed oil of spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica rapa ; RFLP ; RAPD ; QTL ; Palmitic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract F2 progeny (105 individuals) from the cross Jo4002 x Sv3402 were used to identify DNA markers associated with palmitic-acid content in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). QTL mapping and ANOVA analysis of 140 markers exposed one linkage group with a locus controlling palmitic-acid content (LOD score 27), and one RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker, OPB-11a, closely linked (1.4 cM) to this locus. Palmitic-acid content in the 62 F2 plants with the visible allele of marker OPB-11a was 8.45 ±3.15%, while that in the 24 plants without it was 4.59 ±0.97%. As oleic-acid concentration is affected by a locus on the same linkage group as the palmitic-acid locus, this locus probably controls the chain elongation from palmitic acid to oleic acid (through stearic acid). Marker OPB-11a may be used in future breeding programs of spring turnip rape to simplify and hasten the selection for palmitic-acid content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222976
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytoplasmic DNAs and nuclear rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in commercial witloof chicories (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; rDNA ; RFLP ; Witloof chicory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of cytoplasmic DNAs and nuclear rDNA were analyzed in several Cichorium intybus genotypes, comprising four white inbred lines, eight red witloof experimental lines, and a number of F1 hybrids derived from two white parents. Chloroplast and mitochondrial restriction patterns led to the distinction between two different cytoplasms, called I and II. Southern hybridization using a nuclear rDNA probe revealed that all the lines possessed two types of rDNA repeat units. The shortest unit was 10 kb and was common to all lines. The largest rDNA repeat unit was 10.5 kb in lines I and 10.4 kb in lines II. In addition, a sequence heterogeneity between the 10.5 and 10.4-kb rDNA repeat units was revealed by Sac I digestion. A 10-kb rDNA unit was successively cloned, mapped, and used as a probe to check the genetic purity of F1 hybrid seeds between line I and II white parents. We found a 30% average percentage of impurities, originating both from selfing and full-sib crossing, in different open-pollinated hybrid samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222980
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic mapping of soybean cyst nematode race-3 resistance loci in the soybean PI 437.654 (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 574-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Glycine max ; Heterodera glycines ; RFLP ; Genetic mapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is difficult to evaluate in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding. PI 437.654 has resistance to more SCN race isolates than any other known soybean. We screened 298 F6∶7 recombinant-inbred lines from a cross between PI 437.654 and ‘BSR101’ for SCN race-3 resistance, genetically mapped 355 RFLP markers and the I locus, and tested these markers for association with resistance loci. The Rhg 4 resistance locus was within 1 cM of the I locus on linkage group A. Two additional QTLs associated with SCN resistance were located within 3cM of markers on groups G and M. These two loci were not independent because 91 of 96 lines that had a resistant-parent marker type on group G also had a resistant-parent marker type on group M. Rhg 4 and the QTL on G showed a significant interaction by together providing complete resistance to SCN race-3. Individually, the QTL on G had greater effect on resistance than did Rhg 4, but neither locus alone provided a degree of resistance much different from the susceptible parent. The nearest markers to the mapped QTLs on groups A and G had allele frequencies from the resistant parent indicating 52 resistant lines in this population, a number not significantly different from the 55 resistant lines found. Therefore, no QTLs from PI 437.654 other than those mapped here are expected to be required for resistance to SCN race-3. All 50 lines that had the PI 437.654 marker type at the nearest marker to each of the QTLs on groups A and G were resistant to SCN race-3. We believe markers near to these QTLs can be used effectively to select for SCN race-3 resistance, thereby improving the ability to breed SCN-resistant soybean varieties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223282
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationships among cultivated and wild lentils revealed by RAPD analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 647-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Lens ; RAPD ; Cluster analysis ; Diversity ; Phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract RAPD markers were used to distinguish between six different Lens taxa, representing cultivated lentil and its wild relatives. Twenty-four arbitrary sequence 10-mer primers were identified which revealed robust and easily interpretable amplification-product profiles. These generated a total of 88 polymorphic bands in 54 accessions and were used to partition variation within and among Lens taxa. The data showed that, of the taxa examined, ssp. orientalis is most similar to cultivated lentil. L. ervoides was the most divergent wild taxon followed by L. nigricans. The genetic similarity between the latter two species was of the same magnitude as between ssp. orientalis and cultivated lentil. In addition, species-diagnostic amplification products specific to L. odemensis, L. ervoides and L. nigricans were identified. These results correspond well with previous isozyme and RFLP studies. RAPDs, however, appear to provide a greater degree of resolution at a sub-species level. The level of variation detected within cultivated lentils suggests that RAPD markers may be an appropriate technology for the construction of genetic linkage maps between closely related Lens accessions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223292
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A barley RFLP map: alignment of three barley maps and comparisons to Gramineae species (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 681-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): RFLP ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum ; Gramineae ; Comparative mapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Several gene linkage maps have been produced for cultivated barley. We have produced a new linkage map for barley, based on a cross between Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum and Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare (Hvs x Hvv), having a higher level of polymorphism than most of the previous barley crosses used for RFLP mapping. Of 133 markers mapped in the Hvs x Hvv F2 population, 69 were previously mapped on other barley maps, and 26 were mapped in rice, maize, or wheat. Two known gene clones were mapped as well as two morphological markers. The distributions of previously mapped markers were compared with their respective barley maps to align the different maps into one consensus map. The distributions of common markers among barley, wheat, rice and maize were also compared, indicating colinear linkage groups among these species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223297
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linkage relationships among stress-induced genes in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 795-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Salt stress ; Water deficient ; Heat shock ; Mapping ; Triticeae ; RFLP ; Linkage map
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Linkage relationships among genes responding to water-deficit, salt stress, and heat shock were investigated in diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L. The position of these gene loci relative to closely linked markers and the centromeres is reported. It is proposed to continue to use the present T. monococcum mapping population and the genetic maps based thereon as a framework for future determination of relationships among other genes related to environmental stress in the tribe Triticeae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220962
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of a highly heterozygous locus in recombinant inbred lines of rice and its possible involvement in heterosis (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 978-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Heterozygosity ; Oryza sativa ; Heterosis ; RFLP ; Recombinant inbred lines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Forty-seven recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from a cross between two indica rices, cv ‘Phalguna’ and the Assam land race ARC 6650, were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using cloned probes defining 150 single-copy loci uniformly dispersed on the 12 chromosomes of rice. Of the probes tested, 47 detected polymorphism between the parents. Heterozygosity was calculated for each line and for each of the polymorphic loci. Average heterozygosity per line was 9.6% but was excessive (〉20%) in the 5 lines that seemed to have undergone outcrossing immediately prior to harvest. Average heterozygosity detected by each probe across the 47 RI lines was 9.7%. The majority of probes revealed the low level of heterozygosity (〈8%) expected for F5-F6 lines in a species showing about 5% outbreeding. On the other hand, 7 probes exhibited heterozygosity in excess of 15%, while with a eighth probe (RG2 from chromosome 11) heterozygosity varied according to the restriction enzyme employed, ranging from 2% with SaII to 72% with EcoRV. The presence of 34 recombination sites in a segment of the genome as short as 24 kb indicates a strong selection for recombination between two neighbouring loci, one required as homozygous for the ‘Phalguna’ allele, and the other heterozygous. Since selection was principally for yield advantage over that of the high-yielding parent, ‘Phalguna’, one or both of these loci may be important for heterosis in this cross. The results also indicate that heterozygosity as measured by RFLP can depend on the particular restriction endonuclease employed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223909
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diversity and inheritance of inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; Repetitive DNA ; Genome mapping ; Microsatellite DNA ; Conifers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We studied inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism and inheritance in Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) megagametophytes using primers that anneal to simple repeats of various lengths, sequences, and non-repetitive motifs at the 5′ and 3′ ends. Products were visualized on agarose gels with ethidium bromide staining. More than 60% of the 96 primers tested gave interpretable banding patterns in both Douglas-fir and sugi, and the useful primers were in complete agreement among species. Dinucleotide repeat primers were the majority of those tested, and gave all of the useful banding patterns. The 24 best primers were used for segregation studies, yielding a total of 77 loci distributed among two Douglas-fir families and one sugi family. Approximately 90% of the 24 primers showed polymorphism within at least one of the three families. The average number of variable loci per primer was 1.6. Primers based on (AG) n repeats gave the largest number of polymorphic loci; 16 primer-family combinations yielded 24 segregating loci. However, primer based on (GT) n repeats gave the most loci per primer studied (mean of 2.0). All markers displayed apparent dominance (band presence vs absence), and all but three segregation ratios (4%) fit Mendelian expectations: Because they employ longer primers than do RAPDs, have a high degree of polymorphism, conform well to Mendelian expectations, and do not require use of acrylamide gels for analysis, ISSRs may be useful markers for PCR-based genome maps and population studies of conifers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222949
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity in European and Mediterranean faba bean germ plasm revealed by RAPD markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): RAPD ; Genetic diversity ; Vicia faba L ; Germ plasm ; Gene pools
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Broadening of the genetic base and systematic exploitation of heterosis in faba bean requires reliable information on the genetic diversity in the germ plasm. Three groups of faba bean inbred lines were examined by means of RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs) assays: 13 European small-seeded lines, 6 European large-seeded lines, and 9 Mediterranean lines. Out of 59 primers, 35 were informative and yielded 365 bands, 289 of which were polymorphic with a mean of 8.3 bands per primer. Monomorphic bands were omitted from the analyses and genetic distances (GD) were estimated via the coefficient of Jaccard. The mean GD among the European small-seeded lines was significantly greater than those among the lines of the other two groups. Repeatability of GD estimates was high. Cluster (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analyses identified European small-seeded lines and Mediterranean lines as distinct groups with European large-seeded lines located in between. The results are in harmony with published archaeobotanical findings. We conclude that RAPDs are useful for classification of germ plasm and identification of divergent heterotic groups in faba bean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220992
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping quantitative trait loci for seedling vigor in rice using RFLPs (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; RFLP ; Seedling vigor ; Shoot growth ; Oryza sauva
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Improving seedling vigor is an important objective of modern rice (Oryza saliva L.) breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying seedling vigor-related traits using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). An F2 population of 204 plants was developed from a cross between a low-vigor japonica cultivar ‘Labelle’ (LBL) and a high-vigor indica cultivar ‘Black Gora’ (BG). A linkage map was constructed of 117 markers spanning 1496 Haldane cM and encompassing the 12 rice chromosomes with an average marker spacing of 14 cM. The length of the shoots, roots, coleoptile and mesocotyl were measured on F3 families in slantboard tests conducted at two temperatures (18° and 25°C). By means of interval analysis, 13 QTLs, each accounting for 7% to 38% of the phenotypic variance, were identified and mapped in the two temperature regimes at a log-likelihood (LOD) threshold of 2.5. Four QTLs controlled shoot length, 2 each controlled root and coleoptile lengths and 5 influenced mesocotyl length. Single-point analysis confirmed the presence of these QTLs and detected additional loci for shoot, root and coleoptile lengths, these latter usually accounting for less than 5% of the phenotypic variation. Only 3 QTLs detected both by interval and singlepoint analyses were expressed under both temperature regimes. Additive, dominant and overdominant modes of gene action were observed. Contrary to what was predicted from parental phenotype, the low-vigor LBL contributed 46% of the positive alleles for shoot, root and coleoptile lengths. Positive alleles from the high-vigor parent BG were identified for increased root, coleoptile and mesocotyl lengths. However, BG contributed alleles with only minor effects for shoot length, the most important determinant of seedling vigor in water-seeded rice, suggesting that it would not be an ideal donor parent for introducing faster shoot growth alleles into temperate japonica cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223685
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of molecular markers linked to the Agropyron elongatum-derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 982-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Leaf rust ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Wheat ; Agropyron elongatum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 derived from Agropyron elongatum (3DL/3Ag translocation). Two near isogenic lines (NILs), ‘Arina’ and Lr24/7 * “Arina”, were screened for polymorphism at the DNA level with 115 RFLP probes. Twenty-one of these probes map to the homoeologous group 3. In addition, 360 RAPD primers were tested on the NILs. Six RFLP probes showed polymorphism between the NILs, and 11 RAPD primers detected one additional band in the resistant NIL. The genetic linkage of the polymorphic markers with Lr24 was tested on a segregating F2 population (150 plants) derived from a cross between the leaf rust resistant Lr24/7 * “Arina” and the susceptible spelt (Triticum spelta) variety ‘Oberkulmer’. All 6 RFLP markers were completely linked to Lr24: one was inherited as a codominant marker (PSR1205), one was in coupling phase (PSR1203) and 4 were in repulsion phase (PSR388, PSR904, PSR931, PSR1067) with Lr24. The localization of these probes on chromosome 3D was confirmed by nulli-tetrasomic analysis. Distorted genotypic segregation was found for the Codominant RFLP marker PSR1205. This distortion can be explained by the occurrence of hemizygous plants. One of the 11 RAPD markers (OPJ-09) also showed complete linkage to theLr24 resistance gene. The polymorphic RAPD fragment was cloned and sequenced. Specific primers were synthesized, and they produced an amplification product only in the resistant plants. This specific marker allows a reliable and rapid screening of a large number of genotypes in practical breeding. Analysis of 6 additional lines containing Lr24 revealed that 3 lines have a smaller chromosomal segment of A. elongatum than lines derived from ‘Agent’, a commonly used gene donor for the Lr24 resistance gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222911
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The genetic and molecular characterization of pollen-derived plant lines from octoploid triticale x wheat hybrids (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Doubled haploids ; Octoploid triticale ; Wheat ; Wheat/rye translocations ; Wheat/rye addition ; Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) ; SDS-PAGE ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Six doubled-haploid (DH) lines, derived by anther culture from octoploid triticale x wheat hybrids, were characterized using cytological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Lines varied in their wheat and rye genome composition, and were either wheat-rye chromosome multiple addition lines or had spontaneous substitutions and/or wheat-rye translocations. Most of the lines contained a pair of 4R chromosomes, whereas 1R or 7R were present in others. The results are similar to those previously obtained with hexaploid triticale x wheat crosses and indicate that it is possible to produce alien (wheat/rye) addition, substitution, and translocation lines directly from the anther culture of intergeneric hybrids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221892
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for RAPD heteroduplex formation in cranberry: implications for pedigree and genetic-relatedness studies and a source of co-dominant RAPD markers (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 840-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Heteroduplex ; RAPD ; Co-dominant markers ; Silver stain ; Genetic relatedness
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Silver-stained random amplified polymorphic DNA (ssRAPD) markers have been identified that are always jointly present or absent in the ssRAPD profiles of cranberry varieties. On the basis of segregation data and the ability to re-create these “associated ssRAPDs” through the intermixing of amplified DNA from individuals lacking them, five of the six pairs of associated ssRAPDs analyzed were shown to be consistent with heteroduplex molecules. Heteroduplexes are “hybrid”” double-stranded DNAs that are formed following the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of two DNA segments that have a high degree of homology to one another, yet differ in their nucleotide sequences as a result of base pair deletions, additions, or substitutions. Three of the five putative heteroduplex systems identified are consistent with a one locus, two-allele heteroduplex model. The remaining two systems appeared to be multi-allelic, involving interactions among three and four alleles, respectively. RAPD heteroduplex formation has the potential to confound genetic relatedness and pedigree studies. Heterozygous individuals exhibit heteroduplex RAPDs not seen in either of the two homozygote classes. Genetic estimates under such a circumstance would “inflate” the differences between the heterozygote and the homozygote classes. Heteroduplex formation is also a mechanism for the presence of non-parental RAPDs in progeny of parents homozygous for alternate alleles. While this class of molecular markers can confound RAPD analyses, they also offer a source of co-dominant RAPD markers, which are of value in genetic relatedness estimates and as markers for studying breeding behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221896
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPD markers linked to the Vf gene for scab resistance in apple (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words  Apple ; Scab resistance ; Vf gene ; RAPD ; Linkage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   Scab (Venturia inaequalis) is one of the most harmful diseases of apple, significantly affecting world apple production. The identification and early selection of resistant genotypes by molecular markers would greatly improve breeding strategies. Bulked segregant analysis was chosen for the identification of RAPD markers linked to the Vf scab resistant gene. Five different RAPD markers, derived from the wild species Malus floribunda. 821, were identified, and their genetic distance from Vf gene was estimated. The markers OPAM192200 and OPAL07580 were found to be very closely linked to the Vf gene. This result was indirectly confirmed by the analysis of resis-tant genotypes collected from various breeding programmes. Except for cv `Murray', which carries the Vm gene, all these resistant genotypes showed the markers OPAM192200 and OPAL07580.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050196
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The genetic and molecular characterization of pollen-derived plant lines from octoploid triticale × wheat hybrids (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words  Doubled haploids ; Octoploid triticale ; Wheat ; Wheat/rye translocations ; Wheat/rye addition ; Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) ; SDS-PAGE ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   Six doubled-haploid (DH) lines, derived by anther culture from octoploid triticale × wheat hybrids, were characterized using cytological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Lines varied in their wheat and rye genome composition, and were either wheat-rye chromosome multiple-addition lines or had spontaneous substitutions and/or wheat-rye translocations. Most of the lines contained a pair of 4R chromosomes, whereas 1R or 7R were present in others. The results are similar to those previously obtained with hexaploid triticale × wheat crosses and indicate that it is possible to produce alien (wheat/rye) addition, substitution, and translocation lines directly from the anther culture of intergeneric hybrids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050197
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linkage between RFLP markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Kernel hardness ; Wheat ; RFLP ; QTL ; Puroindoline
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. A variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (F7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. The major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5DS, was found to be closely linked with the locus Xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. This locus explained around 63% of the phenotypic variability but there was no evidence that puroindoline-a is the product of Ha (soft). Four additional regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5B, and 6D were shown to have single-factor effects on hardness, while three others situated on chromosomes 5A, 6D and 7A had interaction effects. Positive alleles were contributed by both parents. A three-marker model explains about 75% of the variation for this trait.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417951
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic localization of four genes for nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 991-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Sugar beet ; Beta vulgaris ; Nematode resistance ; RFLP ; Genetic maps ; Bulk segregant analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.). Three resistance genes originating from the wild beets B. procumbens and B. webbiana have been transferred to sugar beet via species hybridization. We describe the genetic localization of the nematode resistance genes in four different sugar beet lines using segregating populations and RFLP markers from our current sugar beet linkage map. The mapping studies yielded a surprising result. Although the four parental lines carrying the wild beet translocations were not related to each other, the four genes mapped to the same locus in sugar beet independent of the original translocation event. Close linkage (0–4.6 cM) was found with marker loci at one end of linkage group IV. In two populations, RFLP loci showed segregation distortion due to gametic selection. For the first time, the non-randomness of the translocation process promoting gene transfer from the wild beet to the sugar beet is demonstrated. The data suggest that the resistance genes were incorporated into the sugar beet chromosomes by non-allelic homologous recombination. The finding that the different resistance genes are allelic will have major implications on future attempts to breed sugar beet combining the different resistance genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050220
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative genetic mapping between duplicated segments on maize chromosomes 3 and 8 and homoeologous regions in sorghum and sugarcane (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1024-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Maize ; Sorghum ; Sugarcane ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Comparative mapping within maize, sorghum and sugarcane has previously revealed the existence of syntenic regions between the crops. In the present study, mapping on the sorghum genome of a set of probes previously located on the maize and sugarcane maps allow a detailed analysis of the relationship between maize chromosomes 3 and 8 and sorghum and sugarcane homoeologous regions. Of 49 loci revealed by 46 (4 sugarcane and 42 maize) polymorphic probes in sorghum, 42 were linked and were assigned to linkage groups G (28), E (10) and I (4). On the basis of common probes, a complete co-linearity is observed between sorghum linkage group G and the two sugarcane linkage groups II and III. The comparison between the consensus sorghum/sugarcane map (G/II/III) and the maps of maize chromosomes 3 and 8 reveals a series of linkage blocks within which gene orders are conserved. These blocks are interspersed with non-homoeologous regions corresponding to the central part of the two maize chromosomes and have been reshuffled, resulting in several inversions in maize compared to sorghum and sugarcane. The results emphasize the fact that duplication will considerably complicate precise comparative mapping at the whole genome scale between maize and other Poaceae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050225
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RFLP mapping of QTLs for yield and related characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 920-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Oryza sativa L. ; RFLP ; Yield traits ; QTLs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143-RG214, about 4 cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050212
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping of a QTL for oleic acid concentration in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 952-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Brassica rapa ; RAPD ; SCAR ; Bulked segregant analysis ; QTL ; Oleic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Bulk segregant analysis was used to search for RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers linked to gene(s) affecting oleic acid concentration in an population from the Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera cross Jo4002 x a high oleic acid individual from line Jo4072. Eight primers (=8 markers) out of 104 discriminated the ‘high’ and ‘low’ bulks consisting of extreme individuals from the oleic acid distribution. These markers were analysed throughout the entire population, and their association with oleic acid was studied using both interval mapping and ANOVA analysis. Six of the markers mapped to one linkage group. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting oleic acid concentration was found to reside within this linkage group with a LOD score 〉 15. The most suitable marker for oleic acid content is OPH-17, a codominant marker close (〈 4cM) to the QTL. The mean seed oleic acid content in the individuals carrying the larger allele of this marker was 80.149.76%; in individuals with the smaller allele, 54.536.83%; in the heterozygotes, 65.478.15%. To increase reproducibility, the RAPD marker was converted into a SCAR (sequence characterized amplied region) marker with specific primers. Marker OPH-17 can be used to select spring turnip rape individuals with the desired oleic acid content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050215
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linkage between RFLP markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Kernel hardness ; Wheat ; RFLP ; QTL ; Puroindoline
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. A variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (F7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. The major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5DS, was found to be closely linked with the locus Xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. This locus explained around 63% of the phenotypic variability but there was no evidence that puroindoline-a is the product of Ha (soft). Four additional regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5B, and 6D were shown to have single-factor effects on hardness, while three others situated on chromosomes 5A, 6D and 7A had interaction effects. Positive alleles were contributed by both parents. A three-marker model explains about 75% of the variation for this trait.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050318
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative QTL mapping of resistance to Ustilago maydis across four populations of European flint-maize (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1321-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Maize ; Ustilago maydis ; QTL mapping ; RFLP ; Resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to Ustilago maydis and investigated their consistency across different flint-maize populations. Four independent populations, comprising 280 F3 lines (A×BI), 120 F5 lines (A×BII), 131 F4 lines (A×C) and 133 F4 lines (C×D), were produced from four European elite flint inbreds (A, B, C, D) and genotyped at 89, 151, 104, and 122 RFLP marker loci, respectively. All Fn lines were evaluated in field trials with two replications in five German environments. Genotypic variances were highly significant for the percentage of U. maydis infected plants (UST) in all populations, and heritabilities exceeded 0.69. Between five and ten QTLs were detected in individual populations by composite interval mapping, explaining between 39% and 58% of the phenotypic variance. These 19 different QTLs were distributed over all ten chromosomes without any clustering on certain chromosomes. In most cases, gene action was dominant or overdominant. Fourteen pairs of the detected QTLs for UST displayed significant digenic epistatic interactions, but only two of them did so after arcsin √UST/100 transformation. Significant QTL× environment interactions occurred frequently. Between two to four QTLs were common between pairs of populations. Population C×D was also grown in Chartres, a location with a high U. maydis incidence. Two out of six QTLs identified for Chartres were in common with QTLs detected across five German environments for C×D. Consequently, marker-assisted or phenotypic selection based on results from natural infection seem to be suitable breeding strategies for improving the resistance of maize to U. maydis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051025
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inter- and intra-genomic homology of the Brassica genomes: implications for their origin and evolution (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1225-1233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica rapa ; B. oleracea ; B. nigra ; Genome homology ; RFLP ; Linkage maps
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In order to determine the homologous regions shared by the cultivated Brassica genomes, linkage maps of the diploid cultivated B. rapa (A genome, n = 10), B. nigra (B genome, n = 8) and B. oleracea (C genome, n = 9), were compared. We found intergenomic conserved regions but with extensitve reordering among the genomes. Eighteen linkage groups from all three species could be associated on the basis of homologous segments based on at least three common markers. Intragenomic homologous conservation was also observed for some of the chromosomes of the A, B and C genomes. A possible chromosome phylogenetic pathway based on an ancestral genome of at least five, and no more than seven chromosomes, was drawn from the chromosomal inter-relationships observed. These results demonstrate that extensive duplication and rearrangement have been involved in the formation of the Brassica genomes from a smaller ancestral genome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223454
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetics of resistance to ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis) of lentil and the identification of closely linked RAPD markers (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ascochyta lentis ; Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris ; Bulked segregant analysis ; Resistance genes ; RAPD ; QTL analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Foliar resistance to Ascochyta lentis is controlled at a single major locus by a dominant gene (AbR 1 ) in the lentil accession ILL5588 (cv ‘Northfield’). Flanking RAPD markers that are closely linked to the resistance locus in coupling phase were identified by bulked segregant analysis. Out of 261 decanucleotide primers screened 7 produced a polymorphic marker that segregated with the resistance locus, and all markers were found to exist within a single linkage group. Five of the seven RAPD markers were within 30 cM of the resistance locus. Log likelihood analysis for detecting QTL associated with the foliar resistance revealed that a single narrow peak accounted for almost 90% of the variance of resistance between the bulks. Preliminary mapping in an F3 population revealed that the closest flanking markers were approximately 6 and 14 centiMorgans (cM) away from the resistance locus. These markers should be useful for the discrimination of resistant germplasm through marker-assisted selection in future breeding programmes and represent the first essential step towards the map-based cloning of this resistance gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051044
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ribosomal DNA variation in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv., and a survey of variation from Europe and Asia (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 751-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Foxtail millet ; rDNA ; RFLP ; Restriction mapping ; Geographical distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the structure of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were investigated in 117 landraces of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Five RFLP phenotypes were found when the genomic DNA was digested with BamHI; these were named types I–V. Of these types I, II and III were the most frequent. Type I was mainly distributed in the temperature zone, type II in the Taiwan-Philippines Islands and type III in South Asia. Restriction mapping of the cloned rDNA and comparison with RFLP phenotypes showed that the different types originated from a polymorphism in the length within the intergenic spacer (IGS) and BamHI site changes within the IGS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050621
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic analysis of Acacia (Mimosaceae) as revealed from chloroplast RFLP data (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words DNA ; Molecular evolution ; Parsimony ; PAUP ; Phylogeny ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Chloroplast DNA of 22 species of Acacia (Tourn.) Miller was digested with ten restriction endonucleases, Southern-blotted and probed with cloned fragments covering the chloroplast genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Phyletic and phenetic analyses of the resulting 176 polymorphic bands recorded among the 22 species were performed. The phylogram was reconstructed using heuristic search and Wagner parsimony. The resulting most parsimonious consensus phylogram displayed three major phyletic lineages, consistent with the previously established three subgenera of Acacia. The 10 species of subgenus Acacia and the 6 species of subgenus Heterophyllum formed two monophyletic sister clades. The 5 species of subgenus Aculeiferum studied and Acacia albida (Syn. Faidherbia albida) grouped together and were basal to the clades of subgenera Acacia and Heterophyllum. The phylogram indicated that subgenus Heterophyllum diverged earlier from subgenus Aculeiferum than did subgenus Acacia; however, the phenogram indicated the reverse. The study indicated that A. nilotica and A. farnesiana are sister species, though A. nilotica is Afro-Asiatic and A. farnesiana is American. The phenogram separated the three subgenera in agreement with the phylogram, but the two dendrograms differed regarding the topologies of the species and the distance of evolution between subgenera Acacia and Heterophyllum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051071
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping of Ve in tomato: a gene conferring resistance to the broad-spectrum pathogen, Verticillium dahliae race 1 (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Linkage analysis ; Mapping populations ; Introgression Lines ; RFLP ; Host range
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The soil-borne fungi Verticillium spp. cause vascular wilt disease in a wide range of crop plants. In tomato, resistance to Verticillium dahliae race 1 is conferred by a single dominant gene, Ve. Previous efforts to map Ve in tomato have yielded confusing results, locating it on different chromosomes, which subsequently raised the possibility that Verticillium resistance may be controlled by a number of loci. We used three different mapping populations to obtain an unambiguous map location of Ve: a recombinant inbred (RI) line population; an F2 population segregating for Verticillium resistance; and a population of 50 introgression lines (IL). In all of the mapping populations Ve was positioned on the short arm of chromosome 9 tightly linked to the RFLP marker GP39. This linkage was confirmed by screening for GP39 in different breeding lines with known resistance or susceptibility to Verticillium. A perfect match was found between GP39 and the Verticillium response of the lines, indicating the potential of GP39 in the rapid detection of Verticillium resistance and as a starting point for map-based cloning of Ve. This approach is particularly relevant for Verticillium dahliae race 1, since in the present work we also show that the isolate that infects tomato is responsible for wilt disease in other important crop plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051075
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of RAPD for verifying the apomictic status of seedlings of Malus species (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1080-1083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsMalus ; Apomixis ; RAPD ; Baskatong ; Red-purple pigmentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The lack of red-purple pigmentation in seedlings obtained from crosses between M. cv Baskatong, carrying a dominant homozygous gene for red-purple pigmentation, and other species has been used for the detection of apomictic plants in Malus species. RAPD marker techniques were employed to evaluate the genetic similarity between putative apomictic seedlings and their female parents. From the selected set of 20 (OPA) primers about half were able to detect hybrids from the apomictic seedlings, if present. RAPD analyses confirmed the usefulness of the colour-marker gene in detecting the hybrids in vitro for seedlings of M. toringoides×M. cv Baskatong, but not for crosses involving M. hupehensis×M. cv Baskatong where in vitro colour-based selection was not possible (due to red stems in all cases). The set of primers (OPA-01, 02, 08, 09, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 20) clearly determined the hybrid nature of seedlings and allowed the selection of apomictic ones. Therefore, although cv Baskatong is useful as an indicator, these data show that this technique is not applicable in all cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050665
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPD analysis of isolated mitochondrial DNA reveals heterogeneity in elite wild abortive (WA) cytoplasm in rice (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1098-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words mtDNA ; RAPD ; Rice ; WA cytoplasm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  RAPD profiles were generated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from two cytoplasmic male-sterile lines, two restorer lines and four maintainer lines of rice. Of the 40 primers tested, 25 generated consistent and easily scoreable patterns that were used for the computation of pairwise similarities as well as UPGMA analyses. The different lines of rice, including lines IR58025A and IR62829A that contained the same wild abortive (WA) cytoplasm, were distinguishable on the basis of RAPD profiles. These latter two lines were not distinguishable from each other by mtDNA RFLP analyses with as many as 16 mtDNA probes. The data illustrate the utility of the RAPD technique as a powerful tool for distinguishing different cytoplasms that by other techniques appear to be similar. To our knowledge, this is the first report wherein RAPD profiles obtained with isolated mtDNA templates enable the distinction between two or more types of cytoplasms in rice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050668
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative molecular mapping of GA insensitive Rht loci on chromosomes 4B and 4D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1133-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Comparative genetic mapping ; Dwarfing genes ; GA insensitivity ; Microsatellites ; RFLP ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The two GA-insensitive dwarfing gene loci Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 were mapped using three F2 populations, segregating for Rht-B1c (Rht3), Rht-D1b (Rht2) or Rht-D1c (Rht10). Rht-B1c was mapped on chromosome 4BS in the centromere region, distal and closely linked to the RFLP markers Xpsr144 (11.9 cM) and Xpsr584 (17.8 cM), but proximal to Xmwg634 (30 cM). Rht-D1c, however, was found to be closely linked to the distally located markers Xpsr921 (0.8 cM) and Xmwg634 (1.5 cM). The homoeologous relationships between the GA-insensitive dwarfing genes within the Triticeae are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050673
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A genetic linkage map of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) developed from a cross between two inbred, domesticated lines (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1210-1217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Vigna unguiculata ; RFLP ; RAPD ; AFLP ; Linkage map
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We have constructed a genetic linkage map within the cultivated gene pool of cowpea (2n=2x=22) from an F8 recombinant inbred population (94 individuals) derived from a cross between the inbreds IT84S-2049 and 524B. These breeding lines, developed in Nigeria and California, show contrasting reactions against several pests and diseases and differ in several morphological traits. Parental lines were screened with 332 random RAPD decamers, 74 RFLP probes (bean, cowpea and mung bean genomic DNA clones), and 17 AFLP primer combinations. RAPD primers were twice as efficient as AFLP primers and RFLP probes in detecting polymorphisms in this cross. The map consists of 181 loci, comprising 133 RAPDs, 19 RFLPs, 25 AFLPs, three morphological/classical markers, and a biochemical marker (dehydrin). These markers identified 12 linkage groups spanning 972 cM with an average distance of 6.4 cM between markers. Linkage groups ranged from 3 to 257 cM in length and included from 2 to 41 markers, respectively. A gene for earliness was mapped on linkage group 2. Seed weight showed a significant association with a RAPD marker on linkage group 5. This map should facilitate the identification of markers that “tag” genes for pest and disease resistance and other traits in the cultivated gene pool of cowpea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050683
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular characterization can quantify and partition variation among genebank holdings: a case study with phenotypically similar accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) `Golden Acre' (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words AMOVA ; Conservation ; Curation ; Genetic markers ; Molecular genetic screening ; RAPD
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract To better characterize and conserve crop genetic resources, the assessment of genetic identity, relatedness, and structure among entries and collections becomes a priority. In the present study, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was applied as a quick, cost-effective, and preliminary screen to quantify and partition the molecular variation among accessions. Fourteen phenotypically uniform accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) similarly designated as `Golden Acre' were tested with nine decamer oligonucleotide primers. These amplifications generated 110 fragments, of which 80 were polymorphic ranging in size from 370 to 1720 bp. The 80 polymorphic fragments were sufficient to distinguish between all 14 accessions. Data based on the partitioning of variation among accessions indicated that `Golden Acre' entries could be reduced to as few as four groups, with the potential loss of variation being only 4.6% of the absolute current genetic variation in those holdings as estimated from RAPD analysis. This proposed grouping would concurrently save approximately 70% [$750–1000 (US) per accession] for each cycle of regeneration (approximately 20–25 years at most) which alternatively could then be used for other priorities in B. oleracea conservation and use. This case represents but one example where targeted use of a molecular-marker assay linked with rigorous statistical analysis will be useful for plant genebank management, particularly for questions at the intraspecific level. Molecular markers will provide genebank curators with additional sources of information to better plan and organize collection holdings and use finite financial support in a more effective manner.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050404
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and sequencing of RAPD fragments amplified from mitochondrial DNA of male-sterile and male-fertile cytoplasm of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsBeta vulgaris ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; RAPD ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Chloroplast DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA fragments of two nearly isogenic lines of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were amplified by RAPD analysis. A number of fragments, most of them unique to either the male-sterile or the male-fertile cytoplasm, were selected for cloning and sequencing. One fragment was present in the PCR fingerprint pattern of both cytoplasms, whereas five of the selected fragments were specifically amplified from only one type of cytoplasm. The mitochondrial origin of all cloned RAPD fragments was confirmed by Southern hybridization. One fragment resulted in a hybridization pattern that suggests its repetitive presence in the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet. Four out of the five cytoplasm-specific RAPD fragments were shown to hybridize specifically to one type of cytoplasm only. One fragment hybridizing with the mtDNA from N-cytoplasm also revealed hybridization signals with both total and nuclear DNAs of N- as well as S-cytoplasm. Sequence alignments of this clone showed strong homologies with a part of the plastidal ndhC gene of higher plants, indicating that the male-fertile-specific mtDNA RAPD fragment is derived from chloroplast DNA. Sequence analysis of an amplified sterile-specific fragment revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 288 bp. Northern hybridization showed a transcription signal specific for the male-sterile cytoplasm. No sequence homology of the open reading frame to any known sequences was found. The results reveal an extremely high degree of sequence variability between the mtDNA of the N- and S-cytoplasm of Beta vulgaris.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050410
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic linkage map of a wheat×spelt cross (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 1163-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsTriticum aestivum ; Triticum spelta ; RFLP ; Genetic map ; QTL
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We constructed a genetic map of a cross between the Swiss winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Forno and the Swiss winter spelt (Triticum spelta L.) variety Oberkulmer. For the linkage analysis,176 polymorphic RFLP probes and nine microsatellites were tested on 204 F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Forno×Oberkulmer revealing 242 segregating marker loci. Thirty five percent of these loci showed significant (P〉0.05) deviation from a 1 : 1 segregation, and the percentage of Forno alleles ranged from 21% to 83% for individual marker loci. Linkage analysis was performed with the program MAPMAKER using the Haldane mapping function. Using a LOD threshold of 10, we obtained 37 linkage groups. After finding the best order of marker loci within linkage groups by multi-point analysis we assembled the linkage groups into 23 larger units by lowering the LOD threshold. All except one of the 23 new linkage groups could be assigned to physical chromosomes or chromosome arms according to hybridisation patterns of nulli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring and published wheat maps. This resulted in a genetic map comprising 230 marker loci and spanning 2469 cM. Since the analysed population is segregating for a wide range of agronomically important traits, this genetic map is an ideal basis for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051181
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Construction of RFLP-based maps of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Foxtail millet ; Genetic map ; Primary trisomics ; RFLP ; Setaria italica ; Setaria viridis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  An RFLP-based map consisting of 160 loci was constructed in an intervarietal cross of foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], Longgu 25×Pagoda Flower Green. The map comprises nine linkage groups, which were aligned with the nine foxtail millet chromosomes using trisomic lines, and spans 964 cM. The intraspecific map was compared to an interspecific map, constructed in a S. italica×S. viridis cross. Both the order of the markers and the genetic distances between the loci were highly conserved. Deviations from the expected 1 : 2 : 1 Mendelian segregation ratios were observed in both the intra- and inter-specific populations. The segregation data indicate that chromosome VIII in the Longgu 25×Pagoda Flower Green cross carries a gene that strongly affects gamete fertility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050705
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPD variation in wild populations of four species of the genus Hordeum (Poaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hordeum ; Barley ; RAPD ; Variability ; Phylogeny ; DNA analyses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The genetic variation of 102 natural populations of wild barley growing in Spain was assessed using RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA). The plant material included the annual species H. marinum subsp. marinum (22 populations) and subsp. gussoneanum (14), H. murinum subsp. murinum (7) and subsp. leporinum (35), and the perennial species H. bulbosum (17) and H. secalinum (7). Ten of the tested 64 arbitrary 10-mer primers amplified polymorphic DNA in all taxonomic units. Analyses was performed within and between populations, species and subspecies. The primers gave a total of 250 RAPD products. The level of polymorphism varied between taxonomic units depending on the primers employed and the plant reproductive system. In general, the most variable were the allogamous species H. secalinum and H. bulbosum and the autogamous H. marinum subsp. marinum. Among the amplified bands, 69 (27%) were shared by at least two different taxonomic units. The remaining bands were specific. The results demonstrate differences in the degree of similarity between taxonomic units. Jaccard’s similarity coefficients for interval measure within and between populations were used to produce a cluster diagram using the unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA). The different populations of the species and subspecies of Hordeum fell into three groups. The first group contained the populations belonging to both subspecies of H. marinum, plus those of H. secalinum. The populations of H. marinum subsp. gussoneanum were very closely associated. Those of H. marinum subsp. marinum were grouped in a broad cluster. The second group, occupying the innermost position of the tree, was very closely associated with the populations of both subspecies of H. murinum. The third branch segregated H. bulbosum. A series of RAPD markers were investigated by cleaving the amplified products of the same size with restriction endonucleases that recognize targets of 4- or 6-bp. The production of equivalent fragments following cleavage by the same enzyme would seem to demonstrate their homology in samples from different individuals, populations or taxonomic units.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050715
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organization of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene cluster on chromosome 4 including the RPS2 gene, in the Brassica nigra genome (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 468-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Microsynteny ; Genome ; Gene cluster ; RFLP ; PFGE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Genetic and physical maps, consisting of a large number of DNA markers for Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes, represent excellent tools to determine the organization of related genomes such as those of Brassica. In this paper we report the chromosomal localization and physical analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of a well-defined gene complex of A. thaliana in the Brassica nigra genome (B genome n=8). This complex is approximately 30 kb in length in A. thaliana and contains a cluster of six genes including ABI1 (ABA-responsive), RPS2 (resistance against Pseudomonas syringae, a bacterial disease), CK1 (casein kinase I), NAP (nucleosome-assembly protein), X9 and X14 (both of unknown function). The Arabidopsis chromosomal complex was found to be duplicated and conserved in gene number at different levels in the Brassica genome. Linkage group B1 had the most-conserved arrangement carrying all six genes tightly linked. Group B4 had an almost complete complex except for the absence of RPS2. Other partial complexes of fewer members were found on three other chromosomes. Our studies demonstrate that by this approach it is possible to identify ancestrally related chromosome segments in a complex and duplicated genome, such as the genome of B. nigra, permitting one to draw conclusions as to its origin and evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050763
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    QTL mapping of resistance to Sporisorium reiliana in maize (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Maize ; Head smut ; Sporisorium reiliana ; QTL ; RFLP ; Ustilago maydis ; Puccinia sorghi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Sporisorium reiliana. A population of 220 F3 families produced from the cross of two European elite inbreds (D32, D145) was evaluated with two replications at a French location with high natural incidence of S. reiliana and at a Chinese location employing artificial inoculation. The 220 F3 families were genotyped with 87 RFLP and seven SSR markers. Using composite interval mapping, we identified two different sets of 3 and 8 QTL for the French and the Chinese locations explaining 13% and 44% of respectively. Individual QTL explained up to 14% of σ^2 p. The 11 QTL mapped to eight maize chromosomes and displayed mostly additive or partial dominant gene action. Significant digenic epistatic interactions were detected for one pair of these QTL. Only a few QTL for S. reiliana were in common with QTL for resistance to Ustilago maydis and Puccinia sorghi, identified at a German location for the same population. Consequently, in our materials resistance to these three fungal pathogens of maize seems to be inherited independently.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051273
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RFLP mapping of BaYMV resistance gene rym3 in barley (Hordeum vulgare) (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 727-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hordeum vulgare ; BaYMV ; Resistance gene ; RFLP ; Mapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The rym3 (formerly designated ym3) gene conferring resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) is effective against all strains of the virus but up to now has not been mapped to any chromosome. We performed a linkage analysis, using DNA extracted from individually harvested mature leaves of 153 F2 plants derived from a cross between BaYMV-resistant cv ’Ishuku Shirazu’ carrying rym3 and susceptible cv ’Ko A’. Additionally, the F3 lines derived from F2 plants were grown in the BaYMV-infested field and examined for their reaction to BaYMV. Our results indicated that rym3 is located on the short arm of chromosome 5H and flanked by RFLP markers MWG28and ABG705A at distances of 7.2 and 11.7 cM, respectively. The chromosomal configuration estimated by DNA markers around rym3 and the utilization of these molecular markers for pyramiding with the BaYMV resistance genes in barley breeding programs are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051290
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Somatic hybridization in mint: identification and characterization of Mentha piperita (+) M. spicata hybrid plants (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Essential oils ; Mint ; Mentha piperita ; M. spicata ; Somatic hybridization ; Plant regeneration ; RAPD ; Southern hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Twenty eight somatic hybrid plants were identified following protoplast fusions between peppermint (Mentha piperita L. cv Black Mitcham), producing high-quality oil, and spearmint (Mentha spicata L. cv Native Spearmint), likewise producing high-quality oil and also possessing resistance to verticillium wilt. Prior to fusion, peppermint protoplasts were subjected to iodoacetic acid to inhibit cell division. Protoplasts of peppermint and spearmint were fused using polyethylene glycol plus DMSO. Fusion products were cultured according to an efficient protoplast-to-plant-cycle protocol developed for peppermint. Using this protocol, iodoacetic acid-treated peppermint protoplasts were not able to divide, whereas untreated spearmint protoplasts had the ability to produce callus but not shoots. Therefore, selection of somatic hybrid calli was based on the presumed capability of hybrid cells to form calli and shoots. Shoots in vitro were initially identified as hybrids using RAPD profiles. Subsequently, observations on morphology, chromosome counts, and Southern-hybridization patterns confirmed their hybrid status. The results of verticillium tests revealed that 18 somatic hybrids were more susceptible than Native Spearmint, while hybrid II-14 had a level of susceptibility intermediate between that of the fusion parents. Oil-analysis of hybrid plants indicated that they all have a GC-profile typical of spearmint oil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050789
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method to measure genetic distance between allogamous populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using RAPD molecular markers (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 406-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Medicago sativa ; RAPD ; Cultivars ; Genetic distance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a forage legume of world-wide importance whose both allogamous and autotetraploid nature maximizes the genetic diversity within natural and cultivated populations. This genetic diversity makes difficult the discrimination between two related populations. We analyzed this genetic diversity by screening DNA from individual plants of eight cultivated and natural populations of M. sativa and M.  falcata using the RAPD method. A high level of genetic variation was found within and between populations. Using five primers, 64 intense bands were scored as present or absent across all populations. Most of the loci were revealed to be highly polymorphic whereas very few population-specific polymorphisms were identified. From these observations, we adopted a method based on the Roger’s genetic distance between populations using the observed frequency of bands to discriminate populations pairwise. Except for one case, the between-population distances were all significantly different from zero. We have also determined the minimal number of bands and individuals required to test for the significance of between-population distances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050756
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular phylogeny of mangroves V. Analysis of genome relationships in mangrove species using RAPD and RFLP markers (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 617-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Mangroves ; Genome relationship ; Phylogeny ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  DNA from pooled leaf samples of 11 true major mangrove, three true minor mangrove, two mangrove associate, two mangrove parasite, three terrestrial and one cultivated species were isolated for the present study. In total, 198 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 180 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci were scored by using ten primers and 14 enzyme-probe combinations respectively. The polymorphism observed for these markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity in mangroves at both inter-specific or inter-generic levels. A dendrogram, constructed after pooling both RAPD and RFLP data, using a similarity index was analysed for genome relationships among these species. The dendrogram showed clustering of all the major mangroves, except for Nypa fruticans (Arecaceae), into one group. All species under the tribe Rhizophorae formed a sub-cluster, to which Xylocarpus granatum was found to be the most closesly related species. The clustering pattern implied that Excoecaria agallocha and Acanthus ilicifolius should be considered as true minor mangroves. The present study also provided molecular data favouring the separation of Avicennia spp. from the Verbenaceae to create a monotypic family the Avicenniaceae. The separation of Viscum orientale into the Viscaceae was also favoured.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050937
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A genetic linkage map of durum wheat (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 721-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Durum wheat ; Mapping ; Linkage map ; RFLP ; Morphological markers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A genetic linkage map of tetraploid wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell.] was constructed using segregation data from a population of 65 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the durum wheat cultivar Messapia and accession MG4343 of T. turgidum (L.) Thell. ssp dicoccoides (Korn.) Thell. A total of 259 loci were analysed, including 244 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), one PCR (polymerase chain reaction) marker (a sequence coding for a LMW (low-molecular-weight) glutenin subunit gene located at the Glu-B3 locus), seven biochemical (six seed-storage protein loci and one isozyme locus) and seven morphological markers. A total of 213 loci were mapped at a LOD≥3 on all 14 chromosomes of the A and B genomes. The total length of the map is 1352 cM and the average distance between adjacent markers is 6.3 cM. Forty six loci could not be mapped at a LOD≥3. A fraction (18.6%) of the markers deviated significantly from the expected Mendelian ratios; clusters of loci showing distorted segregation were found on chromosomes 1B, 3AL, 4AL, 6AL and 7AL. The durum wheat map was compared with the published maps of bread wheat using several common RFLP markers and general features are discussed. The markers detected the known structural rearrangements involving chromosomes 4A, 5A and 7B as well as the translocation between 2B-6B, but not the deletion on 2BS. This map provides a useful tool for analysing and breeding economically important quantitative traits and for marker-assisted selection, as well as for studies of genome organisation in small grain cereal species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050948
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A sex-averaged genetic linkage map in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii[Mirb.] Franco var ‘menziesii’) based on RFLP and RAPD markers (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 762-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic map ; Null loci ; Gene family
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We have constructed a sex-averaged genetic linkage map in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var ‘menziesii’) using a three-generation outcrossed pedigree and molecular markers. Our research objectives are to learn about genome organization and to identify markers associated with adaptive traits. The map reported here is comprised of 141 markers organized into 17 linkage groups and covers 1,062 centiMorgans (cM). Of the markers positioned on the map, 94 were derived from a Douglas-fir complimentary-DNA (cDNA) library that was constructed from new-growth needle tissue. Other markers include 11 Douglas-fir genomic-DNAs, 20 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cDNAs, 15 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and a PCR-amplified phytochrome probe. A high degree of variation was detected in each of the two parents of our mapping population, and many of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RAPD phenotypes were complex. Marker data were analyzed for linkage using mapping software JOINMAP version 2.0.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050953
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A molecular genetic map of the long arm of chromosome 6R of rye incorporating the cereal cyst nematode resistance gene, CreR (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1000-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words CCN ; RFLP ; PCR ; Heterodera avenae ; Genetic mapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A genetic map of the long arm of chromosome 6R of rye was constructed using eight homoeologous group-6 RFLP clones and five PCR markers derived from the rye-specific dispersed repetitive DNA family, R173. The map was developed using a novel test-cross F1 (TC-F1) population segregating for resistance to the cereal cyst nematode. Comparisons were made between the map generated with other rye and wheat group-6 chromosome maps by the inclusion of RFLP clones previously mapped in those species. Co-linearity was observed for common loci. This comparison confirmed a dramatic reduction in recombination for chromosome 6R in the TC-F1 population. The CreR locus was included in the linkage map via progeny testing of informative TC-F1 individuals. CreR mapped 3.7 cM distal from the RFLP locus, XksuF37. Comparative mapping should allow the identification of additional RFLP markers more closely linked to the CreR locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050984
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linkage relationships among molecular markers and storage root traits of carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus) (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 58-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Genetic map ; RFLP ; AFLP ; RAPD ; SAMPL ; Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A 109-point linkage map consisting of three phenotypic loci (P 1, Y 2, and Rs), six restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), two random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), 96 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and two selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci (SAMPL) was constructed for carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus; 2n=2x=18). The incidence of polymorphism was 36% for RFLP probes, 20% for RAPD primers, and 42% for AFLP primers. The overall incidence of disturbed segregation was 18%. Linkage relationships at a LOD score of 4.0 and θ=0.25 indicated 11 linkage groups. The total map length was 534.4 cM and the map was clearly unsaturated with markers spaced at 4.9 cM. AFLP P6B15 was 1.7 cM from P 1, AFLP P1B34 was 2.2 cM from Y 2, and AFLP P3B30XA was 8.1 cM from Rs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051208
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic localization of four genes for nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 991-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Sugar beet ; Beta vulgaris ; Nematode resistance ; RFLP ; Genetic maps ; Bulk segregant analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.). Three resistance genes originating from the wild beets B. procumbens (Hs1 pro-1) and B. webbiana (Hs1 web-1, Hs2 web-7) have been transferred to sugar beet via species hybridization. We describe the genetic localization of the nematode resistance genes in four different sugar beet lines using segregating F2 populations and RFLP markers from our current sugar beet linkage map. The mapping studies yielded a surprising result. Although the four parental lines carrying the wild beet translocations were not related to each other, the four genes mapped to the same locus in sugar beet independent of the original translocation event. Close linkage (0–4.6 cM) was found with marker loci at one end of linkage group IV. In two populations, RFLP loci showed segregation distortion due to gametic selection. For the first time, the non-randomness of the translocation process promoting gene transfer from the wild beet to the sugar beet is demonstrated. The data suggest that the resistance genes were incorporated into the sugar beet chromosomes by non-allelic homologous recombination. The finding that the different resistance genes are allelic will have major implications on future attempts to breed sugar beet combining the different resistance genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224039
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A putative major gene for rust resistance linked with a RFLP marker in sugarcane cultivar ‘R570’ (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1059-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Major gene ; Polyploidy ; Puccinia melanocephala ; Sugarcane ; RFLP ; Rust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Inheritance of resistance to rust was investigated in the self progeny of the sugarcane cultivar ‘R570’ also used to build a RFLP genetic map. Resistance was evaluated through both field and controlled greenhouse trials. A clear-cut 3 (resistant) ∶ 1 (susceptible) segregation indicative of a probable dominant resistant gene was observed. This is the first documented report of a monogenic inheritance for disease resistance in sugarcane. This gene was found linked at 10 cM with an RFLP marker revealed by probe CDSR29. Other minor factors involved in the resistance were also detected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224049
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