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  • RFLP  (260)
  • Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Seismology
  • Springer  (265)
  • 1995-1999  (263)
  • 1950-1954  (2)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QTLs associated with chlorimuron ethyl sensitivity in soybean: Effects on seed yield and related traits (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 971-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Soybean ; Glycine max ; QTLs ; RFLP ; Chlorimuron ethyl ; Seed yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., genotypes are known to differ in chlorimuron ethyl sensitivity (CS). Earlier we have reported two putatively independent marker loci linked to two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling CS in a soybean population derived from a cross of PI97100 (sensitive to chlorimuron ethyl) and ‘Coker 237’ (tolerant to chlorimuron ethyl). The objective of the present study was to quantify the association of the two marker loci with seed yield and related traits in this soybean population following application of chlorimuron ethyl. Phenotypic data were collected for 111 F2-derived lines of the cross grown in replicated plots at Athens, G.A., in 1994 and 1995, and at Blackville, S.C., in 1995. The two CS marker loci explained as much as 50% of the genetic variation in seed yield and seed number m-2, but had no association with seed weight, plant height, lodging, seed protein, and seed oil. There were no epistatic interactions between the two marker loci for any of the traits. The marker locus (cr168-1 on USDA linkage group E) linked to the major CS QTL explained between 13 and 23% of the variation in seed yield. The Coker 237 allele at this locus was associated with decreased CS and increased seed yield. The marker locus (Blt015-2 on an unknown linkage group) linked to the minor CS QTL accounted for a maximum of 11% of the variation in seed yield. The Coker 237 allele at this locus was associated with an increase in CS and a decrease in seed yield. The association of the two marker loci with seed number m-2 strongly resembled their association with seed yield. Seed yield had a strong positive correlation (r=0.74 – 0.94) with seed number m-2, and the effect of chlorimuron ethyl on seed yield was due mainly to its effect on seed number m-2 rather than seed weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050503
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the extent of genetic variability among Theobroma cacao accessions using RAPD and RFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 10-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Theobroma cacao ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to evaluate genetic relationships within the Theobroma cacao species and to assess the organization of its genetic diversity. Genetic variability was estimated with 18 primers and 43 RFLP probes on 155 cocoa trees belonging to different morphological groups and coming from various geographic origins. The majority of the RFLP probes issued from low-copy DNA sequences. On the basis of on the genetic distance matrices, the two molecular methods gave related estimates of the genetic relationship between genotypes. Although an influence of cocoa morphological groups and geographical origins of trees was observed, a lack of gene differentiation characterized the T. cacao accessions studied. The continuous RFLP variability observed within the species may reflect the hybridization and introgressions between trees of different origins. Nevertheless, the Nacional type was detected to be genetically specific and different from well-known types such as Forastero, Criollo and Trinitario. Some of those genotypes were characterized by a low heterozygosity rate and may constitute the original Nacional pool. These results also provide information for the constitution of a cocoa tree core collection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050527
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of RFLP mapping inaccuracy in Brassica napus L. (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Brassica napus ; Linkage map ; Mapping inaccuracy ; RFLP ; Segregation distortion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We identified sources of mapping inaccuracy during the construction of RFLP linkage maps from one F2 population and two F1 microspore-derived populations from the same cross of oilseed Brassica napus. The genetic maps were compared using a total of 145 RFLP marker loci including 82 loci common to all three populations. In the process, we identified a series of mapping events that could lead to ambigous conclusions. Superimposed restriction fragments could be mistaken as a single dominant restriction fragment in a F2 population and, when analyzed as such, would yield inaccurate linkage information. Residual heterozygosity in parental lines resulted in complicated allelic assignment and yielded subsequent difficulties in linkage determination. Loose and spurious linkages occurred during mapping and were identified by comparing maps derived from different populations. LOD scores and χ2 test of independence were compared for their capacity to detect loose linkages or generate spurious ones. Extreme segregation distortions towards the same parental allele also contributed to an additional source of spurious linkage. Small but significant segregation distortions resulted in reduced estimates of the recombination fraction. The use of the same ‘probe× enzyme’ combinations in doubled haploid populations allowed the identification of the correct allele assignment as well as loose and spurious linkages. A translocation between two homoeologous linkage groups was observed. The consequences of such a chromosomal event as a source of error in mapping applications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050535
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  • 104
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    Chromosomal assignment of the nine linkage groups of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) using primary trisomics (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 590-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Beta vulgaris ; Chromosomal assignment ; RFLP ; Primary trisomics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Twenty-four marker loci representing each of the nine linkage groups of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) have been assigned to the nine primary trisomics of Butterfass (1964). Single-copy RFLP probes were hybridized with filter-bound DNA of the trisomics. The autoradiographs were scanned and analyzed by densitometric methods. Statistics on the integrated optical densities of the RFLP bands revealed a clear relationship of each linkage group to a distinct trisomic type. For the first time each of the linkage groups could unequivocally be assigned to one sugar beet chromosome. A standard nomenclature of the 9 chromosomes of sugar beet is suggested and discussed with respect to previous numbering systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050600
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  • 105
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    The genetics of resistance to five races of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 584-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Linkage ; Major gene ; Race-specific resistance ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  These studies were undertaken to determine whether downy mildew resistance genes in sunflower were independent as first reported, or linked as suggested by more recent hypotheses. The segregations for downy mildew reaction of 111 F3 progenies from a cross between a susceptible line and a line with Pl2 were used to locate this gene on the sunflower consensus RFLP linkage map. It was shown that Pl2 was linked to the same RFLP markers on linkage group 1 as Pl1 and Pl6, mapped earlier, and at a very similar distance. The F3 progenies showed exactly the same segregation patterns when tested with race 1 and race D. One hundred and fifty four progenies from a cross between a susceptible line and HA335, containing Pl6 (considered as giving resistance to all Plasmopara halstedii races), were tested with the five French downy mildew races, 1, A, B, C and D. Two progenies were observed to show segregation for races 1 and D, while appearing homozygous-resistant to races A , B and C. Tests on F4 progenies confirmed this separation of resistances with fixation of susceptibility to races 1 and D and resistance to races A, B and C. It is concluded that the Pl6 gene is not a “strong” gene, giving resistance to all downy mildew races, but rather a cluster of genes, each providing resistance to one, or a few, downy mildew races. The genes giving resistance to races 1 and D, on one hand, and to races A, B and C, on the other hand, must be very closely linked, with about 0.6 cM between the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050599
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  • 106
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    Chloroplast-DNA variation in the genus Lotus (Fabaceae) and further evidence regarding the maternal parentage of Lotus corniculatus L. (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Lotus corniculatus ; Fabaceae ; cpDNA variation ; Maternal inheritance ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  To resolve the maternal parentage of the tetraploid Lotus corniculatus, restriction-site variation of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was studied in several accessions of that species, in the four putative parental diploid species, L. tenuis, L. alpinus, L. japonicus and L. uliginosus, and in four phylogenetically more distant diploid species, L. hispidus, L. edulis, L. ornithopodoides and Tetragonolobus maritimus var. siliquosus. Evidence of cpDNA maternal inheritance was obtained by using reciprocal controlled crosses between plants of L. corniculatus and natural tetraploid individuals of L. alpinus showing very distinct restriction patterns. Interspecific cpDNA variation in the eight Lotus species and T. siliquosus was analysed by comparing cpDNA fragment patterns produced by five restriction endonucleases and totalling 304 distinct fragments. Genetic differentiation in cpDNA was very high between the L. corniculatus group and L. hispidus on the one hand, and the three other species on the other hand. Sixteen restriction-site mutations and eight length polymorphisms were identified among the five species of the L. corniculatus group and L. hispidus, Lotus uliginosus, L. alpinus and L. japonicus showed at least six DNA changes with regard to the molecule of L. corniculatus. Accordingly, these species should be excluded as maternal progenitors of L. corniculatus. Conversely, the cpDNA of L. tenuis differed from that of L. corniculatus by only two small-length mutations. As also suggested previously from an analysis of several nuclear markers, the results reported here show decisively that L. tenuis may be considered as the most probable maternal ancestor of L. corniculatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050605
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  • 107
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    Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation among barley accessions detected by RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs and RAPDs (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 714-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Genetic relationships ; Molecular analysis ; RFLP ; AFLP ; RAPD ; SSR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  RFLPs, AFLPs, RAPDs and SSRs were used to determine the genetic relationships among 18 cultivated barley accessions and the results compared to pedigree relationships where these were available. All of the approaches were able to uniquely fingerprint each of the accessions. The four assays differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. For example, all 13 SSR primers were polymorphic, with an average of 5.7 alleles per primer set, while nearly 54% of the fragments generated using AFLPs were monomorphic. The highest diversity index was observed for AFLPs (0.937) and the lowest for RFLP (0.322). Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) clearly separated the spring types from the winter types using RFLP and AFLP data with the two-row winter types forming an intermediate group. Only a small group of spring types clustered together using SSR data with the two-row and six-row winter varieties more widely dispersed. Direct comparisons between genetic similarity (GS) estimates revealed by each of the assays were measured by a number of approaches. Spearman rank correlation ranked over 70% of the pairwise comparisons between AFLPs and RFLPs in the same order. SSRs had the lowest values when compared to the other three assays. These results are discussed in terms of the choice of appropriate technology for different aspects of germplasm evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050617
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  • 108
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    Molecular genetic mapping of dwarfing genes in oat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 783-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Avena sativa ; Dwarfing genes ; RFLP ; RFLP mapping ; Bulked Segregant Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis provides a valuable tool for characterizing and understanding relationships among genes for useful traits in crop species, particularly in ones with complex genomes such as the hexaploid cultivated oat Avena sativa L. (2n=6x=42). Using Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and F2 RFLP linkage data, we mapped three dominant oat dwarfing loci to different regions of the oat genome. Dw6, in oat line OT207, is 3.3±1.3 cM from the Xumn145B locus, which has not been placed on the hexaploid oat linkage map. Dw7, in line NC2469-3, is 4.3±2.3 cM from Xcdo1437B and 33±4.1 cM from Xcdo708B. This places Dw7 to linkage group 22. Dw8, in the Japanese lines AV17/3/10 and AV18/2/4, mapped 4.9±2.2 cM from Xcdo1319A in an AV17/3/10בKanota’ F2 population and 6.6±2.6 cM from it in an AV18/2/4בKanota’ population. This places Dw8 to linkage group 3. Aneuploid analysis of markers linked to the dwarfing genes located Dw6 on the smallest oat chromosome (chromosome 18) and Dw7 on the longest satellited chromosome (chromosome 19). The RFLP markers closely linked to the three dwarfing genes identify distinct regions of the oat genome that contribute to plant height and they should be useful in characterizing new genetic sources of dwarfness in oat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050626
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  • 109
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    Comparison of the genetic maps of Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 569-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Brassica napus ; Brassica oleracea ; Genetic maps ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The genus Brassica consists of several hundreds of diploid and amphidiploid species. Most of the diploid species have eight, nine or ten pairs of chromosomes, known respectively as the B, C, and A genomes. Genetic maps were constructed for both B. napus and B. oleracea using mostly RFLP and RAPD markers. For the B. napus linkage map, 274 RFLPs, 66 RAPDs, and two STS loci were arranged in 19 major linkage groups and ten smaller unassigned segments, covering a genetic distance of 2125 cM. A genetic map of B. oleracea was constructed using the same set of RFLP probes and RAPD primers. The B. oleracea map consisted of 270 RFLPs, 31 RAPDs, one STS, three SCARs, one phenotypic and four isozyme marker loci, arranged into nine major linkage groups and four smaller unassigned segments, covering a genetic distance of 1606 cM. Comparison of the B. napus and B. oleracea linkage maps showed that eight out of nine B. oleracea linkage groups were conserved in the B. napus map. There were also regions in the B. oleracea map showing homoeologies with more than one linkage group in the B. napus map. These results provided molecular evidence for B. oleracea, or a closely related 2n=18 Brassica species, as the C-genome progenitor, and also reflected on the homoeology between the A and C genomes in B. napus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050453
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  • 110
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    RFLP-based estimates of parental contribution to F2- and BC1-derived maize inbreds (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Bootstrap ; Genetic drift ; Parental contribution ; RFLP ; Selection ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Selection and genetic drift during inbreeding may cause differences between the actual and expected proportions of the genome derived by an inbred from each of its parents. We used 70 RFLP loci to determine the frequency and magnitude of deviations from the expected parental contribution among F2- and BC1-derived maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds. Assuming inbreds i and j were the parents of inbred k, the parental contribution of i to k was estimated as p=(Sik−Sij)/ (1−Sij), where Sik and Sij were the average proportions, across the ten linkage groups in maize, of RFLP loci with alleles common to the inbreds in subscript. Bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained for p by re-sampling RFLP similarity for each linkage group. Among 62 F2-derived inbreds, 13 had estimates of p that deviated significantly from the expected value of 0.5. One F2-derived inbred obtained p=0.801 of its genome from a parent. Among 34 BC1-derived inbreds, eight had estimates of p that deviated significantly from the expected contribution of 0.75 from the recurrent parent. Two inbreds, both from the same BC1 population, had an estimated p?0.94. The results suggested that selection during backcrossing generally favored the recurrent parent over the donor parent. Among the inbreds with significant deviations from the expected p, the width of 95% CIs with 70 RFLP loci was 〉0.20. Inbreds selfed from the same F2 or BC1 population varied in p, indicating that coefficients of co-ancestry calculated from pedigree records may give erroneous estimates of genetic relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050462
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  • 111
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    Genome organization of Magnaporthe grisea: integration of genetic maps, clustering of transposable elements and identification of genome duplications and rearrangements (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 20-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Rice blast ; Linkage map ; Pyricularia grisea ; RFLP ; MAGGY ; Molecular map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A high-density genetic map of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Guy11×2539) was constructed by adding 87 cosmid-derived RFLP markers to previously generated maps. The new map consists of 203 markers representing 132 independently segregating loci and spans approximately 900 cM with an average resolution of 4.5 cM. Mapping of 33 cosmid probes from the genetic map generated by Sweigard et al. has allowed the integration of two M. grisea maps. The integrated map showed that the linear order of markers along all seven chromosomes in both maps is in good agreement. Thirty of eighty seven markers were derived from cosmid clones that contained the retrotransposon MAGGY (M. grisea gypsy element). Mapping of single-copy DNA sequences associated with the MAGGY cosmids indicated that MAGGY elements are scattered throughout the fungal genome. In eight cases, the probes associated with MAGGY elements showed abnormal segregation patterns. This suggests that MAGGY may be involved in genomic rearrangements. Two RFLP probes linked to MAGGY elements, and another flanking other repetitive DNA elements, identified sequences that were duplicated in the Guy11 genome. Most of the MAGGY cosmids also contained other classes of repetitive DNA suggesting that repetitive DNA sequences tend to cluster in the M. grisea genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050528
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  • 112
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    Mapping and marker-assisted selection for a gene for extreme resistance to potato virus Y (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 192-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Potato virus Y ; Resistance gene ; Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena ; Potato ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chromosomal location of the major gene Ry adg controlling extreme resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) in Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena was identified by RFLP analysis of a diploid potato population. A total of 64 tomato and potato RFLP markers were screened with the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) on segregants extremely resistant, hypersensitive or susceptible to PVY. Four markers TG508, GP125, CD17 and CT168 at the proximal end of chromosome XI showed close linkage with extremely resistant phenotypes. TG508 was identified as the closest marker linked with the Ry adg locus with the maximum map distance estimated as 2.0 cM. The 4 markers linked with the Ry adg locus were tested on independent tetraploid and diploid potato clones and were subsequently found useful for marker-assisted selection for plants containing Ry adg .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050399
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  • 113
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    Genetic variability of the wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu revealed by RFLP and RAPD markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 424-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Triticum urartu ; Wheat ; A genome ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic variability among 49 accessions of Triticum urartu was estimated by RFLP and RAPD marker analyses, and the two data sets were compared. One T. timopheevii accession and two accessions of T. durum and T. aestivum, respectively, were included to identify T. urartu accessions closely related to these polyploid wheats. Twenty eight RFLP clones and 29 RAPD primers generated 451 and 155 polymorphic bands, respectively. The three accessions from Armenia clustered together and were well separated from all other accessions, which showed less pronounced geographical patterns. Genetic similarity and co-phenetic values calculated with RAPD markers were very similar to those calculated with RFLP markers for the intraspecific comparisons, but not for the interspecific comparisons. The identification of individual T. urartu accessions which are more related to polyploid wheats than others was not possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050432
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  • 114
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    Genetic mapping of QTL controlling tissue-culture response on chromosome 2B of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to major genes and RFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1047-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Tissue-culture response ; Wheat ; Genetic mapping ; RFLP ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tissue- culture response (Tcr) were mapped on chromosome 2B of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using single-chromosome recombinant lines. Tcr-B1 and Tcr-B2, affecting both green spots initiation and shoot regeneration, were mapped in relation to RFLP markers in the centromere region and on the short arm of chromosome 2B, linked to the photoperiod-response gene Ppd2. A third QTL (Tcr-B3), influencing regeneration only, was closely related to the disease resistance locus Yr7/Sr9g on the long arm of chromosome 2B. The homoeologous relationships to the tissue-culture response loci Qsr, Qcg and Shd of barley are discussed. A possible influence of the earliness per se genes of wheat and barley is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050513
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  • 115
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    RFLP mapping of the Ha 2 cereal cyst nematode resistance gene in barley (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1060-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsCCN ; RFLP ; Hordeum vulgare ; Heterodera avenae ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae Woll., is an economically damaging pest of barley in many of the world’s cereal-growing areas. The development of CCN-resistant cultivars may be accelerated through the use of molecular markers. A number of resistance genes against the pest are well known; one of them, the single dominant Ha 2 resistance gene, has been shown to be effective against the Australian pathotype and maps to chromosome 2 of barley. Segregation analysis identified two restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers flanking the resistance gene in two doubled-haploid populations of barley. AWBMA 21 and MWG 694 mapped 4.1 and 6.1 cM respectively from the Ha 2 locus in the Chebec×Harrington cross and 4.0 and 9.2 cM respectively in the Clipper×Sahara cross. Analysis of a further seven sources of CCN resistance in the form of near-isogenic lines (NILs) indicates that all available sources of resistance to the Australian pathotype of CCN in barley represent the Ha 2 locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050515
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  • 116
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    Asymmetric fusion between wild and cultivated species of potato (Solanum spp.) –detection of asymmetric hybrids and genome elimination (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1104-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Asymmetric somatic hybrids ; Flowcytometry ; RFLP ; Solanum tuberosum ; Wild species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of different techniques for a simple and rapid identification of asymmetric hybrids, without the use of selection markers and independent of the fusion partners used. Additionally, the degree of donor DNA elimination was determined. Among 473 viable plants obtained from asymmetric fusion experiments between three di-haploid breeding lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and diploid wild species (S. bulbocastanum, S. circaeifolium; X-ray treatment of the wild species) the most promising ones were investigated with three different methods: flow cytometry, RFLP analysis with an oligonucleotide probe (GATA)4, and with single-copy probes. Flow cytometry, which combines a high screening capacity with detailed information about the DNA content and allows a distinction between asymmetric hybrids and chimeras, detected 31 hypo-tetraploid and 42 hypo-hexaploid regenerates among 224 plants. With the oligonucleotide probe (GATA)4 only a few asymmetric hybrids were detected among all regenerates. More than 50% of these asymmetric regenerates were chimeras. Concerning the degree of DNA elimination, the results obtained by RFLP analysis with 17 single-copy probes were correlated with the results obtained by flow cytometry. The maximum DNA elimination of the donor genome was 52%. As a trend, an irradiation dosage of 210 Gy caused a higher DNA elimination in the wild species than a dosage of 70 Gy. No calli were obtained after irradiation of the wild species with 420 Gy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050523
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  • 117
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    High-resolution genetical and physical mapping of the Rx gene for extreme resistance to potato virus X in tetraploid potato (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words PVX ; Resistance gene ; Mapping ; RFLP ; AFLP ; CAPS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The Rx locus in potato confers extreme resistance to PVX. In the F1 progeny of crosses between the PVX-susceptible cultivar Huinkel and the cultivar Cara (Rx genotype) there was a 1 : 1 segregation of PVX resistance, indicating that Rx in Cara is present in the simplex condition. Using potato and tomato RFLP markers, we mapped Rx in Cara to the distal end of chromosome XII at a different position to the previously mapped Rx1 locus. To generate a high-resolution linkage map in the vicinity of Rx a total 728 AFLP primer combinations were screened using DNA of bulked resistant and susceptible segregants. We also screened segregating populations for chromosomal recombination events linked to the Rx locus and identified 82 plants with recombination events close to Rx. Using these recombinant plants we have identified AFLPs that flank Rx and span an interval of 0.23 cM in a region of the genome where 1 cM corresponds to approximately 400 kb.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050543
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    Genetic analysis of aMicroseris douglasii (Asteraceae) population polymorphic for an alien chloroplast type (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 206 (1997), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asteraceae ; Microseris ; Chloroplast introgression ; reticulate evolution ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent evidence suggests chloroplast introgression fromMicroseris bigelovii intoM. douglasii. We have examined 23 plants from a population ofM. douglasii polymorphic forM. douglasii andM. bigelovii chloroplast types. All 23 plants were completely homozygous for morphological and RAPD markers, and inbred lines derived by selfing have been used for DNA analysis. Chloroplast RFLP analysis identified 16 plants withM. bigelovii chloroplasts and seven withM. douglasii chloroplasts. The nuclear genomes of the 16 plants withM. bigelovii chloroplasts were examined with 22 primers for RAPD amplification products shared exclusively withM. bigelovii. Five of 268 markers appeared to be shared betweenM. bigelovii and one or more of these 16 plants on the basis of their position in gels. Detailed examination of these five amplification products showed that none of them are nuclear DNA fromM. bigelovii. Very little, if any, nuclear DNA fromM. bigelovii can be present inM. douglasii plants with chloroplasts typical ofM. bigelovii. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the RAPD technique for screening large numbers of markers to select a few potentially informative ones for rigorous examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987952
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    Distribution of photo-induced and non-photo-induced sporulator physiotypes ofBipolaris oryzae in Japan (1997)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Bipolaris oryzae ; mycochrome ; photo-control of conidiation ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of three sporulator physiotypes ofBipolaris oryzae, namely, photo-induced, and non-photo-induced (I) and (II), was investigated. Of 407 isolates, 99% belonged to the photo-induced type, in which conidial development was under photo-control of the antagonistic action of blue/UV-A and near-UV radiation mediated through the ‘mycochrome’ system at conidiophore induction and conidiophore maturation stages. Of the remainder, 1 isolate belonged to the non-photo-induced (I) type, and 4 isolates belonged to the non-photo-induced (II) type. Conidial development in the former of these was photo-controlled by the ‘mycochrome’ system at conidiophore maturation stage alone, while in the latter it was not affected by light conditions. No difference was found between the three physiotypes in restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of rDNA. However, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed polymorphisms between photo-induced and non-photo-induced isolates and showed that non-photo-induced (I) and (II) strains were clustered in the same group, suggesting that they are genetically close. Photo-induced sporulators ofB. oryzae were confirmed to be widely distributed in paddy fields in Japan.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460850
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    Marker-assisted transfer of acylsugar-mediated pest resistance from the wild tomato, Lycopersicon pennellii, to the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 307-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: insect resistance ; marker-assisted selection ; PCR ; quantitative trait loci ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Acylsugars exuded from type IV trichomes mediate the multiple pest resistance found in the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon pennellii. A marker-assisted selection breeding program was used to attempt the transfer of the ability to accumulate acylsugars to cultivated tomato. RFLP and PCR-based markers were used through three backcross generations to select plants containing 5 target regions associated by QTL analysis with acylsugar accumulation. The BC1F1 plant selected possessed all 5 target regions and accumulated acylsugars at a moderate level similar to that of the interspecific F1 control. The BC2F1 and BC3F1 selections contained complementary subsets of the 5 target regions and did not accumulate acylsugars. BC3F1 plants with complementary subsets of the 5 target regions were intermated to produce populations segregating for the 5 target regions. From 1000 BC3F1-intermated plants, three plants were found which accumulated acylsugars at low levels and contained 3 to 5 of the target regions. The recovery of acylsugar accumulation in progeny of the intermated BC3F1 plants supports the involvement of at least some of the 5 target regions in acylsugar biosynthesis. However, since the levels of acylsugars accumulated by these plants were lower than that of the interspecific F1, it is likely that another, as of yet unidentified, region is necessary for accumulation of higher levels of acylsugars.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009677412902
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    Genetic dissection of herbicide tolerance in maize by molecular markers (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 481-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: Alachlor ; herbicide tolerance ; maize ; RFLP ; SSR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to detect the genetic architecture of maize tolerance to Alachlor, a widely used chloroacetanilide, linkage analysis between the expression of the trait and allelic composition of molecular markers was performed. The experiment was carried out on a population of 142 recombinant inbred lines, developed starting from the F1 between two lines with different reactivity to the herbicide, and self-fertilized for 10 generations; the lines were typed by 48 RFLP markers and 66 microsatellites (SSR). Besides seedling tolerance, evaluated as proportion of normal (non-injured) plants after herbicide treatment, other minor components of tolerance were studied: seed germination ability, pollen germination and tube growth in the presence of the herbicide. The analysis, performed by three statistical methods, revealed the presence of factors controlling seedling tolerance on seven chromosomal regions. Five QTLs appeared to be involved in seed germination ability in the presence of Alachlor, four QTLs in pollen tolerance in terms of germination and four in tube growth under stress were detected. Three loci, on chromosomes 1, 7 and 10, explained most of the variation of seedling tolerance, thus being interesting candidate for marker-assisted selection.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009631301428
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    Molecular records of micro-evolution within the Algerian population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis during its spread to new oases (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: bayoud disease ; date palm ; population genetics ; RAPD ; RFLP ; VCG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The genetic diversity of the date palm wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in Algeria was assessed using vegetative compatibility, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Ninety-eight isolates were collected from the main infested regions, Touat, Gourara and Mzab, and 6 isolates from Morocco were added for comparison. All isolates were vegetatively compatible and belonged to VCG 0170. No variation was detected in the mtDNA of a subset of 73 isolates and the RAPD analysis indicated that they were genetically very closely related. However, some geographic substructuring was apparent, suggesting that local diversification of the pathogen might have occurred. These results provide evidence that the Algerian isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis belong to a same clonal lineage and support the hypothesis that they were probably founded by a single virulent clone that originated from the Moroccan oases where the date palm wilt (Bayoud disease) was first detected. Based on similarity of RAPD patterns occurring in different oases, and on historical records of the Bayoud disease in Algeria, spread of the pathogen in the different regions is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008644515046
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    Chromosomal regions associated with segregation distortion of molecular markers in F2 , backcross, doubled haploid, and recombinant inbred populations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 253 (1997), S. 535-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Molecular markers ; RFLP ; Segregation distortion ; Sterility genes ; Rice (Oryza sativa)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosomal regions associated with marker segregation distortion in rice were compared based on six molecular linkage maps. Mapping populations were derived from one interspecific backcross and five intersubspecific (indica / japonica) crosses, including two F2 populations, two doubled haploid (DH) populations, and one recombinant inbred (RI) population. Mapping data for each population consisted of 129–629 markers. Segregation distortion was determined based on chi-square analysis (P 〈 0.01) and was observed at 6.8–31.8% of the mapped marker loci. Marker loci associated with skewed allele frequencies were distributed on all 12 chromosomes. Distortion in eight chromosomal regions bracketed previously identified gametophyte (ga) or sterility genes (S). Distortion in three other chromosomal regions was found only in DH populations, where japonica alleles were over-represented, suggesting that loci in these regions may be associated with preferential regeneration of japonica genotypes during anther culture. Three additional clusters of skewed markers were observed in more than one population in regions where no gametophytic or sterility loci have previously been reported. A total of 17 segregation distortion loci may be postulated based on this study and their locations in the rice genome were estimated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050355
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    RFLP analysis of cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] developed by interspecific crosses (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cajanus sericeus ; CMS ; mtDNA ; RFLP ; pigeonpea ; Cajanus cajan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Total DNA from three putative cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) progenies derived from crosses between the wild species Cajanus sericeus and the cultivated species Cajanus cajan, five C. cajan, one accession of C. sericeus and two genetic male sterile lines of pigeonpea were compared for their RFLP patterns using maize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) specific probes. Three putative cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) progenies from the multiple cross genome transfer of pigeonpea lines (CMS 7–1, CMS 12–3, and CMS 33–1) showed hybridization patterns identical to that of C. sericeus when DNA was digested with EcoRI and HindIII and probed with maize mtDNA clones. The results suggested that these putative CMS progenies have the mitochondria of the female wild species parent. The hybridization patterns of the three male parental lines used in the development of the CMS progenies were similar in all the restriction enzyme-probe combinations except HindIII-atp6. The genetic male sterile lines, MS Prabhat and QMS 1 differed from each other in their hybridization pattern. The genomic DNA hybridization pattern of HindIII digested DNA from ICPL 87 differed from the other pigeonpea lines when probed with the maize mtDNA clones. The cluster analysis of the hybridization data suggested the occurrence of variation in the mitochondrial genome even among the cultivated species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002958623171
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    DNA fingerprinting: application to conservation of the CITES-listed dragon fish, Scleropages formosus (Osteoglossidae) (1997)
    Springer
    Aquarium sciences and conservation 1 (1997), S. 91-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Keywords: Endangered fish ; DNA fingerprinting ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Microsatellites ; Captive-bred
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Since 1975,CITES has listed the dragon fish, Scleropages formosus, as anendangered species. In 1995, a captive-bred population was set upby a commercial fish farm with assistance from the PrimaryProduction Department in Singapore. Other farms in Indonesia andMalaysia followed suit. These populations have contributed to animmediate conservation of the species. Due to very high demandfor this ornamental fish, these venues may be its last sanctuary. DNA fingerprints of the dragon fish were obtained by different methods from the green, red and gold varieties grown in a Singapore fish farm to determine which method was most suitable in providing information on genetic variability. Because a DNA fingerprint is a pattern made up of DNA fragments that are resolved by electrophoresis, each individual has its own unique ‘fingerprint’ due to a genetic make-up different from another individual. Thus, genetic variability was best studied by developing DNA fingerprints. Firstly, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were obtained. DNA fragments formed by cleavage with nine restriction endonucleases used singly were hybridized individually to four non-radioactively labelled probes to give RFLPs. The RFLPs for each variety were similar and genomic DNA from each variety had many binding sites to the probes. This made differentiating RFLPs specific to individual varieties difficult. Secondly, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were developed. DNA fragments that were resolved on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel were hybridized to seven arbitrary primers used singly. RAPD fingerprints for each variety were different for each primer tested. The similarity index indicated low genetic variability between varieties. Lastly, DNA was screened for microsatellite loci which refer to short tandem repeats of two or three bases. The occurrence of other microsatellite loci, their chromosome location and frequency is being investigated while primers have been designed to detect more loci by the polymerase chain reaction. As this method provides undisputed and reproducible evidence of relatedness and stock identification, and can be applied for long-term management of domesticated populations through pedigree construction and evaluation of heterozygosity, it is the preferred choice to determine genetic variability
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018387601905
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    Characterisation of Erianthus sect. Ripidium and Saccharum germplasm (Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) using RFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: diversity ; Erianthus ; genetic distances ; RFLP ; Saccharum ; sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A collection of 65 Erianthus Michx. sect. Ripidium Henrard accessions (representing seven accepted species) and 14 Saccharum L. representatives (S. officinarum L. and S. spontaneum L.) were studied by RFLP analysis using 14 dispersed nuclear single-copy probes from maize. An intergeneric distance (1–F) of 0.748 was revealed between Erianthus and Saccharum. Within the Erianthus collection, the greatest distances were found between E. elephantinus Hook f. or E. ravennae (L.) P. Beauv. (the two 2n=20 species), and the rest of the Erianthus collection. The smallest distances were found amongst the E. arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet clones collected in Indonesia ((1–F)=0.005). In addition, a partition based on the geographical origin and consistent with the chromosome numbers, ie E. arundinaceus from Indonesia versus E. arundinaceus and E. procerus from India, was revealed. E. bengalense was intermediate. The study of the Saccharum individuals confirmed the greater variability of S. spontaneum compared to the so called noble cane, S. officinarum. The 2n=80 S. spontaneum genotypes were shown to be closely related to S. officinarum. The implication of these results on the involvement of S. spontaneum and Erianthus sect. Ripidium in the origin of S. officinarum is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002940701171
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    Characterization of the A4 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of sorghum using RFLP of mtDNA (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Sorghum bicolor ; RFLP ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; sorghum ; mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile lines CSV4 A(V), CSV4 A(G1) and CSV4 A(M), grouped as A4, were compared with a milo (A1) and two other non-milo (A2 and A3) cytoplasms for their RFLP patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A 9.7 kb clone from pearl millet mtDNA discriminated each of the three A4 entries whereas other maize and pearl millet mtDNA clones used could not distinguish this group completely. The molecular differences within the A4 cytoplasmic group offer some explanation for the inconsistency in the fertility restoration behaviour of these A4 lines obtained with a definite set of testers in the field.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002906606333
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    RFLP analysis of Hypericum perforatum L. somaclones and their progenies (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: apomixis ; Hypericum perforatum ; rDNA ; heterogeneity ; RFLP ; progeny ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three adjacent EcoRI fragments of the rDNA unit from Lycopersicon esculentum, eleven anonymous genomic and two anonymous cDNA clones from Brassica napus and three restriction endonucleases: BamHI, EcoRI and EcoRV were used for RFLP analysis of the genome of Hypericum perforatum L. A polymorphic band identified with EcoRI and two rDNA probes in five somaclones originated from the same genotype was detected in all progenies of two somaclones indicating the inheritance of the molecular changes. rDNA unit heterogeneity represented by two types of RFLP pattern revealed among somaclones and seed-derived control plants using EcoRV and two rDNA probes may indicate an alloploid origin of Hypericum perforatum. The occurrence of the identical RFLP patterns in some R0 somaclones and seed-derived plants and their progenies may be related to the apomictic mode of reproduction which is assumed to be prevalent in Hypericum perforatum. The differences in RFLP patterns of progenies when compared with the maternal plants (1 out of 10 progenies of one control plant and 1 out of 8 progenies of one somaclone) may indicate that some progenies have originated through sexual recombination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002946618273
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    Mapping and genetic analysis of two fertility restorer loci in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: fertility restoration ; hybrid rice ; linkage analysis ; Oryza sativa ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hybrid varieties developed by making use of the wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility system account for 90% of hybrid rice produced. Previous inheritance studies have established that the fertility restoration in this system is controlled by two major loci, but the chromosomal locations of the fertility restorer (Rf) loci have yet to be resolved. In this study we determined the genomic locations of the two Rf loci by their linkage to molecular markers. The Rf gene containing regions were identified by surveying two bulks, made of 30 highly fertile and 46 highly sterile plants from a large F2 population of the cross between Zhenshan 97A and Minghui 63, with RFLP markers covering the entire rice genome. The survey identified two likely Rf gene containing regions, located on chromosomes 1 and 10 respectively. This was confirmed by ANOVA using a large random sample from the same F2 population and also with a genome-wide QTL analysis of a test-cross population. The results also showed that both loci have major effects of almost complete dominance on fertility restoration and the effect of the locus on chromosome 10 is larger than the one on chromosome 1. The two loci acted as a pair of classical duplicate genes; a single dominant allele at one of the two loci would suffice to restore the fertility to normal or nearly normal. Closely linked markers identified in this study may be used for marker assisted selection in hybrid rice breeding programs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003165116059
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    Alien introgression in rice (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 35 (1997), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alien introgression ; Oryza ; recombination ; rice ; RFLP ; wild species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity is affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses. The genetic variability for some of these stresses is limited in the cultivated rice germplasm. Moreover, changes in insect biotypes and disease races are a continuing threat to increased rice production. There is thus an urgent need to broaden the rice gene pool by introgressing genes for such traits from diverse sources. The wild species of Oryza representing AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG and HHJJ genomes are an important reservoir of useful genes. However, low crossability and limited recombination between chromosomes of cultivated and wild species limit the transfer of such genes. At IRRI, a series of hybrids and monosomic alien addition lines have been produced through embryo rescue following hybridization between rice and several distantly related species. Cytoplasmic male sterility and genes for resistance to grassy stunt virus and bacterial blight have been transferred from A genome wild species into rice. Similarly, genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bacterial blight and blast have also been introgressed across crossability barriers from distanly related species into rice. Some of the introgressed genes have been mapped via linkage to molecular markers. One of the genes Xa-21 introgressed from O. longistaminata has been cloned and physically mapped on chromosome 11 of rice using BAC library and flourescence in-situ hybridization. RFLP analysis revealed introgression from 11 of the 12 chromosomes of C genome species into rice. Introgression has also been obtained from other distant genomes (EE, FF, GG) into rice and in majority of the cases one or two RFLP markers were introgressed. Reciprocal replacement of RFLP alleles of wild species with the alleles of O. sativa indicates alien gene transfer through crossing over. The rapid recovery of recurrent phenotypes in BC2 and BC3 generations from wide crosses is an indication of limited recombination. Further cytogenetic and molecular investigations are required to determine precisely the mechanism of introgression of small chromosome segments from distant genomes in the face of limited homoeologous chromosome pairing. Future research should focus on enhancing recombination between homoeologous chromosomes. Introgression of QTL from wild species should be attempted to increase the yield potential of rice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005825519998
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    DNA Polymorphism among Rice Somaclones (1997)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 40 (1997), S. 543-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Keywords: 2,4-D ; Oryza sativa ; RFLP ; RAPD ; PCR based RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular markers were used to detect the influence of high concentrations of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the callusing media on DNA variations in regenerated rice plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based RFLP analysis were carried out on 12 somaclones of Oryza sativa L. cv. B-370. In vitro culture induced DNA variations were detected in the regenerated plants but the effect of high auxin concentration in the medium could not be revealed. In a second study, fingerprinting of 15 semi-dwarf, high yielding somaclones of B-370 was carried out using RAPD technique. Amplification using 20 random primers produced a total of 167 DNA bands out of which 97 bands were polymorphic. A total of 32 unique DNA bands were detected across all the somaclones and they could be grouped based on their similarity to B-370. RAPD analysis helped to reveal similarity or differences among the somaclones while fingerprinting using additional RAPD markers was not successful.
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    Non-Mendelian and skewed segregation of DNA markers in wide crosses of the bean rust fungus,Uromyces appendiculatus (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Genetic linkage mapping ; Segregation distortion ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The inheritance of DNA markers was investigated in 27 F2 progeny from a single F1 hybrid derived from a wide cross inUromyces appendiculatus. This cross was unusual because asexual spores were used to fertilize sexual fruiting structures. Sixty percent of the DNA markers failed to segregate according to simple Mendelian ratios. Segregation bias was evident, in that F2 progeny inherited on average 91 % of maternal bands and 52% of paternal bands, which deviates significantly from the expected value for each of 75% for dominant markers. Because of these distortions, linkage mapping was not possible with this population. Evaluation of two F1s from a second wide cross, reciprocals obtained by normal fertilization, also showed non-Mendelian inheritance of one of three co-dominant RFLPs and five of six isozyme markers, indicating that the method of crossing was probably not responsible for the abnormal segregation patterns in the first cross. Either genetic incompatibility, similar to that of an interspecific cross, or selection of particular genotypes could explain the genetic anomalies reported here.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221580
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    Heterogeneity in intergenic regions of the ribosomal repeat of the pine-blister rustsCronartium flaccidum andPeridermium pini (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Cronartium flaccidum ; Pine blister rusts ; Ribosomal intergenic region polymorphism ; RFLP ; HPA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mixed aeciospore isolates ofCronartium flaccidum andPeridermium pini were obtained from single-tree infections in Britain, Italy and Greece. The 5.8s ribosomal RNA gene and flanking intergenic transcribed spacer regions ITS 1 and ITS2 were found to be highly similar betweenC. flaccidum andP. pini. Within samples heterogeneity was detected at three nucleotide loci in the ITS1 and at four loci in the ITS2 suggesting that several fungal genotypes may occur at a single infection court. The heterogeneity was confirmed by heteroduplex polymorphism analysis of mixed aeciospore products. RFLP of the ribosomal intergenic spacer region 1 (IGSI) amplified from the same templates indicated limited sequence polymorphism in some copies of this repeated locus. Both the sexual and asexual forms ofC. flaccidum show evidence of sequence polymorphism in two independent, non-coding regions of the ribosomal gene array. Variation appears to be greater in the sexual formC. flaccidum, than in the monoaecious formP. pini.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208620
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    Heterogeneity in intergenic regions of the ribosomal repeat of the pine-blister rusts Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words  Cronartium flaccidum ; Pine blister rusts ; Ribosomal intergenic region polymorphism ; RFLP ; HPA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Mixed aeciospore isolates of Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini were obtained from single-tree infections in Britain, Italy and Greece. The 5.8s ribosomal RNA gene and flanking intergenic transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2 were found to be highly similar between C. flaccidum and P. pini. Within samples heterogeneity was detected at three nucleotide loci in the ITS1 and at four loci in the ITS2 suggesting that several fungal genotypes may occur at a single infection court. The heterogeneity was confirmed by heteroduplex polymorphism analysis of mixed aeciospore products. RFLP of the ribosomal intergenic spacer region 1 (IGS1) amplified from the same templates indicated limited sequence polymorphism in some copies of this repeated locus. Both the sexual and asexual forms of C. flaccidum show evidence of sequence polymorphism in two independent, non-coding regions of the ribosomal gene array. Variation appears to be greater in the sexual form C. flaccidum, than in the monoaecious form P. pini.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050060
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  • 135
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    Non-Mendelian and skewed segregation of DNA markers in wide crosses of the bean rust fungus, Uromyces appendiculatus (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Genetic linkage mapping ; Segregation distortion ; RAPD ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The inheritance of DNA markers was investigated in 27 F2 progeny from a single F1 hybrid derived from a wide cross in Uromyces appendiculatus. This cross was unusual because asexual spores were used to fertilize sexual fruiting structures. Sixty percent of the DNA markers failed to segregate according to simple Mendelian ratios. Segregation bias was evident, in that F2 progeny inherited on average 91% of maternal bands and 52% of paternal bands, which deviates significantly from the expected value for each of 75% for dominant markers. Because of these distortions, linkage mapping was not possible with this population. Evaluation of two F1s from a second wide cross, reciprocals obtained by normal fertilization, also showed non-Mendelian inheritance of one of three co-dominant RFLPs and five of six isozyme markers, indicating that the method of crossing was probably not responsible for the abnormal segregation patterns in the first cross. Either genetic incompatibility, similar to that of an interspecific cross, or selection of particular genotypes could explain the genetic anomalies reported here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050031
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  • 136
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    Chalcone synthase in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Detection of the CHS protein in seedlings and molecular mapping of the chs locus (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 32 (1996), S. 735-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chalcone synthase cDNA (chs cDNA) ; RFLP ; anthocyanins ; flavonoids ; synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chalcone synthase is a key enzyme that catalyses the first dedicated reaction of the flavonoid pathway in higher plants. The chs gene and its protein product in rice has been investigated. The presence of a chalcone synthase (CHS) protein in rice seedlings and its developmental stage-specific expression has been demonstrated by western analysis. The chalcone synthase of rice was found to be immunologically similar to that of maize. A rice cDNA clone, Os-chs cDNA, encoding chalcone synthase, isolated from a leaf cDNA library of an indica rice variety Purpleputtu has been mapped to the centromeric region of chromosome 11 of rice. It was mapped between RFLP markers RG2 and RG103. RG2 is the nearest RFLP marker located at a genetic distance of 3.3 cM. Some segments of chromosome 11 of rice including chs locus are conserved on chromosome 4 of maize. The markers, including chs locus on chromosome 11 of rice are located, though not in the same order, on chromosome 4 of maize. Genetic analysis of purple pigmentation in two rice lines, Abhaya and Shyamala, used in the present mapping studies, indicated the involvement of three genes, one of which has been identified as a dominant inhibitor of leaf pigmentation. The Os-chs cDNA shows extensive sequence homology, both for DNA and protein (deduced), to that of maize, barley and also to different monocots and dicots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020214
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  • 137
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    Mapping quantitative trait loci for seedling vigor in rice using RFLPs (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; RFLP ; Seedling vigor ; Shoot growth ; Oryza sauva
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Improving seedling vigor is an important objective of modern rice (Oryza saliva L.) breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying seedling vigor-related traits using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). An F2 population of 204 plants was developed from a cross between a low-vigor japonica cultivar ‘Labelle’ (LBL) and a high-vigor indica cultivar ‘Black Gora’ (BG). A linkage map was constructed of 117 markers spanning 1496 Haldane cM and encompassing the 12 rice chromosomes with an average marker spacing of 14 cM. The length of the shoots, roots, coleoptile and mesocotyl were measured on F3 families in slantboard tests conducted at two temperatures (18° and 25°C). By means of interval analysis, 13 QTLs, each accounting for 7% to 38% of the phenotypic variance, were identified and mapped in the two temperature regimes at a log-likelihood (LOD) threshold of 2.5. Four QTLs controlled shoot length, 2 each controlled root and coleoptile lengths and 5 influenced mesocotyl length. Single-point analysis confirmed the presence of these QTLs and detected additional loci for shoot, root and coleoptile lengths, these latter usually accounting for less than 5% of the phenotypic variation. Only 3 QTLs detected both by interval and singlepoint analyses were expressed under both temperature regimes. Additive, dominant and overdominant modes of gene action were observed. Contrary to what was predicted from parental phenotype, the low-vigor LBL contributed 46% of the positive alleles for shoot, root and coleoptile lengths. Positive alleles from the high-vigor parent BG were identified for increased root, coleoptile and mesocotyl lengths. However, BG contributed alleles with only minor effects for shoot length, the most important determinant of seedling vigor in water-seeded rice, suggesting that it would not be an ideal donor parent for introducing faster shoot growth alleles into temperate japonica cultivars.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223685
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    The genetic and molecular characterization of pollen-derived plant lines from octoploid triticale x wheat hybrids (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Doubled haploids ; Octoploid triticale ; Wheat ; Wheat/rye translocations ; Wheat/rye addition ; Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) ; SDS-PAGE ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six doubled-haploid (DH) lines, derived by anther culture from octoploid triticale x wheat hybrids, were characterized using cytological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Lines varied in their wheat and rye genome composition, and were either wheat-rye chromosome multiple addition lines or had spontaneous substitutions and/or wheat-rye translocations. Most of the lines contained a pair of 4R chromosomes, whereas 1R or 7R were present in others. The results are similar to those previously obtained with hexaploid triticale x wheat crosses and indicate that it is possible to produce alien (wheat/rye) addition, substitution, and translocation lines directly from the anther culture of intergeneric hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221892
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  • 139
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    The genetic and molecular characterization of pollen-derived plant lines from octoploid triticale × wheat hybrids (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Doubled haploids ; Octoploid triticale ; Wheat ; Wheat/rye translocations ; Wheat/rye addition ; Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) ; SDS-PAGE ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Six doubled-haploid (DH) lines, derived by anther culture from octoploid triticale × wheat hybrids, were characterized using cytological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Lines varied in their wheat and rye genome composition, and were either wheat-rye chromosome multiple-addition lines or had spontaneous substitutions and/or wheat-rye translocations. Most of the lines contained a pair of 4R chromosomes, whereas 1R or 7R were present in others. The results are similar to those previously obtained with hexaploid triticale × wheat crosses and indicate that it is possible to produce alien (wheat/rye) addition, substitution, and translocation lines directly from the anther culture of intergeneric hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050197
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  • 140
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    Linkage between RFLP markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Kernel hardness ; Wheat ; RFLP ; QTL ; Puroindoline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. A variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (F7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. The major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5DS, was found to be closely linked with the locus Xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. This locus explained around 63% of the phenotypic variability but there was no evidence that puroindoline-a is the product of Ha (soft). Four additional regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5B, and 6D were shown to have single-factor effects on hardness, while three others situated on chromosomes 5A, 6D and 7A had interaction effects. Positive alleles were contributed by both parents. A three-marker model explains about 75% of the variation for this trait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417951
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    Genetic localization of four genes for nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 991-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Sugar beet ; Beta vulgaris ; Nematode resistance ; RFLP ; Genetic maps ; Bulk segregant analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.). Three resistance genes originating from the wild beets B. procumbens and B. webbiana have been transferred to sugar beet via species hybridization. We describe the genetic localization of the nematode resistance genes in four different sugar beet lines using segregating populations and RFLP markers from our current sugar beet linkage map. The mapping studies yielded a surprising result. Although the four parental lines carrying the wild beet translocations were not related to each other, the four genes mapped to the same locus in sugar beet independent of the original translocation event. Close linkage (0–4.6 cM) was found with marker loci at one end of linkage group IV. In two populations, RFLP loci showed segregation distortion due to gametic selection. For the first time, the non-randomness of the translocation process promoting gene transfer from the wild beet to the sugar beet is demonstrated. The data suggest that the resistance genes were incorporated into the sugar beet chromosomes by non-allelic homologous recombination. The finding that the different resistance genes are allelic will have major implications on future attempts to breed sugar beet combining the different resistance genes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050220
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  • 142
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    Comparative genetic mapping between duplicated segments on maize chromosomes 3 and 8 and homoeologous regions in sorghum and sugarcane (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1024-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Maize ; Sorghum ; Sugarcane ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Comparative mapping within maize, sorghum and sugarcane has previously revealed the existence of syntenic regions between the crops. In the present study, mapping on the sorghum genome of a set of probes previously located on the maize and sugarcane maps allow a detailed analysis of the relationship between maize chromosomes 3 and 8 and sorghum and sugarcane homoeologous regions. Of 49 loci revealed by 46 (4 sugarcane and 42 maize) polymorphic probes in sorghum, 42 were linked and were assigned to linkage groups G (28), E (10) and I (4). On the basis of common probes, a complete co-linearity is observed between sorghum linkage group G and the two sugarcane linkage groups II and III. The comparison between the consensus sorghum/sugarcane map (G/II/III) and the maps of maize chromosomes 3 and 8 reveals a series of linkage blocks within which gene orders are conserved. These blocks are interspersed with non-homoeologous regions corresponding to the central part of the two maize chromosomes and have been reshuffled, resulting in several inversions in maize compared to sorghum and sugarcane. The results emphasize the fact that duplication will considerably complicate precise comparative mapping at the whole genome scale between maize and other Poaceae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050225
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    RFLP mapping of QTLs for yield and related characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 920-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Oryza sativa L. ; RFLP ; Yield traits ; QTLs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143-RG214, about 4 cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050212
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  • 144
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    Linkage between RFLP markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Kernel hardness ; Wheat ; RFLP ; QTL ; Puroindoline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. A variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (F7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. The major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5DS, was found to be closely linked with the locus Xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. This locus explained around 63% of the phenotypic variability but there was no evidence that puroindoline-a is the product of Ha (soft). Four additional regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5B, and 6D were shown to have single-factor effects on hardness, while three others situated on chromosomes 5A, 6D and 7A had interaction effects. Positive alleles were contributed by both parents. A three-marker model explains about 75% of the variation for this trait.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050318
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    Inter- and intra-genomic homology of the Brassica genomes: implications for their origin and evolution (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1225-1233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; B. oleracea ; B. nigra ; Genome homology ; RFLP ; Linkage maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to determine the homologous regions shared by the cultivated Brassica genomes, linkage maps of the diploid cultivated B. rapa (A genome, n = 10), B. nigra (B genome, n = 8) and B. oleracea (C genome, n = 9), were compared. We found intergenomic conserved regions but with extensitve reordering among the genomes. Eighteen linkage groups from all three species could be associated on the basis of homologous segments based on at least three common markers. Intragenomic homologous conservation was also observed for some of the chromosomes of the A, B and C genomes. A possible chromosome phylogenetic pathway based on an ancestral genome of at least five, and no more than seven chromosomes, was drawn from the chromosomal inter-relationships observed. These results demonstrate that extensive duplication and rearrangement have been involved in the formation of the Brassica genomes from a smaller ancestral genome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223454
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    Genetic localization of four genes for nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 991-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sugar beet ; Beta vulgaris ; Nematode resistance ; RFLP ; Genetic maps ; Bulk segregant analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.). Three resistance genes originating from the wild beets B. procumbens (Hs1 pro-1) and B. webbiana (Hs1 web-1, Hs2 web-7) have been transferred to sugar beet via species hybridization. We describe the genetic localization of the nematode resistance genes in four different sugar beet lines using segregating F2 populations and RFLP markers from our current sugar beet linkage map. The mapping studies yielded a surprising result. Although the four parental lines carrying the wild beet translocations were not related to each other, the four genes mapped to the same locus in sugar beet independent of the original translocation event. Close linkage (0–4.6 cM) was found with marker loci at one end of linkage group IV. In two populations, RFLP loci showed segregation distortion due to gametic selection. For the first time, the non-randomness of the translocation process promoting gene transfer from the wild beet to the sugar beet is demonstrated. The data suggest that the resistance genes were incorporated into the sugar beet chromosomes by non-allelic homologous recombination. The finding that the different resistance genes are allelic will have major implications on future attempts to breed sugar beet combining the different resistance genes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224039
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    A putative major gene for rust resistance linked with a RFLP marker in sugarcane cultivar ‘R570’ (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1059-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Major gene ; Polyploidy ; Puccinia melanocephala ; Sugarcane ; RFLP ; Rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inheritance of resistance to rust was investigated in the self progeny of the sugarcane cultivar ‘R570’ also used to build a RFLP genetic map. Resistance was evaluated through both field and controlled greenhouse trials. A clear-cut 3 (resistant) ∶ 1 (susceptible) segregation indicative of a probable dominant resistant gene was observed. This is the first documented report of a monogenic inheritance for disease resistance in sugarcane. This gene was found linked at 10 cM with an RFLP marker revealed by probe CDSR29. Other minor factors involved in the resistance were also detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224049
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    Mapping quantitative trait loci for seedling vigor in rice using RFLPs (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; RFLP ; Seedling vigor ; Shoot growth ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Improving seedling vigor is an important objective of modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying seedling vigor-related traits using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). An F2 population of 204 plants was developed from a cross between a low-vigor japonica cultivar `Labelle' (LBL) and a high-vigor indica cultivar `Black Gora' (BG). A linkage map was constructed of 117 markers spanning 1496 Haldane cM and encompassing the 12 rice chromosomes with an average marker spacing of 14 cM. The length of the shoots, roots, coleoptile and mesocotyl were measured on F3 families in slantboard tests conducted at two temperatures (18° and 25°C). By means of interval analysis, 13 QTLs, each accounting for 7% to 38% of the phenotypic variance, were identified and mapped in the two temperature regimes at a log-likelihood (LOD) threshold of 2.5. Four QTLs controlled shoot length, 2 each controlled root and coleoptile lengths and 5 influenced mesocotyl length. Single-point analysis confirmed the presence of these QTLs and detected additional loci for shoot, root and coleoptile lengths, these latter usually accounting for less than 5% of the phenotypic variation. Only 3 QTLs detected both by interval and single-point analyses were expressed under both temperature regimes. Additive, dominant and overdominant modes of gene action were observed. Contrary to what was predicted from parental phenotype, the low-vigor LBL contributed 46% of the positive alleles for shoot, root and coleoptile lengths. Positive alleles from the high-vigor parent BG were identified for increased root, coleoptile and mesocotyl lengths. However, BG contributed alleles with only minor effects for shoot length, the most important determinant of seedling vigor in water-seeded rice, suggesting that it would not be an ideal donor parent for introducing faster shoot growth alleles into temperate japonica cultivars.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050141
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    Mapping of the K+/Na+ discrimination locus Kna1 in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 448-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Wheat ; Salt tolerance ; Homoeologous recombination ; QTL ; RFLP ; Genetic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   In saline environments, bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (genomes AABBDD), accumulates less Na+ and more K+ in expanding and young leaves than durum wheat, T. turgidum L. (genomes AABB). Higher K+/Na+ ratios in leaves of bread wheat correlate with its higher salt tolerance. Chromosome 4D from bread wheat was shown in previous work to play an important role in the control of this trait and was recombined with chromosome 4B in the absence of the Ph1 locus. A population of plants disomic for 4D/4B recombined chromosomes in the genetic background of T. turgidum was developed to investigate the genetic control of K+/Na+ discrimination by chromosome 4D. Evidence was obtained that the trait is controlled by a single locus, designated Kna1, in the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the present work, K+/Na+ discrimination was determined for additional families with 4D/4B chromosomes. The concentrations of Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios in the youngest leaf blades clustered in two nonoverlapping classes, and all recombinant families could be unequivocally assigned to Kna1 and kna1 classes. The Kna1 locus scored this way was mapped on a short region in the 4DL arm and was completely linked to Xwg199, Xabc305, Xbcd402, Xpsr567, and Xpsr375; it was also mapped as a quantitative trait. The results of the QTL analysis, based on the K+/Na+ ratios in the young leaves of greenhouse-grown plants and flag leaves of field-grown plants, agreed with the position of Kna1 determined as a qualitative trait. Several aspects of gene introgression by manipulation of the Ph1 locus are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050148
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    A genetic linkage map for Pinus radiata based on RFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pinus radiata ; Genetic linkage map ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic linkage map for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) has been constructed using segregation data from a three-generation outbred pedigree. A total of 208 loci were analyzed including 165 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 41 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 2 microsatellite markers. The markers were assembled into 22 linkage groups of 2 or more loci and covered a total distance of 1382 cM. Thirteen loci were unlinked to any other marker. Of the RFLP loci that were mapped, 93 were detected by loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) cDNA probes that had been previously mapped or evaluated in that species. The remaining 72 RFLP loci were detected by radiata pine probes from a PstI genomic DNA library. Two hundred and eighty RAPD primers were evaluated, and 41 loci which were segregating in a 1∶1 ratio were mapped. Two microsatellite markers were also placed on the map. This map and the markers derived from it will have wide applicability to genetic studies in P. radiata and other pine species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226088
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    Identification of quantitative trait loci under drought conditions in tropical maize. 1. Flowering parameters and the anthesis-silking interval (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 905-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Anthesis-silking interval ; Drought ; Quantitative trait loci ; RFLP ; Tropical maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Drought is an important climatic phenomenon which, after soil infertility, ranks as the second most severe limitation to maize production in developing countries. When drought stress occurs just before or during the flowering period, a delay in silking is observed, resulting in an increase in the length of the anthesis-silking interval (ASI) and in a decrease in grain yield. Selection for reduced ASI in tropical open-pollinated varieties has been shown to be correlated with improved yields under drought stress. Since efficient selection for drought tolerance requires carefully managed experimental conditions, molecular markers were used to identify the genomic segments responsible for the expression of ASI, with the final aim of developing marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies. An F2population of 234 individuals was genotyped at 142 loci and F3 families were evaluated in the field under several water regimes for male flowering (MFLW), male sterility (STER), female flowering (FFLW) and ASI. The genetic variance of ASI increased as a function of the stress intensity, and the broad-sense heritabilites of MFLW, FFLW and ASI were high under stress conditions, being 86%, 82% and 78%, respectively. Putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in the expression of MFLW and/or FFLW under drought were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10, accounting for around 48% of the phenotypic variance for both traits. For ASI, six putative QTLs were identified under drought on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 10, and together accounted for approximately 47% of the phenotypic variance. Under water stress conditions, four QTLs were common for the expression of MFLW and FFLW, one for the expression of ASI and MFLW, and four for the expression of ASI and FFLW. The number of common QTLs for two traits was related to the level of linear correlation between these two traits. Segregation for ASI was found to be transgressive with the drought-susceptible parent contributing alleles for reduced ASI (4 days) at two QTL positions. Alleles contributed by the resistant line at the other four QTLs were responsible for a 7-day reduction of ASI. These four QTLs represented around 9% of the linkage map, and were stable over years and stress levels. It is argued that MAS based on ASI QTLs should be a powerful tool for improving drought tolerance of tropical maize inbred lines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221905
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    RFLP mapping of the dwarfing (Ddw1) and hairy peduncle (Hp) genes on chromosome 5 of rye (Secale cereale L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1073-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Rye ; RFLP ; Genetic mapping ; Dwarfing genes ; Hairy peduncle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An population was established for mapping the two dominant genes for dwarfness (Ddw1) and hairy peduncle (Hp) on chromosome 5R. The location of both genes was shown to be on the segment of chromosome 5RL which was ancestrally translocated and is homoeologous to Triticeae 4L. Hp co-segregated with the wheat gDNA probe WG199, localised in wheat on chromosomes 5AL, 4BL and 4DL. No segregation was observed between the traits hairy peduncle and hairy leaf sheath. The locus for Ddw1 was found to map distally to Hp/Xwg199 but proximal to the isozyme marker β-amy-R1. The genetical distances were 5.6 cM between Hp/Xwg199 and Ddw1 and 11.5 cM between Ddw1 and β-amy-R1, respectively. The map position of Ddw1 suggests that it is homoeologous to the wheat dominant dwarfing gene Rht12, present on chromosome 5AL and linked to β-amy-A1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050232
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    Characterization of the Citrus genome through analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Molecular markers ; Fruit breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the nature of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were undertaken to characterize the Citrus genome. This type of analysis has not been carried out with any other perennial crop. Citrus reticulata Blanco cv Clementine, C. xparadisi Macf. cv Duncan, and an F1 hybrid (LB 1–21) were used to determine what probe/enzyme combinations revealed polymorphisms in Southern analysis, and a backcross family (LB 1–21x‘Clementine’) of 65 randomly selected hybrid seedlings was used for some analyses. A majority (73%) of the clones examined from a PstI genomic library appeared to detect single-copy sequences based on RFLP banding patterns, while clones from a cDNA library revealed a lower percentage of single copy sequences. When hybridization stringencies were lowered, 21% of the genomic clones examined revealed greater copy numbers. PstI digestion of ‘Duncan’ DNA indicated abundant methylation, so the relatively high frequency of multiple-copy sequences observed at moderate stringency cannot be attributed to a lack of methylation of the Citrus DNA. The polymorphisms in banding patterns observed primarily resulted from insertions and/or deletions rather than from base substitutions, and a model is presented to account for the varying patterns obtained from individual probes with different restriction enzymes. Finally, a model for transposon activity in Citrus is proposed, based on observations made during the course of these studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223689
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    RFLP-based maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of wheat and their application in the tagging of Pm12, a powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from Aegilops speltoides to wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Ae. speltoides ; T. aestivum ; RFLP ; Pm12 ; Powdery mildew ; Genetic maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Genetic maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, have been constructed spanning 103 cM on 6A, 90 cM on 6B and 124 cM on 6D. These maps were transferred to a Chinese Spring (CS)×line #31 cross to locate a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm12, introgressed into line #31 from Aegilops speltoides. Pm12 was shown to lie on the short arm of translocation chromosome 6BS-6SS.6SL in line #31, but could not be mapped more precisely due to the lack of recombination between the 6S Ae. speltoides segment and chromosome 6B. Possible strategies to reduce the size of the alien segment, which probably encompasses the complete long arm and more than 82% of the short arm of chromosome 6B, are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050163
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    Donor chromosome elimination and organelle composition of asymmetric somatic hybrid plants between an interspecific tomato hybrid and eggplant (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 268-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Eggplant ; Tomato ; Asymmetric somatic hybrids ; Dot-blot hybridization ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphology, the extent of elimination of donor chromosomes and the organelle composition of highly asymmetric somatic hybrid plants between a interspecific tomato hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pennellii (EP) as donor and a Solarium melongena, eggplant (E), recipient, were studied. Morphologically, the somatic hybrids most resemble eggplant but, due to polyploidy, growth is slower relative to both fusion parents. The somatic hybrids produce flowers that are characterized by abnormal styles, stigmas and by anthers which do not produce pollen. Limited amounts of donor EP genomic DNA were found in the three somatic hybrid plants (H18-1, H18-2 and H18-3), by dot-blot hybridization with probe pTHG2, equivalent to 6.23,5.41, and 5.95% EP, respectively. These percentages translated to the presence of 3.59, 2.90 and 3.19 average-size EP chromosomes in plants H1 8-1,-2 and-3, respectively. RFLP determination of L. esculentum- and L. pennellii-specific chromosomes revealed that only fragments of eight to ten out of the 24 EP chromosomes (EP has 12 L. esculentum and 12 L. pennellii chromosomes) are present in the asymmetric somatic hybrid plants. Loci of L. esculentum and L. pennellii were evenly represented in plants H18-1, -2, and -3: four to five from L. esculentum and four to five from L. pennellii. All somatic hybrid plants retained locus TG22, chromosome 4, from both EP species. Although the regeneration of plants, H18-1, -2 and-3 was from one callus, loci TG31 and TG79 of L. esculentum chromosome 2 and L. pennellii chromosome 9, respectively, were missing in hybrid plant H18-1. The three somatic hybrid plants all had chloroplast DNA fragments specific for S. melongena. The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in the asymmetric somatic hybrids showed predominantly the pattern of eggplant; however, some eggplant-specific polymorphic bands were not present in the three plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225756
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    Linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling seed weight in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 431-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Comparative QTL mapping ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Pisum sativum L ; Genetic maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting seed weight in pea (Pisum sativum L.) were mapped using two populations, a field-grown F2 progeny of a cross between two cultivated types (‘Primo’ and ‘OSU442-15’) and glasshouse-grown single-seed-descent recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a wide cross between a P. sativum ssp. sativum line (‘Slow’) and a P. sativum ssp. humile accession (‘JI1794’). Linkage maps for these crosses consisted of 199 and 235 markers, respectively. QTLs for seed weight in the ‘Primo’ x ‘OSU442-15’ cross were identified by interval mapping, bulked segregant analysis, and selective genotyping. Four QTLs were identified in this cross, demonstrating linkage to four intervals on three linkage groups. QTLs for seed weight in the ‘JI1794’ x ‘Slow’ cross were identified by single-marker analyses. Linkage were demonstrated to four intervals on three linkage groups plus three unlinked loci. In the two crosses, only one common genomic region was identified as containing seed-weight QTLs. Seed-weight QTLs mapped to the same region of linkage group III in both crosses. Conserved linkage relationships were demonstrated for pea, mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), and cowpea (V. unguiculata L.) genomic regions containing seed-weight QTLs by mapping RFLP loci from the Vigna maps in the ‘Primo’ x ‘OSU442-15’ and ‘JI1794’ x ‘Slow’ crosses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223187
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    Inheritance and genetic mapping of self-incompatibility in Coffea canephora Pierre (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 458-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Coffea canephora ; Self-incompatibility ; Gametophytic system ; S-locus ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cross-compatibility behaviour of doubled haploid (DH) and hybrid genotypes of Coffea camphora was established using both phenotypic bioassay and in situ seed-set examination. The availability of DHs provided the opportunity of working with genetically homogenous pollen and female parents. The aniline blue fluorescence (ABF) method was applied to detect callose accumulation in pollen and pistil. Clear cross-compatibility/incompatibility situations were observed and confirmed by in situ seed-set analysis. Cross-compatibility analysis of hybrid combinations involving different DHs corroborated the crossing behaviour observed at the DH level. Expression of the self-incompatibility system did not appear to be affected by the low vigour of the DH. The crossing-behaviour distribution observed within DHs derived from clone IF200 confirmed that self-incompatibility in C. canephora is a gametophytic self-incompatibility system controlled by a single locus (S-locus). Reduced seed-set developments following incompatible crosses may indicate the occurrence of pseudo-incompatibility. Molecular marker linkage analysis showed that the S-locus is associated with an RFLP marker on linkage group 9. The availability of a linked DNA marker should facilitate the genetic analysis of self-incompatibility in relation to coffee breeding programmes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223190
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    RFLP loci associated with soybean seed protein and oil content across populations and locations (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Glycine max ; Protein content ; Oil content ; Mapping ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular markers provide the opportunity to identify marker-quantitative trait locus (QTL) associations in different environments and populations. Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] populations, ‘Young’ x PI 416 937 and PI 97100 x ‘Coker 237’, were evaluated with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers to identify additional QTLs related to seed protein and oil. For the Young x PI 416937 population, 120 F4-derived lines were secored for segregation at 155 RFLP loci. The F4-derived lines and two parents were grown at Plains, G.a., and Windblow and Plymouth, N.C. in 1994, and evaluated for seed protein and oil. For the PI 97100 x Coker 237 population, 111 F2-derived lines were evaluated for segregation at 153 RFLP loci. Phenotypic data for seed protein and oil were obtained in two different locations (Athens, G.a., and Blackville, S.C.) in 1994. Based on single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the Young x PI 416937 population, five of seven independent markers associated with seed protein, and all four independent markers associated with seed oil in the combined analysis over locations were detected at all three locations. For the PI 97 100 x Coker 237 population, both single-factor ANOVA and interval mapping were used to detect QTLs. Using single-factor ANOVA, three of four independent markers for seed protein and two of three independent markers for seed oil were detected at both locations. In both populations, singlefactor ANOVA, revealed the consistency of QTLs across locations, which might be due to the high heritability and the relatively few QTLs with large effects conditioning these traits. However, interval mapping of the PI 97100 x Coker 237 population indicated that QTLs identified at Athens for seed protein and oil were different from those at Blackville. This might result from the power of QTL mapping being dependent on the level of saturation of the genetic map. Increased seed protein was associated with decreased seed oil in the PI 97100 x Coker 237 population (r = −0.61). There were various common markers (P⩽0.05) on linkage groups (LG) E, G,H,K, and UNK2 identified for both seed protein and oil. One QTL on LG E was associated with seed protein in both populations. The other QTLs for protein and oil were population specific.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224058
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    Engineering of interstitial foreign chromosome segments containing the K+/Na+ selectivity gene Kna1 by sequential homoeologous recombination in durum wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1180-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Salt tolerance ; Triticum ; Gene transfer ; RFLP ; Genetic map ; Linkage ; Gene introgression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Targeted homoeologous recombination mediated by the absence of the Ph1 locus is currently the most efficient technique by which foreign genes can be introgressed into polyploid wheat species. Because intra-arm homoeologous double cross-overs are rare, introgressed foreign genes are usually on terminal foreign chromosome segments. Since the minimum length of such a segment is determined by the position of a gene in the chromosome, large chromosome segments with undesirable genetic effects are often introgressed. Introgression of foreign genes on short interstitial segments based on two cycles of homoeologous recombination is described here. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by the introgression of the Kna1 locus, which controls K+/Na+ selectivity in T. aestivum L., on short interstitial segments of chromosome 4D into chromosome 4B of Triticum turgidum L. The level of recombination in a homoeologous segment is not significantly affected by a juxtaposed proximal homologous segment in the absence of the Ph1 locus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050354
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    Molecular markers associated with seed weight in two soybean populations (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1011-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Glycine max ; Seed weight ; RFLP ; QTL ; Markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed weight (SW) is a component of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., seed yield, as well as an important trait for food-type soybeans. Two soybean populations, 120 F4-derived lines of ‘Young’xPI416937 (Pop1) and 111 F2-derived lines of PI97100x‘Coker 237’ (Pop2), were mapped with RFLP makers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning SW across environments and populations. The genetic map of Pop1 consisted of 155 loci covering 973 cM, whereas Pop2 involved 153 loci and covered 1600 cM of map distance. For Pop1, the phenotypic data were collected from Plains, GA., Windblow, N.C., and Plymouth, N.C., in 1994. For Pop2, data were collected from Athens, GA., in 1994 and 1995, and Blackville, S.C., in 1995. Based on single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), seven and nine independent loci were associated with SW in Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Together the loci explained 73% of the variability in SW in Pop1 and 74% in Pop2. Transgressive segregation occurred among the progeny in both populations. The marker loci associated with SW were highly consistent across environments and years. Two QTLs on linkage group (LG) F and K were located at similar genomic regions in both populations. The high consistency of QTLs across environments indicates that effective marker-assisted selection is feasible for soybean SW.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230118
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    A molecular linkage map of rye (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1112-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic map ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic map of six chromosomes of rye, (all of the rye chromosomes except for 2R), was constructed using 77 RFLP and 12 RAPD markers. The map was developed using an F2 population of 54 plants from a cross between two inbred lines. A rye genomic library was constructed as a source of clones for RFLP mapping. Comparisons were made between the rye map and other rye and wheat maps by including additional probes previously mapped in those species. These comparisons allowed (1) chromosome arm orientation to the linkage groups to be given, (2) the corroboration of several evolutionary translocations between rye chromosomes and homoeologous chromosomes of wheat; (3) an increase in the number of available markers for target regions of rye that show colinearity with wheat. Inconsistencies in the location of markers between the wheat and rye maps were mostly detected by multi-copy probes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230133
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    Engineering of interstitial foreign chromosome segments containing the K+/Na+ selectivity gene Kna1 by sequential homoeologous recombination in durum wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1180-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Triticum ; Gene transfer ; RFLP ; Genetic map ; Linkage ; Gene introgression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Targeted homoeologous recombination mediated by the absence of the Ph1 locus is currently the most efficient technique by which foreign genes can be introgressed into polyploid wheat species. Because intra-arm homoeologous double cross-overs are rare, introgressed foreign genes are usually on terminal foreign chromosome segments. Since the minimum length of such a segment is determined by the position of a gene in the chromosome, large chromosome segments with undesirable genetic effects are often introgressed. Introgression of foreign genes on short interstitial segments based on two cycles of homoeologous recombination is described here. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by the introgression of the Kna1 locus, which controls K+/Na+ selectivity in T. aesivum L., on short interstitial segments of chromosome 4D into chromosome 4B of Triticum turgidum L. The level of recombination in a homoeologous segment is not significantly affected by a juxtaposed proximal homologous segment in the absence of the Ph1 locus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230144
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    Molecular markers associated with seed weight in two soybean populations (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1011-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Soybean ; Glycine max ; Seed weight ; RFLP ; QTL ; Markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed weight (SW) is a component of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., seed yield, as well as an important trait for food-type soybeans. Two soybean populations, 120 F4-derived lines of `Young'×PI416937 (Pop1) and 111 F2-derived lines of PI97100×`Coker 237' (Pop2), were mapped with RFLP makers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning SW across environments and populations. The genetic map of Pop1 consisted of 155 loci covering 973 cM, whereas Pop2 involved 153 loci and covered 1600 cM of map distance. For Pop1, the phenotypic data were collected from Plains, GA., Windblow, N.C., and Plymouth, N.C., in 1994. For Pop2, data were collected from Athens, GA., in 1994 and 1995, and Blackville, S.C., in 1995. Based on single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), seven and nine independent loci were associated with SW in Pop1 and Pop2, respectively. Together the loci explained 73% of the variability in SW in Pop1 and 74% in Pop2. Transgressive segregation occurred among the progeny in both populations. The marker loci associated with SW were highly consistent across environments and years. Two QTLs on linkage group (LG) F and K were located at similar genomic regions in both populations. The high consistency of QTLs across environments indicates that effective marker-assisted selection is feasible for soybean SW.
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    Construction of a high-resolution genetic map and YAC-contigs in the tomato Tm-2a region (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 228-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Tomato ; TMV resistance ; RFLP ; High resolution map ; YAC contig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract With the ultimate goal of cloning the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) resistance gene Tm-2a from tomato by means of positional cloning, a high-resolution map of a 4.3-cM region surrounding the Tm-2a gene has been constructed. In total, 13 RFLP and RAPD markers were mapped in close proximity to Tm-2a using 2112 individuals from an intraspecific Lycopersicon peruvianum backcross. The closest flanking markers were separated from Tm-2a by 0.05 cM on each side. Only one marker, the cDNA clone R12, co-segregated with Tm-2a. In order to physically cover the Tm-2a region, R12 and the flanking DNA marker TG207 were used to select homologous YAC clones. To-date, two YAC-contigs spanning approximately 340 kb and 360 kb have been constructed. The data obtained from these experiments indicate that recombination around the centromere of chromosome 9 is extremely suppressed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050270
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    Molecular mapping of the ges gene controlling the super-giant embryo character in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Rice (Oryza sativa ; L.) ; Super giant-embryo gene (ges) ; RFLP ; Microsatellite ; Molecular markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The giant-embryo character is useful for quality improvement in rice. Three alleles controlling embryo size have been reported at the ge locus. Based on trisomic analysis, this locus is known to reside on chromosome 7. The objective of the present study was to identify linkage between molecular markers and the ge s gene using an existing molecular map of rice and an F2 population derived from Hwacheongbyeo-ge s (super-giant embryo)/Milyang 23. The bulked-segregant method was used to screen 38 RFLPs and two microsatellite markers from rice chromosome 7. RZ395 and CDO497 flanked the ge s gene, at 2.4 cM and 3.4 cM, respectively. The two microsatellite markers, RM18 and RM10, were linked with ge s at 7.7 cM and 9.6 cM, respectively. The availability of molecular markers will facilitate selection of this grain character in a breeding program and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050274
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    Construction of a molecular linkage map in coffee (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Coffee ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Linkage map ; Doubled haploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A linkage map for coffee (Coffea canephora P.) totalling 1402 cM has been developed on the basis of a population of doubled haploids. Both RFLP markers and PCR-based markers (RAPD) were used to construct 15 linkage groups. Coffee genomic and cDNA clones provided the source of the probes. In total, 47 RFLP and 100 RAPD loci have been placed on the linkage map. A rather low DNA polymorphism rate (18% for RFLP markers and 29% for RAPD primers) was detected. Only 81% of RAPD markers and 85% of RFLP markers fit an expected 1∶1 ratio (P〈0.01). The availability of a molecular linkage map has many implications for the future development of the genetics and breeding of this commercially important crop species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225725
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    Molecular mapping of the ge s gene controlling the super-giant embryo character in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa, L.) ; Super giant-embryo gene (ge s ) ; RFLP ; Microsatellite ; Molecular markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The giant-embryo character is useful for quality improvement in rice. Three alleles controlling embryo size have been reported at the ge locus. Based on trisomic analysis, this locus is known to reside on chromosome 7. The objective of the present study was to identify linkage between molecular markers and the ge s gene using an existing molecular map of rice and an F2 population derived from Hwacheongbyeo-ge s (super-giant embryo)/Milyang 23. The bulked-segregant method was used to screen 38 RFLPs and two microsatellite markers from rice chromosome 7. RZ395 and CDO497 flanked the ge s gene, at 2.4 cM and 3.4 cM, respectively. The two microsatellite markers, RM18 and RM10, were linked with ge s at 7.7 cM and 9.6 cM, respectively. The availability of molecular markers will facilitate selection of this grain character in a breeding program and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225754
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    Comparison of four molecular markers in measuring relationships among the wild potato relatives Solanum section Etuberosum (subgenus Potatoe) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Genetic distance ; Potato ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Solanum section Etuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   We evaluated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), isozymes, single to low-copy nuclear DNA (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in terms of concordance for genetic distance of 15 accessions each of Solanum etuberosum and S. palustre, and 4 accessions of S. fernandezianum. These self-compatible, diploid (2n=24), and morphologically very similar taxa constitute all species in Solanum sect. Etuberosum, a group of non-tuber-bearing species closely related to Solanum sect. Petota (the potato and its wild relatives). Genetic distance and multidimentional scaling results show general concordance of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPDs between all three taxa; cpDNA shows S. etuberosum and S. palustre to be more similar to each other than to S. fernandezianum. Interspecific sampling variance shows a gradation of resolution from allozyme (low) to RAPD to RFLP (high); while intraspecific comparisons graded from RFLPs (low) to RAPDs (high; lack of sufficient allozyme variability within species precluded comparisons for allozymes). Experimental error was low in RFLPs and RAPDs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050160
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    Somatic hybrids between the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. and the 1EBN wild species Solanum pinnatisectum Dun.: morphological and molecular characterization (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 617-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Flow cytometry ; Protoplast fusion ; RFLP ; Species-specific repetitive elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Interspecific somatic hybrids between the 1EBN-wild species Solanum pinnatisectum (S. pnt) and four different diploid breeding lines of Solanum tuberosum (S. tbr) were produced by electrofusion. S. pnt exhibits resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Erwinia blackleg. Somatic hybrids were identified by RFLP analysis using the oligonucleotide (GATA)4 as a probe. In three of four combinations all regenerates obtained were somatic hybrids. All 86 somatic hybrids between the breeding line H256/1 and S. pnt were analyzed in detail with respect to morphological and molecular characters; 50% of the somatic hybrids showed normal intermediate leaf morphology. Tubers of somatic hybrid plants grown in the greenhouse as well as in the field were evenly shaped and remarkably similar to those of the S. tbr breeding line. Analysis of relative DNA content by flow cytometry revealed that 75% of the somatic hybrids were tetraploid, some were hypotetraploid and others polyploid or mixoploid. Slot-blot and RFLP analyses were carried out using repetitive and some single-copy DNA probes. The genome portion of the S. tbr breeding line was determined by slot-blot analysis using the species-specific repetitive probe pSA287. Obviously, most somatic hybrids contain the complete genomes of both fusion partners. In some of the somatic hybrids, a significantly lower intensity of the S. pnt-specific hybridization signal indicated a certain degree of asymmetry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050171
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    Comparison of four molecular markers in measuring relationships among the wild potato relatives Solanum section Etuberosum (subgenus Potatoe) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic distance ; Potato ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Solanum section Etuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), isozymes, single to low-copy nuclear DNA (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in terms of concordance for genetic distance of 15 accessions each of Solanum etuberosum and S. palustre, and 4 accessions of S. fernandezianum. These self-compatible, diploid (2n=24), and morphologically very similar taxa constitute all species in Solanum sect. Etuberosum, a group of non-tuber-bearing species closely related to Solanum sect. Petota (the potato and its wild relatives). Genetic distance and multidimentional scaling results show general concordance of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPDs between all three taxa; cpDNA shows S. etuberosum and S. palustre to be more similar to each other than to S. fernandezianum. Interspecific sampling variance shows a gradation of resolution from allozyme (low) to RAPD to RFLP (high); while intraspecific comparisons graded from RFLPs (low) to RAPDs (high; lack of sufficient allozyme variability within species precluded comparisons for allozymes). Experimental error was low in RFLPs and RAPDs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224555
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  • 171
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    Ribosomal DNA variations in Erianthus, a wild sugarcane relative (Andropogoneae-Saccharinae) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 733-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words rDNA ; 5S DNA ; RFLP ; Erianthus sect. Ripidium ; Saccharum complex ; Germplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Variation at and 5S ribosomal DNA loci was assessed on 62 Erianthus Michx. clones, representing 11 species, and 15 clones from two Saccharum L. species used as a reference. Genus-specific markers for Erianthus Michx. sect. Ripidium Henrard (Old World species) were identified. Ribosomal DNA units in Erianthus sect. Ripidium exhibited an additional BamHI site compared to Saccharum, and 5S units showed length and restriction-site differences between Erianthus and Saccharum. These markers will be useful to follow introgression in SaccharumErianthus hybrids. Six ribosomal units (genes) were revealed in Erianthus sect. Ripidium, differing by restriction-site positions and/or length. These results provided new information on species relationships and evolution within the genus Erianthus. The Indonesian and Indian forms of E. arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet gave different restriction patterns, which were similar to those of E. bengalense (Retz.) R. C. Bharadwaja and E. procerus (Roxb.) Raizade, respectively. The two species, E. ele-phantinus Hook.f. and E. ravennae (L.) P. Beauv., could also be differentiated at this locus. Two of the New World Erianthus species studied, E. rufipilus (Steud.) Griseb. and E. longisetosus Andersson, appeared more like Erianthus sect. Ripidium, whereas E. trinii Hack. and E. brevibardis Michx. showed patterns consistent with Miscanthus sinensis Andersson and S. spontaneum L., respectively. Finally, the comparison of rDNA restriction maps among Erianthus sect. Ripidium, Saccharum, sorghum and maize, led to unexpected conclusions concerning the relationships between the different genera and the position of Erianthus in the “Saccharum complex”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050186
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    Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean population segregating for growth habit (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 516-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Glycine max ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has the potential to enhance the efficiency of trait selection in plant breeding. The purpose of the present study was to identify additional QTLs for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., population segregating for growth habit. In this study, 153 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and one morphological marker (Dt1) were used to identify QTLs associated with plant height, lodging, and maturity in 111 F2-derived lines from a cross of PI 97100 and ‘Coker 237’. The F2-derived lines and two parents were grown at Athens, Ga., and Blackville, S.C., in 1994 and evaluated for phenotypic traits. The genetic linkage map of these 143 loci covered about 1600 cM and converged into 23 linkage groups. Eleven markers remained unlinked. Using interval-mapping analysis for linked markers and single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), loci were tested for association with phenotypic data taken at each location as well as mean values over the two locations. In the combined analysis over locations, the major locus associated with plant height was identified as Dt1 on linkage group (LG) L. The Dt1 locus was also associated with lodging. This locus explained 67.7% of the total variation for plant height, and 56.4% for lodging. In addition, two QTLs for plant height (K007 on LG H and A516b on LG N) and one QTL for lodging (cr517 on LG J) were identified. For maturity, two independent QTLs were identified in intervals between R051 and N100, and between B032 and CpTI, on LG K. These QTLs explained 31.2% and 26.2% of the total variation for maturity, respectively. The same QTLs were identified for all traits at each location. This consistency of QTLs may be related to a few QTLs with large effects conditioning plant height, lodging, and maturity in this population.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224553
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    RFLP-based maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of wheat and their application in the tagging of Pm12, a powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from Aegilops speltoides to wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ae. speltoides ; T. aestivum ; RFLP ; Pm12 ; Powdery mildew ; Genetic maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, have been constructed spanning 103 cM on 6A, 90 cM on 6B and 124 cM on 6D. These maps were transferred to a Chinese Spring (CS) x line #31 cross to locate a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm12, introgressed into line #31 from Aegilops speltoides. Pm12 was shown to lie on the short arm of translocation chromosome 6BS-6SS.6SL in line #31, but could not be mapped more precisely due to the lack of recombination between the 6S Ae. speltoides segment and chromosome 6B. Possible strategies to reduce the size of the alien segment, which probably encompasses the complete long arm and more than 82% of the short arm of chromosome 6B, are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224558
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    Somatic hybrids between the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. and the 1EBN wild species Solanum pinnatisectum Dun.: morphological and molecular characterization (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 617-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Flow cytometry ; Protoplast fusion ; RFLP ; Species-specific repetitive elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific somatic hybrids between the 1EBN-wild species Solanum pinnatisectum (S. pnt) and four different diploid breeding lines of Solanum tuberosum (S. tbr) were produced by electrofusion. S. pnt exhibits resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Erwinia blackleg. Somatic hybrids were identified by RFLP analysis using the oligonucleotide (GATA)4 as a probe. In three of four combinations all regenerates obtained were somatic hybrids. All 86 somatic hybrids between the breeding line H256/1 and S. pnt were analyzed in detail with respect to morphological and molecular characters; 50% of the somatic hybrids showed normal intermediate leaf morphology. Tubers of somatic hybrid plants grown in the greenhouse as well as in the field were evenly shaped and remarkably similar to those of the S. tbr breeding line. Analysis of relative DNA content by flow cytometry revealed that 75% of the somatic hybrids were tetraploid, some were hypotetraploid and others polyploid or mixoploid. Slotblot and RFLP analyses were carried out using repetitive and some single-copy DNA probes. The genome portion of the S. tbr breeding line was determined by slot-blot analysis using the species-specific repetitive probe pSA287. Obviously, most somatic hybrids contain the complete genomes of both fusion partners. In some of the somatic hybrids, a significantly lower intensity of the S. pnt-specific hybridization signal indicated a certain degree of asymmetry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224566
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    QTL analysis of pest resistance in the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii : QTLs controlling acylsugar level and composition (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 709-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Acylsugars ; Pest resistance ; QTL analysis ; Tomato ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Some accessions of Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, are resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of the exudate of type-IV trichomes in L. pennellii LA716. An population, created by the cross L. esculentum×L. pennellii LA 716, was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP/QTL analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the accumulation of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars, as well as with acylglucoses as a percentage of total acylsugars (mole percent acylglucoses). Data were analyzed using MAPMAKER/QTL with and without a log10 transformation. A threshold value of 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER/QTL) was used, as well as 95% empirically derived threshold values. Five genomic regions, two on chromosome 2 and one each on chromosomes 3, 4 and 11, were detected as being associated with one or more aspects of acylsugar production. The L. esculentum allele is partially dominant to the L. pennellii allele in the regions on chromosomes 2 and 11, but the L. pennellii allele is dominant in the region on chromosome 3. Throughout this study, we report the comparative effects of analytical methodology on the identification of acylsugar QTLs. Similarities between our results and published results for the genus Solanum are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050183
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    QTL analysis of pest resistance in the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii: QTLs controlling acylsugar level and composition (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 709-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Acylsugars ; Pest resistance ; QTL analysis ; Tomato ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some accessions of Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, are resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of the exudate of type-IV trichomes in L. pennellii LA716. An interspecific F2 population, created by the cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii LA 716, was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP/QTL analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the accumulation of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars, as well as with acylglucoses as a percentage of total acylsugars (mole percent acylglucoses). Data were analyzed using MAPMAKER/QTL with and without a log10 transformation. A threshold value of 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER/QTL) was used, as well as 95% empirically derived threshold values. Five genomic regions, two on chromosome 2 and one each on chromosomes 3, 4 and 11, were detected as being associated with one or more aspects of acylsugar production. The L. esculentum allele is partially dominant to the L. pennellii allele in the regions on chromosomes 2 and 11, but the L. pennellii allele is dominant in the region on chromosome 3. Throughout this study, we report the comparative effects of analytical methodology on the identification of acylsugar QTLs. Similarities between our results and published results for the genus Solanum are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226093
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    Ribosomal DNA variations in Erianthus, a wild sugarcane relative (Andropogoneae-Saccharinae) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 733-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: rDNA ; 5S DNA ; RFLP ; Erianthus sect. Ripidium ; Saccharum complex ; Germplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variation at the 18S+26S and 5S ribosomal DNA loci was assessed on 62 Erianthus Michx. clones, representing 11 species, and 15 clones from two Saccharum L. species used as a reference. Genus-specific markers for Erianthus Michx. sect. Ripidium Henrard (Old World species) were identified. Ribosomal DNA units in Erianthus sect. Ripidium exhibited an additional BamHI site compared to Saccharum, and 5S units showed length and restriction-site differences between Erianthus and Saccharum. These markers will be useful to follow introgression in Saccharum x Erianthus hybrids. Six ribosomal units (for 18+26S genes) were revealed in Erianthus sect. Ripidium, differing by restriction-site positions and/or length. These results provided new information on species relationships and evolution within the genus Erianthus. The Indonesian and Indian forms of E. arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet gave different restriction patterns, which were similar to those of E. bengalense (Retz.) R. C. Bharadwaja and E. procerus (Roxb.) Raizade, respectively. The two 2n=20 species, E. ele-phantinus Hook.f. and E. ravennae (L.) P. Beauv., could also be differentiated at this locus. Two of the New World Erianthus species studied, E. rufipilus (Steud.) Griseb. and E. longisetosus Andersson, appeared more like Erianthus sect. Ripidium, whereas E. trinii Hack, and E. brevibardis Michx. showed patterns consistent with Miscanthus sinensis Andersson and S. spontaneum L., respectively. Finally, the comparison of rDNA restriction maps among Erianthus sect. Ripidium, Saccharum, sorghum and maize, led to unexpected conclusions concerning the relationships between the different genera and the position of Erianthus in the “Saccharum complex”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226096
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    A putative major gene for rust resistance linked with a RFLP marker in sugarcane cultivar ‘R570’ (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1059-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Major gene ; Polyploidy ; Puccinia melanocephala ; Sugarcane ; RFLP ; Rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Inheritance of resistance to rust was investigated in the self progeny of the sugarcane cultivar ‘R570’ also used to build a RFLP genetic map. Resistance was evaluated through both field and controlled greenhouse trials. A clear-cut 3 (resistant) : 1 (susceptible) segregation indicative of a probable dominant resistant gene was observed. This is the first documented report of a monogenic inheritance for disease resistance in sugarcane. This gene was found linked at 10 cM with an RFLP marker revealed by probe CDSR29. Other minor factors involved in the resistance were also detected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050230
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    Comparison of RAPD and RFLP markers for mapping F2 generations in maize (Zea mays L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 606-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Molecular markers ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The F2 generations from two maize crosses were used to compare the ability of RAPD and RFLP marker systems to create a genetic linkage map. Both RFLPs and RAPDs were shown to provide Mendelian-type markers. Most of the RFLPs (80%) could be placed with a good level of certainty (LOD〉4) on the genetic linkage map. However, because of their dominant nature, only between 37% and 59% of the RAPDs could be placed with such a LOD score. The use of combined data from RFLPs and RAPDs increases the level of information provided by RAPDs and allows the creation of a combined RFLP/RAPD genetic linkage map. Thus, the RAPD technique was found to be a powerful method to provide improved probes coverage on a previously created RFLP map and to locate markers linked to chromosomal regions of interest.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417955
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    Inheritance and restriction fragment length polymorphism of chloroplast DNA in the genus Coffea L. (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 626-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Coffea ; Inheritance ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract CpDNA variation among 52 tree samples belonging to 25 different taxa of Coffea and two species of Psilanthus was assessed by RFLP analysis on both the total chloroplast genome and the atpB-rbcL intergenic region. Twelve variable characters were distinguished allowing the identification of 12 different plastomes. The low sequence divergence observed might suggest that Coffea is a young genus. The results were in contradiction with the present classification into two genera. Additionally, cpDNA inheritance was studied in interspecific hybrids between C. arabica and C. canephora, and in an intraspecific progeny of C. canephora, using PCR-based markers. Both studies showed exclusively maternal inheritance of cpDNA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417958
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    A genetic map of melon (Cucumis melo L.) with RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, disease resistance and morphological markers (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cucumis melo ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Molecular markers ; Genetic map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and ten markers were analysed for linkage in 218 F2 plants derived from two divergent cultivars (‘Védrantais’ and ‘Songwhan Charmi’) of Cucumis melo (L.). Thirty-four RFLPs, 64 RAPDs, one isozyme, four disease resistance markers and one morphological marker were used to construct a genetic map spanning 14 linkage groups covering 1390 cM of the melon genome. RAPD and RFLP markers detected similar polymorphism levels. RFLPs were largely due to base substitutions rather than insertion/deletions. Twelve percent of markers showed distorted segregation. Phenotypic markers consisted of two resistance genes against Fusarium wilt (Fom-1 and Fom-2), one gene (nsv) controlling the resistance to melon necrotic spot virus, one gene (Vat) conferring resistance to Aphis gossypii, and a recessive gene for carpel numbers (3 vs 5 carpels: p).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225727
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    Donor chromosome elimination and organelle composition of asymmetric somatic hybrid plants between an interspecific tomato hybrid and eggplant (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 268-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Eggplant ; Tomato ; Asymmetric somatic hybrids ; Dot-blot hybridization ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphology, the extent of elimination of donor chromosomes and the organelle composition of highly asymmetric somatic hybrid plants between a interspecific tomato hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum×L. pennellii (EP) as donor and a Solanum melongena, eggplant (E), recipient, were studied. Morphologically, the somatic hybrids most resemble eggplant but, due to polyploidy, growth is slower relative to both fusion parents. The somatic hybrids produce flowers that are characterized by abnormal styles, stigmas and by anthers which do not produce pollen. Limited amounts of donor EP genomic DNA were found in the three somatic hybrid plants (H18-1, H18-2 and H18-3), by dot-blot hybridization with probe pTHG2, equivalent to 6.23, 5.41, and 5.95% EP, respectively. These percentages translated to the presence of 3.59, 2.90 and 3.19 average-size EP chromosomes in plants H18-1, -2 and -3, respectively. RFLP determination of L. esculentum- and L. pennellii-specific chromosomes revealed that only fragments of eight to ten out of the 24 EP chromosomes (EP has 12 L. esculentum and 12 L. pennellii chromosomes) are present in the asymmetric somatic hybrid plants. Loci of L. esculentum and L. pennellii were evenly represented in plants H18-1, -2, and -3: four to five from L. esculentum and four to five from L. pennellii. All somatic hybrid plants retained locus TG22, chromosome 4, from both EP species. Although the regeneration of plants, H18-1, -2 and -3 was from one callus, loci TG31 and TG79 of L. esculentum chromosome 2 and L. pennellii chromosome 9, respectively, were missing in hybrid plant H18-1. The three somatic hybrid plants all had chloroplast DNA fragments specific for S. melongena. The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in the asymmetric somatic hybrids showed predominantly the pattern of eggplant; however, some eggplant-specific polymorphic bands were not present in the three plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050276
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    RFLP mapping of the barley homeotic mutant lax-a (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; RFLP ; Linkage map ; homeotic mutant ; lax-a mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lax-a homeotic mutant of barley has flowers in which lodicules are replaced by stamens (giving five stamens per flower). RFLP mapping of an F2 population from a Bonus lax-a 1 x H. spontaneum cross showed that the mutation was on the short arm of chromosome 7(5H), closely linked to the centromere. An additional F2 population was used to show that the lax-a mutation gave the five-stamen phenotype in all flowers of 6-rowed spikes and that hoods were elevated and reduced in size in lax-a/Hooded double-mutant plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225730
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    Construction of a high-resolution genetic map and YAC-contigs in the tomato Tm-2a region (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 228-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tomato ; TMV resistance ; RFLP ; High resolution map ; YAC contig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract With the ultimate goal of cloning the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) resistance gene Tm-2a from tomato by means of positional cloning, a high-resolution map of a 4.3-cM region surrounding the Tm-2a gene has been constructed. In total, 13 RFLP and RAPD markers were mapped in close proximity to Tm-2a using 2112 individuals from an intraspecific Lycopersicon peruvianum backcross. The closest flanking markers were separated from Tm-2a by 0.05 cM on each side. Only one marker, the cDNA clone R12, co-segregated with Tm-2a. In order to physically cover the Tm-2a region, R12 and the flanking DNA marker TG207 were used to select homologous YAC clones. To-date, two YAC-contigs spanning approximately 340 kb and 360 kb have been constructed. The data obtained from these experiments indicate that recombination around the centromere of chromosome 9 is extremely suppressed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225750
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    Comparison of RAPD and RFLP markers for mapping F2 generations in maize (Zea mays L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 606-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular markers ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The F2 generations from two maize crosses were used to compare the ability of RAPD and RFLP marker systems to create a genetic linkage map. Both RFLPs and RAPDs were shown to provide Mendelian-type markers. Most of the RFLPs (80%) could be placed with a good level of certainty (LOD〉4) on the genetic linkage map. However, because of their dominant nature, only between 37% and 59% of the RAPDs could be placed with such a LOD score. The use of combined data from RFLPs and RAPDs increases the level of information provided by RAPDs and allows the creation of a combined RFLP/RAPD genetic linkage map. Thus, the RAPD technique was found to be a powerful method to provide improved probes coverage on a previously created RFLP map and to locate markers linked to chromosomal regions of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050322
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    A molecular linkage map of rye (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1112-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Genetic map ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic map of six chromosomes of rye, (all of the rye chromosomes except for 2R), was constructed using 77 RFLP and 12 RAPD markers. The map was developed using an F2 population of 54 plants from a cross between two inbred lines. A rye genomic library was constructed as a source of clones for RFLP mapping. Comparisons were made between the rye map and other rye and wheat maps by including additional probes previously mapped in those species. These comparisons allowed (1) chromosome arm orientation to the linkage groups to be given, (2) the corroboration of several evolutionary translocations between rye chromosomes and homoeologous chromosomes of wheat; (3) an increase in the number of available markers for target regions of rye that show colinearity with wheat. Inconsistencies in the location of markers between the wheat and rye maps were mostly detected by multi-copy probes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050343
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  • 187
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    Inheritance and restriction fragment length polymorphism of chloroplast DNA in the genus Coffea L. (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 626-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Chloroplast DNA ; Coffea ; Inheritance ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract CpDNA variation among 52 tree samples belonging to 25 different taxa of Coffea and two species of Psilanthus was assessed by RFLP analysis on both the total chloroplast genome and the atpB-rbcL intergenic region. Twelve variable characters were distinguished allowing the identification of 12 different plastomes. The low sequence divergence observed might suggest that Coffea is a young genus. The results were in contradiction with the present classification into two genera. Additionally, cpDNA inheritance was studied in interspecific hybrids between C. arabica and C. canephora, and in an intraspecific progeny of C. canephora, using PCR-based markers. Both studies showed exclusively maternal inheritance of cpDNA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050325
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    RFLP mapping of QTLs for yield and related characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 920-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa L. ; RFLP ; Yield traits ; QTLs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica F2 populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143–RG214, about 4cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224031
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    Mapping of the K+/Na+ discrimination locus Kna1 in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 448-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Salt tolerance ; Homoeologous recombination ; QTL ; RFLP ; Genetic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In saline environments, bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (genomes AABBDD), accumulates less Na+ and more K+ in expanding and young leaves than durum wheat, T. turgidum L. (genomes AABB). Higher K+/Na+ ratios in leaves of bread wheat correlate with its higher salt tolerance. Chromosome 4D from bread wheat was shown in previous work to play an important role in the control of this trait and was recombined with chromosome 4B in the absence of the Ph1 locus. A population of plants disomic for 4D/4B recombined chromosomes in the genetic background of T. turgidum was developed to investigate the genetic control of K+/Na+ discrimination by chromosome 4D. Evidence was obtained that the trait is controlled by a single locus, designated Kna1, in the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the present work, K+/Na+ discrimination was determined for additional families with 4D/4B chromosomes. The concentrations of Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios in the youngest leaf blades clustered in two nonoverlapping classes, and all recombinant families could be unequivocally assigned to Kna1 and kna1 classes. The Kna1 locus scored this way was mapped on a short region in the 4DL arm and was completely linked to Xwg199, Xabc305, Xbcd.402, Xpsr567, and Xpsr375; it was also mapped as a quantitative trait. The results of the QTL analysis, based on the K+/Na+ ratios in the young leaves of greenhousegrown plants and flag leaves of field-grown plants, agreed with the position of Knal determined as a qualitative trait. Several aspects of gene introgression by manipulation of the Ph1 locus are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223692
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  • 190
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    Comparative genetic mapping between duplicated segments on maize chromosomes 3 and 8 and homoeologous regions in sorghum and sugarcane (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1024-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize ; Sorghum ; Sugarcane ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comparative mapping within maize, sorghum and sugarcane has previously revealed the existence of syntenic regions between the crops. In the present study, mapping on the sorghum genome of a set of probes previously located on the maize and sugarcane maps allow a detailed analysis of the relationship between maize chromosomes 3 and 8 and sorghum and sugarcane homoeologous regions. Of 49 loci revealed by 46 (4 sugarcane and 42 maize) polymorphic probes in sorghum, 42 were linked and were assigned to linkage groups G (28), E (10) and I (4). On the basis of common probes, a complete co-linearity is observed between sorghum linkage group G and the two sugarcane linkage groups II and III. The comparison between the consensus sorghum/sugarcane map (G/II/III) and the maps of maize chromosomes 3 and 8 reveals a series of linkage blocks within which gene orders are conserved. These blocks are interspersed with non-homoeologous regions corresponding to the central part of the two maize chromosomes and have been reshuffled, resulting in several inversions in maize compared to sorghum and sugarcane. The results emphasize the fact that duplication will considerably complicate precise comparative mapping at the whole genome scale between maize and other Poaceae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224044
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    RFLP mapping of the dwarfing (Ddw1) and hairy peduncle (Hp) genes on chromosome 5 of rye (Secale cereale L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1073-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rye ; RFLP ; Genetic mapping ; Dwarfing genes ; Hairy peduncle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An F2 population was established for mapping the two dominant genes for dwarfness (Ddw1) and hairy peduncle (Hp) on chromosome 5R. The location of both genes was shown to be on the segment of chromosome 5RL which was ancestrally translocated and is homoeologous to Triticeae 4L. Hp cosegregated with the wheat gDNA probe WG199, localised in wheat on chromosomes 5AL, 4BL and 4DL. No segregation was observed between the traits hairy peduncle and hairy leaf sheath. The locus for Ddw1 was found to map distally to Hp/Xwg199 but proximal to the isozyme marker β-amy-R1. The genetical distances were 5.6 cM between Hp/Xwg199 and Ddw1 and ll.ScM between Ddw1 and β-amy-R1, respectively. The map position of Ddw1 suggests that it is homoeologous to the wheat dominant dwarfing gene Rht12, present on chromosome 5AL and linked to β-amy-A1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224051
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    Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean population segregating for growth habit (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 516-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Soybean ; Glycine max ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has the potential to enhance the efficiency of trait selection in plant breeding. The purpose of the present study was to identify additional QTLs for plant height, lodging, and maturity in a soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., population segregating for growth habit. In this study, 153 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and one morphological marker (Dt1) were used to identify QTLs associated with plant height, lodging, and maturity in 111 F2-derived lines from a cross of PI 97100 and `Coker 237'. The F2-derived lines and two parents were grown at Athens, Ga., and Blackville, S.C., in 1994 and evaluated for phenotypic traits. The genetic linkage map of these 143 loci covered about 1600 cM and converged into 23 linkage groups. Eleven markers remained unlinked. Using interval-mapping analysis for linked markers and single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), loci were tested for association with phenotypic data taken at each location as well as mean values over the two locations. In the combined analysis over locations, the major locus associated with plant height was identified as Dt1 on linkage group (LG) L. The Dt1 locus was also associated with lodging. This locus explained 67.7% of the total variation for plant height, and 56.4% for lodging. In addition, two QTLs for plant height (K007 on LG H and A516b on LG N) and one QTL for lodging (cr517 on LG J) were identified. For maturity, two independent QTLs were identified in intervals between R051 and N100, and between B032 and CpTI, on LG K. These QTLs explained 31.2% and 26.2% of the total variation for maturity, respectively. The same QTLs were identified for all traits at each location. This consistency of QTLs may be related to a few QTLs with large effects conditioning plant height, lodging, and maturity in this population.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050158
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    A genetic linkage map for Pinus radiata based on RFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pinus radiata ; Genetic linkage map ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A genetic linkage map for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) has been constructed using segregation data from a three-generation outbred pedigree. A total of 208 loci were analyzed including 165 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 41 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 2 microsatellite markers. The markers were assembled into 22 linkage groups of 2 or more loci and covered a total distance of 1382 cM. Thirteen loci were unlinked to any other marker. Of the RFLP loci that were mapped, 93 were detected by loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) cDNA probes that had been previously mapped or evaluated in that species. The remaining 72 RFLP loci were detected by radiata pine probes from a PstI genomic DNA library. Two hundred and eighty RAPD primers were evaluated, and 41 loci which were segregating in a 1:1 ratio were mapped. Two microsatellite markers were also placed on the map. This map and the markers derived from it will have wide applicability to genetic studies in P. radiata and other pine species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050178
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    TrackingH-2 alleles in transgenic mice by RFLP and heteroduplex analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 5 (1996), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: transgenic mice ; MHC alleles ; microsatellite ; RFLP ; heteroduplex ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic mice provide valuable tools for biological research including many areas of immunology. In studies involving the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it is often necessary to place the desired transgene in a specificH-2 (the murine MHC) environment. In this regard, the strains commonly used for the production of transgenic mice also carry well characterizedH-2 alleles and provide an appropriate genetic background for MHC related experiments. In this study, a highly polymorphic microsatellite of tetranucleotide repeats from the second intron of the class IIEb gene within theH-2 complex was used in order to identify the corresponding alleles. The relevantH-2 allele(s) along with the transgene were then tracked throughout the production of a chicken ovalbumin-specific transgenic strain. The technique involved PCR-amplification of a DNA sequence encompassing theH-2 specific microsatellite followed by RFLP and heteroduplex analyses. This approach is likely to find wide application in the background checking of trangenic mice, especially in immunological research requiring a definedH-2 background.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969710
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    Mapping of the nucleolus organizer region on chromosome 4 in Arabidopsis thaliana (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Ribosomal DNA ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Gene map ; Nucleolar organizer region ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In Arabidopsis thaliana the ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA genes or rDNA) are clustered in tandemly repeated blocks in two nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Cytogenetic analysis has shown that the NORs are localized on chromosome 2 (NOR 2) and 4 (NOR 4). Recently the map position of NOR 2 was determined using a RFLP which was larger than 100 kb. In the course of a fingerprint analysis of different Arabidopsis ecotypes we have detected four rDNA polymorphisms between the ecotypes Landsberg (La) and Niederzenz (Nd). Mapping of these polymorphisms using established segregating F2 populations reveals that all polymorphisms detected are dominant. Three of them map to the locus on the second chromosome that has been shown to harbour the NOR 2. The fourth polymorphism can be unambigously assigned to the upper arm of the fourth chromosome. This is the first polymorphism found which originates in the second rDNA cluster of Arabidopsis thaliana. It enables localization of NOR 4 and thus completes the mapping of rDNA genes in the NORs of Arabidopsis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191832
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    Genetic analysis of two tomato mutants affected in the regulation of iron metabolism (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Genetic mapping ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Plant nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Iron is one of the most important micronutrients for plants. Like other organisms, plants have developed active mechanisms for the acquisition of sufficient iron from the soil. Nevertheless, very little is known about the genetic mechanisms that control the active uptake. In tomato, two spontaneously derived mutants are available, which are defective in key steps that control this process. The recessive mutationchloronerva (chln) affects a gene which controls the synthesis of the non-protein amino acid nicotianamine (NA), a key component in the iron physiology of plants. The root system of the recessive mutantfer is unable to induce any of the characteristic responses to iron deficiency and iron uptake is thus completely blocked. We present a characterization of the double mutant, showing that thefer gene is epistatic over thechln gene and thus very likely to be one of the major genetic elements controlling iron physiology in tomato. In order to gain access to these two genes at the molecular level, both mutants were precisely mapped onto the high density RFLP map of tomato. Thechln gene is located on chromosome 1 and thefer gene is on chromosome 6 of tomato. Using this high-resolution map, a chromosome walk has been started to isolate thefer gene by map-based cloning. The isolation of thefer gene will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron uptake control in plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173208
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    Mapping of resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis from the wild potato species Solanum vernei (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: BSA ; Globodera rostochiensis ; potato ; RFLP ; SCAR ; Solanum vernei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A population of diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) was used for the genetic analysis and mapping of a locus for resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, introgressed from the wild potato species Solanum vernei. Resistance tests of 108 genotypes of a F1 population revealed the presence of a single locus with a dominant allele for resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1. This locus, designated GroV1, was located on chromosome 5 with RFLP markers. Fine-mapping was performed with RAPD and SCAR markers. The GroV1 locus was found in the same region of the potato genome as the S. tuberosum ssp. andigena H1 nematode resistance locus. Both resistance loci could not excluded to be allelic. The identification of markers flanking the GroV1 locus offers a valuable strategy for marker-assisted selection for introgression of this nematode resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171351
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    The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: AFLP ; SSR ; simple sequence repeat polymorphism ; germplasm ; microsatellite ; polymorphism ; RAPD ; RFLP ; soybean ; Glycine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The utility of RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random-amplified polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat, microsatellite) markers in soybean germplasm analysis was determined by evaluating information content (expected heterozygosity), number of loci simultaneously analyzed per experiment (multiplex ratio) and effectiveness in assessing relationships between accessions. SSR markers have the highest expected heterozygosity (0.60), while AFLP markers have the highest effective multiplex ratio (19). A single parameter, defined as the marker index, which is the product of expected heterozygosity and multiplex ratio, may be used to evaluate overall utility of a marker system. A comparison of genetic similarity matrices revealed that, if the comparison involved both cultivated (Glycine max) and wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions, estimates based on RFLPs, AFLPs and SSRs are highly correlated, indicating congruence between these assays. However, correlations of RAPD marker data with those obtained using other marker systems were lower. This is because RAPDs produce higher estimates of interspecific similarities. If the comparisons involvedG. max only, then overall correlations between marker systems are significantly lower. WithinG. max, RAPD and AFLP similarity estimates are more closely correlated than those involving other marker systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564200
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    A major locus for submergence tolerance mapped on rice chromosome 9 (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: Oryza sativa L. ; submergence tolerance ; RAPD ; RFLP ; genome mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Submergence stress is a widespread problem in rice-growing environments where drainage is impeded. A few cultivars can tolerate more than 10 days of submergence, but the genes conferring this tolerance have not been identified. We used randon-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers to map submergence tolerance in 169 F2 plants and the resulting F3 families of a cross between a tolerant indica rice line, IR40931-26, and a susceptible japonica line, PI543851. IR40931-26 inherited strong submergence tolerance from the unimproved cultivar FR13A. Eight-day old F3 seedlings were submerged for 14–16 days in 55-cm deep tanks, and tolerance was scored after 7 days recovery on a scale of 1 (tolerant) to 9 (susceptible). The tolerant and susceptible parents scored 1.5 and 8.4, respectively, and the F3 means ranged from 1.6 to 8.9. Two bulks were formed with DNA from F2 plants corresponding to the nine most tolerant and the nine most susceptible F3 families. Of 624 RAPD primers used to screen the bulks, five produced bands associated with either tolerance or susceptibility. These markers were mapped to a region of chromosome 9 by linkage to RFLP markers. A submergence tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL), here designatedSub1, was located ca. 4 cM from the RFLP marker C1232 and accounted for 69% of the phenotypic variance for the trait.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564199
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    Molecular markers for low-glucosinolate alleles in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: glucosinolates ; oilseed rape ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two recent studies have mapped QTLs associated with the level of seed glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). It was likely that the two most significant QTLs identified in each study were the same, as they were linked to RFLP alleles identified by common DNA probes. To investigate the utility of these probes in breeding programmes, they were used to study RFLPs in a range of low- and high-glucosinolate cultivars and breeding lines. It was shown that all low glucosinolate spring and winter cultivars possessed a specific RFLP fragment identified by probe wg3f7 which is linked to theGSL-1 QTL, and all high-glucosinolate cultivars possessed a specific RFLP fragment identified by probe wg7a8, which is linked to theGSL-2 QTL. Cultivar Ariana, which has intermediate levels of glucosinolates possessed the low-glucosinolate fragment atGSL-1 but the high-glucosinolate fragment atGSL-2. A similar result was found with the cvs. Martina and Bronowski which have intermediate and variable levels of glucosinolates. There were no other RFLP fragments identified by other DNA probes which were specific to either the low- or high-glucosinolate phenotypes. The use of probes wg3f7 and wg7a8 in selection of low-glucosinolate lines in breeding programmes is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564205
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