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  • Weitere Quellen  (309)
  • Elsevier  (271)
  • American Geophysical Union  (38)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Public Library of Science
  • 1995-1999  (305)
  • 1965-1969  (4)
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  • 1
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    The geomorphology and sedimentology of the July 9th 1956 Aegean Sea tsunami (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology (Internat. J. of Marine Geol., Geochem. and Geophys.), Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 83-96, pp. 2486, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Tsunami(s) ; Geol. aspects
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  • 2
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    Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of mineralogy ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of physics ; Geochemistry
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  • 3
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    Shallow High-Resolution Reflection Seismics (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 404 pp., Elsevier, vol. 19, pp. 503, (ISBN 0121341305)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Reflection seismics ; Handbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 4
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    Urban Disaster Mitigation - The Role of Engineering and Technology (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Oxford, xxii+320 pp., 1st ed., Elsevier, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 0-8493-0068-1)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Recurrence of earthquakes ; Statistical investigations ; Strong motions ; Taiwan ; SAF ; bridges ; landslides ; floods ; socio-economic ; impact
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 5
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    Structural Geology and Personal Computers (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, 546 pp., Elsevier, vol. 15, no. 85, pp. 585, (ISBN 0080424309)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    Beschreibung: This book will help structural geologists keep abreast of rapid changes in work practices resulting from the personal computer revolution. I Computer-Aided Learning; II Microstructural Analysis; III Analysis of Orientation Data; IV Strain and Kinematic Analysis; V Mathematical and Physical Modeling; VI Structural Mapping and GIS. ISBN: 0-08-043110-0
    Schlagwort(e): Structural geology ; software ; Textbook of geology ; Stress ; GIS ; Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Stress ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture
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  • 6
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    Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, 340 pages, Elsevier, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 0-08-040286-0)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    Schlagwort(e): Textbook of informatics ; Textbook of geology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; plotting
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 7
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    Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperature (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 37, pp. 64-97, (ISBN 3-540-24988-5)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Laboratory measurements ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article ; Mineralogy
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 8
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    Seismic traveltime tables (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 126-143, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; Travel time ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 9
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    Guidelines for efficient wellbore stability analysis (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min Sci., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 34, no. 3-4, pp. 155-162, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997
    Schlagwort(e): Borehole geophys. ; Stress ; Borehole breakouts ; Hydraulic fracturing ; stability ; Anisotropy ; shear ; tensile ; Strength ; Rock mechanics
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  • 10
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    Aspects of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geology (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 292 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 0-521-66034-3, ISBN 0-521-66948-0 paper)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999
    Beschreibung: The book presents multivariate statistical methods useful in geological analysis. The essential distinction between multivariate analysis as applied to full-space data (measurements on lengths, heights, breadths etc.) and compositional data is emphasized with particular reference to geochemical data. Each of the methods is accompanied by a practically oriented computer program and backed up by appropriate examples. The computer programs are provided on a compact disk together with trial data-sets and examples of the output. An important feature of this book is the graphical system developed by Dr. Savazzi which is entitled Graph Server.
    Schlagwort(e): Data analysis / ~ processing ; Statistical investigations ; Textbook of geology
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  • 11
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    Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics - Proc. Internat. Symp. Inv. Probl. in Eng. Mech. (ISIP '98), March 1998, Nagano (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 1-85312-745-0)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Inversion ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; Scattering ; soil ; Modelling ; Fluids ; Acoustics
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  • 12
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    Classification of rocks and their abundances on the Earth (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 1-7, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy ; Review article
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  • 13
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    Isotopic decay data (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 271-282, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; radioactivity ; Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics
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  • 14
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    Linear-elastic crack models of jointing and faulting (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Structural Geology and Personal Computers, New York, Elsevier, vol. 15, no. 16, pp. 359-388, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    Schlagwort(e): cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Elasticity ; Rock mechanics ; Mathematica ; MATLAB ; MAPLE ; Modelling ; J ; w/out ; dot
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  • 15
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    Rheology of rocks (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1002, no. 231, pp. 148-165, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rheology ; Inelastic ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 16
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    Seismic models of the Earth: Elastic and anelastic (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 88-103, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Rheology ; Seismology
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  • 17
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    Free oscillations: Frequencies and attenuations (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 104-125, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Attenuation ; Rheology
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  • 18
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    Acoustic velocity and attenuation in porous rocks (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 20-34, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Physical properties of rocks ; Attenuation ; porosity ; Velocity ; Review article
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  • 19
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    Deep-crustal seismology of continental margins (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 28, pp. 309-314
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Plate tectonics ; Review article
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  • 20
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    Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of Silicates and Oxides in geochemistry and geophysics (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 303-331, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): NMR ; Spectrum ; Spectral analysis ; Geochemistry ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 21
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    Comparison of observed ground acceleration response spectra from four recent large earthquakes in California with the uniform building code seismic design spectra (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 16, pp. 15-30, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard ; Statistical investigations ; Strong motions ; Spectrum ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 22
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    Natural radioactivity of the crust and mantle (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 283-291, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; radioactivity ; isotopes ; Geothermics
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  • 23
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    Plate motions and crustal deformation (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 302, pp. 365-369
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismicity ; Geodesy ; Review article
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  • 24
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    Seismic performance of bridges in California during the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 5, no. 16, pp. 157-166, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake ; Strong motions ; USA
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  • 25
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    Thermal Modelling of Petroleum Generation: Theory and Applications (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 526 pp., Elsevier, vol. 45, pp. ii + 37 pp. + 35 figs. + 4 tabs., (ISBN 975-561-182-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    Schlagwort(e): Applied geophysics ; Geol. aspects ; Borehole geophys. ; Geothermics ; Geochemistry
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  • 26
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    Characteristic earthquakes and long-term earthquake forecasts: Implications of central California seismicity (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, Elsevier, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-7923-5034-0)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard ; Statistical investigations
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  • 27
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    Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 394 pp., Elsevier, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-9808493-1-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): oil ; gas ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of engineering
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  • 28
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    Vibration of Mindlin Plates (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 71-80, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Ritz ; Kirchhoff ; p-Ritz ; software ; Textbook of engineering
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  • 29
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    Paleoseismology (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 346 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN 3-936546-23-1, 2. Auflage 2005. 876 Seiten + CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology
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  • 30
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    Analysis of Geophysical Potential Fields, A Digital Signal Processing Approach, 310 pp. (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 799-804, (ISBN 1-4020-1777-4 (hb) and ISBN 1-4020-1778-2 (pb))
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Hilbert transform ; digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Fast Fourier transf. ; Spectrum ; Correlation ; Filter- ; discrete ; DFT ; Maximum likelihood
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  • 31
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    Physical Properties of Rocks: Fundamentals and Principals of Petrophysics (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Stuttgart, 403 pp., Elsevier, vol. 18, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 267, (ISBN 3-534-14102-4)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    Schlagwort(e): Textbook of geophysics ; Physical properties of rocks ; porosity ; permeability ; conductivity ; Density ; susceptibility ; incompressibility ; shear ; modulus ; Lame ; viscosity ; Schoen ; Schon
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  • 32
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    Magnitudes and moments of earthquakes (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, pp. 206-213
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; Magnitude ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; seismic Moment
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  • 33
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    Systematic determination of seismic safety levels for design of R/C buildings (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 37, pp. 63-77, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk
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  • 34
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    Thermal conductivity of rocks and minerals (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 105-126, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Geothermics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 35
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    Electrical conductivity models of the crust and the mantle (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 190-205, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Geoelectrics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 36
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    Models of mantle viscosity (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 227-236, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rheology ; Inelastic ; Modelling ; Review article ; Geothermics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 37
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    Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earth rotation ; Geochemistry ; Nuclear explosion ; Source ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; GeodesyY ; Chaotic behaviour ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Rock mechanics ; remote ; sensing ; Mineralogy ; Geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Planetology
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  • 38
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    Constraining the full stress tensor from observations of drilling-induced tensile fractures and leak-off tests: applications to borehole stability and sand production on the Norwegian margin (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci., Hannover, Elsevier, vol. 34, no. 3-4, pp. 13021-13032, pp. L15S14, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997
    Schlagwort(e): Stress ; Stress measurements ; Hydraulic fracturing ; Borehole geophys. ; stability ; North ; Sea ; Norway
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  • 39
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    Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of geophysics ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of physics
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  • 40
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    Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Handbook of geophysics ; Plate tectonics ; TIDES ; Geomagnetics ; Geothermics ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Paleomagnetism ; isotopes ; Geochemistry ; Oceanography ; Volcanology ; physical ; constants
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  • 41
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    Advances in Adaptive Computational Methods (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 47, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Modelling ; Finite Element Method ; Elasticity ; Error analysis ; Acoustics
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  • 42
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    Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 490 pp., Elsevier, vol. 4, no. 85, pp. 175, (ISBN: 1-85312-689-6)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): graben ; Geol. aspects ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology ; Tectonics
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  • 43
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    Elasticity of minerals, glasses, and melts (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 303-331, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Mineralogy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 44
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    Present plate motions and plate boundaries (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 66-87, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; Modelling ; Review article ; Geodesy ; Paleomagnetism
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  • 45
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    Taiwan strong motion instrumentation program (TSMIP) and preliminary analysis of site effects in Taipei basin from strong motion data (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 47-62, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Strong motions ; China ; Project report/description ; Site amplification
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  • 46
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    Uncertainty analysis on seismic hazard evaluation (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 31-46, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake hazard ; Error analysis
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 47
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    Rock failure (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 127-147, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rock mechanics ; Geochemistry ; Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 48
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    Seismic source modeling (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. SC.TECH./SEM.16/R.60, pp. 299-308
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    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Source ; Modelling ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 49
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    Lithosphere dynamics and continental deformation (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. SC.TECH./SEM.16/R.60, pp. 379-383
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Tectonics ; rifting ; basins ; Fault zone ; Stress ; Fluids ; Review article
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  • 50
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    Earthquake geodesy and hazard monitoring (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. M79-E-11 [79127 Arto 129], pp. 249-255, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake hazard ; Review article
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  • 51
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    Crustal deformation (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2097, pp. 371-377, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; Global Positioning System ; Plate tectonics ; Review article
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  • 52
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    Intraslab earthquakes and phase changes in subducting lithosphere (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 25, pp. 287-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Source ; Mineralogy ; Hypocentral depth ; Review article
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  • 53
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    Marine geodynamics: Depth-age revisited (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0314, pp. 413-418, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; evolution ; GeodesyY ; Review article
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  • 54
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    Volcanic eruptions, prediction, hazard assessment, remote sensing, and societal implications (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. paper SPWLA 90-H, pp. 257-262, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake hazard ; Review article
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  • 55
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    Seismology and the test ban: A new era (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 89-144, pp. 269-273, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Review article
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  • 56
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    Rock deformation: Ductile and brittle (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 57, pp. 451-457, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Rock mechanics ; Rheology ; Review article
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  • 57
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    New ideas about the physics of earthquakes (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1034, no. SAND 80-2048, pp. 283-286, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Source ; Seismology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Review article
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  • 58
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    Composition, Deep Structure and Evolution of Continents (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  200 pp., Elsevier, vol. 24, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 0-444-50309-9)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; Textbook of geology ; Textbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Geol. aspects ; Mineralogy
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  • 59
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    Volcano seismology, hazards assessment (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 70, pp. 263-267, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 60
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    Chaos, fractals, nonlinear phenomena in Earth sciences (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 91-N-FA07-7-4, pp. 341-343, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Chaotic behaviour ; FractureT ; Non-linear effects ; Review article
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  • 61
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    Bridge damage diagnosis by vibrational signature analysis (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 147-156, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology
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  • 62
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    Earthquake prediction, societal implications (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, no. 43, pp. 243-247
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake risk ; Review article
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  • 63
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    Heat flow of the Earth (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 144-158, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Geothermics ; Review article
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  • 64
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    Crustal structure of the Earth (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 214-224, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Velocity depth profile ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust)
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  • 65
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    New evidence for the production of EM-type ocean island basalts and large volumes of volcaniclastites during the early history of the Manihiki Plateau (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 122 (3). pp. 181-205.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-12-21
    Beschreibung: Alkaline volcanic rocks including nephelinites, basanites and trachybasalts dredged from the volcanic pedestal of Rakahanga Atoll and from a volcanic edifice with 100 satellite volcanoes at the eastern edge of the Manihiki Plateau, ca. 40 km southwest of the atoll, fall well within the category of EM-type ocean island basalts. They indicate a hotspot involvement during the formation of the plateau basement. The rocks are thought to be products of explosive eruptions which took place subaerially or in shallow water in the Aptian. The volcanoes, together with other volcanic eruption centers, most likely were responsible for the formation of the 230 m thick volcaniclastite layer which rests on the basement for at least 5000 km2 of the eastern part of the Manihiki Plateau. Erosion has prevented any substantial sediment cover on the volcanic cone field and most of the slope of Rakahanga and thin pelagic limestones were deposited instead at least since the Maastrichtian.
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  • 66
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    Detrital sediment fluxes from continents to oceans (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 145 (3-4). pp. 287-323.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-07
    Beschreibung: Detrital sediment is carried from land to the sea by three agents, rivers, glaciers, and winds. The shoreline is an arbitrary boundary within the detrital sediment transport system, which extends from a site of origin across areas of temporary storage to a site of long-term deposition. The most important of the agents moving sediment across the land is river transport, estimated to be in the order of 20×1012 kg of sediment annually at present. Analysis of drainage basins indicates that relief and runoff are the most important factors in determining the sediment load of rivers. The competence of rivers to transport sediment is governed by the volume flow, gradient, and the sediment load itself. Today, most large rivers are fed by snowmelt in highland areas, runoff from rainfall in the drainage basin, and groundwater inflow. Along the river course, water is lost to evaporation and groundwater infiltration. River courses can often be divided into two segments, a degradational section in which the gradient is relatively steep and little temporary storage of sediment takes place, and an aggradational section where the gradient is sharply reduced through meandering, and where large-scale temporary sediment storage forms a flood plain. Lakes trap sediment inland and prevent its transport to the sea. Today, many high and mid-latitude rivers are interrupted by lakes of glacial origin. There are also some large areas of internal drainage that deliver no sediment to the sea. The load carried by rivers has been markedly altered by human activity, and may have doubled over the past few thousand years, only to be reduced in the past century by the widespread construction of dams. The ancient use of fire in hunting and its subsequent use in clearing land has increased erosion. Extensive deforestation and cultivation processes have also increased the sediment supply. Dam construction is a relatively new factor and affects the sediment transport system by trapping sediment before it can reach the sea. The resulting lower sediment supply from rivers is, at least in part, compensated by increased coastal erosion. Glacial erosion is difficult to estimate. There is an ongoing controversy whether ice sheets are effective erosive agents or not. Estimates of the present global flux of glacial detritus range from 0.8–50×1012 kg annually, with the lower value most probable. The dust flux is in the order of 0.5 to 0.9×1012 kg annually, but may vary greatly with time.
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  • 67
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    Chapter 8 Protein synthesis in fish (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  In: Metabolic biochemistry. Biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes, 4 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 191-220. ISBN 0-444-82082-5
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-08
    Beschreibung: This chapter discusses the rates of protein synthesis in fish. Protein synthesis can be viewed at a number of levels. Whole-animal values can be integrated into the descriptions of assimilation/growth or assimilation/metabolism patterns in different fish species and is the focus of the chapter. The measurement of protein synthesis rates in body organs and tissues can provide information on the extent to which differences exist among various tissues and offer a challenge in understanding the integration of organ metabolism into whole animal physiology. The majority of methods for estimating protein synthesis measure the flux of an amino acid or nitrogen. This involves the use of tracer substances—that is, amino acids labeled with an isotope, which are given in a single dose or by continuous infusion. The measurements, parameters, and formulae that are commonly employed in the studies of protein growth, synthesis, and degradation are described in the chapter. It discusses the mechanism of nutrition and protein synthesis in the fish and explains the impact that protein synthesis has upon the rates of oxygen consumption.
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  • 68
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    MKIIIB-CTD: improving its system output (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 42 (11-12). pp. 2113-2126.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-10
    Beschreibung: In the Neil Brown Instruments' MKIIIB-CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth profiler), the system's digital outputs for the three basic measurements of temperature, conductivity and pressure typically show some small amplitude deviations from smooth calibrations which should be corrected for to achieve high accuracies, as required, e.g. within the Hydrographic Program (WHP) of the current World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). These deviations show up as (i) a strong nonlinearity or even discontinuity of several mK close to 0°C in temperature output leading to too high subzero temperatures; (ii) a jump of order 0.002 mS cm−1 in conductivity output when passing the half-range value 32.768 mS cm−1, which causes jumps in the relation of potential temperature and salinity; and (iii) errors in pressure measurements of up to 4 dbar due to mechanical hysteresis and both static and dynamic responses to temperature changes. The existence of these effects is demonstrated, and methods to reduce the associated errors are suggested.
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  • 69
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    Sea-ice flux in the East Greenland Current (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 46 (6-7). pp. 1063-1082.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-30
    Beschreibung: The sea-ice export out of the central Arctic through the Fram Strait is a key variable in the Arctic climate system. Satellite data provide the only basis for mapping ice features with a high spatial and temporal resolution in polar regions. An automatic drift algorithm has been employed and optimized to monitor the sea-ice drift velocity in the Greenland Sea with AVHRR data. The combination of the ice drift and the spatial ice distribution provides an insight into the ice transport processes along the coast of Greenland. The combination with sea-ice thickness measurements allows an estimation of the spatial distribution of the sea-ice mass flux. The seasonal and spatial variability of the mass flux allows further predictions of the meridional melting and freezing processes along the East Greenland Current. This investigation covers the years 1993 and 1994. Seasonal and spatial distributions of the sea-ice drift were derived. The derived absolute values in this study are in good agreement with estimates proposed by other authors.
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  • 70
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    Distribution patterns of dinoflagellate cysts and other organic-walled microfossils in recent Norwegian-Greenland Sea sediments (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Micropaleontology, 24 (3-4). pp. 307-334.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-23
    Beschreibung: Dinoflagellate cysts and other organic-walled microfossils have been studied in recent surface sediments from the entire Norwegian-Greenland Sea. More than 30 taxa have been recognized, of which only few show a distinct distribution pattern, and allow description of four assemblages. The occurrence of most taxa is related to the relatively warmer waters of the Norwegian Sea. Algidaspaeridium? minutum s.1., Brigantedinium simplex and Impagidinium? pallidum are the only species showing a preference for colder water masses. Two species, I.? pallidum and Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus are mainly restricted to the oceanic environment, whereas the other species have also been reported from neritic environments in previous studies. Due to the limited knowledge of the ecological and sedimentological factors influencing the occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts in oceanic environments, their distribution in recent sediments can be only related to surface water masses in a broad sense. Although the distribution of assemblages correlates with specific surface water masses, comparison with assemblages recovered from sediment traps deployed basinwide in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (Dale and Dale, 1992) revealed some major discrepancies in species composition and percentage abundances. The differences cannot be explained with certainty at the moment, although there is some evidence that transport of dinoflagellate cysts and other fossilizable microplankton in water masses by currents, in sea-ice and sediments may modify the assemblages found in recent oceanic surface sediments from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.
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  • 71
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    The impact of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) on benthic foraminiferal assemblages and surface sediments at the southern Portuguese continental margin (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Micropaleontology, 29 (3-4). pp. 211-236.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-22
    Beschreibung: Benthic foraminifera and surface sediments were analyzed from 23 box-core and core-top samples from 250 to 3600 m depth at the southern Portuguese continental margin between 37 and 38 °N. This area is affected by the MOW which flows northwards along the slope between 600 and 1500 m waterdepth. Sediment structures, grain-size distribution and clay mineral assemblages of surface sediments indicate active winnowing in the upper part of the MOW, and deposition of the fine fraction near its lower boundary. R-mode cluster analyses of foraminiferal census data from the 〉 250 μm fraction revealed four associations. The ‘Shelf Edge Association’ occurs on glauconitic shelf and upper slope sands down to 268 m. The ‘Upper Slope Association’ is recognized between 498 and 1300 m where sand-silt-clays to clayey silts are encountered. The ‘Lower Slope Association’ is found between 1405 and 2985 m and differs markedly from assemblages below 3000 m (‘Deep Water Association’) where the near-surface sediments are soft hemipelagic clays. The ‘Boundary Layer Association’ shows no significant depth limits but abundance maxima both in the density interface above the MOW and in the interval of decreasing turbulence below it. The boundaries of the ‘Shelf Edge’ and ‘Upper Slope Association’ correspond to these hydrographic boundary layers whereas the boundary between ‘Lower Slope’ and ‘Deep Water Assemblage’ is related to threshold values of nutrient flux to the benthic community. Examination of hard-substrates reveals 27 different species of epibenthic foraminifera. Six of these, the ‘Epibenthos Group’, were found attached to elevated substrates only within the MOW. Above the MOW, elevated substrates were inhabited by different species, whilst below the MOW they were not used by any epibenthic foraminifers. Evidently, the hydrodynamic environment of the MOW current provides an ecological niche which is efficiently used by opportunistic suspension feeders. The ‘Epibenthos Group’ is more abundant in the middle part of the study area between 37 °20′ and 37 °40′N where the sand content of surface sediments is also higher. Both indicate an enhanced sediment-water interaction in this area which results from an obstruction of the MOW flow by the ‘Principes d'Avis’ basement spur.
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  • 72
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    The North Brazil Undercurrent (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 42 (5). pp. 773-795.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-02
    Beschreibung: The flow field in the area of what was thought to be the source region of the North Brazil Current (NBC) off the northeast coast of Brazil between 5 degrees 30'S and 10 degrees S was investigated in austral spring during November 1992 and compared with observations in October 1990. The data were taken with several different instruments, including vessel-mounted ADCP, lowered-ADCP, Pegasus, CTD and XBTs. The flow was found off the coast at 5 degrees 30'S as well as at 10 degrees S as an undercurrent, the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC). The NBUC shows a subsurface core at about 200 m depth with velocities of up to 90.0 cm s(-1), resulting in large northward transports of more than 22 Sv in the upper 1000 m. The transport is about the same at 5 degrees 30'S and 10 degrees S, hence no net inflow from the east is required to feed the NBUC. The climatological Ekman transport is to the south between 5 degrees 30'S and 10 degrees S, and in consequence the northward flow near the surface was reduced and might be one reason for the existence of the undercurrent. The flow near the coast was to the north at 10 degrees S, therefore the Brazil Current had to start as a coastal current south of 10 degrees S. For the zonal sections at 5 degrees 30'S and 10 degrees S the geostrophic computations relative to the density surface sigma(1) = 32.15 kg m(-3) (about 1150 m depth) resulted in transports comparable to those obtained from direct measurements. The results further show that the choice of a correct level of no motion can be supported by the direct observations. A shallower reference based on water mass boundaries alone would reduce the NBUC transport to almost zero. Computations with data from the historical data base for austral fall resulted in a weaker NBUC of less than 20 Sv near 10 degrees S, indicating a possible seasonal signal in the NBUC with a stronger NBUC in austral spring.
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  • 73
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    Structure and geology of the continental shelf of the Laptev Sea, Eastern Russian Arctic (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 298 (4). pp. 357-393.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-24
    Beschreibung: The Laptev Sea is of great significance for studying the processes of the initial breakup of continents. It is the southern termination of the Gakkel spreading ridge and thus the location of structural features resulting from a continental margin/spreading ridge intersection. The present-day understanding of the Laptev Shelf geology is based on the Russian multichannel seismic reflection data and extrapolation of the terrestrial geology. Geologic and plate-kinematic data are used to constrain the interpretation of the seismic reflection data. The Laptev Rift System consists of several deep subsided rifts and high standing blocks of the basement. From west to east these are: the West Laptev and South Laptev rift basins, Ust' Lena Rift, East Laptev and Stolbovoi horsts, Bel'kov-Svyatoi Nos and Anisin rifts. The central and eastern parts of the shelf have the greatest contrasts in the gravity field ranging from −60 mGal over the rifts to 50 mGal over the horsts. The rifts contain up to five seismic stratigraphic units bounded by clear regional reflectors and underlain by folded heterogeneous basement. They are suggested to be Late Cretaceous to Holocene in age and reflect different stages of spreading ridge/continental margin interaction. The estimated total thickness of the rift-related sediments varies between 4 and 8–10 km while the sedimentary cover on the uplifts is significantly reduced and generally does not exceed 1–2 km. An eastward decrease of the total thickness of the sedimentary sections from about 10 km in the South Laptev Basin to 4–5 km in the Bel'kov-Svyatoi Nos Rift and the simplicity of the entire rift structure may indicate a rejuvenation of the rifts in the same direction. The entire rift system is covered by the uppermost seismic unit, which probably reflects a deceleration of the rifting during the last reorganization of the North American/Eurasian plate interaction since about 2 Ma.
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  • 74
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    E-MORB glasses from the Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean) at 87°N: evidence for the Earth's most northerly volcanic activity (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 152 (1-4). pp. 1-9.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-14
    Beschreibung: During the ARCTIC '91 expedition aboard RV Polarstern (ARK VIII/3) to the Central Arctic Ocean, a box corer sample on the Gakkel Ridge at 87 degrees N and 60 degrees E yielded a layer of sand-sized, dark brown volcanic glass shards at the surface of the sediment core. These shards have been investigated by petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and radiogenic isotope methods. The nearly vesicle-free and aphyric glass shards bear only minute microphenocrysts of magnesiochromite and olivine (Fo(88-89)). Most glasses are fresh, although some show signs of incipient low-temperature alteration. From their shapes and sizes, the glass shards most likely formed by spalling of glassy rinds of a nearby volcanic outcrop. Geochemically, the glasses are relatively unfractionated tholeiites with E-MORB trace element compositions. Thus, they are quite similar to the previously investigated ARK IV/3-11-370-5 basalts from 86 degrees N. The Nd and Sr isotopic ratios of PS 2167-2 glasses are significantly lower than for ARK IV/3-11-370-5 basalts and suggest an isotopically heterogeneous mantle source of Gakkel Ridge MORE between 86 degrees and 87 degrees N. The positive Delta-8/4 Pb value (similar to 16) and high Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio (0.70270), found for PS 2167-2 glasses are similar to that of ARK IV/3-11-370-5 basalts and show the influence of the DUPAL isotopic anomaly in the high Arctic mantle. These results argue against the presence of an 'anti-DUPAL anomaly' in the mantle below the North Pole region and simple models of whole-mantle convection.
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  • 75
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    Cold anticyclonic eddies formed from cold pool water in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 17 (15). pp. 1839-1867.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-21
    Beschreibung: AVHRR satellite imagery of the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight during May 1993 revealed a large area of cold water over the shelf break and slope that appeared to spin up into a series of southward propagating anticyclonic eddies. The eddies had diameters of 35–45 km at the surface and moved southward at about 20 cm/sec. A radial TOYO CTD (to 50m) and ADCP velocity (to 400m) transect was conducted across the southern-most of these eddies. The upper 50 meters had minimum temperatures of less than 7°C and salinities of about 33 pss, characteristics similar to cold pool waters usually found over the continental shelf. ADCP velocity data from one of the eddies revealed anticyclonic flow extending to a depth of about 250m. The transport of cold pool water by the eddies was estimated to be 0.1 to 0.2 Sv which is of the same order as the annual mean alongshore transport of shelf water in this region. The origin of the deeper water within the eddy is unlikely to be the continental shelf because the shelf break is less than 100 m. The depth and velocity profiles along the TOYO transect were consistent with the constant potential vorticity eddy model of Flierl (1979) although the source of the eddy kinetic energy is uncertain. The cause for the exodus of cold pool water from the shelf, which extended northward to at least 38°N, is unclear but must involve the establishment of an alongshore baroclinic pressure gradient against the usual southwestward shelf flow. It is possible that the intrusion of Gulf Stream waters onto the shelf near Cape Hatteras was a precursor of this off shelf transport. The southern-most eddy was marked by high biological productivity and very high oxygen supersaturation. The phytoplankton bloom detected within the exported cold pool water, located over the continental slope, suggests a mechanism whereby production fueled by nutrients derived from the shelf can be locally exported into deep water
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  • 76
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    Nd- and Pb- isotope time series from Atlantic ferromanganese crusts: Implications for changes in provenance and paleocirculation over the last 8 Myr (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 173 . pp. 381-396.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-15
    Beschreibung: High-resolution Nd- and Pb-isotope time series for the last 8 Myr are reported for four Atlantic ferromanganese crusts, dated by 10Be/9Be chronology. These are compared to new high-resolution and high-precision Pb-isotope time series and recently published Nd-isotope time series for two previously studied crusts from the NW Atlantic Ocean. These records allow a more detailed examination of Atlantic deepwater variability over the time period of intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG). Changes in the Pb-isotope time series started after 3 Ma, but were most dramatic over the last 1.8 Myr, coinciding with changes of Pb-isotopes in the Arctic Ocean. This latter change post-dates the intensification of NHG at 3.1 to 2.5 Ma and reflects an increase in the input of material eroded from the Archean Shield of Canada and Greenland. Shifts in Nd- and Pb-isotope compositions in a crust from the Blake Plateau occur before ∼5 Ma and most prominent at ∼8 Ma suggest that water masses from either the Pacific or Southern Ocean influenced the isotope composition of this crust. The relatively high εNd values around 8 Ma recorded by the Blake Plateau crust are explained by a contribution of eastward flowing Pacific water through the Panama Gateway into the Caribbean Sea. This high εNd signal decreased between 8 and 5 Ma suggesting that the supply of Pacific water into the Caribbean became restricted. This is earlier than the Caribbean seawater salinity increase at 4.2 Ma deduced from δ18O data, and may indicate that there was only a surface water connection between the Caribbean and Pacific between ∼5 and 4.2 Ma. The closure of the Panama Gateway to intermediate and deep water exchange (〉200 m depth) apparently occurred much earlier than the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation at 3.1–2.5 Ma, and cannot therefore have been a direct cause of this climatic change, but may, as recently argued, only have been a necessary precondition
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  • 77
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    Gas hydrate destabilization: enhanced dewatering, benthic material turnover and large methane plumes at the Cascadia convergent margin (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 170 . pp. 1-15.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-29
    Beschreibung: Mixed methane–sulfide hydrates and carbonates are exposed as a pavement at the seafloor along the crest of one of the accretionary ridges of the Cascadia convergent margin. Vent fields from which methane-charged, low-salinity fluids containing sulfide, ammonia, 4He, and isotopically light CO2 escape are associated with these exposures. They characterize a newly recognized mechanism of dewatering at convergent margins, where freshening of pore waters from hydrate destabilization at depth and free gas drives fluids upward. This process augments the convergence-generated overpressure and leads to local dewatering rates that are much higher than at other margins in the absence of hydrate. Discharge of fluids stimulates benthic oxygen consumption which is orders of magnitude higher than is normally found at comparable ocean depths. The enhanced turnover results from the oxidation of methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia by vent biota. The injection of hydrate methane from the ridge generates a plume hundreds of meters high and several kilometers wide. A large fraction of the methane is oxidized within the water column and generates δ13C anomalies of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool.
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  • 78
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    Variability of dissolved and particulate trace metals in the Kiel and Mecklenburg Bights of the Baltic Sea, 1990-1992 (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 37 (2). pp. 112-122.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-05
    Beschreibung: Water samples from surface and bottom waters of two bights of the Baltic Sea were analysed for dissolved and/or particulate concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, in addition to the main oceanographic variables, at 27 stations during six cruises between February 1990 and July 1992. The metal values show distinct regional differences, with maximum concentrations at the near-shore stations, The levels of total Hg exhibit a significant negative relationship with salinity. In surface layers, seasonal differences due to biogenic uptake of elements could not be detected for any of the dissolved metals. In bottom waters, however, summer-time concentrations of a number of metals are in clear excess of winter levels either due to diffusion of metals (Go, Fe, Mn) from the sediments under low-oxygen or anaerobic conditions, or due to mineralization processes (Cd, Zn) of recently sedimented biogenic particulates. With the exception of Fe and Pb, the particulate fractions are of minor importance, with slight variabilities between the seasons only. The K-D values (ratio between metal concentrations in the particulate and dissolved fractions) decrease by more than two orders of magnitude in the order Fe-Pb-Mn-Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Ni. Finally, the results are discussed with regard to a trace metal monitoring programme in the area.
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  • 79
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    Seasonal variability of the long-chain alkenone flux and the effect on the U37k'-index in the Norwegian Sea (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Organic Geochemistry, 28 . pp. 311-323.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-27
    Beschreibung: A seasonally-varying sedimentation pattern was observed for the alkenone flux measured with sediment traps in the northern North Atlantic. In the Norwegian Sea (traps were set at 500, 1000 and 3000 m) the alkenone flux varied between 0.1 and 7.1 μg m−2 d−1 and followed the seasonal pattern of the bulk parameters. Maximum fluxes occurred from mid-October until mid-November and were also high in May. A surprising result was that considerably higher particle fluxes were observed at 3000 m. For the alkenone flux, the highest additional input of 250% was observed during the period when sediment resuspension was greatest in summer. At the Barents Sea continental margin (traps at 1840 and 1950 m) the alkenone fluxes follow the sedimentation pattern of the bulk parameters, with a less visible signal of distinct seasonality observed in the 1950 m trap. The sedimentation of total alkenones varied between 0.8 and 144 μg m−2 d−1 at 1840 m and between 0.5 and 31.0 μg m−2 d−1 at 1950 m. Resuspension and lateral advection contributed significantly to measured fluxes in the two near-bottom traps. Alkenone concentrations were determined in faecal pellets of Appendicularia, ostracods and euphausids from selected samples at the Barents Sea site. The alkenone flux in pellets (4% to 24% of total) was 5 to 6 times higher at 1950 m depth than at 1840 m and the major part (77–78%) of the total flux of C37:3 reaching the near-bottom trap at 1950 m was associated with faecal pellets of the meso-zooplankton. Spatial and temporal variations of the U37k′ signals were observed, indicating that the imprint in the alkenone signal depends on the origin and transport pathway of the organic material. Strong deviations occur in areas where nepheloid layers contribute particles of long residence times to the primary flux.
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  • 80
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    At-sea intercomparison of two newly designed underway pCO2 systems - Encouraging results (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 52 . pp. 133-145.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-18
    Beschreibung: Two newly designed underway systems for the measurement of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in seawater and the atmosphere are described. Results of an intercomparison experiment carried out in the North Sea are presented. A remarkable agreement between the two simultaneously measured (pCO2) data sets was observed even though the spatial variability in surface pCO2 was high. The average difference of all l -min averages of the seawater pCO2 was as low as 0.15 μatm with a standard deviation of 1.2 μatm indicating that no systematic difference is present. A closer examination of the profiles shows that differences tend to be highest during maxima of the pCO2 gradient (up to 14 μatm/min). The time constants of both systems were estimated from laboratory experiments to 45 s, respectively, 75 s thus quantitatively underlining their capability of a fast response to pCO2 changes
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  • 81
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    Mass aggregation of diatom blooms: Insights from a mesocosm study (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 42 . pp. 9-27.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-21
    Beschreibung: While the aggregation and mass settlement of diatoms at the termination of blooms results in significant export of carbon from the surface ocean, the mechanisms of bloom aggregation have been poorly understood. The aggregation of a multispecies diatom bloom was investigated under controlled conditions in a 1200 liter, nutrient-enriched, laboratory mesocosm in order to elucidate the parameters sufficient to accurately predict bloom aggregation. A diverse bloom of diatoms dominated by several species of Chaetoceros and Thalassiosira progressed through a classic pattern of exponential, stationary, and senescent phases in the mesocosm. Aggregates larger than 0.5 mm became detectable on the eighth day after inoculation, and aggregates 〉1 mm increased exponentially from Day 10 onward producing the appearance of a mass aggregation event late on Day 10. The bloom aggregated sequentially with Thalassiosira dominating early aggregates and Chaetoceros dominating later ones. Chaetoceros resting spores formed only in aggregates. Aggregation was not linked to nutrient depletion or to the physiological state of the cells since the onset of aggregation and the mass aggregation event occurred 1 to 3 days prior to nutrient depletion and while carbon:nitrogen ratios of cells were still very low and growth rates high. Moreover, visible aggregates did not form in the mesocosm until cell abundances were considerably higher than abundances observed to aggregate in nature, suggesting that aggregation was not strongly linked to phytoplankton cell concentration. Complementary studies in this volume clarify the role of non-phytoplankton particles in aggregation of the mesocosm bloom. The mesocosm approach proved highly effective in producing an aggregating diatom bloom under controlled conditions.
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  • 82
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    Porin from the halophilic species Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata: cloning, structure of the gene and comparison with other porins (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Gene, 191 . pp. 225-232.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-22
    Beschreibung: The gene coding for the anion-specific porin of the halophilic eubacterium Ectothiorhodospira (Ect.) vacuolata was cloned and sequenced, the first such gene so analyzed from a purple sulfur bacterium. It encodes a precursor protein consisting of 374 amino acid (aa)-residues including a signal peptide of 22-aa residues. Comparison with aa sequences of porins from several other members of the Proteobacteria revealed little homology. Only two regions showed local homology with the previously sequenced porins of Neisseria species, Comamonas acidovorans, Bordetella pertussis, Alcaligenes eutrophus, and Burkholderia cepacia. Genomic Southern blot hybridization studies were carried out with a probe derived from the 5′ end of the gene coding for the porin of Ect. vacuolata. Two related species, Ect. haloalkaliphila and Ect. shaposhnikovii, exhibited a clear signal, while the extremely halophilic bacterium Halorhodospira (Hlr.) halophila (formerly Ect. halophila) did not show any cross-hybridization even at low stringency. This result is in good accordance with a recently proposed reassignment within the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae, which included the separation of the extremely halophilic species into the new genus Halorhodospira.
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  • 83
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    A method to determine the ages of water mass contributions in a mixture of water masses, based on nutrient and tracer data (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ocean Modelling, 108 . pp. 7-10.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-14
    Beschreibung: This note describes a method for the determination of the age of individual water mass contributions in a mixture of water masses. The method is based on a combination of Optimum Multi parameter analysis and CFC analysis. Synthetic data designed to mirror the situation in the permanent thermocline of the eastern Indian Ocean are used to demonstrate the method. The feasibility of applications to oceanic data is discussed.
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  • 84
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    Direct measurement of Ar diffusion profiles in a gem-quality Madagascar K-feldspar using the ultra-violet laser ablation microprobe (UVLAMP) (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 170 (1-2). pp. 141-153.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-24
    Beschreibung: Controversy surrounding the mechanisms and controls on argon diffusion in K-feldspar has led us to undertake direct diffusion measurements on a crystal with simple microtextures, over a range of temperatures. Measurements of argon diffusion profiles in a gem-quality iron-rich orthoclase heated in a cold seal apparatus, have been undertaken in situ using an ultra-violet laser ablation microprobe (UVLAMP) technique. The results agree very closely with the previously determined bulk values for Benson Mines orthoclase (activation energy ( E)=43.8±1 kcal mol -1) and vacuum furnace cycle-heating studies of K-feldspars ( E=46±6 kcal mol -1). However, instead of defining a single activation energy ( E) and diffusion coefficient ( Do), the data yield two sets of parameters: a low-temperature (550-720°C) array with an E of 47.2±2.5 kcal mol -1 (198.2±10.5 kJ mol -1) and a Do of 0.0374 +0.1123-0.0281 cm 2 s -1, and a high-temperature (725-1019°C) array with an E of 63.8±3.4 kcal mol -1 (268.0±14.3 kJ mol -1) and a Do of 55.0 +225.5-44.2 cm 2 s -1. The new results closely reproduce two sets of apparent activation energies previously measured in cycle-heating studies of Madagascar K-feldspar (40±3 and 57±3 kcal mol -1). Previous interpretations of the two arrays have included multiple domains with variable activation energies and fast track diffusion. However, the UV depth profile analyses indicate simple diffusion to the grain surface and importantly, diffusion radii calculated by combining the UVLAMP and cycle-heating data, are the same as the physical grain sizes used in the experiments, around 1 mm. Vacuum furnace stepped heating experiments on slowly cooled K-feldspars have been interpreted as showing diffusion radii of around 6 μm and indicate complex populations of sub-grains. This study indicates that Madagascar K-feldspar and thus probably all gem-quality K-feldspars act as single diffusion domains and that short-circuit (or pipe) diffusion was not an important loss mechanism. An apparent diffusion compensation relationship in the stepped heating data for Madagascar K-feldspar implies that similar relationships seen in other K-feldspars are a result of a range of diffusion mechanisms.
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  • 85
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    Late Eocene-Oligocene paleoceanography in the southern Indian Ocean (ODP Site 744) (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 130 (1-2). pp. 99-119.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-12
    Beschreibung: The late Eocene through Oligocene changes in the paleoceanography of the southernmost Indian Ocean have been reconstructed by means of a coarse fraction analysis of closely spaced samples (20 cm = about 20 kyr) from ODP Site 744, Kerguelen Plateau. Surface water productivity, reconstructed from accumulation rates of opal skeletons and benthic foraminifers is low in the early late Eocene, increases at about 36 Ma and shows a sharp increase to maximum values in the earliest Oligocene. In the early late Oligocene it decreases gradually to a minimum and increases again to a maximum in the latest Oligocene. Beside this general trend productivity varies in short-term cycles of a duration of about 400 kyr (340 kyr in the latest Oligocene) with maxima in productivity in warmer Oligocene periods. These productivity variations are reflected by strong variations in carbonate dissolution. Changes in bottom water mass chemistry have been deduced from the degree of carbonate dissolution and it's relation to productivity proxies. Following Kennett and Stott (1990), it is suggested that a proto-antarctic bottom water (proto-AABW) and an overlying warm, saline deep water (WSDW) from low latitudes shifted vertically and latitudinally with time and exerted their influence on the sediments of Site 744. Proto-AABW is detected by means of strong carbonate dissolution when productivity is low. WSDW is detected by means of an excellent carbonate preservation despite high productivity. Terrigenous material occurs as very coarse ice-rafted detritus (IRD) in the late Eocene (167–168.5 mbsf) and after a main shift in oxygen isotopes in the early Oligocene. Very low amounts of 40–125 μm sized mica and very few quartz grains occur only in high productivity periods and at the transition from low to high productivity periods. These occurrences are attributed to wind/current supply during warmer Oligocene intervals.
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  • 86
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    The Growth and Decay of the Late Weichselian Ice Sheet in Western Svalbard and Adjacent Areas Based on Provenance Studies of Marine Sediments (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 44 (3). pp. 303-316.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-08
    Beschreibung: The history of the Late Weichselian northwestern Barents Shelf, including western Svalbard, has been investigated by provenance/sedimentologist studies of five cores from the continental shelf and slope west of Svalbard. The chronostratigraphy of the cores is based on AMS 14C dates and oxygen isotope analyses. Interpretations of the cores suggest that the ice sheets of western Svalbard and northwestern Barents Sea experienced advances and retreats in two steps. The first significant ice advance beyond the present coastline occurred ca. 22,000 14C yr B.P. and was followed by an ice advance to the shelf edge ca. 18,000 14C yr B.P. Ice recession from the outer shelf and the southwestern Barents Sea began 14,800 14C yr B.P. and was followed by a second ice recession between 13,000 and 12,000 14 C yr B.P. during which ice withdrew from the inner shelf. A minor readvance of the ice sheet on the shelf west of Svalbard occurred close to 12,400 14C yr B.P. The first deglaciation event was associated with release of icebergs containing ice-rafted detritus, while the later episode also included significant amounts of meltwater and fine-grained sediment.
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  • 87
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    Monitoring Termination II at high latitude: anomalies in the planktic foraminiferal record (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 131 (1-2). pp. 89-102.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-23
    Beschreibung: Microfaunal studies of planktic foraminifera carried out on 21 sediment cores from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (NGS) reveal the spatial and lateral distribution as well as meltwater implication of today's non-polar/subpolar species Beella megastoma (Earland). Previous findings are verified in that this foraminifera is characteristic only of the deglaciation phases of Termination II, III, and VI and not the ensuing interglacial optima, thus, rendering this species a ‘meltwater’ indicator. Its distribution is restricted to cores from the central, i.e., more ‘pelagic’, part of the NGS covering an area as far north as 77 ° latitude. A detailed investigation of Termination II indicates that B. megastoma first appeared in the southwest of the NGS at ~131 ka and then about 6 kyr later in the eastern and northern parts of the NGS. For the entire duration B. megastoma always coincided with the deposition of distinct ice-rafted detritus (IRD) suggesting the presence of drifting icebergs during this period. Two different oceanographic models, each with a two-stepped evolution of the post-Saalian surface water circulation, are proposed to account for this time transgressive character. The mechanism of brine formation as possible oceanic phenomenon forcing Atlantic water northwards is suggested for being responsible for the occurrence of B. megastoma in the NGS during early Termination II. The presence of B. megastoma always ceased with the culmination of the interglacial optimum, oxygen isotopic Substage 5.51 (Eemian), when the subpolar foraminiferal fauna reached highest abundances and a general lack of IRD is observed.
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    Surface water changes in the Norwegian Sea during last deglacial and Holocene times (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 16 (10). pp. 1115-1124.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-19
    Beschreibung: Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of the polar planktic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral from sediment cores of the Norwegian Sea reveal several anomalous 13C and δ18O depletions in the surface water during the last glacial to interglacial transition and during the later Holocene. The depletions that are observed between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the end of the main deglacial phase were caused by massive releases of freshwater from thawing icebergs, which consequently resulted in a stratification of the uppermost surface water layer and a non-equilibrium between the water below and the atmosphere. At ~8.5 ka (14C BP) this strong iceberg melting activity ceased as defined by the cessation of the deposition of ice-rafted detritus. After this time, the dominant polar and subpolar planktic foraminiferal species rapidly increased in numbers. However, this post-deglacial evolution towards a modern-type oceanographic environment was interupted by a hitherto undescribed isotopic event (~7–8 ka) which, on a regional scale, is only identified in eastern Norwegian Sea surface water. This event may be associated with the final pulse of glacier meltwater release from Fennoscandia, which affected the onset of intensified coastal surface water circulation off Norway during a time of regional sea-level rise. All these data indicate that surface water changes are an integral part of deglacial processes in general. Yet, the youngest observed change noted around 3 ka gives evidence that such events with similar effects occur even during the later Holocene when from a climatic point of view relativelystable conditions prevailed.
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  • 89
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    Linking physical property records of Quaternary sediments to Heinrich events (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 131 (1-2). pp. 57-73.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-23
    Beschreibung: Ice rafted debris in high latitude ocean sediments represent a complex record of the changing paleoenvironment of the oceans and, in particular, of the growth and decay of ice sheets along the margins of high latitudes. Physical properties measured on sediment cores taken from the Rockall Plateau were examined to determine the distribution of ice rafted debris layers and Heinrich events in the northeastern North Atlantic. These sediment core records may provide one of the keys to reconstruct the iceberg flow between the northeastern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and Gamma Ray Attenuation Porosity Evaluator (GRAPE) density changes of these cores revealed that since about 65 ka, dropstone layers are recorded in both MS and GRAPE data of Rockall Plateau sediments. Rockall Plateau sediments show peaks in physical properties that correlate with Heinrich events (H1, H2, H4, H5, H6). Heinrich layer 3 was not observed. The stratigraphy and physical properties represent the Heinrich layers: H1 = 14–15 ka (MS = 52 μcgs, ϱ = 1.64 g/cm3), H2 = 23 ka (MS = 64 μcgs, ϱ = 1.8 g/cm3), H4 = 41 ka (MS = 53 μcgs, ϱ = 1.75 g/cm3), H5 = 50 ka (MS = 53 μcgs, ϱ = 1.75 g/cm3), H6 = 64 ka (MS = 100 μcgs, ϱ = 1.69 g/cm3). Heinrich events at Rockall Plateau sites point to a northward flow of icebergs in the northeastern Atlantic which may indicate a flow pattern to regions north of 54 °N.
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  • 90
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    40Ar/39Ar ages of sanidine phenocrysts from Laacher See Tephra (12,900 yr BP): Chronostratigraphic and petrological significance (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 133 (1-2). pp. 163-174.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-14
    Beschreibung: Single crystal ages of sanidine phenocrysts from pumice lapilli of the Late Glacial phonolitic Laacher See Tephra (East Eifel Volcanic Field, FRG) are determined by laser probe 40Ar/ 39Ar analysis. Sanidine megacrysts from the East and West Eifel (SAN6001, 410.4 ± 0.9 kyr; SAN6165, 469.8 ± 1.1 kyr) are applied as irradiation monitors, and their potential as Quaternary interlaboratory single crystal standards assessed. The apparent ages of Laacher See sanidine phenocrysts range from 6.4 ± 3.8 kyr to 127 ± 2 kyr (1σ), comprising up to four distinct subpopulations of crystals with individual ages, weighted mean apparent ages or isochron ages of 127 kyr, 55 kyr, 25 kyr and 12.9 kyr. The Laacher See Tephra 40Ar/ 39Ar eruption age is estimated as 12,900 ± 560 yr BP. Older crystals are interpreted as remnants of three earlier magma emplacement and crystallization events in the Laacher See magma system. These recycled, older crystals make up ca. 20% of the apparent juvenile sanidine phenocryst population in the essential phonolite clasts studied.
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  • 91
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    High-resolution stratigraphy and the response of biota to Late Cenozoic environmental changes in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean (Manihiki Plateau) (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 125 (1-2). pp. 29-59.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-02
    Beschreibung: An undisturbed 16 m late Pliocene-Pleistocene sediment core spanning 2.6 Myr of deposition was recovered from the Manihiki Plateau by the German research vessel Sonne in 1990. This core 34KL complements the heavily disturbed late Pliocene-Pleistocene core sections of DSDP Site 317, and is well suited for stratigraphic correlation. The sediments consist of calcareous microfossils (93–97% CaCO3), minor portions of siliceous microfossils and detrital minerals. All important calcareous microfossil zones could be identified and correlated with the magnetostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic events, stages and periods. Due to the high degree of silica dissolution, the late Quaternary radiolarian Buccinosphaera invaginata Zone is the only siliceous fossil zone which could be identified. An interval with Globigerinoides gomitulus/pink was found within the middle Pleistocene which is clearly distinguished from the Globigerinoides ruber/pink interval of the late Pleistocene. The magnetostratigraphic Gauss-Matuyama and Matuyama-Brunhes boundaries as well as the Olduvai and Jaramillo events were clearly identified. The δ180 curve displays the 100 kyr (Milankovitch) and the 41 kyr (Laplace) cyclicity periods. The beginning of the Laplace Period and the last occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Discoaster brouweri, which marks the end of the Pliocene, fall within the base of the Olduvai Event. There is also a marked drop in sedimentation rates around this time, which seems to be a regional phenomenon. Prominent 3.5 kHz subbottom reflectors at 8 ms and 15 ms reflection time are related to lithologic changes near the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (MPR) and the beginning of the Laplace Period or the Pleistocene, respectively. It is possible to trace these reflectors laterally to the eroded eastern edge of the Manihiki Plateau where they can be tied to older strata.
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  • 92
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    Spicule Pseudomorphs in Upper Triassic (Norian) Chaetetid Sponges from the Western Taurids (Antalya-Region, SW Turkey) - Spicules pseudomorphes chez des éponges chaetétides du Trias Supérieur(Norien) des Taurides Occidentales (Région d'Antalya, Turquie) (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geobios, 28 (2). pp. 163-174.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-20
    Beschreibung: Four spicule-bearing chaetetid sponges are described from Upper Triassic (Norian) reef carbonates of the WesternTaurids (Antalya-Region, SW Turkey): Atrochaetetes alakirensisCuif & Fischer, Blastochaetetes dolomiticusBizzarini & Braga, Ptychochaetetes sp. and ?Bauneia sp.. Spicules are preserved as calcitic pseudomorphs. They are either short and thick or long and slender, corresponding to typical styles; oxes are rarely present in Atrochaetetes alakirensis. The styles are mainly embedded in the secondary rigid skeleton, but their rounded ends appear to be attached to the primary wall. In Blastochaetetes dolomiticus and ?Bauneia sp. styles are also embedded in the primary wall. A comparison of these spicule-skeletons with those of other chaetetids, especially Paleozoic species, confirms the polyphyletic origin of the Taxon Chaetetida.
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  • 93
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    The Laptev Sea flaw lead - detailed investigation on ice formation and export during 1991/1992 winter season (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Cold Regions Science and Technology, 27 (3). pp. 225-243.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-11
    Beschreibung: The main objective of this research paper is to estimate the new-ice production in the Laptev Sea flaw lead during the 1991/1992 winter season. A one-dimensional energy balance model was applied to calculate ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux and the resulting new-ice formation over open water. For a detailed estimate of regional ice production, the flaw lead was divided into 14 sections based on the analysis of NOAA-satellite images and Russian ice charts. Opening and maintenance of the lead sections are controlled by offshore winds, whereas closing of open water is caused by onshore winds. Since the orientation of the lead varies from section to section, the same regional wind forcing can cause different local lead behavior. Model results reveal that the seasonally accumulated thickness of new ice formed in the different lead sections—under the assumption of instantaneous lateral new-ice removal from the water surface—varies from 1.3 m to 13 m over temporarily open water and may reach 20 m over permanently open water. The corresponding ice volume produced in the sections varies between 3.4 km3 and 59 km3 and amounts to 258 km3 for the entire lead. The significant regional variations in new-ice production are due to differences in (i) the number of days that a lead section is open (open-lead days), (ii) the oceanic heat loss during open-lead days, and (iii) the areal extent of the lead sections. As compared to other studies,—at least during 1991/1992 winter season—the Laptev Sea flaw lead produced between 28 and 617% more initial sea ice than the Kara, Barents, East Siberian and Chukchi leads. Despite its limited areal extent of roughly 36,000 km2, which represents only 8% of the entire Laptev Sea, the flaw lead produces about 32% of the annual shelf ice. The ice production in the flaw lead is 5.3 times higher than the remainder of the shelf (7.4 m vs. 1.4 m). Furthermore, the Laptev Sea flaw lead produces 2.6% of the ice annually formed the entire Arctic Mediterranean Sea and contributes about 9% to the volume of the Siberian branch of the Transpolar Drift Ice System. This makes the Laptev Sea flaw lead a significant producer of Arctic sea ice on local and regional scales, whereas the contribution of lead ice to the entire volume of annually formed pack in high northern latitudes amounts only to roughly 1.3%.
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  • 94
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    Evidence for a steeper Eemian than Holocene sea surface temperature gradient between Arctic and sub-Arctic regions (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 145 (1-3). pp. 95-117.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Sediment proxy data from the Norwegian, Greenland, and Iceland seas (Nordic seas) are presented to evaluate surface water temperature (SST) differences between Holocene and Eemian times and to deduce from these data the particular mode of surface water circulation. Records from planktic foraminiferal assemblages, CaCO3 content, oxygen isotopes of foraminifera, and iceberg-rafted debris form the main basis of interpretation. All results indicate for the Eemian comparatively cooler northern Nordic seas than for the Holocene due to a reduction in the northwardly flow of Atlantic surface water towards Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, the cold polar water flow from the Arctic Ocean was less influencial in the southwestern Nordic seas during this time. As can be further deduced from the Eemian data, slightly higher Eemian SSTs are interpreted for the western Iceland Sea compared to the Norwegian Sea (ca. south of 70°N). This Eemian situation is in contrast to the Holocene when the main mass of warmest Atlantic surface water flows along the Norwegian continental margin northwards and into the Arctic Ocean. Thus, a moderate northwardly decrease in SST is observed in the eastern Nordic seas for this time, causing a meridional transfer in ocean heat. Due to this distribution in SSTs the Holocene is dominated by a meridional circulation pattern. The interpretation of the Eemian data imply a dominantly zonal surface water circulation with a steep meridional gradient in SSTs.
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    Determination of nitrate in the blood of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila using a bacterial nitrate reduction assay (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 45 (12). pp. 2189-2200.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-27
    Beschreibung: The vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila derives most or all of its nutrition from intracellular chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts. Because purified preparations of symbionts respire nitrate, possibly nitrite, and oxygen, host transport of nitrate is a topic of interest. In the present study, we have developed a nitrate detection assay that utilizes a nitrite reductase-deficient Escherichia coli strain for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, which is then determined spectrophotometrically. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured in the blood and coelomic fluids of R. pachyptila collected from hydrothermal vent sites at 9°N and 13°N. The blood was shown to have nitrate concentrations up to one hundred times that of ambient sea water (40 μM). Blood nitrate levels reached concentrations of 〉1 mM, while nitrite was measured in the range of 400–700 μM. The concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in the coelomic fluids were 150–240 μM and 〈20 μM, respectively. The nitrate determination technique we present here is simple, applicable for laboratory and shipboard use on sea water or biological fluids, and works reliably within the 0.5 to 2000 μM range.
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  • 96
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    Comparison of techniques for the removal of particulate material from seaweed tissue (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Environmental Research, 45 (3). pp. 295-307.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-30
    Beschreibung: Eight techniques for cleaning particulate material and epibionts from the tissue of Fucus vesiculosus were tested on seaweed collected from a metal-contaminated estuary in the southwest of England. When assessed by scanning electron microscopy, only one was found to have efficiently removed the particulate material on the tissue. This technique consisted of applying a 1:9 ethanol:seawater mixture to the surface of the thallus, and scraping with a PTFE spatula. Analysis of Cu, As, Fe, Mn, and Zn content in the tissues cleaned by this technique showed that, in this case, only Fe concentrations decreased significantly when compared to tissue cleaned by rinsing in seawater only. The study is the first to systematically assess cleaning techniques for marine macroalgae and illustrates the need for standard methods for the sampling and analysis of seaweed tissue
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  • 97
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    Variability in the speciation of iron in the northern North Sea (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 59 (3-4). pp. 283-300.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-30
    Beschreibung: Variations in the speciation of iron in the northern North Sea were investigated in an area covering at least two different water masses and an algal bloom, using a combination of techniques. Catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry was used to measure the concentrations of reactive iron (FeR) and total iron (FeT) in unfiltered samples, while dissolved iron (FeD) was measured by GFAAS after extraction of filtered sea water. FeR was defined by the amount of iron that complexed with 20 μM 1-nitroso-2-napthol (NN) at pH 6.9. FeT was determined after UV-digestion at pH 2.4. Concentrations of natural organic iron complexing ligands and values for conditional stability constants, were determined in unfiltered samples by titration. Mean concentrations of 1.3 nM for FeR, 10.0 nM for FeT and 1.7 nM for FeD were obtained for the area sampled. FeR concentrations increased towards the south of the area investigated, as a result of the increased influence of continental run off. FeR concentrations were found to be enhanced below the nutricline (below ∼40 m) as a result of the remineralisation of organic material. Enhanced levels of FeT were observed in some surface samples and in samples collected below 30 m at stations in the south of the area studied, thought to be a result of high concentrations of biogenic particulate material and the resuspended sediments respectively. FeD concentrations varied between values similar to those of FeT in samples from the north of the area to values similar to those of FeR in the south. The bloom was thought to have influenced the distribution of both FeR and FeT, but less evidence was observed for any influence on FeR and FeD. The concentration of organic complexing ligands, which could possibly include a contribution from adsorption sites on particulate material, increased slightly in the bloom area and in North Sea waters. Iron was found to be fully (99.9%) complexed by the organic complexing ligands at a pH of 6.9 and largely complexed (82–96%) at pH 8. The ligands were almost saturated with iron suggesting that the ligand concentration could limit the concentration of iron occurring as dissolved species.
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  • 98
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    Constituents of Ajuga Laxmanii (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fitoterapia, 69 (6). p. 552.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-07
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  • 99
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    Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of benthic foraminifera in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 10 (1-4). pp. 445-465.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-26
    Beschreibung: Abundance, biofacies and ATP content of benthic foraminifera (〉63 μm) were studied in the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya (77–81°N, 5–17°W) over the ice-free summer, 1993, to investigate how a polynya system might influence the underlying benthic community. In the living assemblage, distinguished by Rose Bengal staining, over 60 taxa could be identified. The biofacies identified was similar to that of other Arctic shelf habitats. Foraminifera were counted in 3 size fractions (63–125 μm, 125–250 μm and 〉250 μm), with 65% of the foraminifera occurring in the smallest size fraction (63–125 μm). Total abundances (〉63 μm) in the uppermost 1 cm averaged approximately 200 ind/10 cm3 and declined down-core, as did the number of species. Abundances and species composition correlated positively with sediment chlorophyll and ATP content, with maxima occurring in the shallower northern regions of the polynya, suggesting a general dependence on food. Foraminera biomass was estimated to be 0.1-0.3 g Corg/m2. Abundances, biomass and ATP content were comparable to ice-free, deep-sea regions in the Norwegian Sea. Temporal changes observed over a 2 month period at one location were difficult to distinguish from spatial and analytical variability. Contrary to expectations, growth was unpronounced at the community and at a species level, implying either a delayed response of the benthic foraminiferal community to food inputs from the overlying water column or the presence of biological limitations other than food, such as predation.
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    Reply to comment of Lars Forsström on "Reflection of Scandinavian ice sheet fluctuations in Norwegian Sea Sediments during the Past 150,000 Years" by Karl-Heinz Baumann, Klas S. Lackschewitz, Jan Mangerud, Robert F. Spielhagen, Thomas C. W. Wolf-Welling, Rüdiger Henrich, and Heidemarie Kassens (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 46 . pp. 86-87.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-23
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