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  • Other Sources  (759)
  • Elsevier  (421)
  • Springer  (335)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999  (461)
  • 1990-1994  (298)
  • 1940-1944
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    The geomorphology and sedimentology of the July 9th 1956 Aegean Sea tsunami (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology (Internat. J. of Marine Geol., Geochem. and Geophys.), Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 83-96, pp. 2486, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Geol. aspects
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Analysis of Observed Chaotic Data (1996)
    Springer
    In:  Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Textbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Textbook of geophysics ; Chaotic behaviour
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    The Vibroseis Source (1990)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 3, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Vibroseis
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Shallow High-Resolution Reflection Seismics (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 404 pp., Elsevier, vol. 19, pp. 503, (ISBN 0121341305)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Reflection seismics ; Handbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Urban Disaster Mitigation - The Role of Engineering and Technology (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Oxford, xxii+320 pp., 1st ed., Elsevier, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 0-8493-0068-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Recurrence of earthquakes ; Statistical investigations ; Strong motions ; Taiwan ; SAF ; bridges ; landslides ; floods ; socio-economic ; impact
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Continental Deformation (1994)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 432 pp., Elsevier, vol. 167, no. XVI:, pp. 385-389, (ISBN 1-56670-263-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: 93.1060 ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Textbook of geophysics ; Plate tectonics ; Fracture ; Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Rheology ; Stress ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; salt
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Amsterdam, 394 pp., Springer, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN: 0-387-30752-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Description: Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Geodesy ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Applied geophysics ; PlanetologyT
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  • 8
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    Foundations of Synergetics I: Distributed Active Systems (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN 0-13-393505-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Chaotic behaviour
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Structural Geology and Personal Computers (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, 546 pp., Elsevier, vol. 15, no. 85, pp. 585, (ISBN 0080424309)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Description: This book will help structural geologists keep abreast of rapid changes in work practices resulting from the personal computer revolution. I Computer-Aided Learning; II Microstructural Analysis; III Analysis of Orientation Data; IV Strain and Kinematic Analysis; V Mathematical and Physical Modeling; VI Structural Mapping and GIS. ISBN: 0-08-043110-0
    Keywords: Structural geology ; software ; Textbook of geology ; Stress ; GIS ; Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Stress ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Earth System Analysis - Integrating Science for Sustainability (1998)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 20, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 1-4020-3326-5, VIII + 343 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Global ; Change ; development ; fuzzy ; decision ; making ; ecology ; climate ; TBMeteorology ; agriculture ; emission ; wealth ; politics ; greenhouse ; ozone ; Modelling ; carbon ; dioxide ; CO2
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  • 11
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    Global and Regional Geodynamics (1990)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (3-7723-7419-0. 319 Seiten. CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Dynamic ; Geodesy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, 340 pages, Elsevier, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 0-08-040286-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Textbook of geology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; plotting
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  • 13
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    Geophysik (1997)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien und Altlasten hrsg. von der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 81-92, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Keywords: Applied geophysics ; environment ; waste ; disposal ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Geoelectrics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; RADAR ; Borehole geophys. ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of geophysics ; Knodel
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  • 14
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    Geological structure of the Krivbass based on results of super-deep drilling and regional geological-geophysical studies (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 134-140, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; scientific drilling ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 15
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    A change in composition of rocks, mineral phases and trapped gases in the Kola super-deep borehole (SD-3) section of the Archean complex with depth (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. Subvol. b, pp. 353-363, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: scientific drilling ; Borehole geophys. ; Mineralogy ; Geol. aspects ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Guidelines for efficient wellbore stability analysis (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min Sci., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 34, no. 3-4, pp. 155-162, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Stress ; Borehole breakouts ; Hydraulic fracturing ; stability ; Anisotropy ; shear ; tensile ; Strength ; Rock mechanics
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  • 17
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    Bruchmechanik 1 (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 1589480406)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Fracture ; Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics
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  • 18
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    Naturkatastrophen (1995)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology ; Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Earthquake Prediction: Nine Major Earthquakes in China (1966-1976) (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 159, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 20
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    Tables of Fourier Transforms and Fourier Transforms of Distributions (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 5, no. 85, pp. 175, (3-7723-6434-9)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; Fourier transform
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  • 21
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    Aspects of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geology (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 292 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 0-521-66034-3, ISBN 0-521-66948-0 paper)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Description: The book presents multivariate statistical methods useful in geological analysis. The essential distinction between multivariate analysis as applied to full-space data (measurements on lengths, heights, breadths etc.) and compositional data is emphasized with particular reference to geochemical data. Each of the methods is accompanied by a practically oriented computer program and backed up by appropriate examples. The computer programs are provided on a compact disk together with trial data-sets and examples of the output. An important feature of this book is the graphical system developed by Dr. Savazzi which is entitled Graph Server.
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Statistical investigations ; Textbook of geology
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  • 22
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    Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics - Proc. Internat. Symp. Inv. Probl. in Eng. Mech. (ISIP '98), March 1998, Nagano (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 1-85312-745-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Inversion ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; Scattering ; soil ; Modelling ; Fluids ; Acoustics
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  • 23
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    Linear-elastic crack models of jointing and faulting (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Structural Geology and Personal Computers, New York, Elsevier, vol. 15, no. 16, pp. 359-388, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Elasticity ; Rock mechanics ; Mathematica ; MATLAB ; MAPLE ; Modelling ; J ; w/out ; dot
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Scientific deep drilling and geophysical sounding: A mutual scientific challenge to understand the processes shaping the Earth's crust (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 231, pp. 57-69, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Borehole geophys. ; scientific drilling ; Review article
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  • 25
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    Complex study of core and fluid samples from the Ural super-deep well (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 364-371, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Borehole geophys. ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 26
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    The USSR integrated program of continental crust investigations and studies of the Earth's deep structure under the "Globus" project (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 90-103, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Borehole geophys. ; scientific drilling ; Review article ; Project report/description ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 27
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    Geodynamic map of the USSR: A new scientific base for regional and deep geological-geophysical investigations (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 104-110, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Geol. aspects
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  • 28
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    Deep-hole drilling using rock-breaking tool set with super-hard composites (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 271, no. 16, pp. 322-331, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: scientific drilling ; Borehole geophys. ; Instruments ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 29
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    Cajon pass scientific drilling project: Drilling overview (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 40-56, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Review article ; Project report/description ; Borehole geophys. ; scientific drilling
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  • 30
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    The role of continental scientific drilling in studies of earthquakes, crustal deformation, and lithospheric dynamics (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 70-89, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: scientific drilling ; Stress ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Plate tectonics
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  • 31
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    Comparison of observed ground acceleration response spectra from four recent large earthquakes in California with the uniform building code seismic design spectra (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 16, pp. 15-30, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard ; Statistical investigations ; Strong motions ; Spectrum ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology
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  • 32
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    Deep stress measurements: A key to understanding crustal tectonics (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 377-387, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Review article ; Hydraulic fracturing ; Stress
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  • 33
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    Seismic performance of bridges in California during the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 5, no. 16, pp. 157-166, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake ; Strong motions ; USA
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  • 34
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    Thermal Modelling of Petroleum Generation: Theory and Applications (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 526 pp., Elsevier, vol. 45, pp. ii + 37 pp. + 35 figs. + 4 tabs., (ISBN 975-561-182-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Applied geophysics ; Geol. aspects ; Borehole geophys. ; Geothermics ; Geochemistry
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  • 35
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    Geoinformatik - Modelle, Strukturen, Funktionen (1995)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 45, pp. xii+414 pp., (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: GIS ; Textbook of geophysics ; geography ; data ; base ; fuzzy ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; interpolation ; SQL
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  • 36
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    Characteristic earthquakes and long-term earthquake forecasts: Implications of central California seismicity (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  New York, Elsevier, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-7923-5034-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard ; Statistical investigations
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  • 37
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    Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Tectonics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Geol. aspects
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  • 38
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    Die Erde im Visier - Geowissenschaften an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert (1999)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 113, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 1-56670-263-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake hazard ; KTB ; ICDP ; IOcean Drilling Program ; climate ; Antarctica ; Nuclear explosion ; Volcanology ; GeodesyY ; satellites ; remote ; sensing ; gas ; hydrates ; Geothermics ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; potable ; water ; waste ; soils ; evolution ; Geol. aspects ; geotechnics ; Engineering geophys. ; ores
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  • 39
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    Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 394 pp., Elsevier, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-9808493-1-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: oil ; gas ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of engineering
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  • 40
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    Fractal Models in the Earth Sciences (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 54, no. XVI:, pp. 9-66, (ISBN: 3486274473, 2. Auflage 2004, xxiv, 244 Seiten)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: FractureT ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; Statistical investigations
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  • 41
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    Anatomy of Seismograms (1990)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
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    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 42
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    Vibration of Mindlin Plates (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 71-80, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Ritz ; Kirchhoff ; p-Ritz ; software ; Textbook of engineering
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  • 43
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    Paleoseismology (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 346 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN 3-936546-23-1, 2. Auflage 2005. 876 Seiten + CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology
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  • 44
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    Analysis of Geophysical Potential Fields, A Digital Signal Processing Approach, 310 pp. (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 799-804, (ISBN 1-4020-1777-4 (hb) and ISBN 1-4020-1778-2 (pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Hilbert transform ; digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Fast Fourier transf. ; Spectrum ; Correlation ; Filter- ; discrete ; DFT ; Maximum likelihood
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  • 45
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    Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards (1996)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 20, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 1-4020-3326-5, VIII + 343 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Review article ; Earthquake hazard ; PAG
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  • 46
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    Physical Properties of Rocks: Fundamentals and Principals of Petrophysics (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Stuttgart, 403 pp., Elsevier, vol. 18, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 267, (ISBN 3-534-14102-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Physical properties of rocks ; porosity ; permeability ; conductivity ; Density ; susceptibility ; incompressibility ; shear ; modulus ; Lame ; viscosity ; Schoen ; Schon
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  • 47
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    Dynamics of the Earth's Evolution (1993)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; GeodesyY ; Geothermics ; Planetology ; ConvolutionE
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  • 48
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    Dislocation Dynamics and Plasticity (1991)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 8, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 0-7868-6844-9)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Dynamic ; Rheology ; Inelastic ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of physics ; Textbook of mineralogy
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  • 49
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    Systematic determination of seismic safety levels for design of R/C buildings (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 37, pp. 63-77, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk
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  • 50
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    In situ stress measurements in super-deep wells (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 372-376, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Review article ; scientific drilling ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Stress ; Stress measurements
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  • 51
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    The geological nature of seismic boundaries in the continental crust (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 393-407, (ISBN 0-87590-532-3, AGU Code: GD0305323)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 52
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    Tides in water saturated rock (1997)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Contributions to the 6th Annual KTB-Colloquium: Geoscientific Results, Berlin, Springer, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 277-291, (ISBN 0-87590-532-3, AGU Code: GD0305323)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Keywords: Earth tides ; poro-elasticity ; pressure ; permeability ; porosity ; Fluids ; Review article
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  • 53
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    Constraining the full stress tensor from observations of drilling-induced tensile fractures and leak-off tests: applications to borehole stability and sand production on the Norwegian margin (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci., Hannover, Elsevier, vol. 34, no. 3-4, pp. 13021-13032, pp. L15S14, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Keywords: Stress ; Stress measurements ; Hydraulic fracturing ; Borehole geophys. ; stability ; North ; Sea ; Norway
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  • 54
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    Advances in Adaptive Computational Methods (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 47, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Modelling ; Finite Element Method ; Elasticity ; Error analysis ; Acoustics
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  • 55
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    Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 490 pp., Elsevier, vol. 4, no. 85, pp. 175, (ISBN: 1-85312-689-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: graben ; Geol. aspects ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology ; Tectonics
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  • 56
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    Geophysik an Altlasten (1991)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 0-89871-507-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991
    Description: Abschnitt 2.6 Bohrlochgeophysik, 10 S.
    Keywords: Engineering geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; Geoelectrics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; RADAR ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 57
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    The Geoelectrical Methods in Geophysical Exploration (1994)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 0-691-01019-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Geoelectrics ; Applied geophysics
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  • 58
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    The results of seismic investigations along geotraverses (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 11, no. 16, pp. 111-119, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Review article ; Reflection seismics ; Refraction seismics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 59
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    Temperatures at the base of the seismogenic crust beneath Long Valley caldera, California, and the Phlegrean Fields caldera, Italy (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 3, no. XVI:, pp. 432-461, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Geothermics ; Seismicity ; Volcanology
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  • 60
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    Taiwan strong motion instrumentation program (TSMIP) and preliminary analysis of site effects in Taipei basin from strong motion data (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 47-62, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Strong motions ; China ; Project report/description ; Site amplification
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  • 61
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    Uncertainty analysis on seismic hazard evaluation (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 31-46, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Error analysis
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  • 62
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    Model-driven migration in applied seismics (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Proceedings 7.Aachener Symp. für Signaltheorie, Berlin, Springer, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 47-65, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Stacking ; seismic Migration ; seismic Migration ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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  • 63
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    Structure and tectonics in the Oberpfalz area and its surroundings (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 120-133, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Review article ; Reflection seismics ; Refraction seismics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 64
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    Multi-genetic origin of reflectivity: A review of seismic reflection profiling of the continental lower crust and Moho (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Continental Lower Crust, Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 45, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Reflectivity ; Review article ; Reflection seismics ; CRUST ; Meissner
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  • 65
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    Composition, Deep Structure and Evolution of Continents (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  200 pp., Elsevier, vol. 24, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 0-444-50309-9)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Textbook of geology ; Textbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Geol. aspects ; Mineralogy
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  • 66
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    Bridge damage diagnosis by vibrational signature analysis (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Science and Technology, New York, Elsevier, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 147-156, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology
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  • 67
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    The basite component of Archean section of the Kola super-deep well (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 163-169, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; scientific drilling ; Geol. aspects ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 68
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    Results of Siberian deep structure investigation by geophysical methods (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 141-151, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: scientific drilling ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 69
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    Cephalopod Fauna of the Scotia Sea at South Georgia: Potential for Commercial Exploitation and Possible Consequences (1990)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Ecosystems. , ed. by Kerry, K. R. and Hempel, G. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 289-298. ISBN 978-3-642-84076-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: A collection of cephalopods from the British Antarctic Survey’s Offshore Biological Programme is described and the cephalopod prey of vertebrate predators at South Georgia is reviewed. Comparison of these data indicates that predators catch larger specimens and a greater diversity of species than nets. There are also differences between samples from different types of net. The RMT 25, the largest research net used to date, has caught most of the species thought to occur in the Scotia Sea but specimens are generally smaller than those taken by predators. Cephalopods which are thought to have potential commercial value are Martialia hyadesi, Kondakovia longimana, Moroteuthis ingens, M. knipovitchi, M. robsoni and Gonatus antarcticus. Other possibilities include species of brachioteuthid, psychroteuthid and neoteuthid. It is likely that Antarctic stocks will be sensitive to exploitation and liable to dramatic fluctuations if overfished. The possible consequences of commercial exploitation of cephalopods for the reproductive success of the vertebrate predators, which prey on cephalopods in the Scotia Sea, are examined.
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  • 70
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    Distribution and abundance of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Central Mediterranean (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 13 (1). pp. 53-66.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Distribution and abundance of the horned octopus Eledone cirrhosa in the Tyrrhenian Sea are described on the basis of stratified-random bottom trawl surveys in spring and summer of the years 1985–1987. Specimens were caught between 25 and 630 m depth (higher densities between 50 and 200 m depth); mature males were found to prefer deeper bottoms than mature females. Young specimens occurred in spring samples from the Western Ligurian Sea and in summer samples from the Lower Tyrrhenian Sea, but were scarcely represented in the Higher Tyrrhenian Sea. Thus recruitment seems to be progressively delayed later in the season from north to south. The greatest abundance was recorded in the Higher Tyrrhenian Sea; wide seasonal variations of minimum stock biomass estimates have been observed and total biomass decreased from 1985 to 1987 in the surveyed areas.
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  • 71
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    Trophic relations of the cephalopod Martialia hyadesi (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae) at the Antarctic Polar Front, Scotia Sea (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 114 (3). pp. 415-421.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Samples of the squid Martialia hyadesi were collected aboard two Japanese squid-jigging vessels carrying out commercial fishing trials at the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, north Scotia Sea, in February 1989. The dissected stomachs of 61 specimens were classified according to fullness and the contents were examined visually. Identifiable food items included fish sagittal otoliths, crustacean eyes, the lappets on euphausiid first antennule segments and cephalopod sucker rings. The most frequent items in the squid's diet were the myctophid fishes Krefftichthys anderssoni and Electrona carlsbergi, the euphausiid Euphausia superba and a hyperiid amphipod, probably Themisto gaudichaudi. A small proportion of the sample had been feeding cannibalistically. Total lengths of the fish prey were estimated from sagittal otolith size using published relationships. All fish were relatively small; 7 to 35% of squid mantle-length. However, it is possible that some heads of larger fish are discarded by the squid and so are not represented by otoliths in the stomach contents. Over the size range of squid in the sample there was no relationship between size of fish prey and size of squid. Similarly, when the squid sample was divided into groups according to prey categories: crustaceans, crustaceans+fish, fish, cephalopod, there was no evidence that dietary preference was related to squid size. The prevalence of copepod-feeding myctophids in the diet of this squid, which is itself a major prey item of some higher predators in the Scotia Sea, suggests that a previously unrecognised food chain: copepod-myctophid-M. hyadesi-higher predator, may be an important component of the Antarctic oceanic ecosystem.
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  • 72
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    The diet of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans at Subantarctic Marion Island (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 12 (5).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The diet of the Wandering Albatross at Subantarctic Marion Island was studied by inducing recently fed chicks to regurgitate and by stomach flushing adults about to feed chicks. Liquid comprised 70.2% of stomach content mass recovered from chicks. Solid material comprised cephalopods (58.6% by mass), fish (36.5%) and crustacean, cetacean and seabird material as minor items. Twenty-three taxa of cephalopods were identified, the onychcteuthid squid Kondakovia longimana being the most important. Estimated average mass of squid was 694 g with a maximum of over 8 kg. Diet of the Wandering Albatross at Marion Island was broadly similar to that at other studied localities. The high proportion of cephalopods known to float after death in the diet, and the deep-water habits of the few fish identified, suggest that scavenging plays an important role in foraging behaviour.
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  • 73
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    Continuous spawning in the cirrate octopods Opisthoteuthis agassizii and O. vossi: features of sexual maturation defining a reproductive strategy in cephalopods (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 114 (2). pp. 265-275.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: The reproductive strategy of the cirrate octopods Opisthoteuthis agassizii and O. vossi (collected off Namibia from 1988 to 1990) was analyzed. Ovarian oocyte size frequency analysis for both species revealed continuous egg production over the entire adult life span. Mature eggs were stored in the single oviducal gland and distal oviduct, but oviducal gland fullness was not related to body size (p〉0.2). All O. agassizii male specimens from 95 to 5400 g total weight were sexually mature, as were all females from 190 to 1650 g, indicating that considerable growth takes place after the onset of sexual maturity. “Continuous spawning” is defined as a single, extended and continuous period of egg maturation and spawning. This model of reproductive strategy is previously unreported in cephalopods. All O. vossi male specimens from 750 to 3050 g total weight, and females from 800 to 1300 g, were sexually mature. Mature males and females of both species were collected in all seasons of the year. The adaptation of cirrate octopods to non-scasonal deep-sea environments is considered. The sexual maturity characteristics of males were analyzed, and examination of the spermatophore revealed opercular structures previously unreported in cephalopods. For females, the micropyle of the eggs are described and the mineral analysis of the egg shell disclosed that sulphur was the major element present.
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  • 74
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    Age and growth of the squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Oegopsida: Ommastrephidae) from the Central-East Atlantic (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 163 (2). pp. 261-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-29
    Description: An investigation was carried out on the morphology, growth and microstructure of statoliths of 833 specimens of Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup) mantle length (ML): 2–548 mm collected in the open waters of the Gulf of Guinea in 1984–1988. Statolith morphology is similar to that of other species of the subfamily Ommastrephinae and is similar to the sibling species S. oulaniensis. Statolith development includes five stages resembling those of Illex illecebrosus and other ommastrephids. Statolith growth is characterized by negative allometry. Increments visible in ground sections of statoliths can be grouped into four main growth zones, differing mainly in colour and increment width. Age and growth rates of S. pteropus were calculated using increment counts. The life span of females of all size groups does not exceed 1 yr, that of males is 1–2 months shorter, probably due to preliminary mating. Instantaneous relative growth rage (G) of paralarvae is high (up to 16% of body weight (BW)). G values for juveniles decline, but remain relatively high (7–8% BW). Juveniles attain 100–110 mm ML by age 100–110 days. G values for adults are the lowest (1.8–2% BW), but daily growth rates reach maximum values (40–70 g per day in large females of 450–500 mm ML). Each ontogenetic phase of S. pteropus corresponds to features of morphology, growth and microstructure of the statolith.
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  • 75
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    Determination of intracellular pH and PCO2 after metabolic inhibition by fluoride and nitrilotriacetic acid (1990)
    Elsevier
    In:  Respiration physiology, 81 . pp. 255-274.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: Mean intracellular pH (pHi) and PCO2 (PiCO2) have been analysed based on pH and total CO2 measurements in tissue homogenates. Tissues were sampled from undisturbed worms (Sipunculus nudus), squid (Illex illecebrosus), trout (Salmo gairdneri), toads (Bufo marinus), and rats. Homogenate metabolism was inhibited by the addition of potassium fluoride and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Model calculations revealed that the influence of dilution, medium buffers, and contamination by extracellular fluids was negligible. In white muscle tissue the resulting pHi values were virtually the same as found in studies using DMO (dimethyloxazolidinedione). If large fractions of mitochondria were present (e.g. in heart muscle), DMO derived pHi values were considerably higher, probably representing overestimates. Homogenate derived pHi values are concluded to represent the effective mean pHi by taking into account pH gradients, and the volumes and buffering of cellular compartments. High time resolution and small variability make this method especially useful to assess rapid changes in pHi, e.g. in exercising animals.
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  • 76
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    Genetic evidence of population heterogeneity and cryptic speciation in the ommastrephid squid Martialia hyadesi from the Patagonian Shelf and Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (1993)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 116 (4). pp. 593-602.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate levels of genetic differentiation between four samples of the nominate squid species Martialia hyadesi Rochbrune and Mabille, 1889, obtained from regions of the Patagonian Shelf and Antarctic Polar Fron-tal Zone over 1000 km apart. M. hyadesi is an ecologically important South Atlantic ommastrephid squid and it is probable that, in the future, fishing effort will be increasingly directed towards this species. Details regarding the population structure of the species are therefore required. In comparison with the other three samples of M. hyadesi, one of the samples from the Patagonian Shelf (PAT 89II) exhibited fixed allelic differences at 16 of the 39 enzyme loci which were resolved (genetic identity, I=0.51). This high level of genetic differentiation contradicts the apparent morphological similarity between samples, indicating the presence of a cryptic or sibling congeneric species. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and significant differences in allele distribution were also detected within and between the other three putative M. hyadesi samples, suggesting that the species fails to maintain effective panmixia across its geographical range. The occurrence of both temporal (1986 cf. 1989) and geographic structuring within the species complex is consequently indicated, caused possibly by an overlap of reproductively isolated stocks (stock mixing) outside their respective breeding areas. Low levels of genetic variability were detected throughout the samples examined, estimates of average heterozygosity per locus within the two species detected being in the order of 0.01 and 0.002. These values are discussed in relation to levels of genetic variability reported for other squid species, and in comparison with values typically expected for marine invertebrates.
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  • 77
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    Genetic variation in the neritic squid Loligo forbesi (Myopsida: Loliginidae) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (1995)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 122 (1). pp. 79-86.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was employed to investigate levels of genetic differentiation between 13 samples of the neritic squid species Loligo forbesi Steenstrup obtained from throughout the majority of its known geographical range. Six enzyme loci identified in a preliminary study as being polymorphic were screened for variation between samples. No significant differences in allele distribution were detected between any of the samples obtained from the Faroe Bank in the north to Lisbon in the south, suggesting that squid throughout this range in the vicinity of the continental shelf are able to maintain panmixia, and effectively belong to a single population sharing a common gene pool. No clinal variation in allele distribution was detected throughout this range, a result which complements the findings of a detailed morphological companion study of the same individuals. Comparison of this homogenous European continental shelf population with squid from the Azores revealed highly significant (P〈0.01) differences in allele distribution at five of the six polymorphic enzyme loci studied. A genetic identity value (I) equivalent to 0.93 over 33 loci was obtained. Analysis of F-statistics suggested migration rates between sites to be as low as one individual per five generations, a rate deemed insufficient under most models to prevent divergence by random genetic drift. The large distance and oceanic depths separating the Azores from continental Europe seem to present an effective barrier to gene flow to L. forbesi, a squid belonging to a family considered to be confined in distribution to relatively shallow, near coastal waters. The two populations of squid in the Azores and along the European continental shelf currently both ascribed to L. forbesi should therefore probably best be regarded as relative subspecies.
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  • 78
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    The use of beaks as tools for biomass estimation in the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in New Zealand waters (1995)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 15 (1). pp. 9-14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: Beak lengths (lower rostral length and upper rostral length) were taken for a sample of Moroteuthis ingens which were captured on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Beak lengths were plotted against both mantle length and wet weight to determine the relationship between these parameters for future use in biomass estimates in predator analysis. Although M. ingens is markedly sexually dimorphic, with females reaching 5 times the weight of males, there was no obvious sexual dimorphism in either lower or upper rostral length. This resulted in sex-specific relationships between both LRL and mantle length, LRL and weight; and URL and mantle length, and URL and weight. Males appeared to have a curvilinear relationship between beak length and mantle length and beak length and weight (even for log-transformed data). There was also considerable spread in the data in the plot between beak length and weight for females of similar weight. These characteristics of the data makes biomass estimates based on rostral length measurements for this species difficult. Other beak parameters may prove more useful for estimating biomass of M. ingens.
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  • 79
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    Flexible reproductive strategies in the squid Loligo forbesi (1995)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 121 (3). pp. 501-508.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Description: Body size at sexual maturity, egg-size distributions, and potential reproductive output have been estimated for female and male squid, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, off the west coast of Scotland. Two size modes at maturity were found in both sexes, but separation into size cohorts was more pronounced in males (180 and 350 mm mantle length, ML). Preliminary ageing studies based on statolith ring-counts suggest that these size modes are not due to different age groups at breeding. Females have a single size mode of mature eggs in the proximal oviduct, but may have at least two size modes of eggs within the ovary. This finding is interpreted as evidence of batch-spawning in this squid. There was a weak relationship between total egg numbers (range 1000 to 16000) and body size (range 196 to 318 mm ML) and between mature egg size and body size. Males showed a strong positive relationship between spermatophore length and body length but a weak relationship between total number of spermatophores and body size. The results are discussed in the context of flexibility of breeding strategies in the loliginids and variety of life-cycle patterns.
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  • 80
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    Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters (1994)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 121 (2). pp. 267-272.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Four research surveys of Falkland Island waters were carried out to determine the distribution and abundance of the early life-history stages of Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the austral winter of 1988 and the austral springs of 1990, 1991 and 1992. Juveniles were caught during three of the four surveys in both Bongo nets and an RMT8 net. In each case, greatest numbers were consistently caught in waters of ≤100 m to the south and east of East Falkland. The use of an opening/closing net in 1992 showed that most L. gahi juveniles aggregate close to the sea floor and are more available to the sampling gear by night than by day. Limited temperature data for the 1991 and 1992 surveys suggest that distribution on the coastal shelf may be associated with water-column structure. In 1992 when temperature data implied a mixed water column, juveniles were caught in deeper water than in 1991 when the water column was stratified. The results suggest that the spawning grounds of L. gahi are probably situated to the south and east of the Falkland Islands, at least for squid hatched in the austral winter/spring.
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  • 81
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    Multiple spawning in the tropical squid Photololigo sp.: what is the cost in somatic growth? (1995)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 124 (1). pp. 127-135.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: This study assesses the potential of the tropical loliginid squid Photololigo sp. to lay multiple batches of eggs and examines changes in somatic growth during reproduction. Histological analysis of the ovary and the relative size of the oviduct to mantle weight and ovary weight were used to determine the potential for multiple spawning. Ovaries of mature females always had immature and mature oocytes present, suggesting that not all the oocytes were maturing simultaneously and that multiple batches of eggs were being produced. Furthermore, poor correlations of oviduct weight with body size and ovary weight indicated that mature oocytes were not accumulating in the oviduct for a single spawning event. Both these observations supported the hypothesis that Photololigo sp. has the potential to lay multiple batches of eggs throughout its life. Specific growth rates, length-weight relationships, relative growth of somatic and reproductive tissue and microscopic assessment of muscle tissue were compared between immature and mature females. Growth rates of immature females were almost twice as fast as those of mature females. Mature females also had no large muscle fibres present, suggesting that energy for reproduction was mobilised from the muscle tissue.
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  • 82
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    Growth and cuttlebone microstructure of juvenile cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis L., under controlled conditions (1994)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 177 (1). pp. 73-78.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: The periodicity of deposition of growth increments in the cuttlebone of juvenile Sepia officinalis was investigated under controlled conditions for a short period after hatching (19 days). The slope of time elapsed and increment counts was significantly different from 1 indicating that lamellae are not deposited on a daily basis. The relationship between increment counts and juvenile length was, however, highly significant. Also significant were the relationships between the number of growth increments and shell length and increment counts and cuttlebone area. These data show that the number of growth increments is related primarily to the growth rate of the juvenile rather than to its chronological age. Taking into account these data, the cuttlebone lamellae cannot be used for age determination in the juvenile cuttlefish just after hatching.
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  • 83
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    Sea surface wind stress and drag coefficients: The hexos results (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 60 (1-2). pp. 109-142.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Turbulent fluxes have been measured in the atmospheric surface layer from a boom extending upwind from the Dutch offshore research platform Meetpost Noordwijk (MPN) during HEXMAX (Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment) in October–November, 1986. We started out to study eddy flux of water vapour, but discrepancies among simultaneous measurements made with three different anemometers led us to develop methods to correct eddy correlation measurements of wind stress for flow distortion by nearby objects. We then found excellent agreement among the corrected wind stress data sets from the three anemometers on the MPN boom and with eddy correlation measurements from a mast on a tripod. Inertial-dissipation techniques gave reliable estimates of wind stress from turbulence spectra, both at MPN and at a nearby ship. The data cover a range of wave ages and the results yield new insights into the variation of sea surface wind stress with sea state; two alternative formulas are given for the nondimensional surface roughness as a function of wave age.
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  • 84
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    Metabolic responses of Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida) to reduced oxygen levels and anoxia (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 162 (2). pp. 229-241.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-16
    Description: The presented data on indirect and direct calorimetry in Halicryptus spinulosus, a species with prominent ecological significance in parts of the Baltic Sea, provide a basis for a better understanding of the metabolic adaptation of these animals to low oxygen availability in their environment. Metabolic rates in H. spinulosus were measured respirometrically as oxygen consumption and calorimetrically as heat dissipation. Oxygen uptake rates are in the range of M O2 = 3.81 ± 1.37 μmol O2·g−1 dry mass·h−1. Upon reimmersion into normoxic seawater after an anoxic incubation of 7 days, the animals exhibit an overshoot of oxygen consumption by a factor of 2.4. It takes at least 2 days for the animals to balance their oxygen consumption to previously measured rates. Direct calorimetry exhibits different strategies of H. spinulosus to cope with declining oxygen and anoxia. During the first 2 transitional days to anoxia in the calorimeter, the animals decreased heat dissipation moderately down to 53.4 and 26%, respectively, of aerobic values. The animals are not necessarily quiescent at the beginning of anoxia, but at the end of the experiments after 14 days metabolic rates have dropped substantially down to ≈2% of normoxic values. These findings are discussed with regard to an effective adaption to frequently changing oxygen regimes in deeper parts of the Baltic Sea.
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  • 85
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    Protection of human skin against jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) stings (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 113 (4). pp. 669-678.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: In tropical and subtropical regions of the world, jellyfish stings cause fatalities by means of venom injecting nematocysts. For nematocyst discharge an adequate combination of chemical and mechanical stimulation is required. In order to test whether skin care products can protect against nematocyst discharge, we tested two sunscreens and one lotion applied to pieces of live human skin and exposed them to Cyanea capillata tentacles. (Test specimens were collected in 1990 along the shore of Rømø, Denmark and in the Flensburger Förde.) The fine structure analysis of the cnidom of C. capillata showed a high grade of variation in shape and size. The basic distinctive characteristic for stomocnides and astomocnides, the terminal opening at the tubule tip, could not be found. The identification of spines at the basal tubule of atrichous isorhizas suggested that these should be characterized as basitrichous isorhizas. An association between nematocyst morphology and a special function such as penetration or entanglement was not observed. All nematocyst types penetrated unprotected skin. Parafilm (an inert material) and unprotected skin substrates served as controls. The discharged nematocysts on the skin and Parafilm surfaces were counted using scanning electron microscopy. The percentage of discharged nematocysts on test substance protected skin surfaces ranged from only 7.7 to 38.2%, compared to 100% on the unprotected control skin. In addition to this marked reduction in nematocyst discharge, the relatively few discharged nematocysts on protected skin showed malfunctions, and the injection of venom would have failed because the tubules of the nematocysts did not penetrate the skin. The results indicate a general possibility that human skin may be protected against nematocyst discharge of jellyfish with the application of sunscreen or lotion.
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  • 86
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    Temperature tolerance and latitudinal range of brown algae from temperate Pacific South America (1993)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 115 (1). pp. 143-150.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Lower and upper survival temperatures of microthalli of 25 species of South American Phaeophyceae isolated from central Peru (14°S) to the Canal Beagle (55°S) were determined using 2-wk exposure for the upper and 4-wk exposure for the lower limit. All species survive 4 wks at -2°C. With respect to the upper limit, species reported only from southernmost South America tolerate 19.9 to 24.5°C (n=8), and species occurring from Cape Horn to central Chile 24.6 to 27.4°C (n=7). Three species that occurred as far north as northern Chile and Peru before the 1982–1983 El Niño event, and whose northern limit was dramatically shifted southwards in 1983, tolerate 20.8 to 25.3°C, whereas five species that have survived in Peru tolerate 25.6 to 28.5°C. Tinocladia falklandica which tolerates 27.8 to 28.1°C but lives only in southernmost South America and Striaria attenuata, which tolerates 31.6 to 31.9°C but occurs at ca. 42°S, are exceptional. Their high temperature tolerance may have no adaptive value in South America. They are restricted to the cold-temperate region due to low temperature requirements for reproduction or for reasons yet unknown. In general, the northern distributional limits of the Phaeophyceae studied along the temperate Pacific coast of South America are reproduction boundaries, except in El Niño years when they are redefined according to the species' upper suvival limits. Temperature tolerance of isolates from northern Chile and Peru agrees well with maximum temperatures reached during the 1983 El Niño.
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  • 87
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    CO2 partial pressure in Northeast Atlantic and adjacent shelf waters: Processes and seasonal variability (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 3 (6). pp. 453-463.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: CO2 partial pressure in surface water was measured in the Northeast Atlantic and in the Hebride Shelf/North Sea area during a cruise with R.V. Poseidon in June 1991. A mean pCO2 of 303 μatm was found in the Atlantic between 50°N and 60°N. For an atmospheric CO2 content of 357.5 ppm(v) this corresponds to a partial pressure difference of −55 μatm. This supports the view that the subarctic Atlantic is a significant sink within the CO2 cycle between the ocean and the atmosphere. A comparison of our measurements with other data reveals that the pCO2 distribution changes significantly during May/June. This explained by seasonal warming, CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and biomass production. The contribution by each of these processes to the seasonal variations is calculated. It was found that during a plankton bloom the production of biomass is the dominating factor and may lower seawater pCO2 by almost 100 μatm. The shelf areas are charactrized by strong pCO2 gradients which are explained by water exchange with the Atlantic, temperature effects and biomass production.
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  • 88
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    Extraction of dissolved fatty acids from sea water (1993)
    Springer
    In:  Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 345 (12). pp. 773-779.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-23
    Description: During a cruise in the Baltic Sea in March/April 1991, dissolved lipids were concentrated from acidified sea water by adsorption on reversed phase material; the free fatty acids in the lipids were isolated. Titration of the acids with 0.01 mol/l methanolic KOH resulted in a very poor titration curve; assessing total concentration of organic acids in sea water by base titration appears to be impractical. After derivatization with p-phenylphenacyl bromide under crown ether catalysis the fatty acids were analyzed by micro-bore HPLC with UV-detection and comparison with standard reference substances. Some unknown fatty acids were characterized by GC/MS. Total concentrations were in the range from 1 to 4.5 nmol/l. They were the same in parallel samples liquid/liquid extracted with dichloromethane. The HPLC spectra of the fatty acids in both kinds of samples were also quite similar. This confirms earlier observations that adsorptive concentration of dissolved fatty acids and non-polar lipids from sea water is as effective as liquid/liquid extraction. Higher amounts of fatty acids can be concentrated by adsorption from large water volumes, thus lowering detection limits. Palmitic acid had by far the highest concentration in every sample followed by myristic acid, lauric acid, and stearic acid. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were the most abundant unsaturated acids. The other saturated and unsaturated acids had medium to low concentrations.
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  • 89
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    Trace metal accumulation in hair and skin of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina (1993)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 26 (3). pp. 152-155.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-22
    Description: Skin and hair samples of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) found dead along the west coast of northern Germany in 1988 were analysed for total mercury, cadmium and lead. Cadmium and lead concentrations were below the detection limit in most skin samples. The mercury content of the hair (median: 23.1 μg g−1 wet wt) was several magnitudes higher than the mercury content of the skin (0.27 μg g−1 wet wt). Mercury concentrations in hair samples were significantly higher than lead concentrations (0.54 μg g−1 wet wt), which significantly exceeded cadmium levels (0.09 μg g−1 wet wt). Female seals revealed lower cadmium concentrations in the hair than male seals. Accumulations of metals with age were observed for cadmium and lead in hair samples and for mercury in skin samples of male seals. A connection between metal accumulation and pigmentation or rather moult was clearly recognizable.
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  • 90
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    Modification of Mediterranean Water in the Gulf of Cadiz, studied with hydrographic, nutrient and chlorofluoromethane data (1993)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 40 (2). pp. 267-291.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-22
    Description: The spreading of Mediterranean Water (MW) released through the Straits of Gibraltar is studied with hydrographic data, oxygen, nutrients and for the first time with chlorofluoromethane (CFM, compounds F11 and F12) distributions along seven sections in the Gulf of Cadiz, and with measurements in the Western Alboran Sea and west of the Gulf. The properties of MW entering the Gulf are deduced from CFM-salinity correlations east and west of the Straits as well as from property-depth profiles in the Western Alboran Sea. At the time of the survey, the outflow originated from depths above the salinity maximum of the Intermediate Water in the Alboran Sea. It turned out that the F11/F12 ratio of the outflow is equal to the ratios found in the Atlantic water in the Gulf of Cadiz; thus the ratio carries no time information in the region. A model is developed to describe mixing of the MW undercurrent with overlying North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) from different depths. The contribution of each layer to the mixing is parameterized by a weighting factor, which has to satisfy the balances of potential temperature (θ), CFMs, oxygen and nutrients in the MW undercurrent. It is shown that entrainment of water from shallower depths into the undercurrent is important near the Iberian Continental Shelf. Farther west and south, the undercurrent mainly mixes with water from near the salinity minimum of the NACW. For regions where the undercurrent has left the bottom, additional mixing with North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) has to be taken into account. The percentage of MW in the undercurrent decreases from 76% hear the Straits to about 34% at 7°30′W for the lower core (MI) and about 22–24% for the upper core (Mu). Assuming an outflow of undiluted MW through the Straits of 1.0 Sv, the transport of the undercurrent can be calculated by determining an average dilution factor for each section. The undercurrent transports 2.0 Sv just west of the Straits and 3.6 Sv leave the Gulf of Cadiz. At 36°N, 9°54′W, a meddy with unusually high temperatures and salinities below 500 m was found, covering the density range for both cores, Mu and Ml. From the θ−S characteristics and the evaluated mixing scheme of the meddy it appears to have formed near 7°W in the Gulf, a region up to now not proposed in the literature, and moved westward without much further mixing.
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  • 91
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    Otobothrium penetrans (Cestoda; Trypanorhyncha) in the flesh of belonid fish from philippine waters (1993)
    Elsevier
    In:  International Journal for Parasitology, 23 (6). pp. 749-755.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-23
    Description: In April 1990, 488 marine fish belonging to 30 species from central Phillipine waters were examined for flesh parasitic infections that may affect their consumability. One species of hemirhamphids and 3 species of belonids harboured plerocercoids of Otobothrium penetrans Linton, 1907 (Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum33, 85–126). This is the first record of this parasite from Pacific fish species. The highest intensity of infection found was 8 in Tylosurus crocodilus. Most of the larvae were located between the dorsal spines of the vertebral column, only 32% were found in the fillets. Based on the present material we give a description of the plerocercoid stage of the species using scanning electron microscopy of the armature and morphometrical measurements. Comparison to results from earlier findings of O. penetrons by Linton (1907; 1924, Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum64, 1–114) and to O. kurisi by Shields (1985, International Journal for Parasitology15: 635–643) lead to the conclusion that the latter species is a synonym for O. penetrans.
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  • 92
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    Minor extension of the von Bertalanffy growth theory (1990)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 9 (4). pp. 367-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-09
    Description: The growth of “Growing Sealife”™ plastic squid was tested against the principles of the von Bertalanffy growth theory. The von Bertalanffy growth curve fits the data well on visual inspection, although the Schnute curve actually provides a statistically superior fit. If the von Bertalanffy growth curve provides a reasonable fit to data, this is frequently interpreted as evidence for anabolic and catabolic changes. The results of this paper for plastic squid are intended to provide a warning that such an interpretation does not necessarily follow.
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  • 93
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    New evidence for the production of EM-type ocean island basalts and large volumes of volcaniclastites during the early history of the Manihiki Plateau (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 122 (3). pp. 181-205.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-21
    Description: Alkaline volcanic rocks including nephelinites, basanites and trachybasalts dredged from the volcanic pedestal of Rakahanga Atoll and from a volcanic edifice with 100 satellite volcanoes at the eastern edge of the Manihiki Plateau, ca. 40 km southwest of the atoll, fall well within the category of EM-type ocean island basalts. They indicate a hotspot involvement during the formation of the plateau basement. The rocks are thought to be products of explosive eruptions which took place subaerially or in shallow water in the Aptian. The volcanoes, together with other volcanic eruption centers, most likely were responsible for the formation of the 230 m thick volcaniclastite layer which rests on the basement for at least 5000 km2 of the eastern part of the Manihiki Plateau. Erosion has prevented any substantial sediment cover on the volcanic cone field and most of the slope of Rakahanga and thin pelagic limestones were deposited instead at least since the Maastrichtian.
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  • 94
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    Late Quaternary calcium carbonate sedimentation and terrigenous input along the east Greenland continental margin (1993)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 114 (1-2). pp. 13-36.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Nine large box cores collected in the western Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Sea were analyzed for calcium carbonate content and coarse fraction components. Stratigraphic control is based on oxygen isotope records performed on four of the cores. All cores were correlated using oxygen and carbon isotope data, fluctuations in calcium carbonate content, coarse terrigenous particle content and volcanic ash beds. Glacial and interglacial cycles are documented by a number of terrigenous particle events and differentiated calcium carbonate production which can be correlated to major paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic shifts. In the older core sections, extensive deposition of ice-rafted detritus (IRD) persisted until about oxygen isotope stage 9 and document a relatively stable environment in this area, strongly influenced by cold surface water masses. The following interval was characterized by variations in the general surface water circulation pattern, although high amounts of IRD are still present in Iceland Sea sediments. Pronounced shifts in terrigenous input and pelagic carbonate records were identified close to the oxygen isotope stage Full-size image (〈1 K) and Full-size image (〈1 K) boundaries, indicating massive melting of icebergs in the western GIN Sea. These enormous inputs of debris were followed by an increase in calcium carbonate production caused by maximum intrusion of warm Atlantic surface waters. Relatively high calcium carbonate contents also show that only little dilution by fine-grained material and a minimum of ice melting occurred during these warm phases. During oxygen isotope stage 5, conditions were more uniform indicating a less pronounced westward penetration of Atlantic waters as compared to the Holocene. The last glacial (stages 4-2) is characterized by the occurrence of “Heinrich”-like events, although high IRD contents were present throughout this interval. A distinct contrast between the northernmost cores and the cores in the south is indicative of a rather strong westward penetration of Atlantic water in the north and of an area dominated by cold water east of the Kolbeinsey Ridge during the Holocene. However, conditions west of Jan Mayen seem to have remained constantly dominated by cold surface waters throughout the whole time investigated.
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  • 95
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    The stomach contents of Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica feeding young chicks at Scullin Monolith, Mawson Coast, Antarctica (1990)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 10 (7). pp. 545-547.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: Antarctic petrels (Thalassoica antarctica) brooding young chicks at Scullin Monolith (67°7′S, 66°42′E), Antarctica, fed fish and crustaceans (87% and 13%, respectively, on a mass basis) to their young. Amounts of solids fed were equivalent to 6.6% of the body mass of adult birds with an empty stomach. The prey comprised species known to occur in the surface layers of the Antarctic ocean in the east wind drift, such as Pleuragramma antarcticum, Notolepis coatsi and Euphausia superba, consistent with the surface feeding habits of Antarctic petrels.
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  • 96
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    The assessment of stocks of annual squid species (1990)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 8 (4). pp. 335-350.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-18
    Description: Methodology for assessing squid fisheries is presented focusing on the estimation of exploitation rate, stock size and the fishing power of the vessels. The assessment is designed to provide input into management decisions for effort limited fisheries. The fishery for Illex argentinus around the Falkland Islands is used as an example for the methods. The development of a management policy for this fishery is described more fully in a related paper. The methods are based on modifications to standard Leslie-Delury analysis. Various regression methods are utilized depending on the number of fleets for which detailed data are available. The statistical procedures also yield estimates of the standard errors of the estimates for evaluating the assessment advice.
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  • 97
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    Genetic diversity and population differentiation of the shortfin squid Illex argentinus in the south-west Atlantic (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 158 (1). pp. 105-121.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-23
    Description: Sixteen samples (588 individuals) of the Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus were collected by commercial vessels from Falkland and surrounding waters (42°06–51°17S) between February and May 1990 and subjected to starch gel electrophoresis. Levels of electrophoretically detectable generic variability and the extent of population differentiation were determined from allele frequencies at 25 enzyme-coding loci. Low levels of genetic variability were detected, with the overall proportion of polymorphic loci, P = 0.28, mean heterozygosities per locus, H1 = 0.011, and the average effective number of alleles, Nc = 1.23. Marked population differentiation was indicated by significant differences in allele frequency among samples, and unbalanced genotypic distributions with heterozygote deficits at most loci. Nei's mean genetic distances (D) and identities (I) ranged from 0.000 to 0.130 and 1.000 to 0.878, respectively, underlining the marked genetic divergence detected. Some evidence of microgeographic differentiation (between replicates within sites) was observed. Individuals collected from northerly limits of the sampled area (42: 06 S, 58:09 W) were most genetically distinct (I = 0.878−0.904), suggesting the existence of a hitherto unrecognised subspecies or species of Illex. Emphasis is placed on the need to delimit putative stock boundaries, and develop appropriate population models to ensure conservation of genetic resources.
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  • 98
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    Cephalopod biology in the fisheries context (1990)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 8 (4). pp. 303-321.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-31
    Description: The biology of exploited cephalopod stocks is reviewed. Individual growth rates are high, slowing drastically or becoming erratic at sexual maturity. Growth estimates depend on aquarium studies and population modal analysis. In some cases, ring markings in the statolith appear to be age-related, but at present there is no generally applicable method of age determination. Sexes are separate and fertilization is normally by direct mating. Rapid maturation is followed by a single spawning season and, with few exceptions, an early death. Methods for estimation of fecundity are poorly developed. Annual recruitment to the population is essential and depends critically on each year's breeding success and the survival of eggs and hatchlings. Many cephalopod species have a planktonic stage of variable duration but no specialized larval stages. Cephalopods are carnivorous animals with very high gross growth efficiency. They are also consumed in large quantities by higher trophic levels leading to suggestions that cephalopods are potentially capable of supporting significantly increased levels of exploitation. The difficulties of modelling these populations are recognized
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 99
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    Trophic relations of the cephalopod Martialia hyadesi (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae) at the Antarctic Polar Front, Scotia Sea (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 114 (3). pp. 415-421.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-16
    Description: Samples of the squid Martialia hyadesi were collected aboard two Japanese squid-jigging vessels carrying out commercial fishing trials at the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, north Scotia Sea, in February 1989. The dissected stomachs of 61 specimens were classified according to fullness and the contents were examined visually. Identifiable food items included fish sagittal otoliths, crustacean eyes, the lappets on euphausiid first antennule segments and cephalopod sucker rings. The most frequent items in the squid's diet were the myctophid fishes Krefftichthys anderssoni and Electrona carlsbergi, the euphausiid Euphausia superba and a hyperiid amphipod, probably Themisto gaudichaudi. A small proportion of the sample had been feeding cannibalistically. Total lengths of the fish prey were estimated from sagittal otolith size using published relationships. All fish were relatively small; 7 to 35% of squid mantle-length. However, it is possible that some heads of larger fish are discarded by the squid and so are not represented by otoliths in the stomach contents. Over the size range of squid in the sample there was no relationship between size of fish prey and size of squid. Similarly, when the squid sample was divided into groups according to prey categories: crustaceans, crustaceans+fish, fish, cephalopod, there was no evidence that dietary preference was related to squid size. The prevalence of copepod-feeding myctophids in the diet of this squid, which is itself a major prey item of some higher predators in the Scotia Sea, suggests that a previously unrecognised food chain: copepod-myctophid-M. hyadesi-higher predator, may be an important component of the Antarctic oceanic ecosystem.
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  • 100
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    Correlation of bioluminescence emissions with ventral photophores in the mesopelagic squidAbralia veranyi (Cephalopoda: Enoploteuthidae) (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 112 (2). pp. 293-298.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Specimens of the squidAbralia veranyi were collected off the Bahamas in 1989. The bioluminescence of the ventral photophores was recorded on videotape at 11 to 12°C and 24°C, in conjunction with measurements of the spectral emission at the same temperatures. At 11 °C, the spectrum was unimodal, peaking at 490 nm with a narrow bandwidth. At the higher temperature a shoulder at about 440 nm appeared in the emission spectrum. The short, bright flashes from the subocular photophores had a broader bandwidth and a shorter wavelength emission maximum (475 nm) than that of the ventral photophores. Video recordings at the two temperatures showed no changes in either the identities of the luminescing photophores or their relative intensities. One structurally distinct type of photophore was not illuminated. We conclude that the observed spectral changes were produced within one group of photophores, and that recruitment of the unilluminated photophores would produce an additional spectral component, previously reported from another species ofAbralia (A. trigonura).
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