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  • Other Sources  (96)
  • Cambridge University Press  (50)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (28)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2000-2004  (96)
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  • 1
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    Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation (2004)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 264 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 052)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Acoustics ; Elasticity ; Layers ; Cagniard ; Inversion ; WKBJ ; Maslov ; Born ; Kirchhoff ; Migration of earthquakes ; Inhomogeneity ; more ; advanced ; than ; Aki ; and ; Richards ; MATLAB
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Elastic Wave Propagation and Generation in Seismology (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 444 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0 521 52046 0 (pb); ISBN: 0 521 81730 7 (hb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: ... Pujol's book differs from the others in its purely theoretical approach to the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The author aims to fill a gap between the advanced books and the introductory ones, providing a complete derivation of the mathematical developments. ... One does not have to look for proofs elsewhere.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; theory
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    The History of South American Tropical Precipitation for the Past 25,000 Years (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 291 (5504). pp. 640-643.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.
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  • 4
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    Fast extension but little exhumation: the Vari detachment in the Cyclades, Greece (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 140 (3). pp. 245-252.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Markedly different cooling histories for the hanging- and footwall of theVari detachment on Syros and Tinos islands, Greece, are revealed by zircon and apatite fission-track data. The Vari/Akrotiri unit in the hangingwall cooled slowly at rates of 5–15 ◦CMyr−1 since Late Cretaceous times. Samples from the Cycladic blueschist unit in the footwall of the detachment on Tinos Island have a mean zircon fission-track age of 10.0±1.0 Ma, which together with a published mean apatite fission-track age of 9.4±0.5 Ma indicates rapid cooling at rates of at least ∼60 ◦CMyr−1. We derive a minimum slip rate of ∼6.5 kmMyr−1 and a displacement of 〉∼20 km and propose that the development of the detachment in the thermally softened magmatic arc aided fast displacement. Intra-arc extension accomplished the final ∼6–9 km of exhumation of the Cycladic blueschists from ∼60 km depth. The fast-slipping intra-arc detachments did not cause much exhumation, but were important for regionalscale extension and the formation of the Aegean Sea.
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  • 5
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    Microbial Reefs in the Black Sea Fueled by Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 297 (5583). pp. 1013-1015.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-07
    Description: Massive microbial mats covering up to 4-meter-high carbonate buildups prosper at methane seeps in anoxic waters of the northwestern Black Sea shelf. Strong 13C depletions indicate an incorporation of methane carbon into carbonates, bulk biomass, and specific lipids. The mats mainly consist of densely aggregated archaea (phylogenetic ANME-1 cluster) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcusgroup). If incubated in vitro, these mats perform anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction. Obviously, anaerobic microbial consortia can generate both carbonate precipitation and substantial biomass accumulation, which has implications for our understanding of carbon cycling during earlier periods of Earth's history.
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  • 6
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    Lanice arakani, a new species of the family Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Sedentaria) from seamounts of the West Mariana Ridge (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 . pp. 249-257.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A new species of terebellid polychaete, Lanice arakani sp. nov., is described from two specimens collected in deep water at seamounts of the west Pacific by the submersible `JAGO', and comparisons are made with the established species of the genus. Special reference is given to the morphology of the worm's sediment tube and in situ observations.
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  • 7
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    Parasite Selection for Immunogenetic Optimality (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 301 (5638). p. 1343.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-31
    Description: In vertebrates, genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with their pronounced polymorphism, potentially represent outstanding examples for the selective advantages of genetic diversity (1). Theoretical models predicted that, within an individual, MHC alleles can be subjected to two opposing selective forces, resulting in an optimal number of genes at intermediate individual MHC diversity (2, 3). Diversifying selection increases heterozygosity and enables wider recognition of pathogens (4). This process is opposed by the need to delete T cells that react with self peptide–MHC combinations (5) from the repertoire, which has been proposed as a possible mechanism constraining expansion of MHC genes. Because too high MHC diversity might delimit T cell diversity, it might also impose limitations on the efficiency of pathogen recognition. However, empirical evidence demonstrating fitness benefits in terms of parasite resistance caused by this type of optimal MHC diversity has been lacking. Therefore, we tested whether three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) carrying an intermediate level of individual MHC diversity also displayed the strongest level of resistance against parasite infection. Sticklebacks are particularly suited to test MHC optimality, because MHC class II genotypes can differ markedly in the number of MHC class IIB alleles (6). We caught fish from an outbred population and used these to breed six sibships of immunologically naïve fish (i.e., they had no previous contact to parasites). Immunogenetic diversity ranged from three to nine MHC class IIB alleles found in reverse-transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) [see (6) for details on genotyping]. The MHC genotypes within these sibships segregated above and below the hypothesized optimal number of ∼5 MHC class IIB alleles, which had previously been estimated in an epidemiological field survey (7). In individual infection treatments, fish from all sibships were simultaneously exposed to three of the most abundant parasite species identified in the field (Fig. 1A) (8). After two rounds of infection, separated by an interval of 8 weeks, we found a significant minimal mean infection rate at an intermediate number of individual MHC class IIB variants [i.e., 5.82 expressed alleles (Fig. 1B)]. This result was also confirmed when sibships were considered separately [i.e., 4.96 alleles (Fig. 1C)] (9). The strong pattern only appeared when infection with all three parasites was accounted for simultaneously. This may not be surprising, because single alleles are expected to correlate with single diseases and multiple alleles can contribute to resistance against several infectious agents (2).
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  • 8
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    Parasite Selection for Immunogenetic Optimality (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 301 (5638). p. 1343.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-14
    Description: In vertebrates, genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with their pronounced polymorphism, potentially represent outstanding examples for the selective advantages of genetic diversity (1). Theoretical models predicted that, within an individual, MHC alleles can be subjected to two opposing selective forces, resulting in an optimal number of genes at intermediate individual MHC diversity (2, 3). Diversifying selection increases heterozygosity and enables wider recognition of pathogens (4). This process is opposed by the need to delete T cells that react with self peptide–MHC combinations (5) from the repertoire, which has been proposed as a possible mechanism constraining expansion of MHC genes. Because too high MHC diversity might delimit T cell diversity, it might also impose limitations on the efficiency of pathogen recognition. However, empirical evidence demonstrating fitness benefits in terms of parasite resistance caused by this type of optimal MHC diversity has been lacking. Therefore, we tested whether three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) carrying an intermediate level of individual MHC diversity also displayed the strongest level of resistance against parasite infection. Sticklebacks are particularly suited to test MHC optimality, because MHC class II genotypes can differ markedly in the number of MHC class IIB alleles (6). We caught fish from an outbred population and used these to breed six sibships of immunologically naïve fish (i.e., they had no previous contact to parasites). Immunogenetic diversity ranged from three to nine MHC class IIB alleles found in reverse-transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) [see (6) for details on genotyping]. The MHC genotypes within these sibships segregated above and below the hypothesized optimal number of ∼5 MHC class IIB alleles, which had previously been estimated in an epidemiological field survey (7). In individual infection treatments, fish from all sibships were simultaneously exposed to three of the most abundant parasite species identified in the field (Fig. 1A) (8). After two rounds of infection, separated by an interval of 8 weeks, we found a significant minimal mean infection rate at an intermediate number of individual MHC class IIB variants [i.e., 5.82 expressed alleles (Fig. 1B)]. This result was also confirmed when sibships were considered separately [i.e., 4.96 alleles (Fig. 1C)] (9). The strong pattern only appeared when infection with all three parasites was accounted for simultaneously. This may not be surprising, because single alleles are expected to correlate with single diseases and multiple alleles can contribute to resistance against several infectious agents (2).
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  • 9
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    Zinc Complexation in Hydrothermal Chloride Brines: Results from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Calculations (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 107 (7). pp. 1050-1054.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: We determined the coordination environment of Zn2+ in aqueous Cl- brines at 25 °C and 300 °C using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The ZnCl+ and ZnCl2 complexes exist as pseudo-octahedral ZnClm(H2O)6-m clusters at 25 °C but occur as pseudo-tetrahedral ZnClm(H2O)4-m clusters at 300 °C. The ZnCl3- complex occurs as the pseudo-tetrahedral ZnCl3(H2O)- cluster at 25 and 300 °C. The tetrahedral ZnCl42- complex, however, is the dominant Zn−Cl complex at 25 °C, at least in highly concentrated (7.4 m) Cl- brines. The change in hydration number with temperature for the ZnCl+ and ZnCl2 complexes will complicate extrapolations of solvation energies to hydrothermal conditions using a Born-model-based equation of state.
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  • 10
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    The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 305 . pp. 367-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 ± 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for ∼48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 ± 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential.
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  • 11
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    γ-Linolenic Acid Biosynthesis: Cryptoregiochemistry of Δ6Desaturation (2001)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Organic Chemistry, 66 (4). pp. 1210-1215.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: The valuable nutraceutical γ-linolenic acid (GLA, (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid) is biosynthesized by a series of regio- and stereoselective dehydrogenation reactions that are catalyzed by a set of enzymes known as fatty acid desaturases. As part of ongoing research into the mechanism of these remarkable catalysts, we have examined the cryptoregiochemistry (site of initial oxidation) of Δ6 desaturation as it occurs in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. Two complementary approaches that address this issue are described. In the first set of experiments, we measured the individual primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects associated with the C−H bond cleavages at C-6 and C-7. Competition experiments using appropriately deuterium-labeled 4-thiasubstrates revealed that a large KIE (kH/kD = 7.1 ± 0.5) was observed for the C−H bond-breaking step at C-6, whereas the C−H bond cleavage at C-7 was insensitive to deuterium substitution (kH/kD = 1.04 ± 0.05). These results point to C-6 as the site of initial oxidation in Δ6 desaturation since the first chemical step in this type of reaction is rupture of a strong, unactivated C−H bond, an energetically difficult process that typically exhibits a large KIE. This conclusion was supported by the results of our second approach, which involved locating the position of the putative diiron oxo oxidant with respect to substrate by monitoring the efficiency of oxo transfer to a series of thia fatty acid probes. Thus only a 6-thia-analogue is converted to significant amounts of the corresponding sulfoxide (9% yield). The absolute configuration of this product was determined to be S using (S)-MPAA as a chiral shift reagent. Taken together, these results point to the abstraction of the C-6 pro S hydrogen as the initial event in Δ6 desaturation as it occurs in T. thermophila.
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  • 12
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    Seismic imaging of the downwelling Indian lithosphere beneath Central Tibet (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 300 (5624). pp. 1424-1427.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: A tomographic image of the upper mantle beneath central Tibet from INDEPTH data has revealed a subvertical high-velocity zone from ~ 100- to ~ 400- kilometers depth, located approximately south of the Bangong-Nujiang Suture. We interpret this zone to be downwelling Indian mantle lithosphere. This additional lithosphere would account for the total amount of shortening in the Himalayas and Tibet. A consequence of this downwelling would be a deficit of asthenosphere, which should be balanced by an upwelling counterflow, and thus could explain the presence of warm mantle beneath north-central Tibet.
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  • 13
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    Prokaryotic Chromosomes and Disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 301 (5634). pp. 790-793.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-27
    Description: Recent insights into bacterial genome organization and function have improved our understanding of the nature of pathogenic bacteria and their ability to cause disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that the bacterial chromosome constantly undergoes structural changes due to gene acquisition and loss, recombination, and mutational events that have an impact on the pathogenic potential of the bacterium. Even though the bacterial genome includes additional genetic elements, the chromosome represents the most important entity in this context. Here, we will show that various processes of genomic instability have an influence on the many manifestations of infectious disease
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  • 14
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    Laser 40Ar39Ar ages of single detrital white mica grains related to the exhumation of Neoproterozoic and Late Devonian high pressure rocks in the Southern Urals (Russia) (2004)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 141 (2). pp. 161-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Single grains of detrital white mica from two different synorogenic sediments in the Southern Urals were analysed using the in situ ultraviolet laser ablation Ar–Ar dating technique to discriminate between age signatures associated with a high-pressure signal (phengites) from those related to muscovite only. Two disparately aged sandstone formations of Neoproterozoic (Upper Vendian) and Upper Devonian (Famennian) age were formed by the erosion of high-relief source areas with contemporaneously exhumed high-pressure rocks. A bimodal distribution of ages and chemical compositions can be detected in the two detrital populations. There is no age overlap between the two populations, reflecting completely different source areas containing high-pressure rocks of different ages.Within the Upper Vendian sandstones, detrital white mica from a 571–609 Ma age group is phengitic in composition (Si 3.3–3.41 per formula unit), while an older 645–732 Ma age group is comprised of muscovite composition grains only. The first group is compatible with the time of late exhumation and emplacement of a source area containing high-pressure rocks, the Neoproterozoic Beloretzk terrane. The older age range is compatible with a long history of cooling and the allochthonous nature of this terrane. Detrital white mica from the Famennian sandstones(Zilair Formation) comprises one age group (342–421 Ma) containing phengite (Si 3.21–3.39 per formula unit) and muscovite, and a second group (446–496 Ma) containing muscovite only. While the derivation of the second group cannot be correlated with any as yet known regional data, the first age group indicates the earliest arrival of high-pressure rocks at the surface along the suture zone after Late Devonian arc–continent collision.
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  • 15
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    Rapid Kimberlite Ascent and the Significance of Ar-Ar Ages in Xenolith Phlogopites (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 289 (5479). pp. 609-611.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Kimberlite eruptions bring exotic rock fragments and minerals, including diamonds, from deep within the mantle up to the surface. Such fragments are rapidly absorbed into the kimberlite magma so their appearance at the surface implies rapid transport from depth. High spatial resolution Ar-Ar age data on phlogopite grains in xenoliths from Malaita in the Solomon Islands, southwest Pacific, and Elovy Island in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, indicate transport times of hours to days depending upon the magma temperature. In addition, the data show that the phlogopite grains preserve Ar-Ar ages recorded at high temperature in the mantle, 700°C above the conventional closure temperature.
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  • 16
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    Separation and Detection of Siderophores Produced by Marine Bacterioplankton Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 75 (11). pp. 2647-2652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was applied to the detection of the iron(III) complexes of the hydroxamate siderophores rhodotoluric acid, deferrioxamine B, and deferrichrome. Separation of the iron(III) complexes was obtained using a polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary phase. The retention and responses of ferrioxamine and ferrichrome were optimal when a gradient elution program with methanol and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases was used. These conditions were also suitable for the retention and separation of the uncomplexed ligands. Retention of iron(III) rhodotoluate was improved when formic acid was replaced by the ion-pairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%). Detection limits for the ferric complexes, defined as 3 SD of the lowest determined standard, were 26 nM for iron(III) rhodotoluate, 0.23 nM for ferrioxamine, and 0.40 nM for ferrichrome. A protocol for the solid-phase extraction of these hydroxamate siderophores from seawater was developed and applied to the extraction of siderophores from enriched incubated seawater samples.
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  • 17
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    Separation and Detection of Siderophores Produced by Marine Bacterioplankton Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 75 (11). pp. 2647-2652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was applied to the detection of the iron(III) complexes of the hydroxamate siderophores rhodotoluric acid, deferrioxamine B, and deferrichrome. Separation of the iron(III) complexes was obtained using a polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary phase. The retention and responses of ferrioxamine and ferrichrome were optimal when a gradient elution program with methanol and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases was used. These conditions were also suitable for the retention and separation of the uncomplexed ligands. Retention of iron(III) rhodotoluate was improved when formic acid was replaced by the ion-pairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%). Detection limits for the ferric complexes, defined as 3 SD of the lowest determined standard, were 26 nM for iron(III) rhodotoluate, 0.23 nM for ferrioxamine, and 0.40 nM for ferrichrome. A protocol for the solid-phase extraction of these hydroxamate siderophores from seawater was developed and applied to the extraction of siderophores from enriched incubated seawater samples.
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  • 18
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    Origin and Migration of the Alpine Iceman (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 302 (5646). pp. 862-866.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The Alpine Iceman provides a unique window into the Neolithic-Copper Age of Europe. We compared the radiogenic (strontium and lead) and stable (oxygen and carbon) isotope composition of the Iceman's teeth and bones, as well as 40Ar/39Ar mica ages from his intestine, to local geology and hydrology, and we inferred his habitat and range from childhood to adult life. The Iceman's origin can be restricted to a few valleys within ∼60 kilometers south(east) of the discovery site. His migration during adulthood is indicated by contrasting isotopic compositions of enamel, bones, and intestinal content. This demonstrates that the Alpine valleys of central Europe were permanently inhabited during the terminal Neolithic.
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  • 19
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    The ocean takes a deep breath (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 306 (5700). p. 1377.
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-08
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  • 20
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    The North Atlantic carbon cycle: new perspectives from JGOFS and WOCE (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. , ed. by Hanson, R. B., Ducklow, H. W. and Field, J. G. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 375-391.
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-26
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 21
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    Widespread Intense Turbulent Mixing in the Southern Ocean (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 303 . pp. 210-213.
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
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  • 22
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    Ventilation of the Glacial Deep Pacific Ocean (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 306 (5699). pp. 1169-1172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Measurements of the age difference between coexisting benthic and planktic foraminifera from western equatorial Pacific deep-sea cores suggest that during peak glacial time the radiocarbon age of water at 2-kilometers depth was no greater than that of today. These results make unlikely suggestions that a slowdown in deep-ocean ventilation was responsible for a sizable fraction of the increase of the ratio of carbon-14 (14C) to carbon in the atmosphere and surface ocean during glacial time. Comparison of 14C ages for coexisting wood and planktic foraminifera from the same site suggests that the atmosphere to surface ocean 14C to C ratio difference was not substantially different from today's.
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  • 23
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    Changes in the cephalopod diet of southern elephant seal females at King George Island, during El Niño - La Niña events (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 82 . pp. 913-916.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Possible effects of ‘El Niño’ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) components ‘El Niño’ and ‘La Niña’ on populations of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, were analysed. Changes in the cephalopod diet composition of moulting females at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula were considered. The diet of female elephant seals sampled in 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 (El Niño years) were compared with those taken in 1995–1996 (La Niña year) at the same site and employing the same methodology. The squid Psychroteuthis glacialis constituted the main cephalopod prey of the seals. A reduction in the ‘Index of Biomass Ingested’ by female elephant seals (IBIF) of this prey species was observed in ‘El Niño’ years (1992, 1993) compared with the ‘La Niña’ year (1996). This reduction in biomass applied to all squid species in the seals' prey with the exception of Galiteuthis glacialis, which occurred in low numbers, but was more abundant during El Niño years than in the La Niña year.
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  • 24
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    Hydrothermal ageing of oceanic crust: inferences from seismic refraction and borehole studies. (2004)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Hydrogeology of Oceanic Lithosphere. , ed. by Davis, E. E. and Elderfield, H. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 128-150. 1 ISBN 0521819296
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
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    The North Atlantic Oscillation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 291 (5504). pp. 603-605.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during winter. It strongly affects agricultural yields, water management, fish inventories, and terrestrial ecology. In their Perspective, Hurrell, Kushnir, and Visbeck report recent research into the NAO discussed at an American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference at the end of 2000. Much remains to be learned about the NAO, but it seems increasingly less likely that natural variability is the cause for the recent upward NAO trend.
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    Fluorine in primitive magmas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex, Cyprus: Analytical methods and main results (2002)
    Springer Science + Business Media | MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ.
    In:  Geochemistry International, 40 (7). pp. 691-699.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Modern models for the development and evolution of the geochemical heterogeneity in the Earth's mantle and the genesis of mantle magmas attach much importance to the processes of interaction between deepseated rocks and metasomatic fluids, which are able, when occurring under mantle conditions, to dissolve significant amounts of major and trace elements (see, for example, [1]). Fluorine is one of the major anions of natural fluids and also one of the principal complex-forming ligands of several metals. To evaluate the possible role of fluorine in the processes of mantle magma genesis and to identify the source of this element in natural magmas in various geodynamic environments, it is necessary to know the fluorine concentration in primitive mantle melts. These data are still relatively scarce, particularly for low alkaline magmas [2-4]. The fluorine concentrations in magmas from suprasubduction zones, whose genesis is largely controlled by the interaction between mantle rocks and fluids, remain poorly known and need further refinement. Data presented in this paper are among the first to characterize the concentrations of fluorine in primitive magmas of suprasubduction zones. These data were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry of chill glasses from the lava complex of the Troodos ophiolites in Cyprus. Along with information on the concentrations of major and trace elements, H2O, and Cl in the glasses, our results make it possible to utilize the example of the Troodos ophiolites to characterize the main regularities in the geochemistry of fluorine during the origin of magmas above subduction zones and to assay the contributions of various components that participated in the processes of mantle melting. These data are among the first to demonstrate that subduction-related melts became enriched in F relative to LREE.
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    Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science (299). pp. 389-392.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Overexploitation threatens the future of many large vertebrates. In the ocean, tunas and sea turtles are current conservation concerns because of this intense pressure. The status of most shark species, in contrast, remains uncertain. Using the largest data set in the Northwest Atlantic, we show rapid large declines in large coastal and oceanic shark populations. Scalloped hammerhead, white, and thresher sharks are each estimated to have declined by over 75% in the past 15 years. Closed-area models highlight priority areas for shark conservation, and the need to consider effort reallocation and site selection if marine reserves are to benefit multiple threatened species.
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    Temporal trends in deep ocean Redfield ratios (Reply to technical comment by Zhang et al.) (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 289 (5454). p. 1837.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The Redfield ratio [carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P)] of particle flux to the deep ocean is a key factor in marine biogeochemical cycling. Changes in oceanic carbon sequestration have been linked to variations in the Redfield ratio on geological time scales, but this ratio generally is assumed to be constant with time in the modern ocean. However, deep-water Redfield ratios in the northern hemisphere show evidence for temporal trends over the past five decades. The North Atlantic Ocean exhibits a rising N:P ratio, which may be related to increased deposition of atmospheric nitrous oxides from anthropogenic N emissions. In the North Pacific Ocean, increasing C:N and C:P ratios are accompanied by rising remineralization rates, which suggests intensified export production. Stronger export of carbon in this region may be due to enhanced bioavailability of aeolian iron. These findings imply that the biological part of the marine carbon cycle currently is not in steady state.
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    Asphalt volcanism and chemosynthetic life, Campeche Knoll, Gulf of Mexico (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 304 . pp. 999-1002.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: In the Campeche Knolls, in the southern Gulf of Mexico, lava-like flows of solidified asphalt cover more than 1 square kilometer of the rim of a dissected salt dome at a depth of 3000 meters below sea level. Chemosynthetic tubeworms and bivalves colonize the sea floor near the asphalt, which chilled and contracted after discharge. The site also includes oil seeps, gas hydrate deposits, locally anoxic sediments, and slabs of authigenic carbonate. Asphalt volcanism creates a habitat for chemosynthetic life that may be widespread at great depth in the Gulf of Mexico.
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    Response to Comment on "Parasite Selection for Immunogenetic Optimality" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 303 (5660). 957b-957.
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-04
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    Transient dynamics at the onset of Tailor vortices (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 476 . pp. 335-343.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-15
    Description: The effect of boundary conditions on the ‘critical dynamics’ at the onset of Taylor vortices is investigated in a combined numerical and experimental study. Numerical calculations of Navier–Stokes equations with ‘stress-free’ boundary conditions show that the Landau amplitude equation provides a good model of the transient dynamics. However, this rapidly breaks down when the ‘no-slip’ condition is approached. Apparent ‘critical’ behaviour observed in experiments is shown to have a surprising dependence on the length of the system.
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    Climate Swings Come into Focus (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 294 (5550). pp. 2308-2309.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: The last glacial period was far from quiet. During so-called Heinrich events, large armadas of icebergs were shed from the ice sheet that covered much of North America. The tracks of debris left by the melting icebergs can still be seen in sediment cores from the North Atlantic. In their Perspective, Broecker and Hemming report from a recent miniconference that attempted to chart the climatic impacts of these events.
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    Was the Medieval Warm Period Global? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 291 (5508). pp. 1497-1499.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: During the Medieval Warm Period (800 to 1200 A.D.), the Vikings colonized Greenland. In his Perspective, Broecker discusses whether this warm period was global or regional in extent. He argues that it is the last in a long series of climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic, that it was likely global, and that the present warming should be attributed in part to such an oscillation, upon which the warming due to greenhouse gases is superimposed.
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    Does the Trigger for Abrupt Climate Change Reside in the Ocean or in the Atmosphere? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 300 (5625). pp. 1519-1522.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain the large and abrupt climate changes that punctuated glacial time. One attributes such changes to reorganizations of the ocean's thermohaline circulation and the other to changes in tropical atmosphere-ocean dynamics. In an attempt to distinguish between these hypotheses, two lines of evidence are examined. The first involves the timing of the freshwater injections to the northern Atlantic that have been suggested as triggers for the global impacts associated with the Younger Dryas and Heinrich events. The second has to do with evidence for precursory events associated with the Heinrich ice-rafted debris layers in the northern Atlantic and with the abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger warmings recorded in the Santa Barbara Basin.
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    Glacial-to-Holocene Redistribution of Carbonate Ion in the Deep Sea (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 294 (5549). pp. 2152-2155.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: We have reconstructed the glacial-age distribution of carbonate ion concentration in the deep waters of the equatorial ocean on the basis of differences in weight between glacial and Holocene foraminifera shells picked from a series of cores spanning a range of water depth on the western Atlantic's Ceara Rise and the western Pacific's Ontong Java Plateau. The results suggest that unlike today's ocean, sizable vertical gradients in the carbonate ion concentration existed in the glacial-age deep ocean. In the equatorial Pacific, the concentration increased with depth, and in the Atlantic, it decreased with depth. In addition, the contrast between the carbonate ion concentration in deep waters produced in the northern Atlantic and deep water in the Pacific appears to have been larger than in today's ocean.
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    Yanuthones: Novel Metabolites from a Marine Isolate ofAspergillusniger (2000)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Organic Chemistry, 65 (21). pp. 7195-7200.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
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    Seismic detection of marine methane hydrate (2002)
    American Institute of Physics
    In:  The Leading Edge, 21 (7). pp. 686-689.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: As offshore petroleum exploration and development move into deeper water, industry must contend increasingly with gas hydrate, a solid compound that binds water and a low-molecular-weight gas (usually methane). Gas hydrate has been long studied in industry from an engineering viewpoint, due to its tendency to clog gas pipelines. However, hydrate also occurs naturally wherever there are high pressures, low temperatures, and sufficient concentrations of gas and water. These conditions prevail in two natural environments, both of which are sites of active exploration: permafrost regions and marine sediments on continental slopes. In this article we discuss seismic detection of gas hydrate in marine sediments. Gas hydrate in deepwater sediments poses both new opportunities and new hazards. An enormous quantity of natural gas, likely far exceeding the global inventory of conventional fossil fuels, is locked up worldwide in hydrates. Ex-traction of this unconventional resource presents unique exploration, engineering, and economic challenges, and several countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada, India, and Korea, have initiated joint industry-academic-governmental programs to begin studying those challenges. Hydrates also constitute a potential drilling hazard. Because hydrates are only stable in a restricted range of pressure and temperature, any activity that sufficiently raises temperature or lowers pressure could destabilize them, releasing potentially large volumes of gas and decreasing the shear strength of the host sediments. Assessment of the opportunities and hazards associated with hydrates requires reliable methods of detecting hydrate and accurate maps of their distribution and concentration. Hydrate may occur only within the upper few hundred meters of deepwater sediment, at any depth between the seafloor and the base of the stability zone, which is controlled by local pressure and temperature. Hydrate is occasionally exposed at the seafloor, where it can be detected either visually or acoustically by strong seismic reflection amplitudes or high backscatter …
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    Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernemental Panel on Climate Change. , ed. by Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y. and Griggs, D. J. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 417-470. ISBN 0521-01495-6
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-30
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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    The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Climate Change 2001: the Scientific Basis. Contributions of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. , ed. by Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K. and Johnson, C. A. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 185-237.
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-10
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    Composition of Magmatic Melts from the Southern Baikal Volcanic Region: A Study of Inclusions in Olivine from Trachybasalts (2003)
    Springer Science + Business Media | MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ.
    In:  Geochemistry International, 41 (3). pp. 213-223.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
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    The challenge of long-term climate change (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 302 . pp. 1923-1925.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Climate policy needs to address the multidecadal to centennial time scale of climate change. Although the realization of short-term targets is an important first step, to be effective climate policies need to be conceived as long-term programs that will achieve a gradual transition to an essentially emission-free economy on the time scale of a century. This requires a considerably broader spectrum of policy measures than the primarily market-based instruments invoked for shorter term mitigation policies. A successful climate policy must consist of a dual approach focusing on both short-term targets and long-term goals
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    Microcionamides A and B, bioactive peptides from the Philippine sponge Clathria (Thalysias) abietina (2004)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Organic Chemistry, 69 (12). pp. 4170-4176.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-22
    Description: Microcionamides A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the Philippine marine sponge Clathria (Thalysias) abietina. These new linear peptides are cyclized via a cystine moiety and have their C-terminus blocked by a 2-phenylethylenamine group. Their total structures, including absolute stereochemistry, were determined by a combination of spectral and chemical methods. Compound 1 was shown to slowly isomerize about the C-36/C-37 double bond when stored in DMSO. Microcionamides A (1) and B (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the human breast tumor cells lines MCF-7 and SKBR-3 and displayed inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.
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    Bioactive isomalabaricane triterpenes from the marine sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata (2002)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Natural Products, 65 (2). pp. 210-214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: Two new isomalabaricane triterpenes, stellettin H (1) and stellettin I (2), have been isolated from the marine sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata, collected from the Philippines. Stellettins A−D (3−6), (−)-stellettin E (7), and rhabdastrellic acid-A (8) were also isolated and characterized. Stellettin B (4) and (−)-stellettin E (7) showed selective cytotoxicity toward p21WAF1/Cip1-deficient human colon tumor (HCT-116) cells with IC50 values of 0.043 and 0.039 μM, respectively.
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    Aldisine alkaloids from the Philippine sponge Stylissa massa are potent inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK-1) (2002)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 45 (2). pp. 529-532.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Raf/MEK-1/MAPK cascade inhibitor activity-directed fractionation of the sponge Stylissa massa afforded eight known alkaloids:  aldisine (1), 2-bromoaldisine (2), 10Z-debromohymenialdisine (3), 10E-hymenialdisine (4), 10Z-hymenialdisine (5), hymenin (6), oroidin (7), and 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carbonamide (8). Both 4 and 5 showed significant enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 3 and 6 nM, respectively). Secondary assays identified these compounds as potent MEK-1 inhibitors. Compounds 4 and 5 also inhibited the growth of human tumor LoVo cells.
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    Flavonoid, iridoid, and lignan glycosides from Putoria calabrica (2001)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Natural Products, 64 (7). pp. 961-964.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: From the aerial parts of Putoria calabrica, two new flavonol triglycosides were isolated and their structures were elucidated as quercetin-3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1, calabricoside A) and quercetin-3-O-[4‘ ‘‘-O-caffeoyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2, calabricoside B). Additionally, seven iridoid and three lignan glycosides were isolated and characterized. Radical scavenging activities of all compounds were determined by quantifying their effects on luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Calabricoside A and B showed strong radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.3 μM, respectively.
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    Deoxyamphimedine, a new pyridoacridine alkaloid from two tropical Xestospongia sponges (2001)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Organic Chemistry, 66 (9). pp. 3246-3248.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
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  • 47
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    An iridoid glucoside from Euphrasia pectinata (2000)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Natural Products, 63 (10). pp. 1449-1450.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-22
    Description: A new iridoid glucoside, 5β,6β-dihydroxyboschnaloside (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Euphrasia pectinata. Five known iridoid glucosides, 6β-hydroxyboschnaloside (2), aucubin, euphroside, plantarenaloside, and geniposidic acid, and two known phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (= acteoside) and leucosceptoside A, were also obtained and characterized. The structure of compound 1 was established by spectroscopic evidence.
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    Field Application of an Automated Voltammetric System for High-Resolution Studies of Trace Metal Distributions in Dynamic Estuarine and Coastal Waters (2002)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  In: Environmental Electrochemistry. ACS Symposium Series, 811 . American Chemical Society, pp. 73-101. ISBN 9780841237742
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: The increasing environmental pressures on estuarine and coastal waters call for improved monitoring techniques of chemical constituents to aid management decisions. Automated stripping voltammetry is a suitable technique for continuous, near real-time monitoring of trace metals in marine systems. This contribution describes the application of voltammetric monitoring techniques in estuarine and coastal waters of the UK and Spain. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the data obtained, allows a thorough interpretation of the trace metal sources and behaviour. Future trends in this field research include submersible sensors which can be remotely deployed for a period of several weeks.
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    Microbes, Molecules, and Marine Ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 303 (5664). pp. 1622-1624.
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    Publication Date: 2019-03-06
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  • 50
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    The biology of the ommastrephid squid, Todarodes sagittatus, in the north-east Atlantic (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 299-306.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Todarodes sagittatus (N=1131) were opportunistically sampled from commercial and research trawling in Irish and Scottish waters between 1993 and 1998. The results suggest that the species is common in deep waters (〉200 m) to the west of Ireland and Scotland, particularly in late summer and autumn. The size of squid caught was related to depth, with larger squid caught deeper, and is indicative of an ontogenetic, bathymetric migration. Females were more common (sex ratio 1·00:0·46), and attained a larger maximum size (520 mm mantle length (ML)) than males (426 mm ML). Mature females (360–520 mm ML) were caught in deep water (〉500 m), between March and November, with a large catch of mature females taken off the west coast of Ireland in August 1996. Mature males (300–426 mm) were found from August to November. Potential fecundity was estimated to range from 205,000–523,500 eggs female −1 . Putative daily increments in statoliths indicated a life cycle of slightly over a year, with rapid growth of approximately 1·8 mm d −1 during subadult and adult life. Fish were the most important prey of T. sagittatus and 17 fish prey taxa were identified, of which pelagic species were the most important.
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    Fecundity, egg masses and hatchlings of Benthoctopus spp. (Octopodidae) in Falkland waters (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 267-270.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Four Benthoctopus species are recognized in the waters of the Falkland Islands: B. eureka , B. magellanicus, Benthoctopus sp. A , and Benthoctopus sp. B . Initial oocyte reserve of B. eureka is 250–535 eggs, the actual fecundity is 75–234 eggs while the rest of the oocytes degenerate at maturation. Larger females have higher fecundity. Gonad maturation of Benthoctopus sp. A and Benthoctopus sp. B follows a similar pattern. The Benthoctopus egg masses contained 170–190 eggs. The hatchlings possess arms that are much longer than mantle length with a large number of suckers, and do not have discernible chromatophores.
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  • 52
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    A large Cirroteuthis magna (Cephalopoda: Cirroctopoda) caught on the Cape Verde Terrace (North Atlantic) (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 357-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: A large, mature, female cirrate octopod, Cirroteuthis magna , was caught in a research trawl at 3200-m depth on the Cape Verde Terrace off the west African coast in November 1999. It is only the fourth recorded specimen of this species and the largest specimen (1,700 mm TL; 330 mm ML) of cirrate octopod ever caught. Detailed measurements were taken of the fresh and preserved specimen and indicated considerable shrinkage (17–32%) during formalin preservation. Careful dissection revealed large mature eggs (12·5–14 mm long) in the proximal oviduct, and a wide range of egg sizes and development stages in the ovary. The taxonomy and ecology of the species is briefly discussed.
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  • 53
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    Age and growth of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes sagittatus from the western Mediterranean Sea (2004)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84 (2). pp. 421-426.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-27
    Description: Age and growth of Todarodes sagittatus were estimated based on statolith analysis from individuals (N=352; 81–418 mm mantle length) caught by bottom trawlers during a year of sampling in the western Mediterranean. The daily nature of statolith increments was indirectly validated comparing the mean age of consecutive monthly modes (identified on the monthly length–frequency distributions) with the corresponding increase of 30 days. In agreement with other ommastrephids, results confirmed the following points: (1) lifespan lasts nearly a year; (2) growth rates decrease with age; (3) when adult, females have higher growth rates than males; and (4) females mature about a month later than males. Significant correlation was found between hatching (which occurred throughout the year but with a peak in November) and temperature at 50 m depth (where it is thought that hatchlings inhabit). Age and growth results were compared with those obtained in a similar work carried out in north-west Africa (Arkhipkin et al., 1999). Comparisons suggested that due to higher growth rates in juveniles, southern populations reach maturity and consequently decrease somatic growth at younger ages and smaller sizes than northern squid, which attain larger sizes as a result of maintaining fast growth and delaying maturation. Greater growth rates in juveniles from west Sahara could be explained by higher temperatures in this area than in the Mediterranean.
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  • 54
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    Population structure and growth of the squid Illex illecebrosus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) off Nova Scotia, north-west Atlantic (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 (2). pp. 367-368.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Population structure of the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus (Ommastrephidae) was studied on the Nova Scotian shelf between July–September 1984. It was characterized by a prevalence of winter-hatched squid in summer–early autumn, their short (three months of the summer) occurrence on the shelf, and a predominance of females in sex ratios during the feeding period. Ages of squid were estimated by statolith increment counts and ranged from 128 to 201 d. Growth in length was described by linear model with daily growth rates of 0.99 mm/d −1 . Adding the length-at-age data from juveniles caught in 1979 to the 1984 data set enabled to construct an ontogenetic growth curve for the winter-hatched squid which was best approximated by the Gompertz growth function.
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  • 55
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    Worldwide Observations of Remarkable Deep-Sea Squids (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 294 (5551). p. 2505.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
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  • 56
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    Species differentiation of Sepia officinalis and Sepia hierredda (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) based on morphological and allozyme analyses (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 271-281.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Two taxa of commercially exploited cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis and S. hierredda , are compared for the first time on the bases of quantitative morphology and allozyme polymorphisms. Morphometric measurements and meristic counts of selected soft and hard (cuttlebone) body characters, with allozyme electrophoretic analysis are used. Samples were obtained from north-west Iberian Peninsula and Senegalese waters (West Africa). Significant differences in mantle width, arm and hectocotylus length, numbers of rows of reduced suckers on the hectocotylus and in most cuttlebone measurements were found. Canonical discriminant functions of cuttlebone measurements for males and females were calculated. Allozyme electrophoresis for 33 presumptive loci showed low levels of genetic variability and 13 diagnostic loci between the two Sepia taxa. The genetic identities ( I ) in pairwise comparisons of populations of both taxa were I =0·582–0·596, which are typical values for congeneric species. These congruent morphological and genetic results strongly suggest that S. officinalis and S. hierredda are different species.
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  • 57
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    Control of octopus arm extension by a peripheral motor program (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 293 (5536). pp. 1845-1848.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: For goal-directed arm movements, the nervous system generates a sequence of motor commands that bring the arm toward the target. Control of the octopus arm is especially complex because the arm can be moved in any direction, with a virtually infinite number of degrees of freedom. Here we show that arm extensions can be evoked mechanically or electrically in arms whose connection with the brain has been severed. These extensions show kinematic features that are almost identical to normal behavior, suggesting that the basic motor program for voluntary movement is embedded within the neural circuitry of the arm itself. Such peripheral motor programs represent considerable simplification in the motor control of this highly redundant appendage.
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  • 58
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    Lipid and fatty acid composition of the mantle and digestive gland of four Southern Ocean squid species: implications for food-web studies (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 14 (3). pp. 212-220.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition of four Southern Ocean cephalopod species – the myopsid Sepioteuthis australis and three oegopsids, Gonatus antarcticus , Moroteuthis robsoni and Todarodes spp. – were analysed. The lipid content of the digestive gland was consistently greater than that of the mantle, and was an order of magnitude greater in oegopsid species. The lipid class and fatty acid composition of the mantle and digestive gland also differed markedly in each species. Digestive gland lipid is likely to be of dietary origin, and large amounts of lipid in the digestive gland of oegopsids may accumulate over time. Thus the digestive gland is a rich source of fatty acid dietary tracers and may provide a history of dietary intake. However, the absolute amount of dietary lipid in the digestive gland of oegopsid species exceeds the absolute lipid content of mantle tissue. Therefore the overall lipid “signature” of an oegopsid may more closely resemble its prey species rather than its mantle tissue. When lipid techniques are used in dietary analysis of teuthophagous predators, squid may not be represented by a unique signature in analyses and their importance in the diets of predators may be underestimated.
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  • 59
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    Pleistocene to Recent tectonics in the Rhenish Massif (Germany) (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw, 81 (2). pp. 217-221.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Uplift of the Rhenish Massif can be demonstrated by means of the stream-made river terrace system that accompanies the Rhine river and its tributaries along their way through or within this part of the Variscan fold and thrust belt. The height difference between a former valley floor, especially that of the Younger ‘Hauptterrasse’ (Main Terrace), and the recent one allows to quantify the uplift by the amount of downcutting erosion. The uplift velocity increased just after the BRUNHES / MATUYAMA boundary, i.e. about 0.8 Ma B.R Since that time, a domal uplift of more than 250 m is documented in the eastern Hunsriick and in the south-eastern Eifel. The area of this maximum height anomaly is situated just between the East-and West-Eifel Quaternary volcanic districts. Thus, causal connections are supposed. The domai uplift is affected by normal faulting partly inherited since Tertiary rifting.
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  • 60
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    Age and growth of the squid Todaropsis eblanae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) on the north-west African shelf (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 (4). pp. 747-748.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Length composition, maturation and growth of the ommastrephid squid Todaropsis eblanae were studied using length–frequency distributions (LFDs) and statoliths of squid caught off the north-west African coast. Length–frequency distributions were quite similar in all seasons studied, indicating all year round spawning. However, both high proportions of mature squid in the winter and the hatching peak of squid from our sample in spring suggested the winter–spring peak of spawning. Immature and maturing squid had rather high growth rates, attaining 140—150 mm of dorsal mantle length (ML) by the age of 160—170 d. Todaropsis eblanae is likely to have an annual life cycle on the north-west African shelf.
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  • 61
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    First records of Taningia danae (Cephalopoda: Octopoteuthidae) in Galician waters (north-west Spain) and in Scottish waters (UK) (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 355-356.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Biological data are presented on two specimens of Taningia danae , an adult female caught by a trawler in Galician waters (north-west Spain) and a juvenile caught in a deep-water research trawl in Scottish waters (UK). The species has not previously been recorded in either area, although its presence has been inferred from beaks found in sperm whale stomach contents.
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  • 62
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    Systematic position and reproduction of squid of the genus Alloteuthis (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in the eastern Mediterranean (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (6). pp. 983-985.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Squid of the genus Alloteuthis from the Aegean Sea and eastern Mediterranean were identified as A. media. It is not possible to distinguish A. media from A. subulata by relative fin length. Both ‘species’ are probably intraspecific forms. Egg size varied from 1·5 to 2·3 mm. Oocyte maturation in the ovary occurs in batches. The potential fecundity is some 1000–4000 eggs, most of these being released during continuous spawning accompanied by female growth.
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  • 63
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    Penicillium expansum : Consistent Production of Patulin, Chaetoglobosins, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Culture and Their Natural Occurrence in Fruit Products (2004)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52 (8). pp. 2421-2428.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-03
    Description: Penicillium expansum is known for its destructive rot and patulin production in apple juice. According to the literature, P. expansum can, among other compounds, produce citrinin, ochratoxin A, patulin, penitrem A, and rubratoxin B. In this study the qualitative production of metabolites was examined using TLC (260 isolates), HPLC (85 isolates), and MS (22 isolates). The results showed that none of the 260 isolates produced ochratoxin A, penitrem A, or rubratoxin B. However, chaetoglobosin A and communesin B were produced consistently by all 260 isolates. Patulin and roquefortine C were produced by 98% of the isolates. Expansolides A/B and citrinin were detected in 91 and 85% of the isolates, respectively. Chaetoglobosins and communesins were detected in naturally infected juices and potato pulp, whereas neither patulin nor citrinin was found. Because most P. expansum isolates produce patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, and expansolides A and B, foods contaminated with this fungus should ideally be examined for chaetoglobosin A as well as patulin.
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  • 64
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    Graneledone gonzalezi sp. nov. (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): a new octopod from the Îles Kerguelen (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 12 (1). pp. 33-40.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: A new octopod species, Graneledone gonzalezi sp. nov., is described from 19 specimens collected off the northern Îles Kerguelen. This is a bathyal octopus which is characterized by: the absence of supra-ocular papillae, short arms, a long ligula without copulatory ridges, a narrow head, six filaments per outer demibranch and radula exhibiting no archaic traits, medium size oocytes and a low number of very long spermatophores. Graneledone gonzalezi is compared with its other congeneric species and found most closely resemble G. antarctica . The geographic and bathymetric distribution of G. gonzalezi is also discussed.
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  • 65
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    First record of the giant squid Architeuthis sp. (Architeuthidae) in the Mediterranean Sea (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 (4). pp. 745-746.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The stranding of a female specimen of the genus Architeuthis , a species not previously recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, is reported from the southern Spanish coast (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). The geographical distribution of the species is discussed.
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  • 66
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    Feeding ecology of Cuvier's beaked whale ( Ziphius cavirostris ): a review with new information on the diet of this species (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4). pp. 687-694.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Published information on the diet of Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris (Odontoceti: Ziphiidae) is reviewed and new information on the stomach contents of three animals: two stranded in Galicia (north-west Spain) in February 1990 at A Lanzada, and in February 1995 at Portonovo; and the third stranded in February 1999 in North Uist (Scotland), is presented. The whale stranded in 1990 was a male; the other two were adult females. All animals were 〉5 m long. The limited published information on the diet of this species indicates that it feeds primarily on oceanic cephalopods although some authors also found remains of oceanic fish and crustaceans. Food remains from the three new samples consisted entirely of cephalopod beaks. The Scottish sample set is the largest recorded to date for this species. The prey identified consisted of oceanic cephalopods, mainly squid (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea). The most frequently occurring species were the squid Teuthowenia megalops , Mastigoteuthis schmidti and Taonius pavo (for the Galician whale stranded in 1990), Teuthowenia megalops and Histioteuthis reversa (for the second Galician whale) and T. megalops , Gonatus sp. and Taonius pavo (for the Scottish whale). Other prey included the squid Histioteuthis bonnellii , Histioteuthis arcturi and Todarodes sagittatus as well as Vampiroteuthis infernalis (Cephalopoda: Vampyromorpha), Stauroteuthis syrtensis and Japetella diaphana (Cephalopoda: Octopoda). The squid eaten (estimated from the measurement of the lower beaks) included juvenile and mature individuals of the most important species ( Teuthowenia megalops , Gonatus sp.). The range of species found in the diet of Z. cavirostris is greater than that reported for sperm whales and bottlenosed whales in the north-east Atlantic.
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  • 67
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    Dietary variation of the squid Moroteuthis ingens at four sites in the Southern Ocean: stomach contents, lipid and fatty acid profiles (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83 (3). pp. 523-534.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Specimens of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were collected from four sites in the Southern Ocean: Macquarie Island, the Falkland Islands, the Chatham Rise (New Zealand) and the Campbell Plateau (New Zealand). Spatial variations in diet among these areas were investigated using stomach contents and lipid and fatty acid profiles. Myctophid fish were prominent prey items at all sites, and the diet at New Zealand sites contained temperate myctophid species that were not identified at other sites. The diet at the Falkland Islands differed considerably from other sites due to the large proportion of cephalopod prey that had been consumed by M. ingens . This is likely to be due to the absence of key myctophids, such as Electrona carlsbergi , and the abundance of smaller squid such as Loligo gahi and juvenile M. ingens over the Patagonian Shelf. Stomach contents data could not be used effectively to determine dietary differences between the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau, largely due to differences in sample sizes between these sites. Lipid class and fatty acid profiles of the digestive gland indicated that the diet of M. ingens differed significantly between the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau, despite the relative proximity of these sites. We conclude from total lipid content that this was due to a reduction in food availability to M. ingens at the Campbell Plateau. The highly productive waters of the Subtropical Front pass over the Chatham Rise, whereas the Campbell Plateau is situated in less productive sub-Antarctic water. Differences in oceanographic conditions are likely to have driven dietary variations between these two sites.
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  • 68
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    The relationship between sperm reservoir and spermatophore length in benthic octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (6). pp. 983-986.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The relationship between sperm reservoir and total spermatophore length among 168 spermatophores from 44 species in 11 genera has been considered. Bivariate plots show that four Atlantic species of the genus Eledone produce spermatophores with relatively large sperm reservoirs that differ from all others. Measurements of the remaining spermatophores are so tightly correlated that a single equation explains over 96% of the variation. Functional constraints on gross spermatophore morphology may be so strong that males cannot manipulate sperm reservoir size independently of spermatophore size to maximize the sperm delivered at a single copulation. Alternate means to assure male paternity may have evolved in the group as a result. Despite the overall uniformity of the relationship among all species other than those of Eledone in the Atlantic, these measurements distinguish the overtly similar species Octopus bimaculatus – Octopus bimaculoides and separate Benthoctopus januarii from all others.
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  • 69
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    Stomach contents of two Mediterranean monk seals ( Monachus monachus ) from the Aegean Sea, Turkey (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4). pp. 719-720.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: This study provides a description of the Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus ) diet from the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. A total of 23 prey items belonging to five species were identified from the two stomachs examined. Cephalopods constitute the dominant prey group by weight (94·01%). Sarcotragus sp. (Porifera) and Posidonia oceanica (Magnoliophyta) are assumed to be incidental prey. Of the cephalopods identified, Eledone moschata and Bathypolypus sponsalis were encountered for the first time in a monk seal stomach.
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  • 70
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    Weaning mass variation of southern elephant seals at King George Island and its possible relationship with “El Niño” and “La Niña” Events (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 13 (1). pp. 37-40.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Possible effects of “El Niño” Southern Oscillation (ENSO) components “El Niño”and “La Niña“ on populations of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina L., are considered in this study. Information on pup weaning mass, collected at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, over a ten-year period (1985–94) was analysed with respect to the occurrence of ENSO and recent research in feeding ecology of this population in the Bellinghausen Sea. Weaning mass of elephant seals was found to be higher during “La Niña” and a lower during “El Niño”. Differences in weaning mass between sexes varied in different proportions during El Niño and La Niña. The teleconnection between tropical Pacific anomalies and the Bellinghausen Sea deserves further research, and our results suggest a way to study this phenomenon using data of elephant seal pups weaning mass as indicators of changes in food availability.
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  • 71
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    First record of spawning and embryonic development in Octopus macropus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4). pp. 703-704.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A female Octopus macropus , the first ever observed spawning, attached eggs (4·0×1·2 mm, with a chorion stalk 4 mm in length) individually or in clusters to a hard substrate, and brooded them till hatching. Hatchlings measured 4·0 mm in dorsal mantle length, 5·5 mm in total length and were planktonic; their short arms had seven suckers each, the outer demi-branch of each gill had ten lamellae. The chromatophore pattern confirmed an earlier identification of young individuals from the plankton (Naef, 1923).
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  • 72
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    Adelieledone , a new genus of octopodid from the Southern Ocean (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 15 (4). pp. 415-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The syntypes of the endemic Southern Ocean octopodid Pareledone polymorpha (Robson, 1930) were re-examined and measurements, counts and indices are presented. The two forms described by Robson, namely oblonga and affinis , are determined to have no taxonomic validity. The species polymorpha shows morphological similarities with Pareledone adelieana (Berry, 1917) but differs in relative arm lengths, sucker counts, external colouration and size at maturity. Both species are transferred to the new genus Adelieledone , which is separated from the genus Pareledone s.s. by the transverse ridges in the ligula groove of the hectocotylus, the sharp tip of the lower beak, the enlarged posterior salivary glands, the absence of stylets and by skin sculpture, especially by the presence of two longitudinal integumentary ridges on the dorsal mantle. A new species, Adelieledone piatkowski , is described from the Antarctic Peninsula. Beak morphology can discriminate the genera in predator studies.
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  • 73
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    92Nb-92Zr and the early differentation history of planetary bodies (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 289 (5484). pp. 1538-1542.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
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  • 74
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    Chaos from Hopf Bifurcation in a fluid flow experiment (2004)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    In:  Physical Review E, 70 (046209).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: Results of an experimental study of a Hopf bifurcation with broken translation symmetry that organizes chaotic homoclinic dynamics from a T2 torus in a fluid flow as a direct consequence of physical boundaries are presented. It is shown that the central features of the theory of Hopf bifurcation in O(2)-symmetric systems where the translation symmetry is broken are robust and are appropriate to describe the appearance of modulated waves, homoclinic bifurcation, Takens-Bogdanov point, and chaotic dynamics in a fluid flow experiment.
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  • 75
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    Standing waves in flow between finite counter-rotations cylinders (2003)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    In:  Physical Review E, 68 (056308).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-03
    Description: Experimental evidence for standing waves resulting from a supercritical Hopf bifurcation that appears as the first pattern-forming instability in counterrotating Taylor-Couette flow is presented. Depending on the aspect ratio two different types of standing waves, denoted as SW0 and SWp, could be observed. Both modes have an azimuthal wave number m51 but differ in symmetry. While for SWp , a spatiotemporal glide-reflection symmetry could be found, SW0 is purely spatial reflection symmetric. The transition between the two modes is found to be organized in a cusp bifurcation unfolded by variations of the aspect ratio. The ‘‘classical’’ spiral vortex flow appears in this control parameter regime only as a result of a secondary steady bifurcation from SW0. This transition is found to be either subcritical or supercritical. The experimentally observed bifurcation structure has been predicted by theory of Hopf bifurcation to spiral vortex flow in finite counterrotating Taylor-Couette systems.
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  • 76
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    The Ocean's Role in Atlantic Climate Variability (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 297 . pp. 2223-2224.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Atlantic climate variability is an important driving force of climate in the surrounding land areas. In his Perspective, Visbeck explores recent advances toward understanding and predicting climate variability in the tropical Atlantic and the North Atlantic, and elucidating the role played by the ocean's circulation.
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  • 77
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    Tropical Origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 292 (5514). pp. 90-92.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-18
    Description: Evidence is presented that North Atlantic climate change since 1950 is linked to a progressive warming of tropical sea surface temperatures, especially over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The ocean changes alter the pattern and magnitude of tropical rainfall and atmospheric heating, the atmospheric response to which includes the spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The slow, tropical ocean warming has thus forced a commensurate trend toward one extreme phase of the NAO during the past half-century.
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  • 78
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    Coastal adaptation (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Methodological and technological issues in technology transfer | Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 79
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    Citizen participation in sustainability assessments (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public participation in sustainability science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 80
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    Technical Summary: Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability
    Details
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    Enhancing Biodiversity and Humanity (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Managing Biodiversity for Sustainability
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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    Decision-making frameworks (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: Mitigation
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    The politics of biodiversity in Europe (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Biodiversity, sustainability and human communities: Protecting beyond the protected
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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    Adaptation to climate change in the context of sustainable development and equity (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability | Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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    Methods and tools (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: Impact, adaptation, and vulnerability
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    Global perspective (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Land use, Land-use change, and forestry - A special report of the IPCC
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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    Vulnerability to climate change and reasons for concern (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
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  • 88
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    Linking the citizen to governance for sustainable climate futures (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public Participation and Integrated Assessment - European Perspectives
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 89
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    Ecosystems and their goods and services (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 90
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    Collage processes and citizens' visions for the future (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public participation in sustainability science
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 91
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    The uncertain role of biodiversity management in emerging democracies (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Biodiversity, sustainability and human communities: Protecting beyond the protected
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 92
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    Methods and Tools (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001 - impacts, mitigation and adaptation. Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the IPCC
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 93
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    Linking the citizen to governance for sustainable climate futures (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public participation and integrated assessment - European perspectives
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 94
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    The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Chapter 3 (2001)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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  • 95
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    Introduction (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Risk, reliability, uncertainty, and robustness of water resources systems
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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    Simulated experiments: methodology for a virtual world (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: This paper examines the relationship between simulation and experiment. Many discussions of simulation, and indeed the term “numerical experiments,” invoke a strong metaphor of experimentation. On the other hand, many simulations begin as attempts to apply scientific theories. This has lead many to characterize simulation as lying between theory and experiment. The aim of the paper is to try to reconcile these two points of view—to understand what methodological and epistemological features simulation has in common with experimentation, while at the same time keeping a keen eye on simulation's ancestry as a form of scientific theorizing. In so doing, it seeks to apply some of the insights of recent work on the philosophy of experiment to an aspect of theorizing that is of growing philosophical interest: the construction of local models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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