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  • 1
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    Computational Earthquake Science, Part II (2004)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371432
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/161/11/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; estimation ; identification ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents summaries of recent research results on the related subjects of source processes and explosion yield estimation, which are important elements of any treaty verification system. The term Source Processes, in the context of nuclear test monitoring, refers to a wide range of research topics. In a narrow definition, it describes the complex physical phenomena that are directly associated with a nuclear explosion, and the catastrophic deformation and transformation of the material surrounding the explosion. In a broader sense, it includes a host of topics related to the inference of explosion phenomena from seismic and other signals. A further widening of the definition includes the study and characterization of source processes of events other than nuclear, such as earthquakes and, in particular, mining explosions. This latter research is especially important relative to the question of identifying and discriminating nuclear explosions from other seismic events. Explosion Yield Estimation deals with the corresponding inverse problem of inferring explosion source characteristics through analyses of the various types of seismic signals produced by the explosion. This is a complex technical task which has been the focus of some of the most contentious treaty monitoring debates. The current compilation of eight articles on Source Processes and six articles on Explosion Yield Estimation gives a good representation of state-of-the-art research currently being conducted in the broad area of seismic source characterization in the context of nuclear test monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365523
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/11/
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Surface Waves (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; surface waves ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 243 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365516
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/8/
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Seismic Ground Motion in Large Urban Areas (2004)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismicity
    Description / Table of Contents: The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes. Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction materials to increase short-term economic returns on their investment. Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most suitable usage for vulnerable areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370428
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/161/5/
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Earthquake Microzoning (2002)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake mechanism
    Description / Table of Contents: In many past and recent earthquakes it has been shown that the local conditions and, in particular, the local geology have a great influence on the observed seismic ground motion and, consequently, on the damage distribution in housing, industrial stock, and life-lines. Seismic microzoning is the usual procedure to have these local effects taken into account for engineering design and land-use planning, being a useful tool for earthquake risk mitigation. This volume presents a collection of papers mainly originated from a workshop on Seismic Microzoning, organized during the 23rd General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society (EGS) in Nice, France in April 1998. The workshop dealt with various geophysical tools for analysing the effects of the local soils of subsurface geology on seismic ground motion, namely the methods using experimental data such as microtremors, and the theoretical/numerical 1-D and 2-D modelling methods. Additional contributions discussing techniques for characterising soil properties, microzoning applications to several urban areas, and others were added to the volume to broaden this important topic.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366520
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/12/
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Computational Earthquake Science, Part I (2004)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371425
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/161/9/
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling in Fractured Rock (2003)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: fluid mechanics ; rock mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The supply and protection of groundwater, the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, land subsidence in coastal areas, exploitation of geothermal energy, the long-term disposal of critical wastes ... What do these issues have in common besides their high socio-economic impact? They are all closely related to fluid flow in porous and/or fractured rock. As the conditions of fluid flow in many cases depend on the mechanical behavior of rocks, coupling between the liquid phase and the rock matrix can generally not be neglected. For the past five years or so, studies of rock physics and rock mechanics linked to coupling phenomena have received increased attention. In recognition of this, a Euroconference on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock was held at Bad Honnef, Germany, in November 2000. Most of the twenty papers collected in this volume were presented at this meeting. The contributions lead to deeper insight in processes where such coupling is relevant.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764302535
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/160/5/
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis, Part I (2002)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics covered in Part I range from the microscopic simulation and laboratory studies of rock fracture and the underlying mechanism for nucleation and catastrophic failure to the development of theoretical models of frictional behaviors of faults; as well as the simulation studies of dynamic rupture processes and seismic wave propagation in a 3-D heterogeneous medium, to the case studies of strong ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and seismic hazard estimation for Cascadian subduction zone earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369156
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/159/9/
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Mathematische Grundlagen in Biologie und Geowissenschaften : Kurs 2004/2005 (2004)
    Göttingen : Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Band führt den Grund- und Aufbaukurs der Mathematischen Grundlagen für Biologie und Geowissenschaft zusammen und stellt zahlreiche neue Übungsaufgaben vor. Die vorliegende Bearbeitung der Vorlesung und der Übungsaufgaben soll die Studierenden anregen, über mathematische Probleme nachzudenken, und sie in die Lage versetzen, bei Bedarf weitergehende Fachbuchliteratur studieren zu können.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783930457649
    URL: http://www.univerlag.uni-goettingen.de/content/list.php?details=isbn-3-930457-64-4
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Flow Processes in Faults and Shear Zones (2004)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Faults and their deeper level equivalents, shear zones, are localized regions of intense deformation within the Earth. They are recognized at all scales from micro to plate boundary, and are important examples of the nature of heterogeneous deformation in natural rocks. Faults and shear zones are significant as they profoundly influence the location, architecture and evolution of a broad range of geological phenomenao The topography and bathymetry of the Earth’s surface is marked by mountain belts and sedimentary basins that are controlled by faults and shear zoneso In addition, faults and shear zones control fluid migration and transport including hydrothermal and hydrocarbon systems. Once faults and shear zones are established, they are often long-lived features prone to multiple reactivation over very large time-scales. This collection of papers addresses lithospheric deformation and the rheology of shear zones, together with processes of partitioning and the unravelling of fault and shear zone histories.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (379 Seiten)
    ISBN: 186239153X
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/224/1.toc
    Language: English
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