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  • seismicity  (13)
  • Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.)
  • Mt. Etna
  • Seismology
  • INGV  (16)
  • Springer  (13)
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • München : Bayerisches Landesvermessungsamt
  • 2005-2009  (29)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Relationship between soil CO2 flux and volcanic tremor at Mt. Etna: Implications for magma dynamics (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Large variations of the CO2 flux through the soil were observed between November 2002 and January 2006 at Mt. Etna volcano. In many cases, the CO2 flux was strongly influenced by changes in air temperature and atmospheric pressure. A new filtering method was then developed to remove the atmospheric influences on soil CO2 flux and, at the same time, to highlight the variations strictly related to volcanic activity. Successively, the CO2 corrected data were quantitatively compared with the spectral amplitude of the volcanic tremor by cross correlation function, cross-wavelet spectrum and wavelet coherence. These analyses suggested that the soil CO2 flux variations preceded those of volcanic tremor by about 50 days. Given that volcanic tremor is linked to the shallow (a few kilometer) magma dynamics and soil CO2 flux related to the deeper (*12 km b.s.l.) magma dynamics, the “delayed similarity” between the CO2 flux and the volcanic tremor amplitude was used to assess the average speed in the magma uprising into the crust, as about 170–260 m per day. Finally, the large amount of CO2 released before the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption indicated a deep ingression of new magma, which might have triggered such an eruption.
    Description: In press
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Soil CO2 flux ; Volcanic tremor ; Cross-wavelet spectrum ; Wavelet coherence ; Cross correlation function ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Petrology of lavas from the 2004–2005 flank eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: inferences on the dynamics of magma in the shallow plumbing system (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Following the 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions, activity resumed at Mt. Etna on 7 September 2004 and lasted for about 6 months. This paper presents new petrographic, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotope data from sequential samples collected during the entire 2004–2005 eruption. The progressive change of lava composition allowed defining three phases that correspond to different processes controlling magma dynamics inside the central volcano conduits. The compositional variability of products erupted up to 24 September is well reproduced by a fractional crystallization model that involves magma already stored at shallow depth since the 2002–2003 eruption. The progressive mixing of this magma with a distinct new one rising within the central conduits is clearly revealed by the composition of the products erupted from 24 September to 15 October. After 15 October, the contribution from the new magma gradually becomes predominant, and the efficiency of the mixing process ensures the emission of homogeneous products up to the end of the eruption. Our results give insights into the complex conditions of magma storage and evolution in the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna during a flank eruption. Furthermore, they confirm that the 2004–2005 activity at Etna was triggered by regional movements of the eastern flank of the volcano. They caused the opening of a complex fracture zone extending ESE which drained a magma stored at shallow depth since the 2002–2003 eruption. This process favored the ascent of a different magma in the central conduits, which began to be erupted on 24 September without any significant change in eruptive style, deformation, and seismicity until the end of eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 781–793
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geochemistry ; Isotopic compositions ; Magma feeding system ; Magma mixing ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 3
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    Performance of the INGV National Seismic Network from 1997 to 2007 (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Seismic monitoring in Italy has strongly improved since the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence. This has made the National Seismic Network (RSN) a powerful tool both to rapidly locate and quantify thousands of earthquakes occurring in Italy every year, and to study the seismic activity in detail, accumulating an impressive high quality data set that will be exploited in the coming years to understand earthquake processes and to investigate the deep structure. This paper summarizes and compares the basic features of the seismicity recorded in 2000 and 2006, before and after the implementation of the new RSN, showing that the number of well located earthquakes has more than doubled and that the completeness magnitude has dropped from ~2.3 to ~1.7. In addition, we concentrate on the evaluation of the current automatic location and magnitudes versus the revised ones, published routinely in the INGV bulletins. We show that the rapid estimates of locations and magnitudes are robust and reliable for most regions in Italy: more than 75% of the earthquakes are located in real time within 10km from the «true» locations, whereas the rapid magnitudes ML are within ±0.4 from the revised values in 90% of cases. The comparison between real-time and revised locations shows that there are a few regions in Italy where a further network improvement is still desirable. These include all the off-shore regions, Calabria, western Sicily, the Alpine and Po Plain region, and some small areas along the peninsula.
    Description: Published
    Description: 417-431
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic networks ; seismicity ; real-time seismology ; Italy ; Italian Seismic Bulletin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 4
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    Effusive Activity at Mount Etna Volcano (Italy) During the 20th Century: A Contribution to Volcanic Hazard Assessment (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mount Etna is an open conduit volcano, characterised by persistent activity, consisting of degassing and explosive phenomena at summit craters, frequent flank eruptions, and more rarely, eccentric eruptions. All eruption typologies can give rise to lava flows, which represent the greatest hazard by the volcano to the inhabited areas. Historical documents and scientific papers related to the 20th century effusive activity have been examined in detail, and volcanological parameters have been compiled in a database. The cumulative curve of emitted lava volume highlights the presence of two main eruptive periods: (a) the 1900–1971 interval, characterised by a moderate slope of the curve, amounting to 436 · 106 m3 of lava with average effusion rate of 0.2 m3/s and (b) the 1971–1999 period, in which a significant increase in eruption frequency is associated with a large issued lava volume (767 · 106 m3) and a higher effusion rate (0.8 m3/s). The collected data have been plotted to highlight different eruptive behaviour as a function of eruptive periods and summit vs. flank eruptions. The latter have been further subdivided into two categories: eruptions characterised by high effusion rates and short duration, and eruptions dominated by low effusion rate, long duration and larger volume of erupted lava. Circular zones around the summit area have been drawn for summit eruptions based on the maximum lava flow length; flank eruptions have been considered by taking into account the eruptive fracture elevation and combining them with lava flow lengths of 4 and 6 km. This work highlights that the greatest lava flow hazard at Etna is on the south and east sectors of the volcano. This should be properly considered in future land-use planning by local authorities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 407–443
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; effusive activity ; database ; lava flow length ; eruptive fractures ; vent elevation ; hazard zonation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 5
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    Volcanological inferences from seismic-strain tensor computations at Mt. Etna Volcano, Sicily (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Kostrov's (1974) algorithm for seismic-strain tensor computations, in the version implemented by Wyss et al. (1992a) for error estimates, has been applied to shear-type earthquakes occurring beneath the Etna volcano during 1990-1996. Space-time variations of strain orientations and amplitudes have been examined jointly with ground-deformation and gravimetric data collected in the same period and reported in the literature. Taking also into account the information available from volcanological observations and structural geology, we propose a model assuming that hydraulic pressure by magma emplaced in nearly north-south vertical structures produces the E-W orientation of the maximum compressive strain found in the upper 10 km beneath the crater area. In contrast, regional tectonics deriving from the slow, north-south convergence between the African and European plates appear to play a dominant role in the generation of stress and strain fields at crustal depths deeper than 10 km below the volcano. According to our interpretation, the progressive ascent of magma through the upper crust prior to eruption produces the observed gravity changes, cone inflation and unusual seismic strain rate in the upper 10 km associated with a more sharply defined seismic deformation regime (i.e. very small confidence limits of the epsilon 1 orientation). In agreement with this model, deflation revealed by ground-deformation data during the course of the major 1991-1993 eruption was accompanied by a practically nil level of shallow seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-330
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Italy ; Earthquakes ; Seismic strain ; Stress inversion ; Volcanic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 6
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    Review of Microgravity Observations at Mt. Etna: A Powerful Tool to Monitor and Study Active Volcanoes. (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Microgravity observations at Mt. Etna have been routinely performed as both discrete (since 1986) and continuous (since 1998) measurements. In addition to describing the methodology for acquiring and reducing gravity data from Mt. Etna, this paper provides a collection of case studies aimed at demonstrating the potential of microgravity to investigate the plumbing system of an active volcano and detect forerunners to paroxysmal volcanic events. For discrete gravity measurements, results from 1994– 1996 and 2001 are reported. During the first period, the observed gravity changes are interpreted within the framework of the Strombolian activity which occurred from the summit craters. Gravity changes observed during the first nine months of 2001 are directly related to subsurface mass redistributions which preceded, accompanied and followed the July-August 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna. Two continuous gravity records are discussed: a 16-month (October 1998 to February 2000) sequence and a 48-hour (26–28 October, 2002) sequence, both from a station within a few kilometers of the volcano’s summit. The 16-month record may be the longest continuous gravity sequence ever acquired at a station very close to the summit zone of an active volcano. By cross analyzing it with contemporaneous discrete observations along a summit profile of stations, both the geometry of a buried source and its time evolution can be investigated. The shorter continuous sequence encompasses the onset of an eruption from a location only 1.5 km from the gravity station. This gravity record is useful for establishing constraints on the characteristics of the intrusive mechanism leading to the eruption. In particular, the observed gravity anomaly indicates that the magma intrusion occurred ‘‘passively’’ within a fracture system opened by external forces.
    Description: Published
    Description: 769-790
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; microgravity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
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  • 7
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    Local magnitude estimate at Mt. Etna (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In order to verify the duration magnitude MD we calculated local magnitude ML values of 288 earthquakes occurring from October 2002 to April 2003 at Mt. Etna. The analysis was computed at three digital stations of the permanent seismic network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia of Catania, using the relationship ML = logA+alog?-b, where A is maximum half-amplitude of the horizontal component of the seismic recording measured in mm and the term «+alog?-b» takes the place of the term «-logA0» of Richter relationship. In particular, a = 0.15 for ?〈200 km, b=0.16 for ?〈200 km. Duration magnitude MD values, moment magnitude MW values and other local magnitude values were compared. Differences between ML and MD were obtained for the strong seismic swarms occurring on October 27, during the onset of 2002-2003 Mt. Etna eruption, characterized by a high earthquake rate, with very strong events (seismogram results clipped in amplitude on drum recorder trace) and high level of volcanic tremor, which not permit us to estimate the duration of the earthquakes correctly. ML and MD relationships were related and therefore a new relationship for MD is proposed. Cumulative strain release calculated after the eruption using ML values is about 1.75E+06 J1/2 higher than the one calculated using MD values.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: local magnitude ; Mt. Etna ; volcano seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Seismic source study of the 1989, October 29, Chenoua (Algeria) earthquake from aftershocks, broad-band and strong ground motion records (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The broad-band teleseismics records of the earthquake of October 29,1989 in Algeria (MW = 6.0) allow a detailed study of the rupture process of this earthquake. The focal mechanism obtained by P and SH modeling corresponds to reverse faulting with a small amount of left-lateral movement along a fault striking 246° and dipping 56°. The rupture is found to be complex with two sub-events separated in time but occurring on the same plane. The lowfrequency records of an accelerometer located some 25 km to the west of the main shock are also better fi tted when the rupture is composed of a double pulse. In the two cases, there is strong evidence for the rupture to propagate from south-west towards north-east.The relocalisation of the main shock by using a master-event technique and the data from Italian and Spanish stations led to the same conclusions. Soon after the main event, a temporary seimic network was installed in the epicentral area. The aftershock clouds defi ne a SW-NE fault dipping to the NW compatible with the results of the modelisations of the teleseismic body-waves and the accelerogram. The focal mechanisms correspond mainly to reverse faulting. The maximum principal direction of the stress tensor obtained from the inversion is about N-S and the minimum is vertical, typical of a compressive regime. The Chenoua earthquake took place on a fault which was not recognized as active. Repeated comparable seismic events on this fault and on the fault that borders the massif to the south explain this intriguing topographic feature.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: North Africa ; seismicity ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 9
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    A critical history of British earthquakes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper reviews the history of the study of historical British earthquakes. The publication of compendia of British earthquakes goes back as early as the late 16th Century. A boost to the study of earthquakes in Britain was given in the mid 18th Century as a result of two events occurring in London in 1750 (analogous to the general increase in earthquakes in Europe five years later after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake). The 19th Century saw a number of significant studies, culminating in the work of Davison, whose book-length catalogue was published finally in 1924. After that appears a gap, until interest in the subject was renewed in the mid 1970s. The expansion of the U.K. nuclear programme in the 1980s led to a series of large-scale investigations of historical British earthquakes, all based almost completely on primary historical data and conducted to high standards. The catalogue published by BGS in 1994 is a synthesis of these studies, and presents a parametric catalogue in which historical earthquakes are assessed from intensity data points based on primary source material. Since 1994, revisions to parameters have been minor and new events discovered have been restricted to a few small events.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; seismicity ; earthquake catalogues ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 10
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    Detection of Kuril subduction-zoneearthquakes from remote historic recordsin Honshu, Japan, between 1656 and 1867 (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Earthquakes before A.D. 1800 along the Southern Kuril trench, although before the start of written history on nearby islands, probably account for some of the earthquakes noted by local records in Honshu, hundreds of kilometers to the southwest. Earthquake historians have identified about 4800 felt earthquakes in Edo (present Tokyo) and about 3000 felt reports in selected local government records in Tohoku, northern Honshu, for the years A.D. 1656-1867. On the average, 19 earthquakes per year were felt in Edo. Of the Tohoku records, 361 (an average nearly 2 per year) were felt at multiple Tohoku locations; 95 of these (0.4 per year) were also felt in Edo. Since 1926, Tokyo has had a yearly average of 15 felt earthquakes with seismic intensity 2 or more on the Japan Meteorological Agency scale (corresponding to III or more on Modified Mercalli scale). For Tohoku the average annual frequency is about 4. Among them, an average of 0.6 events per year also reached intensity 2 in Tokyo. About one quarter of these events occurred in the southern Kuril trench. If the seismicity is temporally constant, about 80 of the earthquakes recorded in 1656-1867 probably had a Kuril origin.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; seismic intensity ; seismicity ; Kuril subduction zone ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 11
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    Long-term geochemical monitoring and extensive/compressive phenomena: case study of the Umbria Region (Central Apennines, Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Long-term geochemical monitoring performed in the seismic area of the Umbria-Marche region of Italy (i.e. Central Apennines) has allowed us to create a model of the circulation of fluids and interpret the temporal chemical and isotopic variations of both the thermal springs as well as the gas vents. Coincident with the last seismic crisis, which struck the region in 1997-1998, an enhanced CO2 degassing on a regional scale caused a pH-drop in all the thermal waters as a consequence of CO2 dissolution. Furthermore, much higher 3He/4He isotope ratios pointed to a slight mantle-derived contribution. Radon activity increased to well above the ±2 sinterval of the earlier seismic period, after which it abruptly decreased to very low levels a few days before the occurrence of the single deep-located shock (March 26, 1998, 51 km deep). The anomalous CO2 discharge was closely related to the extensional movement of the normal faults responsible for the Mw 5.7, 6.0 and 5.6 main shocks that characterized the earlier seismic phase. In contrast, a clear compressive sign is recognizable in the transient disappearance of the deep-originating components related to the Mw 5.3, 51 km-deep event that occurred on March 26, 1998. Anomalies were detected concomitantly with the seismicity, although they also occurred after the seismic crisis had terminated. We argue that the observed geochemical anomalies were driven by rock permeability changes induced by crustal deformations, and we describe how, in the absence of any release of elastic energy, the detection of anomalies reveals that a seismogenic process is developing. Indeed, comprehensive, long-term geochemical monitoring can provide new tools allowing us to better understand the development of seismogenesis.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geochemical monitoring ; seismicity ; helium ; thermal waters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 12
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    Seismogenesis in Central Apennines, Italy: an integrated analysis of minor earthquake sequences and structural data in the Amatrice-Campotosto area (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We present a seismotectonic study of the Amatrice-Campotosto area (Central Italy) based on an integrated analysis of minor earthquake sequences, geological data and crustal rheology. The area has been affected by three small-magnitude seismic sequences: August 1992 (M=3.9), June 1994 (M=3.7) and October 1996 (M=4.0). The hypocentral locations and fault plane solutions of the 1996 sequence are based on original data; the seismological features of the 1992 and 1994 sequences are summarised from literature. The active WSWdipping Mt. Gorzano normal fault is interpreted as the common seismogenic structure for the three analysed sequences. The mean state of stress obtained by inversion of focal mechanisms (WSW-ENE-trending deviatoric tension) is comparable to that responsible for finite Quaternary displacement, showing that the stress field has not changed since the onset of extensional tectonics. Available morphotectonic data integrated with original structural data show that the Mt. Gorzano Fault extends for ~28 km along strike. The along-strike displacement profile is typical of an isolated fault, without significant internal segmentation. The strong evidence of late Quaternary activity in the southern part of the fault (with lower displacement gradient) is explained in this work in terms of displacement profile readjustment within a fault unable to grow further laterally. The depth distribution of seismicity and the crustal rheology yield a thickness of ~15 km for the brittle layer. An area of ~530 km2 is estimated for the entire Mt. Gorzano Fault surface. In historical times, the northern portion of the fault was probably activated during the 1639 Amatrice earthquake (I = X, M~ 6.3), but this is not the largest event we expect on the fault. We propose that a large earthquake might activate the entire 28 km long Mt. Gorzano Fault, with an expected Mmax up to 6.7.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic hazard ; normal faulting ; seismicity ; seismotectonics ; active stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
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  • 13
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    Marine magnetic investigation of the submarine base of Mt. Etna and Hyblean Plateau (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Two marine magnetic surveys were carried out during 1997 and 1999 in the Ionian Sea off the eastern coast of Sicily to investigate the magnetic structures of the eastern base of Mt. Etna and the Hyblean Plateau. The investigated area is approximately 85 km long and 15 km wide, running from North to South, in the Western Ionian Sea. Models along two profiles parallel to the coast and over the entire area provide a possible distribution of volcanic bodies and volcaniclastic deposits off the eastern coast of Sicily and their relations with the sedimentary substratum. 3D modeling suggests the presence of magnetized bodies, inserted in the sedimentary substratum, plausibly related to Hyblean Plateau volcanism in the south sector and to Mt. Etna activity in the north. We speculate that the Malta Escarpment could have produced preferential ways for magma ascents off the Hyblean Plateau. The spatial continuity of the volcanism affecting the entire investigated area could testify spatial transition between Hyblean and Etnean volcanism supporting the hypothesis that the magma process migrated with time from south-east to north-west.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: magnetic survey ; magnetic modeling ; Mt. Etna ; Hyblean Plateau ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models
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  • 14
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    Estimates of fluid pressure and tectonic stress in hydrothermal/volcanic areas:a methodological approach (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: An analytical approach to estimate the relative contribution of the fluid pressure and tectonic stress in hydrothermal/ volcanic areas is proposed assuming a Coulomb criterion of failure. The analytical procedure requires the coefficient of internal friction, cohesion, rock density, and thickness of overburden to be known from geological data. In addition, the orientation of the principal stress axes and the stress ratio must be determined from the inversion of fault-slip or seismic data (focal mechanisms). At first, the stress magnitude is calculated assuming that faulting occurs in 'dry' conditions (fluid pressure=0). In a second step, the fluid pressure is introduced performing a grid search over the orientation of 1) fault planes that slip by shear failure or 2) cracks that open under different values of fluid pressure and calculating the consistency with the observed fault planes (i.e. strike and dip of faults, cracks, nodal planes from focal mechanisms). The analytical method is applied using fault-slip data from the Solfatara volcano (Campi Flegrei, Italy) and seismic data (focal mechanisms) from the Vesuvius volcano (Italy). In these areas, the fluid pressure required to activate faults (shear fractures) and cracks (open fractures) is calculated. At Solfatara, the ratio between the fluid pressure and the vertical stress ?is very low for faults ( ?=0.16) and relatively high for cracks ( ?=0.5). At Vesuvius, ?=0.6. Limits and uncertainties of the method are also discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: hydrothermal fluids ; faults ; cracks ; fluid pressure ; volcanic/hydrothermal areas ; seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 15
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    Gas radon emission related to geodynamic activity on Mt. Etna (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We report preliminary observations on possible correlations between anomalies of subsoil radon concentration and geodynamical events on Mt. Etna. In recent years several studies have been carried out on radon as a precursor of geophysical events, most of them performed either on tectonic or volcanic areas. The peculiarity of our investigation lies on the choice of the etnean region, in which tectonic and volcanic features are both present. In order to characterize Mt. Etna features by investigating radon gas in soil, two stations were located along the NE-SW direction on Mt. Etna. Each of the two stations is fitted with a radon detector, a 3D seismic station and a meteorological station. Differences in the radon concentration trend in the data from north and south flanks could be linked to different faulting mechanisms and then to different mechanisms of radon uprising. The increase in soil radon concentration could be related to both seismic and volcanic events.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: radon ; geodynamical precursor ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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    Recent seismicity of the «Acque Albule» travertine basin (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The seismic period which occurred in a portion of Guidonia Montecelio and Tivoli territory, two towns situated about twenty kilometres NE of Rome, affected four areas with a high density of population: Guidonia, Collefiorito, Villalba and Bagni di Tivoli. Even though the events had a very low magnitude (less than 3.0), local phenomena, like rumbles and strong vibrations of the ground, frightened inhabitants also because some months before (January 26, 2001) in a village named Marcellina situated a few kilometres away from Guidonia, a large sinkhole (600 m) had appeared without fore signals. The «Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia» (INGV) installed some digital stations that monitored the seismic phenomena. This paper has the aim to process all the information acquired during the period, both from the micro and macro seismic point of view, in order to explain the phenomenology that involved the area. The synergy of the two methodologies lead us to the conclusion that two different seismotectonic structures originated the events, one in an anti-apenninic direction, the other in a N-S direction.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; neotectonic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Preseismic ULF effectand possible interpretation (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We present the results of ULF magnetic field observation at Karimshino station (Kamchatka, Russia). Using a case study we discovered an effect of suppression of ULF intensity about 2-6 days before rather strong and isolated seismic shocks (magnitude M = 4.6-6.6). It is revealed for nighttime and the horizontal component of ULF field (G) in the frequency range 0.01-0.1 Hz. Then we prove the reliability of the effect by computed correlation between G (or 1/G) and especially calculated seismic indexes Ks for the rather long period of observation from June 2000 to November 2001. Our recent data confirm the validity of the effect. We show here a similar result during a period of frequent strong seismic activity in April-May 2002. It is highly probable that the effect observed is connected with the increase in plasma density perturbations inside the ionosphere, which are induced by preseismic water and gas release at the ground surface and following energy transportation into the ionosphere by atmospheric gravity waves. Two models are discussed and computed: the first is a decrease of penetration coefficient of Alfven waves from the magnetosphere due to a turbulent increase in effective Pedersen conductivity in the ionosphere, and the second is a change in wave number (k) distribution of source ionospheric turbulence. One of the mechanisms or both could be responsible for the observed 2-3 times suppression of ULF magnetic field noise at the ground.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ultra-Low Frequency emission ; seismicity ; Alfven waves ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Depression of the ULF geomagnetic pulsation related to ionospheric irregularities (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We consider a depression in intensity of ULF magnetic pulsations, which is observed on the ground surface due to appearance of the irregularities in the ionosphere. It is supposed that oblique Alfven waves in the ULF frequency range are downgoing from the magnetosphere and the horizontal irregularities of ionospheric conductivity are created by upgoing atmospheric gravity waves from seismic source. Unlike the companion paper by Molchanov et al. (2003), we used a simple model of the ionospheric layer but took into consideration the lateral inhomogeneity of the perturbation region in the ionosphere. It is shown that ULF intensity could be essentially decreased for frequencies f = 0.001-0.1 Hz at nighttime but the change is negligible at daytime in coincidence with observational results.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ULF ; ionosphere ; Alfven ; seismicity ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Spatial-temporal structure of seismicity of the North Tien Shan and its changeunder effect of high energy electromagnetic pulses (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The effect of high-energy electromagnetic pulses emitted by a magnetohydrodynamic generator used as a source for deep electrical sounding of the crust on spatial-temporal structure of seismicity of the North Tien Shan is explored. Five-six years periodicity of changes in spatial distribution of seismicity was revealed. The effect of electromagnetic pulses increases the stability of the spatial distribution of seismicity over time and simultaneously speeds up cycles of its transformations, which develop on stabilization background. Increasing of seismic energy release after electromagnetic impacts is observed basically in most active zones. Periodic variation of efficiency of earthquakes triggering on the distance to the MHD-generator was detected. It was shown that electromagnetic pulses give rise to an appreciable increase in the rate of local earthquakes, occurring around 2-6 days after the pulses. Total earthquakes energy released after start-ups was by 2.03·1015 J greater than the energy released before them. At the same time, the total energy transmitted by the MHD-generator was 1.1·109 J, i.e. six orders of magnitude smaller. Consequently, the electromagnetic pulses initiated the release of the energy that had been stored in the crust due to activity of natural tectonic processes in the form of comparatively small earthquakes, which leads to an additional release of tectonic stresses.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake ; initiated ; seismicity ; electromagnetic ; pulse ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
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    Procedures and toolsused in the investigationof New Zealand's historical earthquakes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: New Zealands tectonic setting, astride an obliquely convergent tectonic boundary, means that it has experienced many large earthquakes in its 200-year written historical records. The task of identifying and studying the largest early instrumental and pre-instrumental earthquakes, as well as identifying the smaller events, is being actively pursued in order to reduce gaps in knowledge and to ensure as complete and comprehensive a catalogue as is possible. The task of quantifying historical earthquake locations and magnitudes is made difficult by several factors. These include the range of possible earthquake focal depths, and the sparse, temporally- and spatially-variable historical population distribution which affects the availability of felt intensity information, and hence, the completeness levels of the catalogue. This paper overviews the procedures and tools used in the analysis, parameterisation, and recording of historical New Zealand earthquakes, with examples from recently studied historical events. In particular, the 1855 M 8+ Wairarapa earthquake is discussed, as well as its importance for the eminent 19th century British geologist, Sir Charles Lyell, and for future global understanding of the connection between large earthquakes and sudden uplift, tilting and faulting on a regional scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; historicalearthquake ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
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    Seismic activity in Ghana: past, present and future (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Though Ghana is far away from the major earthquake zones of the world, it is prone to earthquake disaster. Ghana has records of damaging earthquakes dating as far back as 1615. The last three major events occurred in 1862, 1906 and 1939. This paper presents the main historical and current instrumental recorded earthquakes of Ghana and the steps being taken to mitigate the negative effects of such disastrous occurrences in the country. The discussion is based on historical and current data obtained from the seismological observatories in Accra and Kukurantumi. Historical earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.0 and current local tremors with magnitudes ranging from 1.0 to 4.8 on the Richter scale have been recorded since the establishment of the seismograph stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; Ghana ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The role of the Pernicana Fault System in the spreading of Mt. Etna (Italy) during the 2002-2003 eruption (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Flank instability and collapse are observed at many volcanoes. Among these, Mt. Etna is characterized by the spreading of its eastern and southern flanks. The eastern spreading area is bordered to the north by the EW-trending Pernicana Fault System (PFS). During the 20022003 Etna eruption, ground fracturing along the PFS migrated eastward from the NE Rift, to as far as the 18 km distant coastline. The deformation consisted of dextral en-echelon segments, with sinistral and normal kinematics. Both of these components of displacement were one order of magnitude larger (~1 m) in the western, previously known, portion of the PFS with respect to the newly surveyed (~9 km long) eastern section (~0.1 m). This eastern section is located along a pre-existing, but previously unknown, fault, where displaced man-made structures give overall slip rates (11.9 cm/year), only slightly lower than those calculated for the western portion (1.42.3 cm/year). After an initial rapid motion during the first days of the 20022003 eruption, movement of the western portion of the PFS decreased dramatically, while parts of the eastern portion continued to move. These data suggest a model of spreading of the eastern flank of Etna along the PFS, characterized by eruptions along the NE Rift, instantaneous, short-lived, meter-scale displacements along the western PFS and more long-lived centimeter-scale displacements along the eastern PFS. The surface deformation then migrated southwards, reactivating, one after the other, the NNWSSE-trending Timpe and Trecastagni faults, with displacements of ~0.1 and ~0.04 m, respectively. These structures, along with the PFS, mark the boundaries of two adjacent blocks, moving at different times and rates. The new extent of the PFS and previous activity over its full length indicate that the sliding eastern flank extends well below the Ionian Sea. The clustering of seismic activity above 4 km b.s.l. during the eruption suggests a deep décollement for the moving mass. The collected data thus suggests a significant movement (volume 〉1,100 km3) of the eastern flank of Etna, both on-shore and off-shore.
    Description: Published
    Description: 417-430
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcano spreading ; Fracturing ; Mt. Etna ; Pernicana Fault System ; NE Rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Fractal Behaviour of the Earth System (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Norwell, Springer, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-26532-5, XVI + 208 p. 72 illus.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: FractureT ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Geothermics ; Non-linear effects ; Dynamic ; Earth ; system ; geophysics ; Inhomogeneity ; scaling
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    Developing Tsunami-Resilient Communities (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Amsterdam, Springer, vol. 1, pp. 225, (1-4020-3353-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Modelling ; NATHAZ ; measurement, ; tsunami ; model, ; data ; assimilation, ; data ; inversion, ; tsunami ; warning, ; tsunameters, ; forecast, ; hazard ; mitigation
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    The Dead Sea fault and its effect on civilization (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 145-168, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: paleo ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; DSTF ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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    Velocity field of the Aegean-Anatolian region from 3D finite element models (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, London, Springer, vol. 201, no. XVI:, pp. 169-184, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Finite Element Method ; Modelling ; Three dimensional ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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    Nonlinear seismology - the seismology of the XXI century (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 47-65, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 28
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    Small-scale mantle plumes: Imaging and geodynamic aspects (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Arnsberg-Neheim, Springer, vol. 10, no. 87-17, pp. 69-94, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; hot ; spots ; GeodesyY ; Tomography ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania
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    An earthquake early warning system for the Romanian capital (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 1-12, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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