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  • Articles  (1,353)
  • United States  (1,312)
  • Chemical analysis
  • Chemistry
  • Marine pollution
  • 2005-2009  (1,353)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand, by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the solar cycle by 2 to 10 K in the mesopause region with the largest values occurring slightly above the summer mesopause. Ozone in the secondary maximum increases by up to 20% for solar maximum conditions. Changes in winds are in general small. In the case of a doubling of carbon dioxide the simulation indicates a cooling of the atmosphere everywhere above the tropopause but by the smallest values around the mesopause. It is shown that the temperature response up to the mesopause is strongly influenced by changes in dynamics. During Northern Hemisphere summer, dynamical processes alone would lead to an almost global warming of up to 3 K in the uppermost mesosphere.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3903-3931
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sensitivity ; Chemistry ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine coastal sediments irom Togo have been analysed for the trace elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Zr to ascertain the geoecological impact of dumping of phosphorite tailings into the sea. Trace element concentrations ranged from 2-44 ppm for Cd, 22-184 ppm for Cu, 19-281 ppm for Ni, 22-176 ppm for Pb, 179- 643 ppm for Sr, 38-329 ppm for V, 60-632 ppm for Zn and 18-8928 ppm for Zr. Regional distribution L of trace elements in the marine environment indicates that the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Sr and Zn increase seawards and aloug the coastal a line outwards of the tailing outfall, whereas Cd and Zr showed reversed spatial patterns. Sorting and transport of phosphorite particles by coastal currents are the main factors controlling the distribution of particle-bound trace metals in the coastal environment. The Cd, Sr and Zn concentrations decrease with decreasing grain size in lnarine coastal sediments, whereas Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations increase with decreasing grain size. Percolation and shaking experiments were carried out in laboratory using raw phosphate material and artificial sea water. Enhanced inobilization of Cd from phosphorites by coutact with the sea water was observed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Togo
    Keywords: Trace elements ; Marine pollution ; Trace elements ; Phosphorite
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine coastal sediments from Togo have been analysed for the trace elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Zr to ascertain the geo-ecological impact of dumping of phosphorite tailings into the sea. Trace element concentrations ranged from 2-44 ppm for Cd, 22-184 ppm for Cu, 19-281 ppm for Ni, 22-176 ppm for Pb, 179-643 ppm for Sr, 38-329 ppm for V, 60-632 ppm for Zn and 18-8928 ppm for Zr. Regional distribution of trace elements in the marine environment indicates that the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Sr and Zn increase seawards and along the coastal line outwards of the tailing outfall, whereas Cd and Zr showed reversed spatial patterns. Sorting and transport of phosphorite particles by coastal currents are the main factors controlling the distribution of particle-bound trace metals in the coastal environment. The Cd, Sr and Zn concentrations decrease with decreasing grain size in marine coastal sediments, whereas Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations increase with decreasing grain size. Percolation and shaking experiments were carried out in laboratory using raw phosphate material and artificial sea water. Enhanced mobilization of Cd from phosphorites by contact with the sea water was observed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Phosphorite tailings
    Keywords: Trace elements ; Marine pollution ; Trace elements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: L'impact environnemental du rejet dans la mer des déchets miniers issus du traitement des phosphates de Hahotoké-Kpogamé(Togo) a été étudié dans ce manuscrit. Les résultats des analyses chimiques rnontrent de fortes concentrations des éléments Cd (2-44 mg/kg), Cr (1 15-753 mg/kg), Cu (22-184 mg/kg), Ni (19-281 mg/kg), V (38-329 mg/kg), Sr (179-643 mg/kg), Pb (22-176 nig/kg), Zn (60-632 mgikg) et du Zr (18-8928 mg/kg) dans la fraction 〈 63 um des sédiments marins côtiers. Les concentrations du Cd diminuent du grain grossier (silte) au grain fin (argile), alors que celles du Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Sr, Zn et Pb augmentent lorsque la granulométrie évolue vers le grain fin. Les phénomènes de transport par les courants littoraux, de tri par densité et de sédimentation des particules phosphatées chargées en métaux lourds sont les principaux facteurs de la distribution spatiale des polluants dans les sédiments côtiers. Les concentrations du Cd et du Zr diminuent de la côte vers le large et au fur et à mesure que I'on s'éloigne de I'exutoire des déchets à Gomou Kopé. Celles du Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Sr et Pb par contre montrent une distribution spatiale contraire, c.a.d qu'elles augmentent de la côte vers le large et au fur et à mesure que l'on s'éloigne de la source. A cause des processus de dispersion des sédiments par les courauts littoraux, un vaste halo geochimique de sédiments hautement pollués s'est constitué autour du point de déversement des déchets miniers. Des essais d'agitation et de percolation du phosphate brut avec de I'eau salée (rapport 1/10) menés en laboratoire montrent qu'une fois le contact eau de mer/phosphate établi il se produit une forte solubilisation des éléments Cd, Ni, Zn, Al et Fe par des processus de désorption causés surtout par la forte salinité de l'eau de mer.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pollution marine, Exploitation minière, Métaux lourds
    Keywords: Togo ; Phosphates ; Marine pollution ; Phosphates ; Heavy metals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The anthropogenic affectation was evaluated on the coast N of the Gulf of Batabanó in May 2003 (corresponding to the provinces of Matanzas and Havana), in areas located in the line of the coast. The results were compared with the historical information of the sector. In the coast N and the Ensenada of the Broa, the parameters oxygen saturation, DBO5 and DQO showed characteristic high values of eutrofication. The biggest contribution in the Cianoficies was in the near coastal areas to sources of organic contamination. In the case of the nutrients they show specific data of mesothrofic waters with tendency to the eutrofization and the silts presented a high affectation for toxic metals. The area near to Guanímar is distinguished to present conditions of organic contamination that favor heterothrofic conditions, corroborated by a prevalence of the processes of mineralization of the organic matter over primary production and lows values of fitoplankton concentration. On the contrary, in the region of Surgidero of Batabanó, the processes of synthesis of organic matter prevail suggested by a high primary production, and concentration of fitoplankton, with low breathing levels and mineralization of the organic matter, that indicates that the system is behaving autothrofically. In a general way, this sector is very affected by the anthropogenic impact. The information obtained is of great importance for the development of the fishing and tourist industries in the area.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring ; Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La ciudad de Mar de Plata en la provincia de Buenos Aires, es el Puerto pesquero más importante de la Argentina, desde el cual operan mas de 400 naves. Para entrar al puerto todas las naves pasan frente a una colonia de lobo marino de un pelo oataria flavescens establecida en uno de los márgenes de la escollera Sur dentro del puerto. Esta colonia está protegida del contacto con el público por un vallado de alambre tejido. Esta compuesta exclusivamente por machos, que descansan durante el invierno. Durante el período reproductor los animales se desplazan hacia las colonias reproductivas, retornando a la lobería a fin del verano. Un alto porcentaje de los animales mostró alteraciones de piel y mucosas al examen visual, con pérdida de pelo abarcando una superficie del 40-95 % del cuerpo. Esta condición demostró ser común en animales de mayor edad, los que cada año retornan a la lobería. Ha sido probado en mamíferos terrestres que las enfermedades de la piel se relacionan tanto con infecciones como con la exposición crónica a los hidrocarburos. En esta colonia los animales toman contacto con el petróleo en el agua o al trepar las rocas. Se realizaron necropsias de tres animales hallados muertos en el área. Uno de ellos presentaba peladuras en el 95% del cuerpo. La histología mostró una epidermis adelgazada con desprendimiento parcial, y atrofia de folículos y glándulas anexas. Los análisis de agua realizados dentro del puerto demostraron la presencia de compuestos saturados derivados del petróleo.
    Description: Mar del Plata City is the most important fishing harbor in Argentina, from where of 400 ships operate. For entering into the harbor, the ships must pass in front of the sea lions colony, which is protected by a fence from the people. The colony is composed only by males, during the breeding cycle they swin to the reproductive colonies and return at the end of the breeding period. A great percentage of the animals, showed skin and mucous diseases with loss of pelage in the 40-95% of the body surface this condition is common in the older animals that every year return to the colony. It has been proved in terrestrial mammals, that skin disease is related to infectious diseases as well as chronic exposure to toxic compounds as oil. Sea lions in this colony are in contact with oil while remaining in water or climbing the rocks. Necropsies of three animals found dead were done. One of them had been affected in the 95% of the body surface. It showed a thinner epidermis with partial tearing and few folicles with annexial glands atrophy. water samples at four diferrent points inside the harbor were taken for analizing. They showed several peaks, in the saturated hydrocarbons fraction.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine pollution ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Marine mammals ; Oil pollution ; Fishing harbours
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The evaluation of the possible environmental changes due to the anthropic impacts that have happened in the last years in this scenario and the redefinition of areas that suffer affectations were carried up. Any environmental alteration of this ecosystem, either of natural or human origin, can have an important economic and social repercussion. According to the proposed chemical and biological indexes, the waters of the Gulf of Batabanó presented mesotrophic conditions with tendency to the eutrofization in four fundamental areas. In the silts of the Gulf the values of organic carbon and sulphidric acid were characteristic of sediments with high concentrations of organic matter. In the coastal sector N, was determinate high concentrations of sulphidric acid and heavy metals, which indicates elevated levels of antrophic affectation. The waters of the reefs of the Gulf showed mesotrophic conditions, while the silts were considered little affected, according to the chemical and biological indexes proposed in this work.
    Description: Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Environmental impact ; Water quality ; Coastal waters ; Heavy metals ; Environmental impact ; Coastal waters ; Water quality ; Man-induced effects ; Marine pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Siendo Guayaquil el principal Puerto Marítimo y fluvial del Pacífico Ecuatoriano, y de gran importancia del comercio exterior que maneja el sistema portuario nacional, así como las diversas actividades como la exportación: carga refrigerada e importación de materias primas para la industria, se determinó un estudio de evaluación cualitativa y cuantitativa de los derrames eventuales de residuos de hidrocarburos del petróleo ocasionado por las diferentes embarcaciones apoderadas en los muelles de Autoridad Portuaria de Guayaquil.
    Description: The study featured a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the contamination of hydrocarbons and petroleum from different cruises in the waters of Estero Salado and Estero El Muerto in the area surrounding the docks of the Guayaquil Port Authority, using contamination data collected during the period 1984 to 2004 by INOCAR. Qualitatively the studies show the presence of bilge waters in most of the study areas from the merchant ships that arrive daily at the port, with the majority occurring in the years 1999 and 2004. With chromatograph analysis were registered 40 positive samples and 15 negative samples, being the highest detection on 2004 year. It was found that the higher frequency of oil spill occurred in the influence area of the APG harbor was in the general loading area # 1 until harbor # 6. From the quantitative point of view, the concentration of solved and dispersed hydrocarbons (HDD) in all the study area, considering the tide state (high and low tide) is relatively low compared with the permissible limit of 10, considered as the maximum value for surface natural waters in the standard UNESCO 1976. By the other hand, it must be considered that this minimum concentration produce the existence of a permanent oil film, giving a character of chronicle with the consequence of producing negative effects to the ecosystem at a short or medium term.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Harbours ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Merchant ships ; Boats ; Harbours ; Marine pollution ; Oil pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The many fishing activities of the south area of the Counties Sancti Spíritus and Ciego de Ávila they are enough reason to make studies of levels of toxic elements in the silts. The obtained results of the determination of Cu, Co, Cr and Pb in silts of the estuaries and rivers Agabama, Zaza and Jatibonico of the South are discussed and compared. They are also related these elements with the percentage of volatile matter in the silts. These tributary of the south coast, nevertheless to be in the same line of coast of about 200 Km presents remarkable differences as for their relationships with urban populations, industries and agricultural works. The technique employee for determination of the concentrations of the metallic elements was the espectrofotometry of atomic absorption.
    Description: Published
    Description: superficial sediments, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Marine pollution ; Heavy metals ; Spectrochemical analysis ; Sediments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This work concerns the modeling of the phosphogypsum dispersion emitted by the chemical industries in the gulf of Gabès. The CORMIX model based on the dimensional analysis theory is used for this study. An analysis of the sensitivity of the model parameters was initially made; eight simulations were then carried out to determine the space extent of pollution on the level of the gulf. For each condition of tide, we carried out four simulations, two concerns the high tide and two concerns the low tide. Simulations showed that pollution by phosphogypsum is spread out in space over a surface of about 60 km2.
    Description: تهتمّ هذه الدراسة بنمذجة انتشار االفوسفوجيبس بخليج قابس المتأتية من المعامل الكيمائيّة بالجهة. وقد استعملنا لهذا الغرض النموذج الرقمي «CORMIX». في البداية، قمنا بتحليل مدى حسسيّة تغيير مركبات النموذج، ثمّ قمنا بثمانية نمذجات لتحديد مدى انتشار التلوث في خليج قابس. لكلّ حالة مدّ وجزر قمنا بأربعة نمذجات. بيّنت هذه الدراسة عن طريق النمذجة، أنّ التلوث بالفوسفوجيبس يمتدّ على مساحة قدّرت بـ 60 كم2.
    Description: Ce travail porte sur la modélisation de la dispersion du phosphogypse émis par les industries chimiques dans le golfe de Gabès. Le modèle CORMIX, basé sur la théorie de l’analyse dimensionnelle, est utilisé dans le cadre de cette étude. Une analyse de la sensibilité des paramètres du modèle a d’abord été faite. Huit simulations ont été ensuite réalisées pour déterminer l’étendue spatiale de la pollution au niveau du golfe. Pour chaque condition de marée (marée haute, marée basse) quatre simulations ont été effectuées. Les résultats des simulations ont montré que la pollution par le phosphogypse s’étale dans l’espace sur une superficie de l’ordre de 60 km2. Mots clés: Modélisation numérique, dispersion, CORMIX, phosphogypse, Gabès.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Numerical modeling ; Dispersion ; MED, Tunisia, Gabes Gulf ; Modélisation numérique ; Dispersion ; CORMIX ; Phosphogypse ; Phosphogypsum ; Marine pollution ; Mathematical models
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A poluição marinha e costeira em Moçambique é umas das questões ambientais mais preocupantes, não só em termos ecológicos como também em termos económicos. O desenvolvimento da indústria turística, além de benefícios directos para a economia local, regional e até nacional, pode igualmente acarretar aspectos negativos.. como é, por exemplo, o aumento da poluição costeira. O distrito de Matutuíne, Província de Maputo - Sul de Moçambique, apresenta um elevado potencial de desenvolvimento turístico, que.. durante a sua implementação irá, certamente, ser acompanhada por um aumento da poluição das praias por resíduos sólidos, vulgarmente denominados "lixo do turista". … Assim, em Janeiro do presente ano, foi efectuada uma avaliação da composição e quantidade de resíduos sólidos existentes em quatro áreas à volta da Ponta Malongane. Duas técnicas foram usadas para tal: (i) recolha aleatória (cobrindo uma área aproximada de 4 000 m2) realizadas por 2 pessoas durante 10 minutos; e (ii) recolhas sistemáticas através de 5 quadrículas de 10 x 10 m. A amostragem aleatória foi efectuada apenas numa das áreas (praias em frente ao Parque de Campismo) com o objectivo de se fazer uma comparação entre as duas técnicas. Da amostragem aleatória e sistemática, obteve-se resultados muito similares, demonstrando que a escolha de qualquer uma delas deverá ser baseada em factores de ordem puramente logística (disponibilidade de tempo, dinheiro, recursos humanos, etc). De todas as categorias de resíduos sólidos consideradas, os plásticos dominaram com percentagens que variaram de 68 a 93 %. De um modo geral, as áreas mais usadas como destino turístico apresentaram maior quantidade e diversidade de resíduos sólidos. É de salientar a relativamente elevada percentagem de alcatrão na praia em frente ao Parque de Campismo. A quantidade total de resíduos encontrados foi considerada baixa (sempre inferior a 1 Kg / 100 m2) e as praias de Malongane foram consideradas em estado não crítico de poluição. Por isso, e tendo em conta o potencial de crescimento da indústria turística da zona, são providenciadas medidas de acção preventiva de modo a manter e se possível, melhorar o estado de conservação e limpeza das praias.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine pollution ; Heavy metals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: As a result of an agreement signed by the Municipal Government of Baradero Buenos Aires Province, Argentina and the INIDEP, the sanitary quality of the Baradero River waters was studied and fish safety assessed. Results of five field surveys carried out between 1993 and 1997 are studied. Organochlorine and organophosphorate pesticide residues, as well as traces of heavy metals were analyzed in 49 fish specimens and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB), total coliform bacteria (TC) and fecal coliform bacteria (FC) were counted out in 7 sampling stations placed on the coast and the riverbed. Alpha Hexachlorohexane, gamma Hexachlorohexane, beta Hexachlorohexane, Aldrin, Heptachlor epoxide, pp'DDE and Dieldrin were detected in fish tissues. The values of AHB found in different stations were not statistically different. The FC density on the coast was significantly greater than that found in the riverbed. Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae were identified. It is concluded that the current levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues in fish are not dangerous for the average consumer nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the risk for groups with higher consumption rates, such as sport and subsistence fishers. On the other hand, there is microbiological pollution in the river owed to both, industrial wastewater and sewage discharges. The recorded bacterial stocks, pathogenic or potentially pathogenic, are susceptible to cause illnesses.
    Description: Publisher permission
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Public health ; Water analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Freshwater pollution ; Pollution surveys ; Chemical analysis ; Water analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Pesticides ; Public health ; Pathogenic bacteria
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  • 13
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    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente trabajo realiza un enfoque general acerca de la problemática de la contaminación marina por petróleo, el comportamiento de este contaminante en el mar, así como las fuentes más probables de contaminación por petróleo. Además se presenta un enfoque específico de la concentración y distribución de hidrocarburos del petróleo, disueltos y dispersos en aguas del mar, frente a las principales poblaciones costeras de las provincias del Guayas y el Oro, tomando en consideración dos muestreos, Diciembre de 1985 y Abril de 1986. Se concluye que, aún cuando no se han detectado concentraciones masivas de hidrocarburos disueltos y dispersos en las aguas estudiadas, sin embargo, la presencia del contaminante, en todas ellas, en mayor o menor grado, indica que la contaminación existe, en forma crónica, con el consiguiente daño ecológico que se pudiera ocasionar al ecosistema costero.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., grafs.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine pollution ; Oil pollution
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This Journal is published by National Institute of Oceanography and Fishereies, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The distribution of (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd) concentrations were determined in surface marine sediments and coral reefs at Wadi El-Gemal in the Red Sea area. There were significant differences in concentrations of heavy metals in the marine sediments relative to the coral reefs. Some heavy metal concentrations in sediments and coral reefs in the study area are high compared to that in the impact areas of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The results indicate that the high concentrations of heavy metals in marine sediments and coral reefs are particularly affected by the high contribution of terrigenous materials through the stream of Wadi El-Gemal. Generally, heavy metals concentration in the sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline with the exception of Pb, which increased with increasing distance from the shoreline. On the other hand, Pb concentration in coral reefs is high compared to that in some sediment samples at Wadi El- Gemal area. The grain size, carbonate, organic matter, phosphorus and heavy metals distribution reflect marked changes in lithology, biological activities in the sea and land geology of the study area. Carbonate content mainly of biogenic origin varies from 5.7 –69.5% of the sediments. Organic matter contents of the sediments (1.7 to 6.5%) and phosphorus content (110 to 5097ppm) usually reflect significant terrigenous influences. On the other hand, heavy metals show an increasing tendency in the mud fraction of Wadi El-Gemal area. The present work reflects how much the marine sediments and coral reefs are influenced by natural impacts from this wadi. The collected data will be useful in management and suitable development of the area, beside being helpful as database in the future.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hard corals ; Wadi El-Gemal ; Natural impacts ; Heavy metals ; Environment ; Marine ecology ; Environments ; Marine ecology ; Marine pollution ; Sediments ; Coral reefs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The grain size distribution and arameters, major and trace elements, carbonate, total phosphorus, organic carbon and total organic matter has been assessed for core sediments collected in the intertidal area of Qusier, Safaga and Hurghada harbors in July 2002. Mud is the dominant fraction in almost all samples of Qusier core and some samples of Safaga and Hurghada cores. The reason for the high mud content of all Qusier core samples and some samples of Safaga and Hurghada cores is due to the terrigenous flux of wadies, phosphate deposits, landfill and dredging in these areas. Metals concentrations in the core sediments vary between sites within a wide range for Cu, Zn, Pb, V, Ni and Cd. Concentration of metals in the sediments at the top of cores is the highest. The highest concentration of P, V in Quseir, Pb, Zn in Safaga, Cd, Co,Ni in Hurghada may be attributed to anthropogenic inputs from the urrounding areas and harbors. Contamination with fine-grained terrigenous material and organic matter are recorded in Quseir and Safaga core samples. The increase in observed contaminants in these areas is probably due to phosphate deposits, sewage sludge discharge to the sea and lead in gasoline of motor boats. Concentrations of trace metals and physical properties measured in core samples will help in identifying anthropogenic impacts and better assessment the needs for remedial measures by detecting any changes, from the existing level expected with future operation activities.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Trace elements ; Carbonate ; Anthropogenic impact ; Remediation ; Marine environment ; Organic matter ; Environments ; Grain size ; Marine environment ; Marine pollution ; Organic matter
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The present work aimed to estimate the toxicity of cadmium and copper to fingerlings of marine fish Mugil seheli, as well as the effect of different concentratios of Cd and Cu on some biochemical parameters (Aspartate and alanine transaminase enzymes, glucose, glycogen, lipid and protein) in the fish organs. 96-h LC50s of Cd and Cu were 5.36 and 1.64 ppm, respectively. Levels of aspartate and alanine transaminase were reduced within 2 days of exposure to different concentrations of Cd (2.0 and 0.5 ppm) and Cu (0.5 and 0.2 ppm) in both plasma and muscle tissue. Glucose was increased reaching the highest values after 4 days of the treatment with Cd and Cu, while muscle glycogen was increased at first days then dropped after 14 days below control level. Generally, total lipids and proteins in plasma and muscle recorded higher values than the control one.The present study showed high toxicity of copper to fish Mugil seheli comparing to cadmium.
    Description: NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Toxicity ; Cadmium ; Copper ; Aspartate and Alanine transaminases ; Glucose ; Glycogen ; Lipid ; Protein ; Fish (Mugil seheli) ; Abiotic factors ; Accumulation ; Chemical analysis ; Marine fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 17
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    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The present study deals with the physical and chemical characteristics of the water of Abu Za'baal Ponds. Determination of physical parameters (air and water temperatures, transparency, electrical conductivity, salinity, total solids, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids) and chemical parameters (pH, DO, BOD, COD, HCO3 -, CO3 --, Cl- , SO4 --,Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NO2-, NO3-, NH3, PO4--, TP and SiO2-) were carried out to identify the nature and quality of the water of Abu Za'baal Ponds. The present results reveal that the values of most physical and chemical parameters were higher than those of freshwater, lower than those of saline water and in the same range of the brackishwater. Thus, the water of Abu Za'baal Ponds can be classified as brackishwater.
    Description: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries- Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Abu Za'baal Ponds ; Chemical composition ; Coastal waters ; Environmental conditions ; Chemical analysis ; Chemical composition ; Coastal waters ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 18
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    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the real contaminants of petroleum, were detected in the surface seawater of Alexandria coastal area in winter and spring seasons of 1995. Their order of predominance, particularly for the individual components were principally due to the processes of input, transport and fluxes. Variation of PAHs was not following seasonal changes but it was slightly affected by partial dissolution of the lowerboiling aromatic hydrocarbons. The most abundant component of aromatic hydrocarbons was pyrene (PAH),112ngI-1 followed by naphthalene(56ngI-1) and its alkylated derivatives (dicyclic), then phenanthrene(14ngI-1) and its methylated derivatives (tricyclic). The potential fish carcinogenic PAH, dibenz [a & c] anthracene was found in extremely trace levels. Most aromatic hydrocarbons present in seawater were arised from combustion of various petroleum and non-petroleum products, while few aromatics were found as a result of petroleum pollution. PAHs were also detected in rain water(25ngI-1). Plasticiser mate rials (phthalates) were determined everywhere at considerable levels in the coastal area of Alexandria; which is the first district in Egypt for producing and recycling polyethylene, plastics and nylons.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Sources, Seasonal changes, Natural variation, Plasticizer materials, Rain water
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Environment ; Chemical analysis ; Environments ; Marine environment ; Marine pollution ; Oil pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mémoire de DEA
    Description: Ce travail a pour objectif de déterminer le niveau de contamination des produits halieutiques mauritaniens. Pour cela, nous avons étudié les polluants chimiques (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd et Hg) dans des moules (〈Perna perna〉) prélevées au niveau de la baie du Lévrier en Mauritanie sur une période de quatre mois (novembre 1998 à février 1999). Sur les 400 échantillons analysés les moyennes de concentrations trouvées restent faibles par rapports à celles trouvées dans d'autres zones peu polluées (Amiard et al. 1986b). Ce qui n'est pas le cas du cadmium qui présente des valeurs plus élevées, phénomène fréquemment rencontré le long de la côte ouest africaine (Sidoumou et al. 1992). Par ailleurs, dans cette présente étude il apparaît que les moules de petites tailles (inférieure à 8 cm) concentrent plus de métaux (Cu, Fe, Zn et Cd) que les grandes tailles (supérieures à 8 cm). Respectivement, pour la station Cabanon nous avons les concentrations suivantes en ltg.g-1 de poids sec (grande taille - petite taille): 4,89 - 5,57 ; 201,41 - 268,15 ; 58,99 - 72,23 ; 3,77 - 5,93. Aussi, les femelles accumulent beaucoup plus de métaux (Cu, Fe, Zn et Cd) que les mâles ; respectivement nous avons pour la station Comeca les concentrations suivantes en gg/g-1 de poids sec (mâle - femelle) : 1,99 - 3,6 ; 98,94 - 115,94 ; 40,67 - 41,99 ; 3,07 - 4,00. Les résultats obtenus nous permettent de conclure que la Baie du Lévrier peut être considérée comme zone non polluée. This work presents a study of metals traces (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd and Hg) in mussel (〈Perna perna〉) taken in bay of the Bay Lévrier in Mauritania over one four months period (November 1998 at February 1999). On the 400 analyzed samples the averages of found concentrations remain weak by reports/ratios with those found in other zones (Atlantic Ocean) little polluted (Amiard and al 1986b). What is not the case of the cadmium which presents higher values, phenomenon frequently met along the Wests coast African (Sidoumou and al 1992). In addition, in this present study it appears that the mussel of small sizes (lower than 8 cm) concentrate more metals (Cu, Fe, Zn and Cd) that big sizes (higher than 8 cm) ; respectively for the Cabanon station we have the following concentrations in gg.g-1 of dry weight (big sizes - small sizes) : 4,89 - 5,57 ; 201,41 - 268,15 ; 58,99 - 72,23 ; 3,77 - 5,93. Also, the females accumulate much more metals (Cu, Fe, Zn and Cd) that males ; respectively we have for the Comeca station the following concentrations in gg/g-1 of dry weight (males - females) : 1,99 - 3,6 ; 98,94 - 115,94 ; 40,67 - 41,99 ; 3,07 - 4,00. The results obtained enable us to conclude that the Bay of the Lévrier can be regarded as not polluted zone.
    Description: IMROP
    Description: moule, Comeca, Cabanon, Cuivre, Fer, Mercure, Polluants chimiques
    Keywords: Copper ; Iron ; Environmental conditions ; Mercury ; Size ; Zinc ; Chemical analysis ; Copper ; Environmental conditions ; Iron ; Mercury ; Size ; Zinc
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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  • 20
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research | Lagos, Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Analysis of 450 sediment samples from various rivers in Nigeria have resulted in the identification of seven major drainage systems some of which may be potential sources of heavy mineral contribution to the continental shelf. The seven major drainage systems are: (1)Niger/Benue drainage system with coarse to medium size sediments and a high of 90% opaque mineral concentration in many cases. Some gem heavy minerals like garnet and zircon are also recorded. (2)Gombi drainage system: consists of medium to coarse sand. Opaque mineral concentrations are also high. Up to 90.59% at station BO.99.3. (3)Bauchi Plateau drainage system: Sediments from this drainage system are very coarse and highly angular. This drainage system records the highest overall opaque mineral concentration. 46.00% to 92.51%. This area also records the occurrence of zircon 8.0% in some stations. (4)Sokoto drainage system: Sediments from this drainage system again range from medium to coarse sand, which are moderately well sorted, and largely leptokurtic to platykurtic. Opaque minerals range between 27.66% to a high of 86.66%. The ultrastable minerals zircon, rutile and tourmaline are also found to be present in many of the samples from this drainage system. (5)Kabba-Kaima (Kwara) drainage system: Sediments from this area are generally well sorted medium sand which are rather low in opaque minerals with many stations having less than 300 heavy mineral grains per slide. However, zircon, rutile and tourmaline record appreciable concentrations of 13.33% in some stations. (6)Adamawa drainage system: This drainage system consists of coarse sand, which are mainly very well sorted, and strongly to
    Description: NIOMR, LAGOS
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine ecology ; Marine ecology ; Marine pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Le domaine maritime sénégalais s’étend de 18°00 N, -20°00 W, -16°30 E, 12°15 S ; la presqu’île du Cap-Vert située entre 14°30 N et 15°00 N le divise en deux zones aux caractéristiques topographiques distinctes. Au nord, le plateau continental est peu étendu vers le large et orienté Nord-Nord/Est. Au sud de la presqu’île, le plateau s’élargit et le talus continental est orienté nord-sud. L’embouchure du fleuve Sénégal au Sénégal au Nord de la presqu’île du Cap-Vert et celles de la Gambie et de la Casamance au Sud constituent également un trait marquant de cette région. Les travaux réalisés au Sénégal en océanographie ont montré : - l’existence de deux saisons marines aux caractéristiques très différentes qui se succèdent : une saison chaude de juillet à octobre et une saison froide de décembre à mai. Ces deux saisons sont séparées par des périodes de transition. Pendant la saison froide, les alizés (vent de secteur nord-ouest à nord-est) s’établissent et engendrent à la côte une résurgence d’eau profonde (upwelling) vers la surface ; - la mise en évidence de systèmes de grands courants aux caractéristiques différentes : le courant des Canaries et le contre courant équatorial ; - la description de trois grandes houles au large du Sénégal : o la houle de Nord-Nord ouest qui a lieu toute l’année o la houle de Sud-Sud ouest apparaissant pendant l’hivernage o la houle d’ouest possible aux environs du mois de novembre. Le littoral sénégalais représente une zone d’intérêt stratégique à la fois sur le plan démographique, économique et environnemental. Les milieux naturels, dans un état de conservation relativement préservé, produisent des ressources vitales pour les 11 millions d’habitants peuplant le Sénégal. L’économie nationale sénégalaise est très dépendante de ces ressources côtières et marines qui constituent les principales recettes en devises, qu’il s’agisse de pêche ou de tourisme. L’analyse de la situation et des tendances montre que la zone côtière fait l’objet de pressions diversifiées et de plus en plus lourdes. Ces pressions se traduisent souvent par des conflits d’intérêts entre les différents secteurs et par des impacts qui génèrent une dégradation de l’environnement et des conditions de vie des populations. Cette évolution risque ainsi de compromettre les potentialités de développement offertes par les 700 Km de littoral sénégalais. La pression démographique se développe préférentiellement sur la zone côtière qui accueille déjà près de 60% des habitants, notamment dans les centres urbains et les capitale, toutes situées en bord de mer, et qui continuent à recevoir des populations en provenance de l’intérieur, réfugiés climatiques ou économiques, ou simplement jeunesse attirée par les « lumières de la ville ». Cet exode, à l’origine de dysfonctionnements des systèmes de production ruraux qui manquent peu à peu de main d’oeuvre, contribue à son tour à générer des perturbations au niveau des centres urbains où la misère se substitue parfois à la pauvreté.
    Description: Les besoins en matériaux de construction consécutifs à cette évolution démographique entraînent des prélèvements massifs de sable sur les plages qui ont à leur tour des conséquences négatives sur l’érosion et la protection du littoral. La fragilisation des cordons dunaires augmente ainsi les risques d’inondations des terres, la ville de Saint Louis étant particulièrement vulnérable à cet égard. Les besoins en développement ont conduit à la réalisation d’infrastructures le long du littoral. Ces constructions, qui tiennent trop rarement compte des contraintes environnementales, ont entraîné des répercussions structurelles sur l’équilibre de la zone côtière. Ainsi, les barrages anti-sel, tel le barrage de Diama sur le fleuve Sénégal, ont entraîné des répercussions sur le fonctionnement de certains écosystèmes côtiers. En condamnant les influences des apports d’eau douce ils appauvrissent les milieux situés en aval, stérilisant peu à peu des zones riches en ressources ainsi que les économies et les cultures qui en dépendent. Le ralentissement des courants et la baisse de salinité en amont du barrage favorisent l’apparition de certaines plantes envahissantes, telles que la bilharziose ou le paludisme. Les effectifs de poissons dépendant de milieux à salinité variable sont directement affectés, expliquant par exemple une chute de près de 70% des captures dans le bas delta du Sénégal. Les besoins du développement se traduisent également par l’amélioration ou la création d’axes routiers qui, dans la majorité des cas, longent la zone côtière. Ces ouvrages entraînent des impacts directs sur l’environnement, tels la destruction des mangroves là où les routes barrent l’écoulement des marées (exemple de la route Samba Dia – Djifère. Les systèmes de production traditionnels sont en règle générale peu préparés à faire face à des circuits de commercialisation organisés à une échelle régionale ou internationale, où à des technologies plus performantes, et éprouvent des difficultés à maintenir un contrôle sur leur terroir. Faute de pouvoir opérer une métamorphose rapide de leur système de production, le risque existe de voir peu à peu disparaître des savoir-faire d’une grande valeur dans la gestion même de ces territoires et de leurs ressources et , plus généralement, des cultures qui leur sont associées. Le développement industriel exerce des impacts potentiels ou réels de grande magnitude sur la zone côtière et marine. Les secteurs les plus significatifs à cet égard sont le tourisme et les hydrocarbures. Concernant le premier, les infrastructures, principalement orientées vers le tourisme balnéaire, sont en grande majorité installées à proximité directe de la zone côtière. L’absence quasi généralisée d’études d’impacts approfondies et indépendantes a conduit à de nombreux échecs. Ainsi, la plupart des projets ont été pensés et réalisés sans tenir suffisamment compte des contextes socio-économiques, culturels et environnementaux dans lesquels ils s’insèrent. Certaines réalisations ont été planifiées sur des secteurs soumis à une forte érosion littorale, compromettant de façon irrémédiable non seulement les investissements mais l’utilisation ultérieure du site, comme cela s’est produit sur les plages au sud immédiat du Cap Skirring. Les questions relatives à la disponibilité en eau douce qui se posent de façon cruciale dans le Saloum par exemple, à la gestion des déchets et des eaux usées ne sont que rarement prises en considération de façon structurelle et durable, conduisant à la dégradation de l’environnement ou à des conflits avec les communautés locales qui nuisent à la qualité même du tourisme. L’exploration et l’exploitation des ressources en hydrocarbures représentent aussi un secteur d’intérêt stratégique avec une généralisation des prospections. Si la découverte de gisement d’intérêt commercial représente une opportunité majeure pour l’économie nationale, elle soulève néanmoins un certain nombre de questions au regard de l’environnement. En effet les des puits. Parmi ces risques nous pouvons citer les impacts des études sismiques sur les organismes marins, notamment poissons et cétacés, le rejet de fluides toxiques et déblais de forage, le déversement des eaux de production et les pollutions aiguës dues à des accidents intervenant pendant le forage, le stockage ou le transport. Le Sénégal en ce moment, en est au stade de la prospection. Toutefois, pour ce qui concerne le transport d’hydrocarbures, plus de 90 000 0000 de tonnes d’hydrocarbures transitent par les côtes sénégalaises. Les modèles de dérive des nappes élaborés par la Compagnie pétrolière Woodside en relation avec le champ de Chinguetti, actuellement en cours de production au large de la Mauritanie, montrent des probabilités d’impact sur les côtes allant du golfe d’Arguin jusqu’à Dakar, en cas d’accident. La surexploitation des ressources halieutiques constitue également un problème au niveau de l’environnement marin et côtier. En effet, si une partie de la fluctuation des biomasses peut s’expliquer par les changements du régime des upwellings, la baisse des captures s’explique par un effort de pêche excessif, que ce soit dans le sous-secteur industriel ou artisanal. A cette surcapacité vient s’ajouter la présence de flottes illicites non déclarées et non réglementées. L’utilisation de certains engins ou pratiques de pêche contribue à aggraver la situation : la pêche crevettière est à l’origine de prises accidentelles qui représentent jusqu’à 85 % du total des captures, incluant des espèces protégées comme les tortues marines, et qui sont rejetés à la mer . Les chaluts de fonds, qui vont pêcher jusqu’à 800 m de profondeur, ainsi que les dragues à coquillages entraînant des dégâts structurels sur les écosystèmes De plus l’influence des marchés à l’exportation exerce des pressions sélectives sur certaines espèces, les espèces démersales de poissons, céphalopodes étant les plus recherchées sur le marché. Les changements climatiques ont également des impacts négatifs sur l’environnement marin et côtier. On sait que l’élévation du niveau marin aura des répercussions directes sur les installations humaines littorales ainsi que sur les écosystèmes insulaires et côtiers. Des zones de mangroves entières qui ne disposent pas des conditions écologiques pour s’adapter peuvent disparaître, entraînant des risques accrus d’érosion et d’inondation. Ces mêmes risques se multiplient avec la fréquence accrue des épisodes météorologiques exceptionnels tels que les ondes de tempêtes capables de drosser les pirogues à la côte ou de provoquer la rupture de cordons dunaires. On sait par ailleurs que le réchauffement de la température des mers influe négativement sur la productivité des océans et la dynamique des courants tels que le courant profond originaire de l’antarctique et qui exporte vers le Sénégal et les autres pays de la sousrégion des sels nutritifs présents dans les upwellings. On observe également une diminution de la puissance des alizés qui pourrait avoir des répercussions directes sur la force des upwellings et donc sur la productivité des pêcheries et du milieu marin en général. La stratégie de réponse proposée combine une protection des zones côtières importantes et un reboisement des dunes littorales dans les secteurs de la côte nord et de la Flèche de Sangomar particulièrement menacés. L’évaluation économique de cette stratégie montre qu’elle est coûteuse mais nettement en deçà de la valeur économique des terres qu’elle sera amenée à protéger. Des efforts complémentaires devront cependant être faits pour évaluer le coût d’autres solutions de protection telles que le nourissement artificiel des plages. Par ailleurs, la stratégie envisagée ne répondant qu’à l’un des impacts des changements climatiques, à savoir les inondations, toute une série de mesures dites d’accompagnement ont été suggérées qui visent à diminuer la vulnérabilité en gérant mieux les ressources présentes dans la zone côtière, en développant les techniques de récupération des sols salés et en prenant des mesures législatives et institutionnelles appropriées. Enfin, il est très important de souligner que ces différentes mesures ne devraient être envisagées que dans un cadre plus global de gestion intégrée des zones côtières, seul à même d’assurer la participation de l’ensemble des acteurs concernés, l’éducation, la recherche et l’information environnementales mais aussi la cohérences et le suivi des mesures.
    Description: Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature, des Bassins de Rétention et des Lacs Artificiels, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: écosystéme marin; technique de pêche; filet; érosion côtière; pollution; pêche; flore; environnement; migration; pêcheur; oiseau d'eau; tortue marine; lamantin; requin; mammifére marin; réglementation; mangrove; écosystème; estuaire; delta
    Keywords: Deltas ; Ecosystems ; Marine environment ; Aquatic birds ; Fishermen ; Fisheries ; Mangroves ; Coastal erosion ; Flora ; Fishing nets ; Deltas ; Ecosystems ; Mangroves ; Coastal erosion ; Marine environment ; Marine mammals ; Shark fisheries ; Turtle fisheries ; Aquatic birds ; Fishermen ; Migrations ; Flora ; Fisheries ; Marine pollution ; Fishing nets ; Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The giant clam (Tridacna maxima) and sediments have been collected from clean and contaminated coastal sites of the Egyptian Red Sea. Selected samples of the giant clam shells and the associated surface sediments were analyzed for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd. Significant spatial differences in metal concentrations in Tridacna maxima and sediments were identified. Copper and lead are greatly enriched in the giant clam shells, which is related to their physiological function. Cd content is higher in Tridacna maxima than in sediments, because of the easy substitution between Cd and Ca. The levels of most metals in the giant clam shells and sediments were higher in the anthropogenic sites than in the uncontaminated sites. Generally, metal variations reflect natural conditions and human activity. Moreover, there are no clear relationships between concentrations of heavy metals in the giant clam shells and those in sediments.
    Description: NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bioaccumulation ; Heavy metals ; Giant clam ; Tridacna ; Red Sea ; Absorption ; Accumulation ; Chemical analysis ; Clam culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 23
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research | Lagos, Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The coastal waters in Nigeria are described in relation to the general morphology, vegetation and beach Type along the 850km coastal. The environmental sensitivity of the fragile Niger delta ecosystem is expressed by the numerous estuaries, rivers, creeks, lacustrine and inshore waters which support freshwater and brackish water mangrove swamps. Ocean resources exploited from the Niger delta and adjacent Continental platform include oil, gas and fishes. The general hydrograph and superfial circulation are described against the background of human activities in coastal settlements and developmental pressures for resource utilisation giving rise to water pollution. Micropollutants identified and measured so far include organic waste, trace heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Although there is dearth of data for most coastal areas, there is a good basis for further monitoring by continuous standardized Measurements and observations to obtain reliable scientific data for management policies and regulatory framework for the protection of the coaster waters.
    Description: NIOMR, LAGOS
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
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  • 24
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    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by the NIOF, Egypt
    Description: Lake Manzalah; the largest delta Lake in Egypt represents a dynamic system that has been undergoing continuous and pronounced changes since long times. In the last year’s this Lake faced drastic problems that retarded its environmental and fisheries development; the most serious one is the discharge of waste water. It is attempted in the present study to investigate the chemical characters of Lake Manzalah water during 2001-2002. Water temperature ranged from an average of 12.35oC in January and 29.14oC in July. Dissolved Oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids were found in ranges optimum for the living of marine and freshwater fish species. The average concentrations of nutrients lied in the following ranges: 1.24 to 4.89 μmol PO4 -3 l-1 , 5.08 to 28.73 μmol SiO4 -2 l-1 and 1.81 to 17.7 μ_mol NO3-1 l-1 The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds were found to be relatively higher at the southern regions of the Lake near to the outlets of the drains.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrography ; Water ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Water content ; Environment ; Chemical composition ; Environments ; Water content ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The taxonomic composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of copepods were analysed from monthly zooplankton samples collected in Makupa creek and Mombasa Harbour (Makupa creek was until recently subjected to considerable dumping of domestic and industrial waste). At least 51 copepod species belonging to 38 genera in the families Calanoida (25), Harpacticoida (5), Poecilostomatoida (7) and Cyclopoida (1) were identified. The most common genera were Acartia, Acrocalanus, Corycaeus, Oncaea and Oithona. Copepods bloomed in the wet months of November and April (75 to 158/m3). Abundance was consistently high near the creek mouth and low within the creek enclosure. Copepod diversity (H’) was slightly higher (2.00 to 2.57) during September, November, December, January, May and June and lower (1.30 to 1.95) in the remaining months. Evenness (J) was, however, relatively constant (0.67 to 0.84) during the entire sampling period. These results point to suppressed copepod diversity and abundance in Makupa Creek, and possible reasons for this, which may include environmental degradation caused by pollution, are presented.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mombasa ; Marine pollution ; Zooplankton ; Copepod culture ; Monsoons
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 26
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    Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research | Lagos, Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Guinea coast. It is a shallow expanse of water with restricted circulation in a micro-tidal environment. This aquatic resource of multiple usages receives inputs of domestic The Lagos Lagoon is the largest of the four lagoon systems of the Gulf of hydrocarbon cooling water from a thermal power station and emissions from automobile exhaust. Micro-pollutants examined in the water, sediment and biota have included organic waste, trace heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Concentrations detected have identified â hot spotsâ and relatively unpolluted areas for the different contaminants in the lagoon. The results show marked variations and non-uniform distribution from one season to another. It has been difficult to differentiate pollution effects from natural variations in the general milieu of contaminated water. A monitoring program is recommended as a measure to restore the water quality following compliance with management policies and regulatory framework introduced for the protection of the coastal water.
    Description: NIOMR, Lagos
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Lagoons ; Marine pollution ; Lagoons
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Blooms of toxic or harmful microalgae, commonly called "red tides," represent a significant and expanding threat to human health and fisheries resources throughout the United States and the world. Ecological, aesthetic, and public health impacts include: mass mortalities of wild and farmed fish and shellfish, human intoxication and death from the consumption of contaminated shellfish or fish, alterations of marine food webs through adverse effects on larvae and other life history stages of commercial fish species, the noxious smell and appearance of algae accumulated in nearshore waters or deposited on beaches, and mass mortalities of marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals. In this report, we provide an estimate of the economic impacts of HABs in the United States from events where such impacts were measurable with a fair degree of confidence during the interval 1987-92. The total economic impact averaged $49 million per year, with public health impacts representing the largest component (45 percent). Commercial fisheries impacts were the next largest (37 percent of the total), while recreation/tourism accounted for 13 percent, and monitoring/management impacts 4 percent. These estimates are highly conservative, as many economic costs or impacts from HABs could not be estimated.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grants No. NA46RG0470 and NA90AA-D-SG480, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-9321244, and the Johnson Endowment of the Marine Policy Center.
    Keywords: Harmful algal blooms ; HABs ; Red tides ; Economic impacts ; Brown tides ; United States
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 28
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2003
    Description: Contamnant exposure has been associated with toxic effects in marine mammals. Studies on early biochemical and molecular responses prior to, but associated with, contaminant-induced toxicity will aid in understanding the susceptibility of cetaceans to such exposures. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) induction by planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, including certain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), has been correlated with toxic effects in rodents. CYP1A1 expression was measured in multiple organs from beluga whales and white-sided dolphins and integument biopsies from bottlenose dolphins. Age and sex do not appear to influence CYP1A1 expression in these species. Mono-artha PCB concentrations were correlated with CYP1A1 in bottlenose dolphin integument and white-sided dolphin liver. White-sided dolphins, with PCBs concentrations six times higher than Arctic beluga, have lower hepatic CYP1A1 expression. Beluga whales thus appear very sensitive to the induction of CYP1A1 by PHAHs. These studies demonstrate that comparative studies between cetacean species, with reference to experimental work in model organisms, could determine the relative susceptibility of cetaceans to contaminant exposures. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for estrogen production and recent studies suggest that PCBs may alter its activity or expression. We determined the sequence and characterized the catalytic properties of a cetacean aromatase, which was similar to other mammalian aromatases. Evolutionary analyses of vertebrate aromatases revealed striking functional conservation. Although much work is required, these data show that similar to CYP1A1, aromatase studies in other mammals are applicable to cetacean species. Experimental work in model organisms, coupled with careful studies with cetacean tissues, could infer the physiological role and transcriptional control of aromatase in cetacean species.
    Description: Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postgraduate scholarship B, the MIIWOI Joint Program, WHOI Sea Grant Project Number R/-162, NI Superfund Basic Research Program Grant P-42-ES07381, the WHOI Biology Department, and the International Whaling Commission's Pollution 2000+ program.
    Keywords: Cetacea ; Marine pollution ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Enzyme inhibitors ; Enzymatic analysis ; Delaware II (Ship) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This study was undertaken to advance the basis for discussions among Contracting Parties to the Cartagena Convention concerning a protocol on land-based marine pollution (LBMP) in the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR). The study has four principal objectives: (1) a review and summary of LBMP problems to determine common problems and priority areas; (2) a survey of broadly defined environmental infrastructure to help identify national commitments and national capacities to prevent, reduce, or control LBMP; (3) a survey and analysis of subregional differences in commitment or interest in regional control of LBMP; and (4) a comparison of program approaches from other regions, providing lessons from which an effective program for the Caribbean might be designed. The study argues that the environmental, economic, and institutional diversity of the region as a whole suggests (1) an incremental approach to international resolution of LBMP problems, one that builds upon successful arangements among states that have appropriate incentives for solving real transboundary pollution problems; and (2) a subregional approach to the control of localized but widely occurring pollution problems, in which the "umbrella" function of a regional protocol would concentrate on the need to ensure uniform access to all clearinghouse products and on the internal allocation of financial and technical assistance to individual states and subregions.
    Description: Funding provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of International Activities under Co-operative Agreement No. CX82IS40-01-0.
    Keywords: Marine pollution ; International protocols ; UNP Regional Seas Programme
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Intitute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, series report.
    Description: The lack of infrastructure and treatment facilities for the large quantities of domestic sewage generated by expanding coastal urban populations, and an increasing number of visiting tourists, represents the greatest threat to public health, coastal habitats and economic development in each state of the region. Other priorities requiring action include the effects of siltation related to agricultural activity and the dumping of solid domestic waste in the coastal areas leading to the degradation of coastal habitats, with implications for fish stocks and catches. Furthermore, laws and policies regardinng waste disposal and quality of effluents need to be enacted and reinforced Although eutrophication and algal blooms associated with agricultural, industrial or domestic sewage pollution have been identified as a threat to coastal habitats, further scientific research is required to link the causes and effects. Monitoring programmes need to be initiated in the region in order to mitigate pollution. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of most countries in the region. In 1982, 90% of the population in the region depended on agriculture. With the exception of Mauritius, the physical effects of siltation resulting from agricultural activities are currently of greater concern throughout the region than agrochemical pollution. There is insufficient evidence to indicate whether pesticide pollution in the more intensively farmed coastal areas of the region poses a significant threat to potable water supplies, or to coastal habitats receiving elevated nutrients loads in agricultural run-off. The trend in increased use of both fertilisers and pesticides in intensive agricultural production is likely to lead to elevated concentrations of chemicals in agricultural runoff and ground waters. Overall, industrial development in the region remains relatively low. Industrial activities are focused at the ports and harbours of both the mainland and island states. The number and type of manufacturing industries have changed considerably since 1982. Few industries in the region have waste treatment plants and/or recycling facilities. Many industries empty effluents directly into creeks and rivers leading to the sea or directly to coastal waters. Furthermore, toxic wastes have recently started appearing among wastes disposed. There is a direct relationship between population growth and waste generation. In the case of most large urban centres the solid waste and sewerage facilities have remained the same while the population has increased leading to decline in percentage population served by the facilities. Only a small proportion of dwellings throughout many of the large urban centres of the mainland states are connected to a sewage system. Even then the sewage collected is often pumped directly into coastal waters without any treatment. Rapid urban population growth in the coastal towns have lead to rapid changes in land use patterns. Natural ecosystems are being disturbed or replaced by agricultural crops. The large coastal population is also putting pressure on the marine and coastal resources. Lack of infrastructure and treatment facilities for the large quantities of domestic sewage generated by expanding coastal urban populations, and an increasing number of visiting tourists, represent a great threat to public health, coastal habitats and economic development in the region. Although monitoring data are not available, there is a perceived link between domestic sewage and the occurrence of water borne diseases in most of the coastal townships in the region. There is an urgent need for monitoring of microbial contamination of ground waters in coastal areas of all states of the region. This paper provides an inventory of land-based activities and sources of marine pollution to the marine coastal and associated fresh water environment. It further oversees future developments and suggests priorities for action to mitigate the problems.
    Keywords: Marine pollution ; Freshwater pollution ; Sewage ; Freshwater environment ; Coastal environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Preprint
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The establishment of the IODE Group of Experts on Biological and Chemical Data Management and Exchange Practices (GEBCDMEP) was first discussed during the International Workshop on Oceanographic Biological and Chemical Data Management held in Hamburg, Germany, in May 1996. The idea was taken forward during the IODE XVI meeting in Lisbon, Portugal, 31 October-8 November 2000, where terms of reference were proposed; these were changed slightly during the first meeting of the group.
    Description: Supported by IOC/IODE
    Description: Paris, France, 3-7 March 2003
    Description: Published
    Description: Seventeenth Session
    Keywords: Chemical analysis ; Oceanography ; Biological data
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 4
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  • 32
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    UNESCO | Paris
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this manual a review is provided of the chemical and toxicological aspects of Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). The document contains information on chemical structure, chemical data, where to obtain standards and reference materials, the origin and occurrence, chemical analysis, mouse bioassay, epidemiology, mechanisms of action, symptoms and therapeutics. The practical use of this document has been highlighted in agreement with the Members of the Task Team on Aquatic Biotoxins. This document is prepared by Dr. H. Ravn, IOC together with Prof. T. Yasumoto, Tohoku University, Japan, Chairman of the Task Team on Aquatic Biotoxins. Dr. J. Ramsdell, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Charleston Laboratory, USA has supplied parts of the toxicological information, and the document has been kindly reviewed by Dr. M.A. Quilliam, National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Canada.
    Description: HAB Publication Series Volume 1.
    Description: Published
    Description: Amnesic shellfish poisons, Symptoms, Therapeutics
    Keywords: Fish intoxication ; Shellfish ; Fish diseases ; Epidemiology ; Poisonous organisms ; Fish diseases ; Shellfish ; Epidemiology ; Chemical analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 19
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Thirteen short papers address aspects of competitiveness in the marine electronics instrumentation industry. Topics include activity and status of government initiatives in Japan and Europe to promote this industry; and the possible role of federal-state collaboration in the U.S. Papers address technology transfer between research institutions and the commercial sector; the role of "strategic alliances" in this process; and the "dual-use" concept in effective technology development and commercialization. Other papers address electronic technology applications in speific marine areas, such as the use and implications of the COMSAT mobile satellite communication infrastructure; electronic charts and safety of tanker operations; and instrumentation applications in aquaculture and environmental monitoring.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through a grant to the Massachusetts Centers of Excellence Corporation, grant No. NA87-AA-D-M00037.
    Keywords: Marine electronics ; Marine instruments ; Competitiveness ; Commercialization ; Marine economics ; State economic initiatives ; Technology transfer ; R&D ; Japan ; Europe ; United States ; Massachusetts ; Hawaii ; Aquaculture ; Tanker safety
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 52-26, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: During the summer of 1950, The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution conducted a study of the waters of Great South Bay for the Town of Islip, New York, with a view to seeking the cause of the decline of the oyster industry, which has deteriorated steadily during the past twenty years. The report of these studies was submitted in January 1951. The survey revealed two conditions which in combination appeared to be unfavorable to the oyster industry. One unfavorable condition was the local change in circulation occasioned by the opening of Moriches Inlet in 1931, which had increased the salinity of Bellport Bay, creating a condition which might well be detrimental to the production of seed oysters. Aside from this, it was concluded that little change had taken place in the salinity and tidal exchange of the central and western part of the bay during the past twenty years. The second unfavorable condition was the pollution of Great South Bay by wastes from the duck farms located along the Carmans River and the tributaries of Moriches Bay. Chemical studies indicated that the bay water is unusually rich in the products of decomposing organic matter. These materials appeared to arise from the mouth of the Carmans River and the tributaries of Moriches Bay, from which they are carried westward across Great South Bay. They provide nutriment for the growth of an unusually dense population of microscopic plants. Evidence existed that oysters do not feed properly on water containing such large concentrations of plant cells, and available statistics showed a clear correlation over a period of years between the condition of bay oysters and the numbers of plant cells in the water. Finally, the decline in oyster production has been closely paralleled by the growth of the duck industry, which increased fourfold during the period. In the report on the survey of 1950, it was pointed out that a number of questions had been revealed which were not anticipated when the field work was in progress and that these questions merited additional study. One of these related to the behavior of uric acid, the peculiar form in which birds secrete nitrogenous wastes, which promised to provide unambiguous evidence on whether the duck farms are the source of pollution. Another was the more detailed study of the circulation of Moriches Bay and its connection with Great South Bay through Narrow Bay, since this appeared to be the principal avenue of the pollution of Great South Bay. Finally, more detailed information was desired concerning the actual quantities of pollutants arising from the duck farms and of the alterations of its components by biological and other action upon introduction into the bay water. Before these additional studies could be undertaken, the problem acquired a new aspect be cause of the spontaneous closure of Moriches Inlet which occurred on May 15, 1951. While this terminated any possibility of increasing knowledge of the circulation between the bays as it previously existed, it afforded an opportunity to observe the effect of the opening on the condition of the bay waters. This information was of prime importance in view of the proposal to reopen and stabilize Moriches Inlet. Field parties visited the region on three occasions during the sumer. On July 12-14, 1951, a survey was made of the entire system of bays lying between the western extremity of Great South Bay and the Shintecock Canal. Between July 27 and August 5, studies were made of the chemical conditions in Moriches Bay and its approaches, and a detailed examination was carried out on the immediate conditions associated with the duck farms along the Terrell River. On September 24-29, an attempt was made to measure the exchange of water and associated pollutants between Moriches Bay and Great South Bay, and through the Quantuck Canal. On this occasion continuous observations were made at Smith Point and Beach Lane Bridge for a period of fifty hours, including four complete tidal cycles.
    Description: The work conducted in 1951 was supported jointly by the appropriations made by the Towns of Brookhaven and Islip at the initiative of the Long Island Fishermen's Association.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Marine pollution
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 67-21
    Description: This supplement to Volume I of the Data File, Continental Margin, Atlantic Coast of the United States (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ref. No. 66-8) consists of three parts: 1. Errata for Volume I, 2. New station and sample data added to the file, and 3. Miscellaneous tables of information pertaining to the file. The user is referred to Volume I for explanation of the headings and abbreviations used and for a discussion of the structure of the file.
    Description: Submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract No. 14-08-0001-8358.
    Keywords: Continental margins ; Oceanography ; United States
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 37
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):835. doi: 10.1038/453835a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized/economics/*organization & administration ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research/*methods/*standards ; Research Personnel/economics/standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):9. doi: 10.1038/453009a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18461710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; Genetic Privacy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetics, Medical/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genomics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Humans ; Individuality ; *Prejudice ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 39
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1035. doi: 10.1038/4511035a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized/economics/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/*organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research/*methods/trends ; Research Personnel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):6-7. doi: 10.1038/452006a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Celecoxib ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Drug Industry ; Humans ; *Isoxazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Peer Review, Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Periodicals as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pyrazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; *Sulfonamides/adverse effects/pharmacology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 41
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):282. doi: 10.1038/456282a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Stem Cells/cytology ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):2. doi: 10.1038/456002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Food, Genetically Modified/standards ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smaglik, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):818-20. doi: 10.1038/nj7196-818a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18623624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration/trends ; Alabama ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Biotechnology/*manpower/*organization & administration/trends ; Employment/trends ; Entrepreneurship/trends ; Humans ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*trends ; Universities/manpower
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 44
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-31
    Description: An experiment by the Gates Foundation is food for thought for other research agencies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1150. doi: 10.1038/4551150a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; Creativity ; Foundations/*economics ; Humans ; Investments ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; *Risk-Taking ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-31
    Description: The values of scientific enquiry, rather than any particular policy positions on science, suggest a preference for one US presidential candidate over the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1149. doi: 10.1038/4551149a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; *Politics ; *Science/standards ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):848. doi: 10.1038/455848a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Luminescence ; Mice ; *Nobel Prize ; *Research Personnel ; Swine ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maher, Brendan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):828-9. doi: 10.1038/453828a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Oocyte Donation/*economics/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & ; numerical data ; Ovum/cytology ; *Research Embryo Creation/economics/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *State Government ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtland, Rachel -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):432-3. doi: 10.1038/453432a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Ice Cover ; Internationality ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; United States ; Ursidae/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtland, Rachel -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):508. doi: 10.1038/451508a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Law Enforcement ; New York City ; Police/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Department of Homeland Security/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):565-6. doi: 10.1038/455565b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics/*organization & ; administration/*trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):583-5. doi: 10.1038/455583a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afghanistan ; Anthropology ; Iraq ; Military Science/*methods ; Social Sciences/*trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):565. doi: 10.1038/455565a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/*trends ; Economics/*trends ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Technology/economics/*trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):16. doi: 10.1038/456016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Science/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):431. doi: 10.1038/455431a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; *Politics ; Religion and Science ; Research Support as Topic ; Science/*economics/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):390-3. doi: 10.1038/451390a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bionics/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internet ; Research/history/*trends ; Robotics/trends ; Security Measures/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Technology/history/*trends ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/history/organization & ; administration/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):273. doi: 10.1038/455273b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; *Creativity ; *Federal Government ; Leadership ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):453. doi: 10.1038/455453a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Confidentiality ; *Federal Government ; Science/*organization & administration/trends ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 4;455(7209):15. doi: 10.1038/455015a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉House Committee on Science. partyofone@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring/economics ; *Federal Government ; *Politics ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):680. doi: 10.1038/454680a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉House Committee on Science. partyofonecolumn@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18685673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/*legislation & jurisprudence/*trends ; *Federal Government ; *Politics ; Research Support as Topic/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Science/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):16. doi: 10.1038/454016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University's Center for the Environment, USA. partyofonecolumn@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Federal Government ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Lobbying ; Oceans and Seas ; Policy Making ; Seawater/*chemistry ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):838. doi: 10.1038/453838a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University's Center for the Environment, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Technology Transfer ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spinney, Laura -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):442-4. doi: 10.1038/453442a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crime/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Criminal Law/*methods/standards ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Police ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Research ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):519. doi: 10.1038/452519a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University's Center for the Environment. partyofonecolumn@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/analysis/*legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Ozone/analysis/toxicity ; Plants/drug effects ; Smog/analysis/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenner, Melinda -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):271-3. doi: 10.1038/453271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Caspases/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Kenya ; Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):621. doi: 10.1038/451621a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/trends ; *Federal Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Persuasive Communication ; *Politics ; *Science/economics ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):387. doi: 10.1038/451387a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets/trends ; *Federal Government ; Lobbying ; Politics ; Research/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1029. doi: 10.1038/4541029a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Ecology/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Ecosystem ; *Federal Government ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):917. doi: 10.1038/454917a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Forensic Sciences/*standards ; Law Enforcement/*ethics ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):269. doi: 10.1038/455269b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Internationality ; Japan ; Mice ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Time Factors ; United States ; Universities
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):962-3. doi: 10.1038/453962a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Japan ; Mice ; *Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maseland, Robbert -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):167. doi: 10.1038/455167c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; Creativity ; Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Internationality ; Science/history/*standards/trends ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blobel, Gunter -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):52. doi: 10.1038/456052a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gunter Blobel is at the Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA. blobel@mail.rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; History, 20th Century ; Microscopy, Electron/history ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Romania ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blumberg, Baruch S -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):422. doi: 10.1038/452422a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baruch S. Blumberg is at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-2497, USA.baruch.blumberg@fccc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Exobiology/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Nobel Prize ; Plasmids/genetics/history ; Transduction, Genetic/history ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):381. doi: 10.1038/454381e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):368. doi: 10.1038/454368a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environmental Monitoring ; *Federal Government ; *Greenhouse Effect ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):146-7. doi: 10.1038/456146a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Policy Making ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):138. doi: 10.1038/454138a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afghanistan ; Culture ; Iraq ; Military Personnel/education ; Military Science/*methods ; *Social Sciences ; United States ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):858-60. doi: 10.1038/455858a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; Humans ; *Indians, North American/education ; Paleontology/education/*legislation & jurisprudence/manpower ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):442-5. doi: 10.1038/455442a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Research ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Science/economics/*organization & administration/trends ; Space Flight/trends ; Stem Cells ; Technology/economics/*organization & administration/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):875. doi: 10.1038/451875a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; Lobbying ; *Research Personnel ; Science/*organization & administration ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):146. doi: 10.1038/452146a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/*economics ; Consultants/statistics & numerical data ; *Faculty ; Human Growth Hormone/economics ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; Research Personnel/economics ; *Technology Transfer ; United States ; Universities/*economics/manpower
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redner, Sid -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):47-8. doi: 10.1038/453047a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Friends ; Internet ; *Models, Biological ; *Probability ; Protein Binding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Schools ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Social Behavior ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):806-8. doi: 10.1038/452806a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18431826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Animals ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Diet/history ; Dwarfism ; *Fossils ; *Geography ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; *Motion Pictures as Topic ; Palau ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):510. doi: 10.1038/451510a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alligators and Crocodiles/classification ; Animals ; *Classification ; Dinosaurs/classification ; *Fossils ; Museums ; Paleontology/ethics/*standards ; Poland ; Reptiles/*classification ; *Scientific Misconduct ; *Terminology as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dance, Amber -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):928. doi: 10.1038/454928a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bacillus anthracis/classification/genetics ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Forensic Sciences/methods/standards ; Humans ; Peer Review ; *Publishing ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):837. doi: 10.1038/453837c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Boston ; Containment of Biohazards/*standards ; Laboratories/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Risk Assessment ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dance, Amber -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):672. doi: 10.1038/454672a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18685659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax/prevention & control ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Research Personnel/psychology/standards ; Security Measures/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):697. doi: 10.1038/453697a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genome, Human ; Genomics/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/history/*organization & ; administration/trends ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swazey, Judith P -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):575; author reply 575. doi: 10.1038/454575a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection/*methods ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Design ; Scientific Misconduct/*statistics & numerical data ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):697-8. doi: 10.1038/453697b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Nuclear Weapons/legislation & jurisprudence ; Science/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klagsbrun, Michael -- Moses, Marsha A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):781. doi: 10.1038/451781a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. michael.klagsbrun@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18273010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Awards and Prizes ; Biomarkers ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*blood supply/drug therapy ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):427-8. doi: 10.1038/453427b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Developing Countries ; *Helsinki Declaration ; Humans ; Infant ; International Cooperation ; Placebos ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):258. doi: 10.1038/453258a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Environmental Monitoring/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fertilizers/*adverse effects/toxicity ; Humans ; Sewage/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robbins, Anthony -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):281. doi: 10.1038/453281b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Great Britain ; *Health Education/history ; *Health Policy/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage/history ; *Public Opinion ; United States ; Vaccination/contraindications/history/*utilization
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brooks, Ian M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1049. doi: 10.1038/4541049a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Research Personnel/education/*statistics & numerical data ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haigwood, Nancy -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1039. doi: 10.1038/4541039a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Postal Service ; Research Personnel/*psychology ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):133-4. doi: 10.1038/453133b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Competitive Behavior ; Engineering/economics/standards ; *Federal Government ; Physics/economics/standards ; Research/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):290. doi: 10.1038/454290a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Andrew Brown is a writer on science and religion. laptop@thewormbook.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bahamas ; Fund Raising/*history ; History, 20th Century ; *Religion and Science ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers Hollingsworth, J -- Muller, Karl H -- Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):412-3. doi: 10.1038/454412a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wisconsin (Madison), 455 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. hollingsjr@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Europe ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Science/economics/*history/standards/*trends ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):666. doi: 10.1038/452666a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Testing/economics/standards/*trends ; Humans ; Internationality ; Registries ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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