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  • Ultrastructure  (410)
  • pharmacokinetics  (182)
  • Atmosphere-ocean system
  • Salinity
  • Springer  (600)
  • American Meteorological Society  (2)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (2)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2005-2009  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (600)
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  • 1
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    Using Temperature–Salinity Relations in a Global Ocean Implementation of a Multivariate Data Assimilation Scheme (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Beschreibung: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3785-3807
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    The Role of the Land Surface Background State in Climate Predictability (2005)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Skill in ensemble-mean dynamical seasonal climate hindcasts with a coupled land-atmosphere model and specified observed sea surface temperature is compared to that for long multi-decade integrations of the same model where the initial conditions are far removed from the seasons of validation. The evaluations are performed for surface temperature and compared among all seasons. Skill is found to be higher in the seasonal simulations than the multi-decadal integrations except during boreal winter. The higher skill is prominent even beyond the first month when the direct influence of the atmospheric initial state elevates model skill. Skill is generally found to be lowest during the winter season for the dynamical seasonal forecasts, equal to that of the long integrations, which show some of the highest skill during winter. The reason for the differences in skill during the non-winter months is attributed to the severe climate drift in the long simulations, manifest through errors in downward fluxes of water and energy over land and evident in soil wetness. The drift presses the land surface to extreme dry or wet states over much of the globe, into a range where there is little sensitivity of evaporation to fluctuations in soil moisture. Thus, the land-atmosphere feedback is suppressed, which appears to lessen the model’s ability to respond correctly over land to remote ocean temperature anomalies.
    Beschreibung: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere-ocean system
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 503454 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    W.H.O.I./Brown CTD microprofiler : methods of calibration and data handling (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This report describes calibration techniques developed over the past three years for the WHOI/Brown CTD in the Moored Array Program. Comparison is made with classical methods of hydrography for stations obtained in the MODE-1 density program. Methods for temperature lag correction and conversion of conductivity to salinity are given.
    Beschreibung: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C0262; NR 083-004.
    Schlagwort(e): CTD ; Calibration ; Salinity
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 3977131 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Oceanographic data from the R.R.S. Discovery II. : International Geophysical Year cruise 3, 1958 (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Originally issued as Reference No. 59-54
    Beschreibung: In August and September 1958 a number of oceanographic sections were made in the R.R.S. DISCOVERY II, Captain James Gray, under the scientific leadership of H. F. P. Herdman. These sections comprise part of a joint program undertaken by the National Institute of Oceanography and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the International Geophysical Year.
    Beschreibung: The United States participation in this program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr 2196(00) with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Schlagwort(e): Discovery II (Ship) International Geophysical Year Cruise 3 ; Ocean temperature ; Echo sounding ; Chemical oceanography ; Salinity
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coquille de l'oeuf de caille: Étude ultrastructurale et cristallographique (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 145-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bird egg shell ; Ultrastructure ; Calcification ; Electron diffraction ; Microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The egg-shell of Japanese quail was studied by several techniques. Semithin sections (1μm thick) of non-decalcified shell were observed by normal and polarized light microscopy. Thin sections of non-decalcified shell, examined by transmission electron microscopy, permitted us to observe the forms and dimensions of crystals of calcite within different layers of the shell: mammilary layer, layer of cones, palissade layer and surface crystal layer. There appears to be two distinct zones in the layer of cones as well as in the superficial crystal layer. Electron microdiffraction revealed the orientation of calcite crystals in the columns. Some crystal defects (twins?) were described and the possibility of their artefactual formation during ultramicrotomy is discussed. Localization of Ca, Mg, P and S were made by X-ray microanalysis of semithin sections. This technique shows that shell membranes, and chiefly the true cuticle, are also mineralized but, in these layers, minerals are not crystallized. Otherwise the distribution of Mg is not uniform throughout the shell thickness; it is less concentrated in the external zone of the layer of cones. These results together with observation of developing shells by scanning electron microscopy allowed us to propose a scheme for shell organization of the quail egg. This organization was related with decalcification which occurs during hatching.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010763
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and microanalytical aspects of developing osteodentin in rat incisors (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Mineralization ; Osteodentin ; Intracellular ; Ultrastructure ; Microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Newly formed osteodentin obtained from the anterior extremities of fetal or young rat incisors was observed by means of electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Cells related to osteodentin formation frequently showed membrane bound intracellular bodies containing varying amounts of fine, needle-shaped crystals, which were identified as apatite. The intracellular clusters of apatite crystals were extruded from the cells through membrane fusion or cellular degeneration. These extracellular clusters seemed to be gradually incorporated into the mineralizing collagenous matrix, which developed around them. Frequent occurrence of dense, dotshaped or filamentous profiles suggested that the dense bodies seen in the perinuclear regions or in the Golgi area were the sites of crystal formation. Energy dispersive X-ray point analysis showed that the intracellular or extracellular apatite clusters contained sulfur in a concentration higher than was present in the mineralizing collagenous matrix. Furthermore, wave dispersive X-ray line analysis showed that the concentration of sulfur was higher in the osteodentin matrix than in the dentin matrix. The sulfur detected is presumed to be contained in acid mucopolysaccharides, which were distributed more heavily in the osteodentin matrix than in the dentin matrix. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that the unique chemical and structural characteristics of the osteodentin result primarily from the incorporation of apatite clusters of intracellular origin and associated acid mucopolysaccharides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223319
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on the biology of fish bone. III. Ultrastructure of osteogenesis and resorption in osteocytic (cellular) and anosteocytic (acellular) bones (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone resorption ; Osteogenesis ; Fish bone ; Osteocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The comparative ultrastructure of fish bone osteogenesis and resorption induced by scale removal was described in the osteocytic (cellular-boned)Carassius auratus and the anosteocytic (acellular-boned)Tilapia macrocephala. Osteocytes, present in osteocytic bone, were lacking in anosteocytic bone. In osteocytic bone the osteoblast secreted a collagenous preosseous matrix in which it became enmeshed and then was termed a preosteocyte. When the preosseous matrix mineralized, the preosteocyte was termed an osteocyte and was completely surrounded by bone. In anosteocytic bone the osteoblasts receded from the mineralizing front and never became trapped as osteocytes. During resorption, types A and B resorptive cells, present in both bone types, invaded the matrix and demineralized the osseous zone. These cells were characterized by large amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular inclusions containing crystal-like material. Although functionally similar to mammalian osteoclasts, these cells lacked a characteristic ruffled border and were not multinucleated. The osteocytes of cellular bone did not appear to be involved during demineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441217
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ultrastructure of the zygospore in Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemann (1976)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 59 (1976), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Zygospore ; Mycorrhizal fungus ; Flaming crown
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The ultrastructural organization of the spores of the sporocarp of Endogone flammicorona was studied. Two types of organization are described. Initially the spore possessed a vacuolate protoplasm and was bound by two cell wall layers. The spore was surrounded by a hyphal mantle formed of a sheet of vacuolized hyphae with uniformly thin walls. Secondly, although the ultrastructural features of the spore appeared the same, it was now surrounded by a hyphal mantle with unevenly thickened walls (i. e., the so-called flaming crown) due to the gradual and irregular deposition of granules and lamellae. This crown gives the spore its most commonly observed morphological feature and is the preminent character employed taxonomically to speciate Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemann.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493564
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Étude en microscopie électronique et par cytophotométrie à balayage de la structure et de la distribution de la chromatine dans les noyaux des cellules cartilagineuses deTriturus cristatus âgés au cours de la régénération (1978)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 184 (1978), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Scanning cytophotometry ; Chromatin ; Chondrocytes ; Regeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les cellules cartilagineuses des membres postérieurs deTriturus cristatus en régénération après amputation, ont été étudiées en microscopie électronique et par cytophotométrie à balayage. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la structure et à la distribution de la chromatine mais aussi à différents organites cytoplasmiques. Dans l'étude de cytophotométrie à balayage, la chromatine a été considérée à travers son constituant majeur, l'ADN, coloré par la réaction de Feulgen. Au cours de la régénération du membre, l'hétérochromatine initialement condensée, essentiellement accolée à la membrane nucléaire se décondense. Les vacuoles du cytoplasme, caractéristiques des animaux âgés par rapport aux animaux jeunes, disparaissent, les mitochondries et le reticulum endoplasmique rugueux deviennent plus abondants. Les caractéristiques nucléaires de l'activation cellulaire apparaissent précocement, précédent les modifications cytoplasmiques et conduisent à des cellules en tous points identiques aux cellules d'animaux jeunes en dehors de tout processus régénératif. Cette phase d'euchromatisation et de restructuration cytoplasmique est peut-être nécessaire à l'accroissement d'activité métabolique et à la division cellulaire qui suivent. Son déroulement peut expliquer tout au moins le ralentissement de la régénération observé chez les animaux âgés par rapport aux animaux jeunes.
    Notizen: Summary Cartilaginous cells of aged newts (Triturus cristatus) were studied during hind limb regeneration. The electron microscope was used to study the structure and distribution of chromatin in the cell nuclei, while the DNA content of the chromatin was measured by means of a scanning cytophotometer. Changes in the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm during regeneration were also studied. It was observed that the structure and distribution of chromatin in the activated cell is greatly modified. In the non-activated cell of the aged newt, the chromatin is found highly condensed and distributed peripherally close to the nuclear membrane. In contrast, in the activated cells, the chromatin is much less condensed and is distributed throughout the nucleus. Moreover, cytoplasmic vacuoles, found only in the non-activated aged cells, disappear and an increase in the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum is also observed. Changes in the nuclear structure are observed prior to the cytoplasmic modifications. It is interesting to note that the process of activation induces structural changes in the aged cells which make these cells appear to be structurally identical to the young cells. This process of rejuvenation takes 3–5 days in the newt. We suggest that these structural changes of the chromatin and cytoplasm in the aged cells are necessary to increase the metabolic activity which precedes cell division. It may also explain why regeneration takes a longer time in the aged animals than in the young ones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848254
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cytoplasmic architecture of the egg cell ofSmittia spec. (Diptera, Chironomidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 183 (1977), S. 233-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Cytoplasmic architecture ; Ultrastructure ; Insect egg ; Pattern formation ; Yolk ; Cytoplasma-Architektur ; Ultrastruktur ; Insekten-Ei ; Musterbildung ; Dotter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Ei der ZuckmückeSmittia spec. wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt den Bau des Periplasmas und des Dotter-Endoplasma-Systems vor Bildung der Polzellen. 2. Das Periplasma, nach außen vom Oolemm und einer mehrschichtigen Eihülle begrenzt, besteht aus einer ribosomenreichen cytoplasmatischen Matrix, in die vor allem Mitochondrien und ER-Zisternen, wenig annulate lamellae und gelegentlich Golgi-Apparate eingelagert sind. Mikrotubuli wurden nur selten nachgewiesen. Öfters sind Anhäufungen einer dichten granulierten Substanz zu beobachten, die in ihrer Struktur dem Oosom-Material ähnelt. 3. Das Dotter-Endoplasma-System stellt ein Netzwerk aus Cytoplasma dar, in das Proteid-Dotterkugeln, Lipidtröpfchen sowie Glycogen-Anhäufungen eingelagert sind. Das Endoplasma, das sich zu 3–7 Plasma-Inseln erweitern kann und unmittelbar in das Periplasma übergeht, besteht wie dieses aus einer cytoplasmatischen Matrix und enthält die gleichen Zellelemente wie das Periplasma. Rosettenförmige Membran-Strukturen werden als “nuclear envelope organizing center” gedeutet. 4. Drei der sorgfältig analysierten Eier enthielten je 2 Kerne; sie lagen in Plasma-Inseln in der hinteren Eihälfte. 5. Sowohl im Periplasma wie im Dotter-Endoplasma-System sind alle Zellelemente unregelmäßig verteilt. Eine besondere Anordnung oder Zonierung ist nicht zu erkennen. 6. Die räumliche Verteilung der erfaßten Eikomponenten liefert keine Hinweise auf eine Funktion dieser Komponenten als Determinanten für die embryonale Musterbildung.
    Notizen: Summary 1. Eggs of the midgeSmittia were investigated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This paper describes elements and architecture of periplasm and yolk endoplasm before the formation of pole cells. 2. The periplasm is coated externally by the oolemma and a multilayered egg shell. The periplasm consists of a cytoplasmic matrix rich in ribosomes; it contains mitochondria and ER cisternae, some annulate lamellae and an occasional Golgi complex. Microtubuli were demonstrated only rarely. Accumulations of a dense granulated substance resembling in its structure the oosome material were frequently observed. 3. The yolk endoplasm is a cytoplasmic network embodying proteid yolk particles, lipid droplets and accumulations of glycogen. The endoplasm is continuous with the periplasm and shows the same cell constituents. It may form between 3 and 7 cytoplasmic islands free of yolk particles. Rosette-shaped membranous structures in the yolk endoplasm are interpreted as nuclear envelope organizing centres. 4. Three carefully analysed eggs contained 2 nuclei each. both nuclei were situated in the posterior egg half. 5. Periplasm and yolk endoplasm are characterized by random distribution of cell elements. No zonation or special accumulations could be recognized. 6. The spatial distribution of the egg components studied did not indicate that any of these components could function as a determinant in embryonic pattern formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867324
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