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  • 1
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    Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The characteristics of eight global soil wetness products, three produced by land surface model calculations, three from coupled land-atmosphere model reanalyses, and two from microwave remote sensing estimates, have been examined. The goal of this study is to determine whether there exists an optimal data set for the initialization of the land surface component of global weather and climate forecast models. We validate their abilities to simulate the phasing of the annual cycle and to accurately represent interannual variability in soil wetness by comparing to available in situ measurements. Because soil wetness climatologies vary greatly among land surface models, and models have different operating ranges for soil wetness (i.e., very different mean values, variances, and hydrologically critical thresholds such as the point where evaporation occurs at the potential rate or where surface runoff begins), one cannot simply take the soil wetness field from one product and apply it to an arbitrary LSS as an initial condition without experiencing some sort of initialization shock. We propose a means of renormalizing soil wetness based on the local statistical properties of this field in the source and target models, to allow a large number of climate models to apply the same initialization in multi-model studies or inter-comparisons. As a test of feasibility, we apply renormalization among the modelderived products to see how it alters the character of the soil wetness climatologies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Soil atmosphere ; Terrestrial atmosphere
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 2720729 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Skill in ensemble-mean dynamical seasonal climate hindcasts with a coupled land-atmosphere model and specified observed sea surface temperature is compared to that for long multi-decade integrations of the same model where the initial conditions are far removed from the seasons of validation. The evaluations are performed for surface temperature and compared among all seasons. Skill is found to be higher in the seasonal simulations than the multi-decadal integrations except during boreal winter. The higher skill is prominent even beyond the first month when the direct influence of the atmospheric initial state elevates model skill. Skill is generally found to be lowest during the winter season for the dynamical seasonal forecasts, equal to that of the long integrations, which show some of the highest skill during winter. The reason for the differences in skill during the non-winter months is attributed to the severe climate drift in the long simulations, manifest through errors in downward fluxes of water and energy over land and evident in soil wetness. The drift presses the land surface to extreme dry or wet states over much of the globe, into a range where there is little sensitivity of evaporation to fluctuations in soil moisture. Thus, the land-atmosphere feedback is suppressed, which appears to lessen the model’s ability to respond correctly over land to remote ocean temperature anomalies.
    Description: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Atmosphere-ocean system
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 503454 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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