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  • Articles  (49,054)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (43,086)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1980-1984  (49,045)
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  • 1
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    Empirical H/V spectral ratios estimated in two deep sedimentary basins using microseisms recorded by short-period seismometers (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: In this work, we analyse continuous measurements of microseisms to assess the reliability of the fundamental resonance frequency estimated by means of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio within the 0.1–1 Hz frequency range, using short-period sensors (natural period of 1 s). We apply the H/V technique to recordings of stations installed in two alluvial basins with different sedimentary cover thicknesses—the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany) and the Gubbio Plain (Central Italy). The spectral ratios are estimated over the time–frequency domain, and we discuss the reliability of the results considering both the variability of the microseism activity and the amplitude of the instrumental noise. We show that microseisms measured by short period sensors allow the retrieval of fundamental resonance frequencies greater than about 0.1–0.2 Hz, with this lower frequency bound depending on the relative amplitude of themicroseism signal and the self-noise of the instruments. In particular,we show an examplewhere the considered short-period sensor is connected to instruments characterized by an instrumental noise level which allows detecting only fundamental frequencies greater than about 0.4 Hz. Since the frequency at which the peak of the H/V spectral ratio is biased depends upon the seismic signal-to-instrument noise ratio, the power spectral amplitude of instrumental self-noise should be always considered when interpreting the frequency of the peak as the fundamental resonance frequency of the investigated site.
    Description: Published
    Description: 175-184
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: site effects ; fourier analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Gas hazard assessment at the Monticchio Mt. Vulture, a volcano in Southern Italy (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geochemical investigations have shown that there is a considerable inflow of gas into both crater lakes of Monticchio, Southern Italy. These lakes are located in two maars that formed 140 000 years ago during Mt. Vulture volcano s last eruptive activity. Isotopic analyses suggest that CO2 and helium are of magmatic origin; the latter displays 3He ⁄ 4He isotope ratios similar to those measured in olivines of the maar ejecta. In spite of the fact that the amount of dissolved gases in the water is less than that found in Lake Nyos (Cameroon), both the results obtained and the historical reports studied indicate that these crater lakes could be highly hazardous sites, even though they are located in a region currently considered inactive. This could be of special significance in very popular tourist areas such as the Monticchio lakes, which are visited by about 30 000 people throughout the summer, for the most part on Sundays.
    Description: Published
    Description: 83-87
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic gases ; gas hazard ; crater lakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Seismic moment tensors of the April 2009, L’Aquila (Central Italy), (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 2009 April 6, the Central Apennines were hit by an Mw = 6.3 earthquake. The region had been shaken since 2008 October by seismic activity that culminated in two foreshocks with Mw 〉 4, 1 week and a few hours before the main shock. We computed seismic moment tensors for 26 events with Mw between 3.9 and 6.3, using the Regional Centroid Moment Tensor (RCMT) scheme. Most of these source parameters have been computed within 1 hr after the earthquake and rapidly revised successively. The focal mechanisms are all extensional, with a variable and sometimes significant strike-slip component. This geometry agrees with the NE–SW extensional deformation of the Apennines, known from previous seismic and geodetic observations. Events group into three clusters. Those located in the southern area have larger centroid depths and a wider distribution of T-axis directions. These differences suggest that towards south a different fault systemwas activated with respect to the SW-dipping normal faults beneath L’Aquila and more to the north.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: moment tensor ; seismotectonics ; L'Aquila ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    The Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: source, path and site effects from spectral analysis of strong motion data (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The strong motion data of 2009 April 6 L’Aquila (Central Italy) earthquake (Mw = 6.3) and of 12 aftershocks (4.1 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.6) recorded by 56 stations of the Italian strong motion network are spectrally analysed to estimate the source parameters, the seismic attenuation, and the site amplification effects. The obtained source spectra for S wave have stress drop values ranging from 2.4 to 16.8 MPa, being the stress drop of the main shock equal to 9.2 MPa. The spectral curves describing the attenuation with distance show the presence of shoulders and bumps, mainly around 50 and 150 km, as consequence of significant reflected and refracted arrivals from crustal interfaces. The attenuation in the first 50 km is well described by a quality factor equal to Q( f ) = 59 f 0.56 obtained by fixing the geometrical spreading exponent to 1. Finally, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio provides unreliable estimates of local site effects for those stations showing large amplifications over the vertical component of motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1573–1579
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Generalized inversion ; strong-motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Evaluating support for the current classification of eukaryotic diversity (2007)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2006 Parfrey et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Genetics 2 (2006): e220, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220.
    Description: Perspectives on the classification of eukaryotic diversity have changed rapidly in recent years, as the four eukaryotic groups within the five-kingdom classification—plants, animals, fungi, and protists—have been transformed through numerous permutations into the current system of six ‘‘supergroups.’’ The intent of the supergroup classification system is to unite microbial and macroscopic eukaryotes based on phylogenetic inference. This supergroup approach is increasing in popularity in the literature and is appearing in introductory biology textbooks. We evaluate the stability and support for the current six-supergroup classification of eukaryotes based on molecular genealogies. We assess three aspects of each supergroup: (1) the stability of its taxonomy, (2) the support for monophyly (single evolutionary origin) in molecular analyses targeting a supergroup, and (3) the support for monophyly when a supergroup is included as an out-group in phylogenetic studies targeting other taxa. Our analysis demonstrates that supergroup taxonomies are unstable and that support for groups varies tremendously, indicating that the current classification scheme of eukaryotes is likely premature. We highlight several trends contributing to the instability and discuss the requirements for establishing robust clades within the eukaryotic tree of life.
    Description: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life grant (043115) to DB, DJP, and LAK.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    The genome of deep-sea vent chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 (2007)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain dedication. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 4 (2006): e383, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040383.
    Description: Presented here is the complete genome sequence of Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, representative of ubiquitous chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gammaproteobacterium has a single chromosome (2,427,734 base pairs), and its genome illustrates many of the adaptations that have enabled it to thrive at vents globally. It has 14 methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein genes, including four that may assist in positioning it in the redoxcline. A relative abundance of coding sequences (CDSs) encoding regulatory proteins likely control the expression of genes encoding carboxysomes, multiple dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate transporters, as well as a phosphonate operon, which provide this species with a variety of options for acquiring these substrates from the environment. Thiom. crunogena XCL-2 is unusual among obligate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in relying on the Sox system for the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds. The genome has characteristics consistent with an obligately chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, including few transporters predicted to have organic allocrits, and Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle CDSs scattered throughout the genome.
    Description: This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, under contract W-7405-ENG-48. Genome closure was funded in part by a University of South Florida Innovative Teaching Grant (to KMS). KMS, SKF, and CAK gratefully acknowledge support from the United States Department of Agriculture Higher Education Challenge Grants Program (Award # 20053841115876). SMS kindly acknowledges support through a fellowship received from the Hanse Wissenschaftskolleg in Delmenhorst, Germany (http://www.h-w-k.de). MH was supported by a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution postdoctoral scholarship.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    The tripartite associations between bacteriophage, Wolbachia, and arthropods (2006)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2006 Bordenstein et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Pathogens 2(2006): e43, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020043.
    Description: By manipulating arthropod reproduction worldwide, the heritable endosymbiont Wolbachia has spread to pandemic levels. Little is known about the microbial basis of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) except that bacterial densities and percentages of infected sperm cysts associate with incompatibility strength. The recent discovery of a temperate bacteriophage (WO-B) of Wolbachia containing ankyrin-encoding genes and virulence factors has led to intensifying debate that bacteriophage WO-B induces CI. However, current hypotheses have not considered the separate roles that lytic and lysogenic phage might have on bacterial fitness and phenotype. Here we describe a set of quantitative approaches to characterize phage densities and its associations with bacterial densities and CI. We enumerated genome copy number of phage WO-B and Wolbachia and CI penetrance in supergroup A- and B-infected males of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. We report several findings: (1) variability in CI strength for A-infected males is positively associated with bacterial densities, as expected under the bacterial density model of CI, (2) phage and bacterial densities have a significant inverse association, as expected for an active lytic infection, and (3) CI strength and phage densities are inversely related in A-infected males; similarly, males expressing incomplete CI have significantly higher phage densities than males expressing complete CI. Ultrastructural analyses indicate that approximately 12% of the A Wolbachia have phage particles, and aggregations of these particles can putatively occur outside the Wolbachia cell. Physical interactions were observed between approximately 16% of the Wolbachia cells and spermatid tails. The results support a low to moderate frequency of lytic development in Wolbachia and an overall negative density relationship between bacteriophage and Wolbachia. The findings motivate a novel phage density model of CI in which lytic phage repress Wolbachia densities and therefore reproductive parasitism. We conclude that phage, Wolbachia, and arthropods form a tripartite symbiotic association in which all three are integral to understanding the biology of this widespread endosymbiosis. Clarifying the roles of lytic and lysogenic phage development in Wolbachia biology will effectively structure inquiries into this research topic.
    Description: This work was supported by grants from the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA04CC04A) and National Institutes of Health (R01 GM62626-01) to JJW, and by the Marine Biological Laboratory's Program in Global Infectious Diseases, funded by the Ellison Medical Foundation, to SRB.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Three Prochlorococcus cyanophage genomes : signature features and ecological interpretations (2005)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2005 Sullivan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 3 (2005): e144, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030144.
    Description: The oceanic cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus are globally important, ecologically diverse primary producers. It is thought that their viruses (phages) mediate population sizes and affect the evolutionary trajectories of their hosts. Here we present an analysis of genomes from three Prochlorococcus phages: a podovirus and two myoviruses. The morphology, overall genome features, and gene content of these phages suggest that they are quite similar to T7-like (P-SSP7) and T4-like (P-SSM2 and P-SSM4) phages. Using the existing phage taxonomic framework as a guideline, we examined genome sequences to establish ‘‘core’’ genes for each phage group. We found the podovirus contained 15 of 26 core T7-like genes and the two myoviruses contained 43 and 42 of 75 core T4-like genes. In addition to these core genes, each genome contains a significant number of ‘‘cyanobacterial’’ genes, i.e., genes with significant best BLAST hits to genes found in cyanobacteria. Some of these, we speculate, represent ‘‘signature’’ cyanophage genes. For example, all three phage genomes contain photosynthetic genes (psbA, hliP) that are thought to help maintain host photosynthetic activity during infection, as well as an aldolase family gene (talC) that could facilitate alternative routes of carbon metabolism during infection. The podovirus genome also contains an integrase gene (int) and other features that suggest it is capable of integrating into its host. If indeed it is, this would be unprecedented among cultured T7-like phages or marine cyanophages and would have significant evolutionary and ecological implications for phage and host. Further, both myoviruses contain phosphate-inducible genes (phoH and pstS) that are likely to be important for phage and host responses to phosphate stress, a commonly limiting nutrient in marine systems. Thus, these marine cyanophages appear to be variations of two well-known phages—T7 and T4—but contain genes that, if functional, reflect adaptations for infection of photosynthetic hosts in low-nutrient oceanic environments.
    Description: This research was supported by the US DOE under grant numbers DEFG02– 99ER62814 and DE-FG02–02ER63445, and the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-9820035 (to SWC).
    Keywords: Oceanic cyanobacteria ; Prochlorococcus phages
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Endosymbiosis : lessons in conflict resolution (2005)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2004 Jennifer J. Wernegreen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 2 (2004): e68, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020068.
    Description: Symbiosis, an interdependent relationship between two species, is an important driver of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversity. Microbial symbionts in particular have been major evolutionary catalysts throughout the 4 billion years of life on earth and have largely shaped the evolution of complex organisms. Endosymbiosis is a specifi c type of symbiosis in which one—typically microbial—partner lives within its host and represents the most intimate contact between interacting organisms. Mitochondria and chloroplasts, for example, result from endosymbiotic events of lasting significance that extended the range of acceptable habitats for life. The wide distribution of intracellular bacteria across diverse hosts and marine and terrestrial habitats testifies to the continued importance of endosymbiosis in evolution. Among multicellular organisms, insects as a group form exceptionally diverse associations with microbial associates, including bacteria that live exclusively within host cells and undergo maternal transmission to offspring. These microbes have piqued the interest of evolutionary biologists because they represent a wide spectrum of evolutionary strategies, ranging from obligate mutualism to reproductive parasitism (Buchner 1965; Ishikawa 2003) (Box 1; Table 1).
    Description: JJW gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Institutes of Health (R01 GM62626-01), the National Science Foundation (DEB 0089455), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute (NNA04CC04A), and the Josephine Bay Paul and C. Michael Paul Foundation.
    Keywords: Endosymbiosis ; Endosymbiosis manipulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenvalue filtering in the refinement of crystal and orientation parameters for oscillation photography (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Selective application of only parameter shifts with large eigenvalues permits singular or near-singular least-squares problems to be solved. This `eigenvalue filtering' process has been applied to the refinement of the unit-cell, crystal-orientation and reflecting-range parameters needed to process oscillation films. Eigenvalue filtering permits automatic identification and determination of just those combinations of parameters that are most relevant for processing films from a particular crystal in a particular setting. The procedure may be carried out with alignment information from an individual data film or from multiple alignment films taken at different spindle angles. Eigenvalue filtering has been incorporated in a refinement program that minimizes discrepancies between observed and calculated fractions recorded for partially recorded reflections. This permits the reflecting range (combined mosaic spread, beam cross-fire, and wavelength spread) to be refined along with the unit-cell and orientation parameters. Observed fractions recorded may be obtained by visual estimation prior to film scanning, or the program may be used in a `post-refinement' mode with data obtained from actual intensity measurements. The relatively unreliable information represented by the positions of spots on the film is not used except for indexing. The program handles crystals of any symmetry in any setting and the oscillation spindle may be inclined from normal beam geometry. The mis-setting angles are defined in a crystal-fixed coordinate system, making it easy to compare refinement results for data taken at different spindle angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011444
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the experimental resolution for small-angle scattering (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The instrumental optimization conditions for most small-angle scattering experiments in which the data are azimuthally symmetric require that the scattered flight path be equal to the incident flight path. This is in contrast to a recent analysis which shows that under some conditions the incident and scattered flight paths are in a ratio of two to one. The equal flight-path condition is also valid for experiments measuring sharp (Bragg-like) peaks, or where the intensity is required at specific scattering vectors, as in low-angle diffraction of ordered or semiordered systems. The implications of the optimization conditions on the resolution and count rates at the detector are discussed for both types of experiment, and the dependence of the resolution on the spectrometer geometry is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011468
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution measurements of angle-resolved X-ray scattering from optically flat mirrors (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: With a compact arrangement using single-crystal collimator and analyzer (silicon 220 reflection) of channel-cut type, angle-resolved scattering (ARS) curves of X-rays (Cu Kα1) for optically flat mirrors have been measured at various glancing angles, ω, of X-rays to the mirror surface with an angular resolution of 4′′. Weak scattered intensity (10−3–10−5 of the specularly reflected beam) is observed over an angular range of a few hundred arc s below and above the direction of specular reflection. When ω is close to the critical angle for total reflection, the scattered intensity at the low-angle tail of ARS curves is higher than that at the high-angle tail. This asymmetric tail profile of ARS curves is explained by simply superposing intensities of specularly reflected beams from surface elements inclined to each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401147X
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on Small-angle scattering at a pulsed neutron source: comparison with a steady-state reactor (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 293-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A recent comparison of data for a specific experiment taken on a time-of-flight small-angle scattering spectrometer on a pulsed neutron source and data for the same kind of experiment taken at a steady-state reactor suggests that the instruments have similar performances, and in particular comparable count rates at the detector. This similarity disappears when resolution is taken into account. The criterion for a valid comparison should be the detector count rate for instruments measuring over similar ranges of scattering vector and with similar resolutions, as required by the particular experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011523
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accuracy and resolution in protein crystallography: a probabilistic approach (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to establish an explicit correlation between the values and probable deviations of the observed intensities and the potential accuracy of the structure eventually determined using those intensities. This problem involves several steps: the choice in real space of a reference stochastic model defining the ideal state of ignorance; the determination in reciprocal space of the probability density corresponding to that model and of the probability law corresponding to the experiment; the determination of the information; the transfer of the information from reciprocal to real space; the interpretation of the information in terms of structural resolution. A rigorous treatment of this problem is hindered by the inadequate knowledge of the statistical correlations between different reflections; more realistically, it is convenient to address a simpler problem, corresponding to an ideal experiment in which the intensities relevant to each reflection are measured independently of all the other reflections. In this case the mathematical problems can easily be solved and a parameter introduced – called projection information – whose value can be determined. This information is the sum of two terms, one associated with the modulus, the other with the phase of each reflection. By resorting to a mathematical model it is possible to make use of the projection information to determine the value of a parameter akin to structure resolution. The final result of this work is an operational definition of resolution, based upon the stochastic properties of the experimental observations. This resolution can be used to assess and compare the intrinsic quality of different structure analyses and of different stages of one structure determination, before the structure is solved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401150X
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of profile-step counting time on the determination of crystal structure parameters by X-ray Rietveld analysis (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystal structure parameters have been obtained for α-Al2O3, β-PbO2 and (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 by Rietveld analysis of Cu Kα X-ray powder diffraction data collected on a conventional diffractometer using counting times ranging from 0.01 to 5 s per step. For all but the 0.01 s data collected on (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 the structural parameters obtained at different counting times are statistically identical at the 3 σ level, and the spread in the values is essentially the same as that obtained by sample repacking at a fixed counting time of 1 s per step. The parameter e.s.d.'s and conventional agreement indices Rwp and RB decrease to values limited by residual model errors as the counting time increases, but the goodness-of-fit parameter becomes unacceptably larger than its ideal value of unity. When more than a few thousand counts are accumulated for the maximum step intensity in the diffraction profile a weighting scheme based solely on counting variance is inappropriate and the parameter e.s.d.'s are no longer a reflection of their accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011547
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  • 16
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    The many-beam moiré effect in electron micrographs of epitaxic Sn/SnTe layers (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The many-beam dynamical theory of moiré fringes of Gevers [Phys. Status Solidi (1963). 3, 2289–2297] has been applied to the parallel moiré case and the results have been verified on epitaxically grown Sn/SnTe specimens showing the sensitivity of moiré patterns to the presence of systematic reflections. The Fourier analysis of the calculated intensity profiles showed that each additional diffracted beam gives rise to a new term in the Fourier series so that the profile can be sinusoidal only in the two-beam approximation. The same result has been obtained recently by Pardo, Pariset & Renard [Phys. Status Solidi A. (1981). 64, 283–295], who applied a slightly different theoretical approach to Sb/Bi specimens. It is shown that the corrections to scattering factors for temperature effects are not important since they do not affect the general character of the moiré profiles. Some experiments were performed showing the dependence of the moiré pattern on the number of beams that are transmitted through the objective aperture. The effect of the gradual thinning of one layer on the moiré pattern could be reproduced by computer simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011559
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The true unit cell of ammonium hydrogen sulfate, (NH4)3H(SO4)2 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A combination of X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal Laue photography was used to determine the unit-cell parameters for letovicite. μr = 247.25. The unit cell is triclinic, P1 or P{\bar 1}, and has dimensions a0 = 5.87(1), b0 = 10.17(3), c0 = 8.27(1) Å, α = 101.1(4), β = 111.1(1), γ = 89.9(2)°, V = 450.7 Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.82 Mg m−3. The M(20) cell reliability is 23.8. Many weak powder spectra were observed, which preclude the possibility of monoclinic cell symmetry previously reported. Projection of the letovicite Laue data along [001] reveals the striking pseudo-hexagonal symmetry observed optically. The JCPDS Diffraction File No. for ammonium hydrogen sulfate is 35-1500.
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    On the automatic extension of incomplete models by iterative Fourier calculation (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 364-366 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A program is presented that solves crystal structures completely using advanced Fourier methods starting from a small known fraction (about 8%) of the structure. The program uses a statistical test based on the R2 factor to check the correctness of the model obtained so far. The results obtained with four test structures are given.
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    A sample holder for cutting single crystals along any desired X-ray oriented plane (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 369-370 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 20
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    Use of a one-dimensional position-sensitive detector with a Kratky camera (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 370-370 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    A technique for the preparation of low-temperature powder samples of noxious materials (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 372-372 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Crystallographers (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 373-373 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988401178X
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  • 23
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    Single-peak methods for Fourier analysis of peak shapes (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 22-26 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Several procedures for Fourier analysis of single diffraction peaks for microstrains and mosaic sizes are compared. A simple new method works well, especially when the size distribution is broad, and/or when the strains vary in an unusual manner.
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  • 24
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    A computer program for unique indexing of electron diffraction patterns (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 39-42 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A computer program for unambiguous and consistent indexing of a series of single-crystal diffraction patterns is discussed which allows determination of the unit triangle and therefore tilting of the specimen into any special orientation even if no Kikuchi patterns can be observed.
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  • 25
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    The peak in neutron powder diffraction (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 47-54 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: For the application of Rietveld profile analysis to neutron powder diffraction data a precise knowledge of the peak profile, in both shape and position, is required. The method now in use employs a Gaussian-shaped profile with a semi-empirical asymmetry correction for low-angle peaks. The integrated intensity is taken to be proportional to the classical Lorentz factor calculated for the X-ray case. In this paper an exact expression is given for the peak profile based upon the geometrical dimensions of the diffractometer. It is shown that the asymmetry of observed peaks is well reproduced by this expression. The angular displacement of the experimental profile with respect to the nominal Bragg angle value is larger than expected. Values for the correction to the classical Lorentz factor for the integrated intensity are given. The exact peak profile expression has been incorporated into a Rietveld profile analysis refinement program.
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  • 26
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    Scaling and phase-difference determination in solvent contrast variation experiments (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 77-84 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In the solvent contrast variation technique, the structure factor is a linear function of contrast, and the intensity is therefore a parabolic function of contrast. A method has been developed which scales together data measured at different contrasts on different samples. Once the data are scaled, structure-factor amplitudes or intensities for any other contrast can be obtained by inter- (or extra-)polation. The magnitude of the relative phase change between contrast, an important piece of phasing information in single-crystal studies, can be determined.
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    X-ray study on the successive phase transition in cholesteryl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropionate (CTFP) (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 100-102 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: These studies on phase transition and crystal structure in a single-crystal of CTFP by X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 88 to 293 K show that CTFP undergoes successive phase transitions at about 123, 143 and 178 K and that the existence of another phase transition at about 168 K is possible. In the lowest-temperature phase, various commensurate and incommensurate structures were found. The appearance of the structure depends on storage duration at 293 K after undergoing the successive phase transitions. The original crystal, just crystallized from acetone solution, showed commensurate structure of which the modulation wave number, δ, is 0.20. The samples stored for a week and a month were both incommensurate. However, the crystals stored for two months were commensurate (δ = 0.20). Therefore, the storage duration of two months is a relaxation time long enough to recover the genuine structure. In the other temperature phases below 178 K, the crystals were all incommensurate. Consequently, the complicated structural change of CTFP crystals during storage is now well understood as a thermal relaxation phenomenon.
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    A device for the easy centering of a Gandolfi X-ray diffraction camera (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 120-121 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 29
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    Appreciation of Co-editor's Service (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 122-122 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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  • 30
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    Comparaison de precédures d'evaluation des distortions et de la taille des cristallites par analyse des raies de diffraction des rayons X (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 131-133 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A procedure based on successive convolution operations is developed and associated with the Warren–Averbach method. Applications to cold-worked lithium fluoride samples are presented. The microstrain results are compared with those obtained in the classical way including the use of the direct deconvolution method. It is shown experimentally that the difficulties involved in the deconvolution operation have no significant effect on the evaluation of microstrains by the classical X-ray line-profile analysis.
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  • 31
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    Intensity of secondary scattering of X-rays by non-crystalline materials. Transmission gemoetry with an incident-beam monochromator (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 134-139 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Equations are derived for the intensity ratio R of secondary to primary scattering in the fixed-sample transmission case with an incident-beam monochromator crystal that results in a polarization ratio Km for unpolarized incident radiation. A table allows R to be calculated for Km = 0. This table, along with the one for Km = 1 published previously for the case without a monochromator, allows R to be estimated before an experiment is done and thus an optimum experiment can be designed. A simple computer program allows direct calculation of R once experimental data are obtained if it is desired to avoid interpolation. Determination of R involves some approximation, but the values obtained are sufficiently accurate for most purposes. However, R can be improved using exact equations, if desired. If synchrotron radiation polarized normal to the plane of scattering of the monochromator is used, R does not depend on Km, and the value of R for Km = 0 applies despite the true value of Km. As is expected from symmetry considerations, R is independent of Km in the small-angle scattering limit.
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  • 32
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    A new linear position-sensitive scintillation detector for neutron powder diffractometry (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 159-166 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new linear position-sensitive scintillation detector has been developed and installed on a neutron powder diffractometer. The physical properties of this detector are described; test powder diffractograms are presented. The special advantages of this detector for neutron powder diffractometry are discussed: high detection efficiency also in the region of short wavelengths (75% for λ = 1.3 Å), good spatial resolution (FWHM = 2.5 mm), and high data-point density (Δ2θ = 0.02°). Special emphasis is placed on peak-profile analysis for the powder diffraction patterns. Examples for position and intensity separation of overlapping reflections are presented.
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    The formation of double-polytype regions in ZnS crystals (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 167-171 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A 3 mm long double-polytype region was found in a ZnS needle. The region consists of a fine mixture of 47% of each of the polytypes 20L(5753) and 60R(5537)3 and about 6% of the polytype 60R(511553)3. The latter polytype is assumed to be the parent polytype transforming into the two others. It is the first time that traces of the parent polytype have been found in a double-polytype region. The formation mechanism of double-polytype regions is explained as a two-stage transformation process: expansion of grown-in stacking faults taking place at temperatures just below the hexagonal-to-cubic transition temperature, followed by a sudden formation and expansion of stacking faults at a lower temperature. It is suggested that a similar mechanism operates in the formation of single polytype regions and disordered ones.
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  • 34
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    A proposal for a highly efficient double-crystal monochromator for thermal neutrons (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 189-195 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The optimum parameters and properties of a new type of neutron monochromator based on elastically bent silicon single crystals are theoretically evaluated. The use of a fully asymmetrical geometry permits the achievement of rocking-curve widths exceeding 20' in the incident beam. The associated effect of the reflected-beam widening is compensated for by the second crystal in the parallel (1,−1) setting in opposite geometry. Reflectivity calculations indicate that this double-crystal system might be compared with the best single-crystal mosaic monochromators. Besides the easy control of the effective mosaicity and the corresponding integrated reflectivity by variation of the bending radius, a further advantage of this system is its simultaneous action as a neutron filter improving the ratio of the thermal neutron signal to the background.
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    The reduction of radiation damage in protein crystals by polyethylene glycol (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 209-210 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A simple technique has been developed to lessen radiation damage of protein crystals grown from low-ionic strength solution. The technique consists of replacing the mother liquor with solutions containing 10–20% of polyethylene glycol 4000 or 20000.
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    Crystal data for p-dichlorobenzene, p-dibromobenzene and their mixed crystals at 293 K (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 210-211 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The powder data at 293 K of p-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), C6H4Cl2, p-dibromobenzene (pDBB), C6H4Br2, and of their mixed crystals [pDCB]x [pDBB](1−x) are reported. Their thermal stability at 293 K is given. They are all isomorphous, monoclinic, P21/a with Z = 2. a = 14.792 (6), b = 5.839 (2), c = 4.036 (2) Å, β = 112.52 (4)°, V = 322.0 (5) Å3, Dx = 1.516 Mg m−3 for pDCB; a = 15.487 (2), b = 5.836 (2), c = 4.108 (1) Å, β = 112.74 (1), V = 342.5 (3) Å3, Dx = 2.289 Mg m−3 for pDBB; a = 14.893 (10), b = 5.837 (7), c = 4.046 (3) Å, β = 112.48 (5)°, V = 325.1 (9) Å3, Dx = 1.592 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.90[pDBB]0.10; a = 14.942 (5), b = 5.840 (2), c = 4.048 (1) Å, β = 112.53 (3)°, V = 326.3 (4) Å3, Dx = 1.677 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.80 [pDBB]0.20; a = 15.018 (4), b = 5.846 (1), c = 4.061 (1) Å, β = 112.50 (2)°, V = 329.4 (3) Å3, Dx = 1.751 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.70 [pDBB]0.30; a = 15.138 (11), b = 5.843 (3), c = 4.067 (3) Å3, β = 112.57 (8)°, V = 332.2 (8) Å3, Dx = 1.825 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.60 [pDBB]0.40; a = 15.247 (6), b = 5.842 (2), c = 4.081 (2) Å, β = 112.66 (5)°, V = 335.4 (5) Å3, Dx = 1.896 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.50 [pDBB]0.50; a = 15.300 (5), b = 5.838 (1), c = 4.081 (1) Å, β = 112.54 (4)°, V = 336.7 (3) Å3, Dx = 1.976 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.40 [pDBB]0.60; a = 15.373 (4), b = 5.842 (1), c = 4.094 (1) Å, β = 112.64 (3), V = 339.3 (3) Å3, Dx = 2.048 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.30 [pDBB]0.70; a = 15.410 (7), b = 5.838 (4), c = 4.098 (2) Å, β = 112.65 (3)°, V = 340.2 (6) Å3, Dx = 2.129 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.20 [pDBB]0.80; and a = 15.450 (3), b = 5.838 (1), c = 4.103 (1) Å, β = 112.69 (1)°, V = 341.4 (2) Å3, Dx = 2.208 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.10 [pDBB]0.90. The JCPDS Diffraction File Nos. are: 34-1987 for pDCB; 34-1985 for pDBB; 34-1986 for [pDCB]0.50 [pDBB]0.50.
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    A procedure for search/match analysis of X-ray powder diffraction patterns using compact data bases (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 212-214 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A microcomputer-based method has been developed for rapid search/match analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns from compound mixtures with user-assembled data bases for specific sample types, e.g. air pollutants, asbestiform minerals, mineral sands and coal ash. Accidental coincidences between stored and measured patterns are largely eliminated using status parameters which are assigned to each data base and measured line. Scaling factors determined for each of the identified compounds afford calculation of relative concentration values. The list of unassigned lines is presented for subsequent analysis with other compact data bases or using more complex search/match methods.
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    Crystallographers (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 217-218 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Use of synchrotron radiation sources for X-ray diffraction topography of polytypic structures (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 231-237 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The potential of synchrotron radiation sources (SRS) for the topography of polytypic structures has been assessed. Thus it has been found that the white radiation and low divergence characteristics of the SRS are uniquely suitable for accommodating the complications of mixed polytypes, heavily distorted crystals and edge-reflection topography. Computer aids are particularly important for separating contributions from mixed polytype crystals. All these techniques are illustrated in this paper using silicon carbide as a prototype polytypic crystal.
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    OMITMAP: An electron density map suitable for the examination of errors in a macromolecular model (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 244-248 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A single-stage computer procedure to calculate an electron density map suitable to detect errors in a tentative macromolecular model has been developed. In this procedure, an atom of the tentative model does not contribute to the phases used to calculate electron density values at or near its current position, that is within the region containing it and a neighborhood surrounding that region. In this way, the phases used to calculate electron density values within a region are not biased by the model atoms contained within that region or its neighborhood. The number of atoms which are omitted for a given region is maintained at a small fraction of the total structure so that the phases used to calculate electron density values may still be a good approximation to the phases of the complete structure. The procedure was used to improve the model of the Fab portion of the mouse galactan-binding immunoglobulin J539 (IgA2, κ), which contains 431 residues.
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    A Voigtian as profile shape function in Rietveld refinement (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 352-357 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A modification of the Rietveld refinement program is introduced by replacing the Gaussian profile function with a Voigtian. The performance of the program is tested by an application to simulated and measured diffraction patterns of NaTaO3, and excellent results are obtained when the tails of the reflections are included at distances 10 to 20 times the half-width of the reflections. Comparison between Gaussian and Voigtian refinements show large differences in the thermal parameters. This is due to the high level of background that is assumed in the Gaussian refinement to compensate for the lack of tail overlap. Application of the Voigtian refinement to the measured pattern of Ni yields a thermal parameter that is close to the literature values, while the Gaussian analysis gives a value which is 35% too large. The isotropic temperature factors of the room-temperature structure of NaTaO3, respectively, drop down to the values B(Ta) = 0.09(2), B(Na) = 1.21(3), B(O1) = 0.59(3) and B(O2) = 0.61(3) Å2, when the Voigtian analysis with a proper background is carried out. The role of background in powder pattern refinement is discussed, and it is suggested that a calculation of the average TDS should be included in the refinement.
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    A segment description for the unique set of reflections in non-centrosymmetric crystal classes (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 361-362 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The segment description of the unique set of reflections of Gabe [In Crystallographic Computing, edited by F.R. Ahmed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard (1969)] and Le Page & Gabe [J. Appl. Cryst. (1979). 12, 464–466] has been extended to the non-centrosymmetric crystal classes. To the reflections generated by the unique set of the Laue group are added the anti-reflections generated by a set of anti-segments. These anti-segments are defined by the same lattice rows as those of the corresponding Laue group but their origins are shifted to avoid generating anti-reflections in any centrosymmetric section of reciprocal space.
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    Some aspects of the X-ray structural characterization of (Ga1−xAlxAs)n1(GaAs)n2/GaAs(001) superlattices: erratum (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 362-362 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In the paper by Kervarec, Baudet, Caulet, Auvrey, Emery & Regreny [J. Appl. Cryst. (1984). 17, 196–205], an error has been introduced. On page 202, right-hand column, the second paragraph should read: The uneven surfaces of the interfaces can be taken into account by assuming that the SL is made of a juxtaposition of perfect crystallites of the same composition x whose period varies between the extreme values of 2n1d1 + 2n2d2. In this hypothesis, the experimental diagram is the sum of the X-ray diagrams given by each crystallite; the value of n1 + n2 deduced from such a diagram is an average value in the sample zone analyzed, therefore most of the time not integer.
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    An enhanced interactive PLUTO78 for molecular display (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 366-368 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The well known molecular drawing program, PLUTO78, has been made more widely available in the UK by mounting it on the minicomputers of the Joint Academic Network (JANET) wide-area network. Enhancements include interaction, faster plotting, use of colour and simulated half tone, easy access to centrally maintained high-quality-output devices, and the provision of comprehensive documentation in the form of on-line help and a user manual.
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    Recommendations of the Ad hoc committee on criteria for publication of charge density studies (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 369-369 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The use of silicones in protein crystallizations involving single or multiple growth cycles (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 371-371 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The 50th anniversary of the pepsin X-ray photograph (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 372-373 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes and News (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 373-374 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    A theoretical treatment of the Ge [440, \overline{2}20] monolithic monochromator (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 375-384 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The calculated intensities of the X-ray beam behind the exit surface of the Ge [440, {\bar 2}20] dispersive monolithic monochromator for Co Kα1 radiation are presented. The reflections 440 and {\bar 2}20 resulting from Ge {000, 440, 260, {\bar 2}20} coplanar four-beam diffraction were taken into account and the influence of the π/2 reflection 260 is discussed. The four-surface arrangement of Ge [440, {\bar 2}20] providing the resultant beam parallel to the incident beam is considered. For comparison Ge [440, {\bar 2}20] in the two-beam approximation is solved. The obtained results demonstrate that the four-beam basis of diffraction affects the resultant beam. The quality of the X-ray beam evaluated behind the examined monochromators also provided the conditions for the use of such monochromators as wavelength standards.
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    Dilatation thermique des phases stables et métastable du naphtalènethiol-2 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 13-17 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: It is shown by a diffraction technique that 2-naphthalenethiol (C10H8S) undergoes a first-order phase transition which occurs at 313 ± 0.5 K. The low-temperature form III is ordered whereas the high-temperature one I is disordered and may be kept as metastable far below 313 K. Thermal expansion studies, performed on the stable form III and on both metastable and stable forms I, indicate that: form III exhibits a pronounced `pretransitional' effect; discontinuities of the lattice constants occur at the III →I transition; the lattice-constant thermal-expansion curves of form I do not show any inflexion at the metastable to stable transition; in every case a large thermal expansion anisotropy is observed. Curiously, the compacity of the ordered low-temperature form is lower than that of the disordered high-temperature form. The JCPDS Diffraction File No. of the low-temperature form III is 34–1990.
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    Application of the Energy-Dispersive X-ray diffraction method to determine static and dynamic displacements close to D in Ta single crystals (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 33-38 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction method has been used to measure integrated Bragg intensities from TaDx single crystals as a function of D concentration and scattering vector. The observed attenuation can be described in terms of a thermal and a static Debye–Waller factor (DWF). From the static DWF, for small scattering vectors, the displacements u1 = 0.095 (5) Å of the four Ta atoms closest to the D atom are obtained and, for large scattering vectors, the change of the mean-square thermal displacement of these atoms Δv21 = −[5.5 (3)] × 10–4 Å2.
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    MITHRIL–an integrated direct-methods computer program (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 42-46 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A new direct-methods computer program, MITHRIL, is described. Written in a neutral subset of Fortran IV, it is built around a heavily modified MULTAN80 system. It incorporates many recent theoretical developments in direct methods including the use of quartet and quintet invariants, a new method for estimating triplets, YZARC and MAGEX, and random-phase tangent refinement. It can be run as a menu-driven interactive real-time package or in the more conventional batch mode. Several levels of user-program interaction are provided.
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    The accuracy of experimental radial distribution functions for metallic glasses (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 61-76 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: X-ray diffraction experiments on amorphous Fe40Ni40P20 were performed in association with a detailed study of the accuracy, limitations and reproducibility of experimental radial distribution functions (RDF's). A novel counting strategy is presented, and the merits of conducting two diffraction experiments in different geometries as a test for internal consistency are argued. Experimental methods and data-processing techniques are treated in detail. The results indicate that the RDF can be determined virtually with pre-selected accuracy. The positions of the co-ordination shells for Fe40Ni40P20 show a remarkable periodicity.
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    Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 85-95 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The application of synchrotron X-ray radiation to powder diffraction is described. A perfect Si double-crystal monochromator at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) was used in conjunction with Si, Ge, LiF and Al2O3 analyzers to investigate resolution and intensity characteristics at selected wavelengths between 1.07 and 1.54 Å. The results obtained with Ge at 1.54 Å gave a resolution Δd/d of 5 × 10−4 at 2θ = 30°, falling to 2 × 10−4 at 2θ = 140°. Analysis of the peak shapes is described in detail, with particular emphasis on the asymmetry observed at angles below 50° due to axial divergence effects. With a simple correction to allow for these, the peak shapes are found to be well represented by a convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian components, the respective peak widths of these being related to the intrinsic resolution and sample broadening effects. It is pointed out that the use of a crystal analyzer should eliminate shifts in the Bragg-peak positions owing to the displacement-type aberrations which occur with conventional focusing-type diffractometers. Except for a constant zero error, the mean discrepancy in observed and calculated peak positions between 0 and 90° for reference samples CeO2, Al2O3 and NiO is found to be only about 0.003°. Finally, some general remarks are made about the application of the Rietveld profile technique to structural analysis from synchrotron powder diffraction data.
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    On the texture in diffusion-grown layers of silicides and germanides with the FeB structure, MeX (Me=Ti, Zr; X=Si, Ge) or the ZrSi2 structure (ZrSi2, HfSi2, ZrGe2) (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 103-110 
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    Notes: In diffusion-grown layers of compounds with the orthorhombic FeB- and ZrSi2-type structures a pronounced texture is present which is rotationally symmetric with respect to the direction of diffusion. In FeB-type structures a [101]-fibre texture is observed for ZrSi and HfSi and a [100]-fan texture for TiSi and ZrGe. In ZrSi2-type compounds the b axis is always perpendicular to the direction of diffusion; different compounds, however, show different textures: a [010]-fan texture for ZrSi2, a [100]-fibre texture for HfSi2 and a 〈101〉-fibre texture for ZrGe2. The textures are explained in terms of preferential diffusion along specific crystallographic directions which can be derived from the crystal structures. At high temperatures a second texture component has been observed in HfSi layers and in layers with the ZrSi2 structure. This second component can be considered as a recrystallization texture and can be derived from the original texture by a rotation of the crystallites of 20–25° around a simple crystallographic direction. The existence of a so-called TiGe phase with the FeB structure in the temperature region 1070–1270 K is questionable. Only Ti6Ge5 has been produced and this compound showed a [001]-fibre texture.
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    An optimized collimator for X-ray diffraction from very small samples using synchrotron radiation (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 120-120 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Diffractometer detector aperture system with independently controlled jaws (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 122-122 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Crystallographers (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 122-122 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Crystal lattices, interfaces, matrices by W. Bollmann (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 123-124 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Non-focusing diffractometer for X-ray studies on weakly absorbing amorphous materials (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 140-146 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: One of the main sources of error when studying weakly absorbing materials using an X-ray diffractometer with Bragg–Brentano focusing geometry is specimen transparency. Its undesired effects (peak displacement and loss of intensity in the medium angular range) can be avoided by using a slab-like specimen in symmetrical transmission, in which case the type of diffractometer is more or less immaterial except that a non-focusing diffractometer offers a series of advantages, e.g. a very simple lining-up procedure and the possibility of using rod-like specimens. Such a diffractometer with a flat monochromator in the primary beam is described and both the equatorial aberration and the axial aberration are discussed.
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    Macromolecular crystallography with synchrotron radiation: collection and processing of data from crystals with a very large unit cell (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 147-153 
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    Notes: Hexagonal crystals of cowpea mosaic virus in space group P6122 (or its enantiomorph) with a = 451 and c = 1038 Å have been analyzed using the synchrotron X-ray source at LURE. Data were collected using an X-ray beam of size 0.18 × 0.22 mm permitting resolution of reflections along the c* direction. The beam was defined using a multiple slit system at both the monochromator and at the collimator. A helium path was used to reduce air scatter as a specimen-to-film distance of 175 mm was employed. Data to 4.3 Å resolution were recorded on each film. The films were processed to 6 Å resolution using the oscillation photograph processing package developed by Rossmann [J. Appl. Cryst. (1979), 12, 225–238] with minor modifications to the normal procedures. One film was processed to 4.3 Å resolution establishing the feasibility of intermediate resolution analysis. Statistical analysis of the processed data showed excellent correlation between symmetry-equivalent reflections. Post refinement of oscillation angles and lattice constants was very stable and led to significantly improved scaling of partially recorded reflections.
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    Structural disorder in microcrystalline MgCl2 (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 172-178 
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    Notes: Structural disorder in severely ground MgCl2 is interpreted on the basis of a Bernoullian model with four parameters, specifying both the size and the statistical sequence of the layers; their choice completely dictates the intrinsic shape of all the X-ray diffraction lines. The X-ray powder spectra are reasonably well reproduced over a wide range of Bragg distances (1̃.7 〈 d 〈 9̃ Å) for samples with various degrees of disorder. Practical criteria are given to derive the statistical parameters from the X-ray spectra. Average crystal thickness as small as 20 Å across the layers is observed. From the usual structure with cubic packing in the Cl atoms, with increasing disorder at first the probabilities of cubic and hexagonal-like interlayer shifts (Pcub and Phex) tend to become equal; the ultimate degree of disorder also involves ± 60° rotations between adjacent layers, with about the same probability as Pcub and Phex.
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    Short-time X-ray diffraction for the investigation of chemical reactions and phase transitions (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 206-207 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The usual powder diffraction technique needs about one hour for the registration of a pattern with either a Guinier camera or a powder diffractometer. This is a long time compared to the time of most chemical reactions and phase transitions. Quite recently the recording time has been reduced by using position-sensitive detectors and rotating-anode X-ray sources, but the registration time is still about one minute. With a Guinier diffractometer in front of a synchrotron-radiation source a time resolution of 300 μs can be achieved.
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    Some aspects of the X-ray structural characterization of (Ga1−xAlxAs)n1(GaAs)n2/GaAs(001) superlattices (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 196-205 
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    Notes: The study of the physical properties of the superlattices (Ga 1− xAlxAs)n1(GaAs)n2/GaAs(001) requires the knowledge of their structural parameters n1, n2 and x and of their crystalline state. X-ray diffraction enables the existence of such artificial superstructures, obtained by molecular-beam epitaxy, to be revealed and their characteristic parameters to be determined. Two experimental techniques are used: a standard powder goniometer and a double-crystal diffractometer. The diffraction diagrams directly yield the superperiod and the average Al concentration in the superlattice. The value of x is determined by refinement between observed and calculated structure factors. The results are even more accurate when the number of observed satellite peaks for a given periodicity is greater; this number depends at the same time on the Al composition x, the n1/n2 ratio, the periodicity and its dispersion and the shape of the interfaces. This method is illustrated by a few examples with superlattice periods varying from 51 to 397 Å. The consequence on the X-ray diagrams of various defects (dispersion in n1 and n2, superperiod gradient, Al diffusion) is discussed.
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    Crystal data for 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene at 293 K (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 211-211 
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    Notes: The powder data for 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB) and 1,3,5-tribromobenze (1,3,5-TBB) at 293 K are reported. These compounds are isomorphous, orthorhombic, P212121, Z = 4 with a = 13.971 (3), b = 13.251 (2), c = 3.921 (1) Å, V = 725.9 (4) Å3, Dx = 1.660 Mg m−3 for 1,3,5-TCB and a = 14.244 (3), b = 13.577 (2), c = 4.084 (1) Å, V = 789.8 (5) Å3, Dx = 2.648 Mg m−3 for 1,3,5-TBB. These values are more accurate than those previously reported [Milledge & Pant (1960). Acta Cryst. 13, 285–290]. The JCPDS Diffraction File Nos. are 34-1989 for 1,3,5-TCB and 34-1988 for 1,3,5-TBB.
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    VAX adaptation of the ROCKS crystallographic program system (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 215-215 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The ROCKS crystallographic computing system is a general complete integrated and easy-to-use system of programs for macromolecular structure determination. However, it has heretofore been available only on IBM 360 or 370 main-frame computers. This note reports the successful adaptation of the ROCKS system to the DEC VAX series of superminicomputers.
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    Commission on Journals. Changes in Editorial Boards (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 218-218 
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    Application of synchrotron radiation to anomalous scattering for structure analysis with a four-circle diffractometer (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 219-225 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The present paper describes a newly built four-circle diffractometer for X-ray structure analysis with synchrotron radiation and particularly with the use of anomalous scattering due to a relatively heavy atom or atoms. This system is installed on beamline 10A in the Photon Factory (PF) in the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, and its 2θ arm is rotated in the plane perpendicular to the floor. In this system, a one-crystal monochromator of the horizontal dispersion type is used. When the 111 reflection from a Si monochromator is used, the energy resolution is about 14 eV for X-rays of about 10 keV. The four-circle diffractometer, a monochromator and an alignment carriage for the four-circle diffractometer can be controlled by a computer and, therefore, once the optical system has been adjusted for X-rays of a certain wavelength then the diffraction intensity values from a single-crystal sample can be automatically measured at any wavelength chosen. An NaI(Tl) scintillation counter is used for both the intensity measurements of the diffraction beam and the monitoring of the incident-beam intensity. In order to make the counting rate high, 50 MHz counters are used for the above two intensity measurements. In this set-up, about 1% counting loss occurs at a counting rate of 55000 s−1. With this diffractometer, diffraction intensities have been measured for a hemimorphite single-crystal at two energy values on both sides of the Zn K absorption edge. The variation of the intensities, after being normalized by the standard reflection and the monitor counts, was somewhat large in comparison with the data measured in the usual laboratory. From these data measured at two energy values, a so-called two-wavelength anomalous-scattering difference Patterson function was calculated, where the Zn–Zn vector peaks were twice as high as in an ordinary Patterson.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Structure of a second form of 1,2;2,3-di-μ-hydrido-μ3-tetracarbonylferrio-cyclo-tris(tricarbonylruthenium)(3Ru–Ru), H2FeRu3(CO)13 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 722-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Structures of mercury dichloride–dipotassium dichromate (1/1), HgCl2.K2Cr2O7, and mercury dichloride–diammonium dichromate (1/1), HgCl2.(NH4)2Cr2O7 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 725-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure du triphosphate de cuivre(II) et de trisodium dodécahydraté, CuNa3P3O10.12H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 728-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Two-layer structure of tricalcium germanate, Ca3−x[GeO4](O1−2x,F2x) with X∝0.275 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 730-733 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of calcium thymidine 5'-phosphate dihydrate, Ca2+.C10H13N2O8P2−.2H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 736-738 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Location and anisotropic refinement of deuterium atoms in deuterium sodium silicate–deuterium oxide (1/8) Na2D2SiO4.8D2O by neutron diffraction; hydrogen bonding at 173 K (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 733-736 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of calcium 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate pentahydrate, Ca2+.C10H12N5O6P2−.5H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 738-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Dipotassium salt of 3-hydroxy-4-mercapto-2-thioxo-3-cyclobuten-1-one dihydrate (potassium 1,3-dithiosquarate dihydrate), K2[C4O2S2].2H2O, at 140 K (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 740-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structures of azidobis(dimethylglyoximato)(triphenylphosphine)cobalt(III), C26H29CoN7O4P, and [4,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3-triazolato]bis(dimethylglyoximato)(triphenylphosphine)cobalt(III), C32H35CoN7O8P (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 742-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of trans-bis(dimethylphenylphosphine)bis(pyrazole)platinum, [Pt(C3H4N2)2{P(CH3)2(C6H5)}2] (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 746-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Structure of (5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinato)platinum(II), C44H28N4Pt (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 751-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    trans-Chloro(dimethylamine-N)bis[dimethylglyoximato-(1–)-N,N']cobalt(III), [CoCl(C4H7N2O2)2{NH(CH3)2}] (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 749-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of bis(tetraphenylphosphonium) (dichlorodithioferrato-S,S')disulphidooxomolybdate(2–) methyl cyanide solvate, [P(C6H5)4]2.[FeCl2{MoO(S2)}(S2)].C2H3N (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 754-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The structure of μ3-thio-μ3-tris(disulfido)-chlorato-cyclo-tris[(diethyl dioxodithiophosphato-S,S')molybdenum](3Mo–Mo), C12H30ClMo3O6P3S13 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 759-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    The structure of bis(tetraethylammonium) bis(μ-acetato-O,O')-tri-μ-chloro-pentachloro-μ3-oxo-cyclo-trimolybdate(3Mo–Mo), 2C8H20N+.C4H6Cl8Mo3O52− (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 761-762 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Copper(I)–olefin complexes. Structure of 1-chloro-2-(1-2-η-cyclohexene)-μ-[hydrotri(1-pyrazolyl)borato-N:N',N'']-dicopper(I), C15H20BClCu2N6 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 756-759 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Structure of diaquabis(4-methyl-N-8-quinolylbenzenesulphonamide-N,N')cobalt(II)–acetone (1/1), [Co(C16H13N2O2S)2(H2O)2].C3H6O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 763-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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    Bis(succinimido-N,N')argentate(I) de sodium pentahydraté, Na[Ag(C4H4NO2)2].5H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 765-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of tetrakis(N-methylimidazole-N')copper(I) perchlorate, [Cu(C4H6N2)4][ClO4] (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 768-769 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The ribbon structure of catena-{μ4-(dihydrogen mellitato)-bis[bis(oxamide oxime-N,N')nickel(II)]} tetrahydrate, [Ni2(C12H2O12)(C2H6N4O2)2].4H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 770-772 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of bis(9-methylhypoxanthine)silver(I) nitrate dihydrate, [Ag(C6H6N4O)2](NO3).2H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 772-775 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of (1-methyluracilato)silver(I), [Ag(C5H5N2O2)] (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 775-778 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The structures of the lanthanide ethyl sulfate enneahydrates, M(C2H5SO4)3.9H2O [M = La–Lu (except Pm)], at 171 K (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 781-786 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of the copper(II) dichloride complex of 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-7,16-diacetatocopper(II) methanol solvate, [Cu(C16H28N2O8)].CuCl2.CH3OH (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 778-781 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of tricarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(0)–tetrahydrofuran (2/1), [Ru(CO)3{P(C6H5)3}2].1/2C4H8O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 786-788 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Tetramethylammonium diiodoargentate(I), [N(CH3)4][AgI2] (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 789-790 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The structure of 1,2;3,4-bis{μ-[bis(diphenylphosphino)methane]-P,P'}-1,2;2,4;4,1-tri-μ-carbonyl-1,2,3,3,4-pentacarbonyl-tetrahedro-tetrairidium(0), C58H44Ir4O8P4 (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 790-793 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    trans-Dichloro(dimethyl sulfoxide)(isopropylamine)platinum(II), C5H15Cl2NOPtS (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 793-795 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Trinitrato-(O,O')(triethylene glycol)europium(III), Eu(NO3)3(C6H14O4) (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 795-797 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structures du tris(nitroso-1 éthanal oximato-N,O')ferrate(II) de tétraphénylphosphonium, [P(C6H5)4][Fe(C2H3N2O2)3], et du tris(nitroso-1 éthanal oximato-N,O')ferrate(II) de tétraphénylarsonium, [As(C6H5)4][Fe(C2H3N2O2)3]: deux exemples de dédoublement spontané des isomères optiques lors de la cristallisation (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 797-801 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Structure of disodium 1,4-piperazinedicarbodithioate hexahydrate, 2Na+.C6H8N2S42−.6H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 801-804 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Digold(III) strontium octaacetate dihydrate, Au2Sr(C2H3O2)8.2H2O (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 804-805 
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    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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