ALBERT

38

Unknown

Spatial and temporal patterns of organic matter accumulation on the Peru continental margin (1983)

Reimers, Clare E. ; Suess, Erwin

Plenum Press

In: In: Coastal upwelling, its sediment record. Part B: sedimentary records of ancient coastal upwelling. , ed. by Thiede, J. and Suess, E. NATO Conference Series IV: Marine Sciences, 10b . Plenum Press, New York, pp. 311-345.

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Publication Date: 2017-04-06

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

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39

Unknown

Resistance against heterogeneous sequential infections: experimental studies with a tapeworm and its copepod host (2006)

Kurtz, J. ; Hammerschmidt, Katrin

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of Helminthology, 80 (2). pp. 199-206.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

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40

Unknown

Zoning in highly alkaline magma bodies (1984)

Wolff, John A. ; Storey, Michael

Cambridge University Press

In: Geological Magazine, 121 (6). pp. 563-575.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-31

Description: We present chemical data on magmatically heterogeneous pyroclastic deposits of late Quaternary age erupted from zoned magma systems underlying Tenerife (Canary Islands), Sao Miguel and Faial (Azores), and Vesuvius. The most fractionated magmas present at each centre are respectively Na-rich phonolite, trachyte, and K-rich phonolite. Within any one deposit, chemical variation is either accompanied by changes in the phenocryst assemblage (petrographic zonation) or is largely manifested in trace element abundances, unaccompanied by any petrographic change (occult zonation). Zoning is analogous to that in calc-alkaline systems where the most fractionated products are high-silica rhyolites. When a range of magma types are considered, a correlation emerges between roofward depletion of trace elements (especially REE) in the zoned system and compatability of those same trace elements in the accessory phenocryst phases present. Thus, allanite- or chevkinite-bearing rhyolitic systems are light-REE depleted roofwards, the sphene-bearing Tenerife system is middle-REE depleted roofwards, the melanite-bearing Vesuvius system is heavy-REE depleted roofwards, while the Azores systems, which lack these phases, display roofward REE enrichment. Therefore, the behaviour of trace elements may in each case be explained by fractionation of observed phenocryst assemblages. The resemblance between features of zoned magma systems and published work on the dynamic consequences of cooling saturated aqueous solutions prompts us to suggest that sidewall crystallization and consequent boundary-layer uprise to form a capping layer at top of the system may be a plausible mechanism for the generation of both petrographic and occult zonation. Reverse zoning occurs among the first-erupted tephra of some deposits, demonstrating that the most highly differentiated magma available is not always the first to be tapped during an eruption from a zoned system.

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41

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The female reproductive cycle of the octopus, Eledone cirrhosa (1983)

Boyle, P. R. ; Knobloch, Daniela

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 . pp. 71-83.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: Changes in the relative size of the ovary, oviducal glands and eggs are described for Eledone cirrhosa captured from the North Sea off Aberdeen over a 3 year period (N = 488). The analysis is based only on freshly caught animals, excluding those held in aquarium conditions (〉 5 days). Ovary enlargement and egg size estimates are used as indices of sexual maturity. Between 0–15% and 18–95% of total body weight is contributed by the ovary. Maximum egg length in the ovary ranges up to 7 mm. On these criteria, sexual maturation typically occurs at body sizes between 400–1000 g although some animals of 1000–1200 g are found showing no evidence of ovary enlargement. The majority of the monthly sample is always immature but maturation can apparently occur at almost any time of the year. Increase in mean ovary index and mean values for egg size are strongly seasonal and indicate a peak incidence of sexual maturity over 2–3 months in the July-September period. Spawning is presumed to follow within 1 month. Estimates of the fecundity of the females, based on the egg sample from the ovary, range from 2·2 × 103 to 55 × 10 3 eggs with a mean of 11 × 10 3 and a mode of 7·5 × 10 3 eggs.

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42

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Reproductive maturity in fresh and aquarium-held Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) (1984)

Boyle, P. R. ; Knobloch, Daniela

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 . pp. 581-585.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: Female Eledone cirrhosa held in aquarium conditions for periods of time of five daysand over show relatively enlarged ovary sizes. Values for ovary index considerably exceed thoseof freshly caught animals and the incidence of the final stage of maturity, in which eggs pack the oviducts, is greater. A comparison of maturity indices for fresh and aquarium males was inconclusive. The range of factors associated with aquarium conditions is briefly reviewed and it is concluded that studies of cephalopod reproductive maturation must distinguish fresh and aquarium animals. Introduction External factors effective in inducing sexual maturation in cephalopods have been suggested several times. The influence of the absence of light has been implicated since the experiments of Wells & Wells (1959) showed that blinded Octopus vulgar is matured precociously. An effect of short day length in stimulating the optic glands of Sepia has been found by Defretin & Richard (1967) and Richard (1967) but this is not clearly the case for Octopus (Buckley, 1977). Octopuses kept in aquarium conditions for lengthy periods are said to have larger relative gonad sizes than those fresh from the sea (Wells & Wells, 1975). One of the factors associated with aquarium conditions is often a degree of starvation, and this circumstance alone is held to be a factor in inducing precocious sexual maturation in Eledone (Mangold & Boucher-Rodoni, 1973). In the course of recent studies on the growth and reproduction of Eledone cirrhosa from the North Sea (Boyle & Knobloch, 1982,1983,1984) animals which had remained in aquarium conditions for 5 days or over were separated from the analysis.

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43

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The biology of Isancistrum subulatae n.sp., a monogenean parasitic on the squid, Alloteuthis subulata, at Plymouth (1984)

Llewellyn, J.

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 (02). pp. 285-302.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: A new species of a monogenean Isancistrum subulatae (Gyrodactylidae) has been discovered on the arms and tentacles of the cephalopod mollusc Alloteuthis subulata at Plymouth and I. loliginis, on the gills of the same host, has been re-discovered for the first time since its original description in 1912. I. subulatae, like other gyrodactylids, is viviparous, and has been shown by experiments to transfer to new hosts by contagion. In nature such transfers probably take place during copulation of the hosts and since the parasite may occur in numbers of several thousands per host, it may thereby constitute a venereal disease.

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44

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Variability from scales in marine sediments and other historical records (2009)

Field, David B. ; Baumgartner, Tim R. ; Ferreira, Vicente ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: In: Climate Change and Small Pelagic Fish. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 45-63.

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Publication Date: 2018-05-03

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

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45

Unknown

On growth of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (1982)

Boyle, P. R. ; Knobloch, Daniela

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 62 (2). pp. 277-296.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: The growth of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa has been studied in a population from the North Sea off Aberdeen. Data are presented for the growth of individuals isolated in aquarium conditions; the growth of size classes in thefieldpopulation; and preliminary information on the growth relationships of gonad, somatic, cardiac and brain components of the body. At 15 °C Eledone cirrhosa is capable of growing from 10 to 1000 g in 270 days. From octopuses which feed readily in captivity, weight specific growth rates of up to about 3–5 % day-1 for animals of 100 g body weight are recorded, falling to a maximum of about 1–5 % day-1 at body sizes above 500 g. Females stop growing when sexually mature, but in the sample captured they were consistently larger than males, a feature which may account for the 7:1 bias towards the incidence of females. On a wet-weight basis, the mean food incorporation into growth is 37 % of the food ingested, which is 49% of the gross weight of crabs killed. Field data for 1978/79 suggest that animals recruited to the population at the beginning of the year grew steadily until December, overwintered without growing, then grew rapidly for several months in the subsequent year before disappearing from the samples. The estimated average age of those animals and by implication, the life span, is 20 months.

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46

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Submersible observations on the daytime vertical distribution of Aequorea ?forskalea off the west coast of southern Africa (2005)

Sparks, C. ; Brierley, A. S. ; Buecher, E. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85 (3). pp. 519-522.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: The vertical distribution of the hydromedusa Aequorea forskalea was investigated using observations from the research submersible 'Jago' collected during 36 dives off the west coast of southern Africa during November 1997 and April 1999. The mean population depth of Aequorea? forskalea deepened with increasing sea surface temperature. We suggest that this behaviour enables individuals to avoid offshore advection, to minimize spatial overlap with other large medusae and to maintain their position over the middle of the shelf.

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47

Unknown

On the intermediate circulation in the Iceland Basin (2007)

Lankhorst, Matthias ; Zenk, Walter

Cambridge University Press

In: In: Lagrangian analysis and prediction of coastal and ocean dynamics. , ed. by Griffa, A., Kirwan, A. D., Mariano, A. J., Özgökmen, T. and Rossby, T. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 81-83.

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Publication Date: 2012-02-23

Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed

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48

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Freshwater and brine behaviours in the Arctic Ocean deduced from historical data of ð18O and alkalinity (1929-2002 AD) (2005)

Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo ; Tanaka, Noriyuki ; Pivovarov, Sergey

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 110 (C10003).

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: The long-term data sets of total alkalinity (TA) (1929–2002 A.D.) and δ18O (1966–2002 A.D.) are used to investigate freshwater and brine distributions in the Arctic Ocean. Fractions of sea ice meltwater and other freshwaters (OF) (precipitation, river runoff, and freshwater carried by Pacific water implied as salinity deficit) are calculated on the basis of salinity-TA and salinity-δ18O relationships. Rejected brine during sea ice growth resides in surface water in the central Arctic Ocean, while net melting is found along the surface flow of water from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Distribution of OF at 10 m water depth suggests that Russian runoff leaves the shelf mainly west of the Mendeleyev Ridge, enters into the deep basin, and exits from the ocean through the western part of Fram Strait. The influence of Mackenzie River water is limited in the region and in depth. Accumulation of freshwater in the Canadian Basin is caused by deep penetration of OF with brine, indicating the transport of freshwater by shelf-derived water. The major origin of shelf-derived water entering into the upper halocline layer in the Canadian Basin should be the Chukchi and East Siberian Sea shelves, and the main freshwater sources are the salinity deficit of Pacific water and/or Russian runoff. An increase in OF inventory accompanied by an increase in brine content may suggest an increase of the shelf-derived water supply into the western Canadian Basin in anticyclonic years.

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49

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Effects of variations in light intensity on life processes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides Sacculifer in laboratory culture (1981)

Caron, David A. ; Bé, Allan W. H. ; Anderson, O. Roger

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom UK, 62 . pp. 435-451.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-27

Description: The planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) was cultured under two different light intensities and in continuous darkness. High light intensity (HLI = 4oo-soo einsteins/m2/s) resulted in a longer lifespan, a greater number of chambers formed, and a larger final shell size compared with individuals cultured under low light intensity (LLI = 20-50 einsteins/m2/s) or in continuous darkness. Shell growth rates were unaffected by increasing light intensity, but gametogenesis was delayed. Continuous darkness induced a rapid onset of gametogenesis in organisms with shell lengths larger than 250 m. Feeding frequency had a greater effect on growth and reproduction than light intensity under conditions of LLI and HLI, but continuous darkness had an overriding effect on growth and reproduction owing to the rapid onset of gametogenesis which terminated the life of the mother cell. Our previous data indicated that the longevity of G. sacculifer was dependent on feeding frequency, and that G. sacculifer cultured under LLI had a lifespan of approximately 2-4 weeks. Present results suggest that the lifespan can vary from a minimum of 8 days for organisms fed daily in continuous darkness to a maximum of 54 days for organisms fed once every 7 days and maintained in HLI. It is concluded that individual G. sacculifer attain a shell size greater than 6oo ,urn only if they maintain their position in the euphotic zone. Prolonged existence below the euphotic zone would result in premature death or gametogenesis following stunted shell growth.

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50

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Dynamics of wind-forced coherent anticyclones in the open ocean (2009)

Koszalka, Inga Monika ; Bracco, Annalisa ; McWilliams, James C. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research, 114 (C8).

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: We numerically study the dynamics of coherent anticyclonic eddies in the ocean interior. For the hydrostatic, rotating, stably stratified turbulence we use a high-resolution primitive equation model forced by small-scale winds in an idealized configuration. Many properties of the horizontal motions are found to be similar to those of two-dimensional and quasi-geostrophic turbulence. Major differences are a strong cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry linked to the straining field exerted by vortex Rossby waves, which is also found in shallow water flows, and the complex structure of the vertical velocity field, which we analyze in detail. Locally, the motion can become strongly ageostrophic, and vertical velocities associated with vortices can reach magnitudes and levels of spatial complexity akin to those reported for frontal regions. Transport and mixing properties of the flow field are further investigated by analyzing Lagrangian trajectories. Particles released in the pycnocline undergo large vertical excursions because of the vertical velocities associated to the vortices, with potentially important consequences for marine ecosystem dynamics.

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51

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Nitrate isotope anomalies reflect N2fixation in the Azores Front region (subtropical NE Atlantic) (2009)

Bourbonnais, Annie ; Lehmann, Moritz F. ; Waniek, Joanna J. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 114 (C3). C03003.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: The subtropical northeast Atlantic has previously been identified as a marine environment with an apparent imbalance between low nitrate supply to the surface and concurrent high export production. To better constrain the sources and fluxes of mixed layer nitrate and to assess the potential role of N2 fixation in providing new nitrogen (N), we investigated the depth distribution of nitrate δ15N and δ18O at six stations across the Azores Front in the NE Atlantic. In addition, we measured the δ15N of dissolved organic N (DON) in surface waters and of sinking particulate N collected in sediment traps at 2000 m depth between 2003 and 2005 at Station KIEL276. The nitrate isotope profiles at the majority of the hydrographic stations displayed a decrease in the δ15N from depth toward low-nitrate surface waters, concomitant with an increase in δ18O. Given that nitrate uptake by phytoplankton leads to a proportional increase in nitrate δ15N and δ18O, the observed surface water nitrate isotope anomalies (Δ(15;18) up to −6‰) indicate that nitrate assimilation is not the sole process controlling the isotopic composition of nitrate in the photic zone and implicate a significant addition of newly fixed N that is remineralized in surface and subsurface waters. Both the concentration of DON and its δ15N in surface water were spatially invariant, showing mean values of 4.7 ± 0.5 μmol L−1 and 2.6 ± 0.4‰ (n = 35), respectively, supporting the conjecture of a mostly recalcitrant DON pool. The weighted biannual mean δ15N of sinking particulate N (1.8 ± 0.8‰, n = 33) was low with respect to thermocline nitrate. The anomalous dual nitrate isotope signatures together with the low δ15N of export production and elevated nitrate-to-phosphate ratios in surface and subsurface waters strongly suggest that N2 fixation represents a substantive source of N in this part of the subtropical northeast Atlantic. Simple isotope mass balance suggests that, locally, N2 fixation supplies between 56 and 259 mmol N m−2 a−1 for phytoplankton growth in the photic zone, accounting for up to ∼40% of the estimated export production.

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52

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Soil phases: the living phase (2006)

Dilly, Oliver ; Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria ; Irmler, Ulrich

Cambridge University Press

In: In: Soils: Baic Concepts and Future Challenges. , ed. by Certini, G. and Scalenghe, R. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 91-102. ISBN 13 978-0-521-85173-2

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Publication Date: 2015-01-28

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

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53

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Assessment of skill and portability in regional marine biogeochemical models: Role of multiple planktonic groups (2007)

Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. ; Dusenberry, Jeffrey A. ; Anderson, Laurence A. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112 (C8).

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: Application of biogeochemical models to the study of marine ecosystems is pervasive, yet objective quantification of these models' performance is rare. Here, 12 lower trophic level models of varying complexity are objectively assessed in two distinct regions (equatorial Pacific and Arabian Sea). Each model was run within an identical one-dimensional physical framework. A consistent variational adjoint implementation assimilating chlorophyll-a, nitrate, export, and primary productivity was applied and the same metrics were used to assess model skill. Experiments were performed in which data were assimilated from each site individually and from both sites simultaneously. A cross-validation experiment was also conducted whereby data were assimilated from one site and the resulting optimal parameters were used to generate a simulation for the second site. When a single pelagic regime is considered, the simplest models fit the data as well as those with multiple phytoplankton functional groups. However, those with multiple phytoplankton functional groups produced lower misfits when the models are required to simulate both regimes using identical parameter values. The cross-validation experiments revealed that as long as only a few key biogeochemical parameters were optimized, the models with greater phytoplankton complexity were generally more portable. Furthermore, models with multiple zooplankton compartments did not necessarily outperform models with single zooplankton compartments, even when zooplankton biomass data are assimilated. Finally, even when different models produced similar least squares model-data misfits, they often did so via very different element flow pathways, highlighting the need for more comprehensive data sets that uniquely constrain these pathways.

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54

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Monitoring temporal variability of bubble release at seeps: The hydroacoustic swath system GasQuant (2008)

Greinert, Jens

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113 (C7). C07048.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: A lander-based hydroacoustic swath system, GasQuant, was deployed in an intensely bubbling seep area at the shelf west of the Crimea Peninsula, Black Sea. With its horizontally oriented swath (21 beams, 63° swath angle, 180 kHz) GasQuant operates in a sonar-like mode and monitors bubbles remotely, exploiting their strong backscattering when crossing the swath. All active seep spots were monitored simultaneously within the covered area (2075 m2). Even applying simple processing and visualization techniques (moving average for filtering, FFT for spectrum analyses; swath and trace plots) identified 17 seeps of different activity patterns that have been grouped as follows: (1) sporadically active with one to a few long bursts (up to 18 min) or randomly occurring short bursts (〈200 bursts and active for 〈5% of the observation time); (2) regularly active seeps showing mainly short bursts of less than one minute but also longer burst of a few minutes (200–350 bursts and 5 to 20% active); (3) frequently active spots with sometimes very periodic bubble release (〉350 bursts or 〉20% active). Studying the bubble release variability of single seeps and of the entire area allows speculation about the external and internal processes that modulate the bubble release. In the study area none of the 17 seeps was found to be permanently active. Only one was active for 75% and another one for 45% of the time monitored. The rest only released bubbles during less than 20% of the time with an overall average of only 12%. This would have strong implications for flux extrapolations if these were based on very accurate but few short-term measurements. Both strong overestimates and underestimates are possible. High-resolution monitoring over at least one tidal cycle as with the GasQuant system might help to get an idea of the temporal variability. Thus flux extrapolations can be corrected to better reflect the real seep activity.

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55

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Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature (2008)

Austin, J. ; Tourpali, K. ; Rozanov, E. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113 (D11). pp. 1-20.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-24

Description: The 11-year solar cycles in ozone and temperature are examined using new simulations of coupled chemistry climate models. The results show a secondary maximum in stratospheric tropical ozone, in agreement with satellite observations and in contrast with most previously published simulations. The mean model response varies by up to about 2.5% in ozone and 0.8 K in temperature during a typical solar cycle, at the lower end of the observed ranges of peak responses. Neither the upper atmospheric effects of energetic particles nor the presence of the quasi biennial oscillation is necessary to simulate the lower stratospheric response in the observed low latitude ozone concentration. Comparisons are also made between model simulations and observed total column ozone. As in previous studies, the model simulations agree well with observations. For those models which cover the full temporal range 1960–2005, the ozone solar signal below 50 hPa changes substantially from the first two solar cycles to the last two solar cycles. Further investigation suggests that this difference is due to an aliasing between the sea surface temperatures and the solar cycle during the first part of the period. The relationship between these results and the overall structure in the tropical solar ozone response is discussed. Further understanding of solar processes requires improvement in the observations of the vertically varying and column integrated ozone.

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56

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Gravitational spreading controls rift zones and flank instability on El Hierro, Canary Islands (2006)

Münn, Sebastian ; Walter, T. R. ; Klügel, A.

Cambridge University Press

In: Geological Magazine, 143 (3). pp. 257-268.

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Publication Date: 2019-09-23

Description: Ocean island volcanoes frequently develop local rift zones associated with flank movement and flank collapses. The ocean island El Hierro grew by coalescence and collapse of three volcanic edifices, which are an elongated topographic ridge (the Southern Ridge) and two semi-circular volcanic cones (Ti˜nor volcano, El Golfo volcano). During edifice growth and volcano coalescence, eruption fissures nucleated into rift zones that developed a complex triangle pattern. In scaled analogue experimentswe could successfully reproduce the geometry of rift zones and unstable flanks as observed on El Hierro. The experimental results suggest that the rift configuration on El Hierro is the result of gravitational volcano spreading over deformable basal substrata, rather than of deep-seated magma updoming as thought previously. This paper elucidates the importance of the basal substratum and gravitational spreading, and the relationship to rifting and flank instability on El Hierro Island, and may help in understanding similar volcano architectures elsewhere.

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57

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Rapid invasion and ecological interactions of Diplosoma listerianum in the North Sea, UK (2008)

Vance, T. ; Lauterbach, L. ; Lenz, Mark ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Marine Biodiversity Records, 2 . e59.

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Publication Date: 2017-11-14

Description: This paper documents the arrival of Diplosoma listerianum into a habitat with no previously known history of the species. Once established, D. listerianum exploited rapid growth rates relative to the other fouling species present, to quickly become the dominant species in a local fouling assemblage. Most resident macrofoulers were out-competed for space and overgrown, although some resistance to overgrowth was demonstrated by the bryozoan Umbonula littoralis and the tunicate Ascidiella aspersa. In this instance, traits traditionally considered to be relevant for community resistance towards invasion, such as diversity, richness, dominant species identity and open space were not important in controlling the spread of D. listerianum

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58

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Lithospheric geometry of the Wopmay orogen from a Slave craton to Bear Province magnetotelluric transect (2009)

Spratt, J. E. ; Jones, A. G. ; Jackson, V. A. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 114 (B1). B01101.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: Two‐dimensional inversions of lithospheric‐probing magnetotelluric (MT) data at a total of 20 sites acquired along an approximately east–west 300‐km‐long profile across the Wopmay orogen in the Northwest Territories, Canada, provide electrical resistivity models of the boundary between the Archean Slave craton and the adjacent Proterozoic Bear Province. An analysis of distortion effects and structural dimensionality indicates that the MT responses are primarily one‐dimensional or only weakly two‐dimensional with a depth‐independent geoelectric strike angle of N32°E, consistent with regional structural geology. The regional‐scale model, generated from the longer period responses from all of the sites along the profile, reveals significant lateral variations in the lithospheric mantle. Resistive cratonic roots are imaged to depths of ∼200 km beneath both the Slave craton and the Hottah terrane of the Bear Province. These are separated by a less resistive region beneath the Great Bear magmatic zone, which is speculatively interpreted as a consequence of a decrease in the grain size of olivine in the Wopmay mantle, caused by localized shearing, compared to its neighboring cratonic roots. Focused two‐dimensional models, from higher frequency responses at sites on specific sections of the profile, reveal the resistivity structure at crustal depths beneath the region. These suggest that the root of the Slave craton crosses beneath the Wopmay orogen, and that the Wopmay fault zone does not penetrate into the lower crust. A comparison of these results with those obtained during the Lithoprobe project farther south shows striking along strike variations in the conductivity structure associated with the Wopmay orogen.

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59

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Hydroides dianthus (Polychaeta: Serpulidae), an alien species introduced into Tokyo Bay, Japan (2009)

Link, Heike ; Nishi, E. ; Tanaka, K. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Marine Biodiversity Records, 2 . e87.

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Publication Date: 2019-02-27

Description: Calcareous tube polychaetes (family Serpulidae) are notorious biofoulers that are easily transported and introduced to allochthonous habitats. Here we report the recent introduction of Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873) to eastern Japan as its first occurrence in East Asia, probably from European or American coasts. Specimens had been found on artificial hard substrata together with congeners H. ezoensis, H. exaltatus and H. fusicolus in Tokyo Bay, Japan in 2006. The origin, vector, source of introduction and possible impact of H. dianthus on Japanese coasts is discussed from a perspective based on worldwide Hydroides transport.

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60

Unknown

Predictability of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation (2006)

Latif, Mojib ; Pohlmann, Holger ; Park, Wonsun

Cambridge University Press

In: In: Predictability of Weather and Climate. , ed. by Palmer, T. N. and Hagedorn, R. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 342-364. ISBN 0-521-84882-2

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Publication Date: 2012-02-29

Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed

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61

Unknown

Decadal-scale periodicities in the stratosphere associated with the solar cycle and the QBO (2008)

Smith, Anne K. ; Matthes, Katja

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113 (D5).

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Publication Date: 2020-07-24

Description: An interactive two-dimensional model is used to analyze the response of the stratosphere to the 11-year solar cycle in the presence of a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how the solar cycle response of stratospheric ozone and temperature diagnosed from model simulations depends on the QBO. The analyses show that (1) the simulated response to the solar flux when no QBO is imposed is very similar in different periods, despite differences in the magnitude and variability of the solar forcing; (2) the apparent solar response of temperature and ozone is modified by the presence of an imposed QBO; and (3) the impact of the QBO on the derived solar response is greatly reduced when the observed QBO forcing is replaced by an idealized sinusoidal forcing. The impact of the QBO on the solar cycle analysis is larger when only two solar cycles are analyzed but is not negligible even for analysis of four solar cycles. Differences in the QBO contribution account for most of the differences in analyses of separate 22-year periods. The statistical significance is not always a reliable indicator that the QBO effect has been separated.

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62

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Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing (2007)

Marsh, D. R. ; Garcia, R. R. ; Kinnison, D. E. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 112 (D23).

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Publication Date: 2020-07-23

Description: The NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3), is used to study the atmospheric response from the surface to the lower thermosphere to changes in solar and geomagnetic forcing over the 11-year solar cycle. WACCM3 is a general circulation model that incorporates interactive chemistry that solves for both neutral and ion species. Energy inputs include solar radiation and energetic particles, which vary significantly over the solar cycle. This paper presents a comparison of simulations for solar cycle maximum and solar cycle minimum conditions. Changes in composition and dynamical variables are clearly seen in the middle and upper atmosphere, and these in turn affect terms in the energy budget. Generally good agreement is found between the model response and that derived from satellite observations, although significant differences remain. A small but statistically significant response is predicted in tropospheric winds and temperatures which is consistent with signals observed in reanalysis data sets.

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63

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Dynamics of the middle atmosphere as simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3) (2008)

Richter, Jadwiga H. ; Sassi, Fabrizio ; Garcia, Rolando R. ; [et al.]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113 (D8).

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Publication Date: 2020-07-24

Description: The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3) is a state-of-the-art climate model extending from the Earth's surface to the lower thermosphere. In this paper we present a detailed climatology of the dynamics of the middle atmosphere as represented by WACCM3 at various horizontal resolutions and compare them to observations. In addition to the mean climatological fields, we examine in detail the middle atmospheric momentum budget as well as several lower and upper atmosphere coupling phenomena including stratospheric sudden warmings, the 2-day wave, and the migrating diurnal tide. We find that in large part, differences between WACCM3 and observations and the mean state of the model at various horizontal resolutions are related to gravity wave drag, which is parameterized in WACCM3 (and similar models). All three lower and upper atmosphere coupling processes examined show high sensitivity to the model's resolution.

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64

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Biological Studies of the Exploited Stock ofLoligo Forbesi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Azores (1982)

Martins, Helen Rost

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 62 (04). p. 799.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: Five hundred and twenty-eight specimens of Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, from landings in Horta, Faial, Azores, during the year 1 March 1980 to 28 February 1981, were tudied; 59·3 % were males, 40·7 % females. Of the males 80·2 % were sexually mature, of the females 91·6 %, both sexes showing the highest degree of maturity in spring and he lowest in autumn. The mean dorsal mantle length of the mature males was 56·5 cm, or females 33·5 cm. A weight-length relationship was calculated. he stomachs of 622 specimens were sampled, of which 306 contained food. The prey omponents were studied qualitatively. The main prey was fish (82·0%), of which 0·5 % were horse mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, this being the most important food rganism. Preliminary results of statolith readings are given.

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65

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Development of Cenozoic Abyssal Circulation South of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (1983)

Miller, Kenneth G. ; Tucholke, Brian E.

Plenum Press

In: In: Structure and Development of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge: New Methods and Concepts. , ed. by Bott, M. H. B. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 549-589.

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Publication Date: 2016-07-25

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

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66

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The Light Organs of Sepiola Atlantica and Spirula Spirula (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): Bacterial and Intrinsic Systems in The Order Sepioidea (1981)

Herring, Peter J. ; Clarke, Malcolm R. ; von Boletzky, S. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61 (04). pp. 901-916.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: Symbiotic luminous bacteria have been described in, and cultured from, a number of species offish and cephalopod. Indeed only in these two groups are extracellular luminous bacteria believed to be utilized as a source of light (see Buchner (1965) and Herring (1978) for references). Despite several earlier investigations of such symbioses in cephalopods the bacteria in these animals have not been adequately identified, nor has the extent of their role been clarified. The ultrastructural relationships between bacteria and the tissues of the squid accessory nidamental gland have been investigated in the non-luminous species Loligo pealei (Lesueur) (Bloodgood, 1977) and Sepia officinalis L. (Van den Branden et al. 1979) but no comparative work on luminous species has been undertaken apart from that on Heteroteuthis dispar (Rüppell), whose photophore does not contain typical luminous bacteria (Dilly & Herring, 1978; cf. Leisman, Cohn & Nealson, 1980). The order Sepioidea contains five families, among which are the two families Sepiolidae and Spirulidae. Though the presence of luminous bacteria is known in some sepiolids (as well as in certain loliginids (order Teuthoidea)) some doubt remains about the source of light in the photophore of Spirula spirula Hoyle. The steady luminescence of this species has prompted speculation that bacteria may be involved (Harvey, 1952). In this paper we compare the anatomy and ultrastructure of the photophores of both Sepiola and Spirula in order to clarify some of these problems.

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67

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Cephalopod Beaks from the Stomachs of Two Northern Bottlenosed Whales (Hyperoodon Ampullatus) (1980)

Clarke, Malcolm R. ; Kristensen, Thomas K.

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60 (01). p. 151.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: This is the first detailed analysis of cephalopod beaks from the stomach of a northern bottlenosed whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster, 1770). The digestive action of many predators barely affects the chitinous beaks of cephalopods and some cetaceans accumulate the beaks in considerable numbers in their stomachs. The present beaks are clean and unbroken. Identification of cephalopod beaks from stomachs of predators such as sperm whales (see Clarke, 1977), seals (Clarke & Trillmich, 1980) and albatrosses (Clarke, Croxall & Prince, 1980) throws considerable light on the biology and relative ecological importance of the species of cephalopods concerned as well as providing useful information on the diet of the predators.

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68

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Growth patterns within the molluscan shell: an overview (1980)

Lutz, Richard A. ; Rhoads, Donald C.

Plenum Press

In: In: Biological records of environmental change. , ed. by Rhoads, D. C. and Lutz, R. A. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 203-254. ISBN 0-306-40259-9

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Publication Date: 2019-04-30

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

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69

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Growth Patterns within the Molluscan Shell - An overview (1980)

Lutz, Richard A. ; Rhoads, Donald C.

Plenum Press

In: In: Skeletal growth of aquatic organisms: biological records of environmental change. , ed. by Rhoads, D. C. and Lutz, R. A. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 203-254. ISBN 0-306-40259-9

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Publication Date: 2019-07-01

Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed

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70

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Statoliths of one fossil and four living squids (Gonatidae: Cephalopoda) (1980)

Clarke, Malcolm R. ; Fitch, J. E. ; Kristensen, T. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60 (02). p. 329.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-16

Description: Cephalopod statoliths are paired calcareous stones which lie in cavities, the statocysts, within the skull. They have a form which, though variable, shows promise as a source of criteria for taxonomic and evolutionary studies. As a preliminary to more detailed studies, Clarke (1978) published a description of the form of a generalized teuthoid statolith, coined nomenclature for the various parts and gave a very brief survey of variation of statoliths within the living Cephalopoda. This nomenclature was used in a detailed description of fossilized teuthoid statoliths by Clarke & Fitch (1979). Here, descriptions of the statoliths of the living species Berryteuthis magister (Berry, 1913), Gonatopsis borealis Sasaki, 1923, Gonatopsis (Boreoteuthis) makko Okutani & Nemoto, 1964 and Gonatus fabricii (Lichtenstein, 1818) are given and the fossil Berryteuthis species described in outline by Clarke & Fitch (1979) is compared with B. magister. A statistical analysis of measurements of the statoliths of these five species has been made and the results are presented. This forms the first part of a general description of teuthoid statoliths and similar studies on the Ommastrephidae and the Loliginidae are in preparation.

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71

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Reproductive biology of the Patagonian bobtail squid, Semirossia patagonica (Sepiolidae: Rossiinae) in the south-west Atlantic (2008)

Önsoy, Bahadir ; Laptikhovsky, Vladimir ; Salman, Alp

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (5). pp. 1019-1023.

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Publication Date: 2021-08-30

Description: A total of 104 Semirossia patagonica were collected all over the Patagonian shelf between the depths of 47 and 295 m. Mature female size varied from 10 to 35 mm ML, mature male size was 16–32 mm. Potential fecundity ranged between 527–766 eggs in pre-spawning females, ripe egg size was 3.4–5.0 mm. The oviduct capacity probably was no more than 30 eggs. The maximum number of spermatophores in males was 229. Males transfer 2–19 spermatophores to females during copulation. The ovulation pattern is asynchronous, individual spawning is continuous. Reproduction occurs all year round. Semirossia patagonica is a south-west Atlantic ecological sibling of north-east Atlantic bobtail squids Sepiola spp. and Sepietta spp.

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72

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New data on spawning and bathymetric distribution of the Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi (2008)

Laptikhovsky, Vladimir

Cambridge University Press

In: Marine Biodiversity Records, 1 . Art.-Nr.: e50.

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Publication Date: 2021-09-06

Description: Recent scientific and commercial deepwater trawls provide evidence that the loliginid squid, Loligo gahi occurs much deeper than previously believed. Three immature and maturing squids were caught in two hauls between 528 and 626 m depth, exceeding the previous maximum recorded depth of 400 m. An L. gahi egg mass was found on the bottom attached to polychaete tube sampled from depths of 68–71 m. It represents a new spawning habitat, because before the species was known to spawn only in inshore kelp forests, well off the bottom, at depths 〈20 m.

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73

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Fossil argonauts (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopodida) from late Miocene siltstones of the Los Angeles Basin, California (2005)

Saul, Louella R. ; Stadum, Carol J.

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of Paleontology, 79 (3). pp. 520-531.

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Publication Date: 2021-08-26

Description: Fossilized argonaut egg cases have been recovered from marine siltstones of the late Miocene exposed around margins of the Los Angeles Basin, California. Low radial ribs on the thin, keelless, planispirally coiled egg cases suggest referring them to Mizuhobaris lepta new species. Occurrence of these egg cases in fine-grained Monterey Formation sediments with mesopelagic fish fossils, nannofossils, and Foraminifera indicate deposition in middle-to-upper bathyal depths. Argonaut egg cases have been described from Tertiary strata in Japan, New Zealand, Sumatra, and Europe, but this is the first report of fossilized argonaut egg cases from the Western Hemisphere. Secretion of egg cases by argonauts probably developed during the Paleogene as a solution to problems of spawning encountered by octopi as they acquired an epipelagic, open-ocean habitat. Shape and sculpture of the egg cases represent responses to hydrodynamics rather than an inheritance from or copying of ectocochliate cephalopods. The cases may provide the eggs with protection from ultraviolet radiation present in the argonauts' near-surface habitat.

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74

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Natural egg mass deposition by the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Gulf of California and characteristics of hatchlings and paralarvae (2008)

Staaf, Danna J. ; Camarillo-Coop, Susana ; Haddock, Steven H.D. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (4). pp. 759-770.

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Publication Date: 2021-08-23

Description: The jumbo or Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, is an important fisheries resource and a significant participant in regional ecologies as both predator and prey. It is the largest species in the oceanic squid family Ommastrephidae and has the largest known potential fecundity of any cephalopod, yet little is understood about its reproductive biology. We report the first discovery of a naturally deposited egg mass of Dosidicus gigas, as well as the first spawning of eggs in captivity. The egg mass was found in warm water (25–27°C) at a depth of 16 m and was far larger than the egg masses of any squid species previously reported. Eggs were embedded in a watery, gelatinous matrix and were individually surrounded by a unique envelope external to the chorion. This envelope was present in both wild and captive-spawned egg masses, but it was not present in artificially fertilized eggs. The wild egg mass appeared to be resistant to microbial infection, unlike the incomplete and damaged egg masses spawned in captivity, suggesting that the intact egg mass protects the eggs within. Chorion expansion was also more extensive in the wild egg mass. Hatchling behaviours included proboscis extension, chromatophore activity, and a range of swimming speeds that may allow them to exercise some control over their distribution in the wild.

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75

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What does a 2 degree celsius target mean for greenhouse gas concentrations? A brief analysis based on multi-gas emission pathways and several climate sensitivity uncertainty estimates (2006)

Meinshausen, M. ; Schellnhuber, H.

Cambridge University Press

In: Avoiding dangerous climate change

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart

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76

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Relationship between increases in global mean temperature and impacts on ecosystems, food production, water and socio-economic systems (2006)

Hare, B. ; Schellnhuber, H.

Cambridge University Press

In: Avoiding dangerous climate change

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

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77

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Global climate change: What can we learn from the past? (2006)

Rahmstorf, S.

Cambridge University Press

In: Multilevel governance of global environmental change. Perspectives from science, sociology and the law

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

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78

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Habitability of super-Earths: Gliese 581c & 581d (2008)

von Bloh, W. ; Bounama, C. ; Cuntz, M. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2007)

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject

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79

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Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change (2007)

Schneider, S. ; Semenov, S. ; Patwardhan, A. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

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80

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Multi-gas emission pathways for meeting the EU 2 degree celsius climate target (2006)

den Elzen, M. ; Meinshausen, M. ; Schellnhuber, H.

Cambridge University Press

In: Avoiding dangerous climate change

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

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81

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Detecting change in river flow series (2005)

Kundzewicz, Z. ; Robson, A.

Cambridge University Press

In: Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics | International hydrology series

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

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82

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Comparison of different ridge formation models of Arctic Sea ice with observations from laser profiling (2006)

Martin, Torge

International Glaciological Society | Cambridge University Press

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Publication Date: 2024-01-07

Description: Sea ice deforms under convergent and Shear motion, causing rafting and ridging. This results in thicker ice than could be formed by thermodynamic growth only. Three different approaches to Simulating the formation of pressure ridges in a dynamic–thermodynamic continuum model are considered. They are compared with and evaluated by airborne laser profiles of the Sea-ice Surface roughness. The respective characteristic of each of the three ridging Schemes is (1) a prognostic equation for deformation energy from which ridge parameters are derived; (2) a redistribution function, Shifting ice between two categories, level and ridged, combined with a Monte Carlo Simulation for ridge parameters; and (3) prognostic equations for ridge density and height, resulting in the formation of ridged-ice volume. The model results Show that the ridge density is typically related to the State of ice motion, whereas the mean Sail height is related to the parent ice thickness. In general, all of the three models produce realistic distributions of ridges. Finally, the Second ridging Scheme is regarded as the most appropriate for climate modelling, while the third Scheme has advantages in Short-term Sea-ice forecasting.

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