ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (73)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
  • American Geophysical Union  (42)
  • AGU  (37)
  • Springer Nature
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2005-2009  (79)
  • 1980-1984
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gravity ‘‘steps’’ at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Instrumental effects or evidences of earthquake-triggered magma density changes? (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On two occasions, sudden gravity changes occurred simultaneously at two summit Etna’s stations, during local low-magnitude earthquakes. A systematic coupling between earthquakes inducing comparable maximum acceleration and displacement at the observation points and gravity steps is missing, implying (1) the non-instrumental nature of the steps and (2) the need for particular underlying conditions for the triggering mechanism(s) to activate. We review some of the volcanological processes that could induce fast underground mass redistributions, resulting in gravity changes at the surface. These processes involve bubbles and crystals present in the magma and require particular conditions in order to be effective as mass-redistributing processes. The gravity steps could be a geophysical evidence of the dynamical stress transfer between tectonic and magmatic systems at a local scale. Given the implications that these transfers may have on the volcanic activity, routine volcano monitoring should include the observation of fast gravity changes.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02301
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravity step ; dynamical stress transfer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Deformation and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy): A lesson from 15 years of observations (2009)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanoes deform as a consequence of the rise and storage of magma; once magma reaches a critical pressure, an eruption occurs. However, how the edifice deformation relates to its eruptive behavior is poorly known. Here, we produce a joint interpretation of spaceborne InSAR deformation measurements and volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), between 1992 and 2006. We distinguish two volcano-tectonic behaviors. Between 1993 and 2000, Etna inflated with a starting deformation rate of 1 cm yr 1 that progressively reduced with time, nearly vanishing between 1998 and 2000; moreover, low-eruptive rate summit eruptions occurred, punctuated by lava fountains. Between 2001 and 2005, Etna deflated, feeding higher-eruptive rate flank eruptions, along with large displacements of the entire East-flank. These two behaviors, we suggest, result from the higher rate of magma stored between 1993 and June 2001, which triggered the emplacement of the dike responsible for the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. Our results clearly show that the joint interpretation of volcano deformation and stored magma rates may be crucial in identifying impending volcanic eruptions.
    Description: This work was partly funded by INGV and the Italian DPC and was supported by ASI, the Preview Project and CRdC-AMRA. DPC-INGV Flank project providing the funds for the publication fees.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: deformation ; eruptions ; Mt. Etna ; eruptive cycle ; InSAR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mt. Etna Volcano Laboratory (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we describe the experiences and results gained in the use of tiltmeters at Mt. Etna during the last twenty years. The tilt data represent a fundamental contribution to understanding of volcanic phenomena. Moreover, the tilt played an important role in analytic modelling, of the sources linked to the most important recent lateral eruptions. The tilt data also provided evidence of co-seismic variations for higher energy and shallower seismic events. We also discuss the marked variations that often occur over the entire volcano edifice without being associated with seismicity or eruptive activity. This work also analyses and discusses experiments conducted to verify the limitations of shallow borehole sensors. The main causes of noise are the thermo-elastic effects on the ground and the spurious effects on the sensor due to temperature variations. To this end, results of recent experiments to verify the theoretical filtering of thermal noise at depth and to examine the real thermal coefficients of the sensors through a patented instrument are discussed. Finally, results obtained from signal recordings, applied theoretical studies, experiments performed and technological advances have recently suggested new horizons for tilt monitoring through the development of innovative instrumentation. We describe the application of new technology for the detection of tilt by a long base fluid tiltmeter, installed in 1997, which is able to record very stable, high precision signals with very low noise, thus allowing more detailed investigation of the different phases of volcanic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tiltmeter ; Modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Low-frequency seismic signals recorded by OBS at Stromboli volcano (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Five three-component broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) were deployed on the seafloor around the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea). By comparing OBSs digital seismograms, we found a low-frequency seismicity recorded only at OBS05, the nearest seafloor station to Stromboli volcano. This seismicity appears in the form of a continuous seismic signal (tremor-like-signal) as well as a considerable number of shock-like events. We focused on recordings from OBS05 to verify their correlation with Stromboli volcanic activity. From the spectral analysis, we observed low-frequency events (LP events), superposed upon the continuous background noise (tremor). LP events and tremor, showing similar energy fluctuations and frequency content, appear to be produced by the same dynamic processes. We interpret this low-frequency seismicity as probably originating from a continuous uprising of gas bubbles from the deeper part of the Stromboli magmatic column. This could highlight the existence of a deeper source for low-frequency seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: L04305
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano-seismology ; low-frequency events ; tremor ; OBSs ; Stromboli (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The 2007 Stromboli eruption: event chronology and effusion rates using thermal infrared data (2009)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union. Further reproduction or electronic distribution is not permitted.
    Description: Using thermal infrared images recorded by a permanent thermal camera network maintained on Stromboli volcano (Italy), together with satellite and helicopter-based thermal image surveys, we have compiled a chronology of the events and processes occurring before and during Stromboli’s 2007 effusive eruption. These digital data also allow us to calculate the effusion rates and lava volumes erupted during the effusive episode. At the onset of the 2007 eruption, two parallel eruptive fissures developed within the North East crater, eventually breaching the NE flank of the summit cone and extending along the eastern margin of the Sciara del Fuoco. These fed a main effusive vent at 400 m a.s.l. to feed lava flows that extended to the sea. The effusive eruption was punctuated, on 15 March, by a paroxysm with features similar to the 5 April paroxysm that occurred during the 2002-03 effusive eruption. A total of between 3.2 x 106 m3 and 11 x 106 m3 of lava was erupted during the 2007 eruption over 34 days of effusive activity. More than half of this volume was emplaced during the first 5.5 days of the eruption. Although the 2007 effusive eruption had a comparable erupted volume to the previous (2002-03) effusive eruption, it had a shorter duration and thus a mean output rate (= total volume divided by eruption duration) that was one order of magnitude greater than the 2002-03 event (~2.4 m3 s-1 compared with 0.32±0.28 m3 s-1). In this paper, we discuss similarities and differences between these two effusive events, and interpret the processes occurring in 2007 in terms of the recent dynamics witnessed at Stromboli.
    Description: This paper was partially supported by a grant to S. Calvari (Project INGV-DPC Paroxysm V2/03, 2008-2010) funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and by the Italian Civil Protection. Satellite-based effusion rate work by A. Steffke and A. Harris was supported by NASA grant NNG04GO64G "New Tools for Advanced Hot Spot Tracking".
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Thermal mapping ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigation into magma degassing at Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: We report the first combined measurements of the composition and flux of gas emitted from Nyiragongo volcano by ground-based remote-sensing techniques. Ultraviolet spectroscopic measurements made in May/June 2005 and January 2006 indicate average SO2 emission rates of 38 kg s−1 and 23 kg s−1, respectively. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements obtained in May/June 2005, January 2006, and June 2007 indicate average molar proportions of 70, 24, 4.6, 0.87, 0.26, 0.11, and 0.0016% for H2O, CO2, SO2, CO, HCl, HF, and OCS, respectively. The composition of the plume was remarkably similar in 2005, 2006, and 2007, with little temporal variation in proportions of CO2, SO2, and CO, in particular, on the scale of seconds or days or even between the three field campaigns that span a period of 24 months. This stability persisted despite a wide range of degassing behaviors on the surface of the summit crater's lava lake (including discrete strombolian bursts and lava fountains) and variations in the SO2 emission rate. We explain these observations by a regime of steady state degassing in which bubbles nucleate and ascend in chemical equilibrium with the convecting magma. Short-term (seconds to minutes) temporal fluctuations in the SO2–HCl–HF composition were observed, and these are attributed to shallow degassing processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q02017
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Nyiragongo ; volcanic gas emissions ; FTIR ; DOAS ; remote sensing ; spectroscopy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seismic Tomography Experiment at Italy's Stromboli Volcano (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: From 25 November to 2 December 2006, the first active seismic tomography experiment at Stromboli volcano was carried out with the cooperation of four Italian research institutions. Researchers on board the R/V Urania of the Italian National Council of Research (CNR), which was equipped with a battery of four 210- cubic- inch generated injection air guns (GI guns), fired more than 1500 offshore shots along profiles and rings around the volcano.
    Description: DPC/INGV agreement 2004-2006
    Description: Published
    Description: 269-270
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; seismic tomography ; air-gun ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal monitoring of hydrothermal activity by permanent infrared automatic stations: Results obtained at Solfatara di Pozzuoli, Campi Flegrei (Italy) (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A permanent automatic infrared (IR) station was installed at Solfatara crater, the most active zone of Campi Flegrei caldera. After a positive in situ calibration of the IR camera, we analyze 2175 thermal IR images of the same scene from 2004 to 2007. The scene includes a portion of the steam heated hot soils of Solfatara. The experiment was initiated to detect and quantify temperature changes of the shallow thermal structure of a quiescent volcano such as Solfatara over long periods. Ambient temperature results as the main parameter affecting IR temperatures while air humidity and rain control image quality. A geometric correction of the images was necessary to remove the effects of slow movement of the camera. After a suitable correction the images give a reliable and detailed picture of the temperature changes, over the period October 2004 – January 2007, which suggests origin of the changes were linked to anthropogenic activity, vegetation growth and to the increase of the flux of hydrothermal fluids in the area of the hottest fumaroles. Two positive temperature anomalies were registered after the occurrence of two seismic swarms which affected the hydrothermal system of Solfatara in October 2005 and October 2006. It is worth noting that these signs were detected in a system characterized by a low level of activity with respect to systems affected by real volcanic crisis where more spectacular results will be expected. Results of the experiment show that this kind of monitoring system can be a suitable tool for volcanic surveillance.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12206
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Termal Monitoring of Hydrothermal ; Activity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The changing face of Mount Etna’s summit area documented with Lidar technology (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Morphostructural data derived from Lidar (Light detection and ranging) surveys carried out on Mount Etna in 2005 and 2007 are compared with earlier aerophotogrammetric surveys in 1986 and 1998. These data render an unprecedentedly clear and quantitative image of morphostructural and volumetric changes that have affected the summit area of the volcano in the past two decades and permit the production of a new topographic map. The computed volume gain during the 1986–2007 period amounts to 112 ± 12 106 m3, at a mean annual rate of 5.3 106 m3. The comparison of the various surveys furthermore emphasizes the levels of accuracy and resolution of the different techniques applied. The Lidar technology used in 2007 allows production of high-precision maps in near-real-time, facilitating work concerning environmental hazards such as numerical simulations of, e.g., lava flows.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09305
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Lidar ; Etna ; morphostructural changes ; lava flows ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamics of Mt. Etna before, during and after the July - August 2001 eruption inferred from GPS and DInSAR data (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformation data from GPS and differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) techniques are analyzed to study the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption as well as the dynamics preceding and following this event. Five GPS surveys were carried out on the entire Mount Etna network or on its southeastern part, from July 2000 to October 2001. Five ERS-2 ascending passes and three descending ones are used to form five interferograms spanning periods from a month to 1 year, before and encompassing the eruption. Numerical and analytical inversions of the GPS and DInSAR data were performed to obtain analytical models for preeruptive, syneruptive and posteruptive periods. The deformation sources obtained were from the Mogi model: (1) pressure sources located beneath the upper western flank of the volcano, inflating before the eruption onset and deflating afterward; (2) tensile dislocations to model the intrusion of a N-S dike in the central part of the volcano; and (3) two sliding and two normal dislocations to model the eastern and southern flank dynamics. This study confirms that the lower vents of the eruption were fed by a magma stored at depth ranging from 9 to 4 km below sea level, as proposed from petrochemical and geophysical researches. The rising of the magma through the shallow crust started months before the eruption onset but accelerated on the last day; this study suggests that in the volcanic pile the path of the rising magma was driven by the volcano topography. The eastern sliding plane and the interaction between dike intrusion and flank instability have been better defined with respect to previous studies. The sliding motion abruptly accelerated with the dike intrusion, and this continued after the end of the eruption. The acceleration was accompanied by the propagation of the strain field toward the eastern periphery of the volcano.
    Description: We acknowledge the ‘‘Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia’’, the Italian ‘‘Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile’’ and the European Community (contract INGV-DPC UR V3_6/36 and VOLUME Project) for their economic contribution to this research. The SAR data are provided by ESA-ESRIN.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06405
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; GPS ; InSAR ; Mt. Etna ; Modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux on Mt. Etna:The 2004–2005 eruption and the role of regional tectonics and volcano tectonics. (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The soil CO2 flux on Mt. Etna as recorded by the ETNAGAS network (an automatic system for measuring soil CO2 flux and meteorological parameters) started to increase strongly about 5 months prior to the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption and decreased a few months before the end of the eruption. Time delays in the occurrences of anomalies in soil CO2 flux at different sites in the geochemical network constrain the relationship between soil CO2 flux distributions and the tectonic framework of Etna volcano. The anomalies observed before the 2004–2005 eruption support the intrusion of new undegassed magma into the upper feeding system of the volcano (〈20 km below sea level). Magma subsequently rose slowly in the volcano conduits, thereby triggering the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption. The time delays in the occurrences of anomalies in combination with spectral analysis indicate the importance of tectonic and volcanotectonic structures in driving the ascent of deep gases within the crust. Moreover, greatest amplitude pulsations of the low-frequency components of the CO2 flux signals were correlated with the paroxystic activities of the 2004–2005 eruption. This study confirms that CO2 flux variation is a useful indicator for volcanic activity in the surveillance of the Mt. Etna and similar basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Dipartimento Protezione Civile Ministero degli Interni
    Description: Published
    Description: B09206
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fluids Geochemistry of Stromboli (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An accurate description of the geochemical system is presented here based on a review of scientific work performed during the past decade. The surface manifestations of the volcanic system of Stromboli have been investigated using several measuring techniques. Studying the chemical composition of the volcanic plume and of fumarolic emissions has provided information on magma degassing processes. The total fluxes of the emitted gases from both the plume and the soil were found to vary with changes in volcanic activity (from normal Strombolian activity to effusive and/or paroxysmal activity). Thermal water results from the interaction between volcanic gases, host rock, seawater and meteoric water and temporal changes observed in the chemical and the isotopic composition of the gases dissolved into thermal waters highlighted the rising of new magma batches. Combining modelling of gas-water-rock interactions with an understanding of the volcanic system allowed to identify preferential sampling sites and parameters for the geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity at Stromboli Island.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 16
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Water geochemistry ; Volcanic surveillance ; Stromboli ; Gas geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The VOL-CALPUFF model for atmospheric ash dispersal: 1. Approach and physical formulation (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a new modeling tool, named VOL-CALPUFF, that is able to simulate the transient and three-dimensional transport and deposition of volcanic ash under the action of realistic meteorological and volcanological conditions throughout eruption duration. The new model derives from the CALPUFF System, a software program widely used in environmental applications of pollutant dispersion, that describes the dispersal process in both the proximal and distal regions and also in the presence of complex orography. The main novel feature of the model is its capability of coupling a Eulerian description of plume rise with a Lagrangian representation of ash dispersal described as a series of diffusing packets of particles or puffs. The model is also able to describe the multiparticle nature of the mixture as well as the tilting effects of the plume due to wind action. The dispersal dynamics and ash deposition are described by using refined orography-corrected meteorological data with a spatial resolution up to 1 km or less and a temporal step of 1 h. The modeling approach also keeps the execution time to a few minutes on common PCs, thus making VOL-CALPUFF a possible tool for the production of ash dispersal forecasts for hazard assessment. Besides the model formulation, this paper presents the type of outcomes produced by VOL-CALPUFF, shows the effect of main model parameters on results, and also anticipates the fundamental control of atmospheric conditions on the ash dispersal processes. In the companion paper, Barsotti and Neri present a first thorough application of VOL-CALPUFF to the simulation of a weak plume at Mount Etna (Italy) with the specific aim of comparing model predictions with independent observations.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03208
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic plume ; ash dispersal ; numerical modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fluid dynamics of the 1997 Boxing Day volcanic blast on Montserrat, West Indies (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Directed volcanic blasts are powerful explosions with a significant laterally directed component, which can generate devastating, high-energy pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Such blasts are an important class of eruptive phenomena, but quantified understanding of their dynamics and effects is still incomplete. Here we use 2-D and 3-D multiparticle thermofluid dynamic flow codes to examine a powerful volcanic blast that occurred on Montserrat in December 1997. On the basis of the simulations, we divide the blast into three phases: an initial burst phase that lasts roughly 5 s and involves rapid expansion of the gas-pyroclast mixture, a gravitational collapse phase that occurs when the erupted material fails to mix with sufficient air to form a buoyant column and thus collapses asymmetrically, and a PDC phase that is dominated by motion parallel to the ground surface and is influenced by topography. We vary key input parameters such as total gas energy and total solid mass to understand their influence on simulations, and we compare the simulations with independent field observations of damage and deposits, demonstrating that the models generally capture important large-scale features of the natural phenomenon. We also examine the 2-D and 3-D model results to estimate the flow Mach number and conclude that the range of damage sustained at villages on Montserrat can be reasonably explained by the spatial and temporal distribution of the dynamic pressure associated with subsonic PDCs.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03211
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Soufrière Hills Volcano ; blast, multiphase flow models ; dynamic pressure ; pyroclastic density currents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity: the 2007 Stromboli (Italy) eruption (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geochemical surveillance has been carried out at Stromboli since 1999 using discrete and continuous monitoring of thermal waters and soil degassing. On 27 February 2007 a new eruption began which lasted until 2 April; it was characterized by effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and also by a paroxistic event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity to refine the model developed previously and to improve our understanding of the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the volcano and geochemical variations. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic activity. The SO2 fluxes of the degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are herein presented. Furthermore, we propose a refined geochemical model of fluids circulation, including plume and summit fumarolic soil degassing. Noteworthy geochemical signals of volcanic unrest were also clearly identified (before, during and after the effusive activity) in the degassing plume as well as in the degassing from the soil at the summit.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, CA,USA
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Stromboli volcano ; SO2 Flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Total volatile flux from Mount Etna (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Total Volatile (TV) flux from Mount Etna volcano has been characterised for the first time, by summing the simultaneously-evaluated fluxes of the three main volcanogenic volatiles: H2O, CO2 and SO2.SO2 flux was determined by routine DOAS traverse measurements, while H2O and CO2 were evaluated by scaling MultiGAS-sensed H2O/SO2 and CO2/SO2 plume ratios to the UV-sensed SO2 flux. The time-averaged TV flux from Etna is evaluated at ~21,000 t∙day-1, with a large fraction accounted for by H2O(~13,000 t∙day-1). H2O dominates (≥70%) the volatile budget during syn-eruptive degassing, while CO2 and H2O contribute equally to the TV flux during passive degassing. The CO2 flux was observed to be particularly high prior to the 2006 eruption, suggesting that this parameter is a good candidate for eruption prediction at basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24302
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Active volcanoes ; Volcanic monitoring ; Gas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gas Flux Rate and Migration of the Magma Column (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 effusive eruption of Stromboli volcano represents an excellent opportunity to investigate the transition from effusive to explosive activity at an open-conduit basaltic system, when activity migrated from effusive vents, at the base of the craters, to summit explosions. The transition is investigated here through the analysis of very long period seismicity, delay times between infrasonic and thermal onsets of explosions, and SO2 flux recorded during a 1-year period. The synergy of the multiple geophysical observations points to a magma-driven migration of the magma column. Here the increased magma supply at the eruption onset lead to opening of effusive fissures, which draining the magma in the shallow conduit caused the decrease of the magma level. The decrease of the magma supply at the end of the effusion lead to sealing of effusive fissures, upraise of the magma level within the conduit, and reestablishment of explosive activity from the summit vents.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 11
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; SO2 Flux ; Magma column ; Infrasound ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Close temporal correspondence between geomagnetic anomalies and earthquakes during the 2002–2003 eruption of Etna volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The early stages of the 2002–2003 lateral eruption at Mount Etna were accompanied by slow changes (over some hours) and some rapid step offsets in the local magnetic field. At five monitoring locations, the total magnetic field intensity has been measured using continuously operating Overhauser magnetometers at a sampling rate of 10 s. The very unique aspect of these observations is the close temporal correspondence between magnetic field offsets and earthquakes that occurred in the upper northern flank of the volcano on 27 October 2002 prior to a primary eruption. Rapid coseismic changes of the magnetic field were clearly identified for three of the most energetic earthquakes, which were concentrated along the Northeast Rift at a depth of about 1 km below sea level. Coseismic magnetic signals, with amplitudes from 0.5 to 2.5 nT, have been detected for three of the largest seismic events located roughly midway between the magnetic stations. We quantitatively examine possible geophysical mechanisms, which could cause the magnetic anomalies. The comparison between magnetic data, seismicity and surface phenomena implies that piezomagnetic effects are the primary physical mechanism responsible for the observed magnetic anomalies although the detailed cause of the rapid high stress change required is not clear. The modeling of the observed coseismic magnetic changes in terms of piezomagnetic mechanism provides further evidence of the complex interaction between volcanic and tectonic processes during dike propagation along the Northeast Rift.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09103
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: piezomagnetism ; earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sliding episodes during the 2002–2003 Stromboli lava effusion: Insights from seismic, volcanic, and statistical data analysis (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Repeated phenomena of flank instability accompanied the 28 December 2002 to 21 July 2003 eruption of Stromboli volcano. The major episodes were two tsunamigenic landslides on 30 December 2002, 2 d after the volcano unrest. After 30 December, sliding processes remodeled the area affected by slope instability.We propose analyses of 565 sliding episodes taking place from December 2002 to February 2003.We try to shed light on their main seismic features and links with the ongoing seismic and volcanic activity using variogram analysis as well. A characterization of the seismic signals in the time and frequency domains is presented for 185 sliding episodes. Their frequency content is between 1 Hz and 7 Hz. On the basis of the dominant peaks and shape of the spectrum, we identify three subclasses of signals, one of which has significant energy below 2 Hz. Low-frequency signatures were also found in the seismic records of the landslides of 30 December, which affected the aerial and submarine northwestern flank of the volcano. Accordingly, we surmise that spectral analysis might provide evidence of sliding phenomena with submarine runouts.We find no evidence of sliding processes induced by earthquakes. Additionally, a negative statistical correlation between sliding episodes and explosion quakes is highlighted by variogram analysis. Variograms indicate a persistent behavior, memory, of the flank instability from 5 to 10 d.We interpret the climax in the occurrence rate of the sliding processes between 24 and 29 January 2003 as the result of favorable conditions to slope instability due to the emplacement of NW-SE aligned, dike-fed vents located near the scarp of the landslide area. Afterward, the stabilizing effect of the lava flows over the northwestern flank of the volcano limited erosive phenomena to the unstable, loose slope not covered by lava.
    Description: This work was supported financially by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile, project INGV-DPC V4/02.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q04022
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: rockfalls ; seismicity ; volcanoes ; volcano collapses ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Variation of H2O/CO2 and CO2/SO2 ratios of volcanic gases discharged by continuous degassing of Mount Etna volcano, Italy (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We applied the Multi-GAS technique to measure compositions of the volcanic plumes continuously discharged from summit craters of Voragine, Northeast and Bocca Nuova at Mount Etna, in an attempt to estimate compositions of the source volcanic gases. The estimated CO2/SO2 and H2O/CO2 ratios of the volcanic gases show a large variation ranging from 0.6 to 30 and from 1 to 18, respectively. This variability overlaps with the compositional range of dissolved volatiles in melt inclusions and their coexisting bubbles in a magma chamber and can be caused by the low-pressure degassing of a magma with variable bubble content ranging from 0.3 to 15 wt.%. The variable bubble content in the magma is likely a result of supply of deep-derived CO2-rich gas phase to the chamber and subsequent bubble-magma differentiation by bubble ascent in the magma chamber. In contrast, the variation of volcanic gas composition can also be caused by changes of degassing pressure (gas–magma separation pressure), ranging from 0 to 100 MPa, as a result of changes in the depth of the top of the convecting magma in volcanic conduits. Both mechanisms can cause similar compositional variations. However, the two mechanisms will result in contrasting correlations between the SO2 emission rates and the gas compositions that can be examined by parallel observations of the emission rates and compositions in the future.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09203
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Plume ; gas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The VOL-CALPUFF model for atmospheric ash dispersal: 2. Application to the weak Mount Etna plume of July 2001 (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Here the application of the VOL-CALPUFF model by Barsotti et al. to a weak plume erupted from Mount Etna in July 2001 is presented and discussed. The reconstruction of the explosive event was obtained by using high-resolution weather forecasts, produced by a mesoscale nonhydrostatic model, and volcanic source data coming from observations and analytical studies. The plume rise and atmospheric dispersal models were investigated over 5 d of eruption mostly in terms of column height, aerial ash concentration, and ground deposition. Modeling results are shown as a function of various source conditions and compared to independent observations derived from satellite images and deposit mapping. The application of VOL-CALPUFF clearly highlights the crucial role played by meteorological conditions in determining dispersal dynamics. Some of the most important effects described by the model are (1) the large wind field influence on the plume height determination and tilting, (2) the contrasting dispersal patterns of ash particles of different sizes, (3) the complex and somehow nonintuitive distribution of ash on the ground resulting in preferential directions of dispersal and quite irregular deposit patterns, and (4) the impossibility to reproduce both the column height and the deposit accumulation pattern by adopting a steady state vent mass flow rate over the investigated 4-d period due to observed temporal changes in eruption dynamics. Modeling results also suggest the need for further integration of simulation outcomes with remote sensing and field reconstructions on ash dispersal processes in future.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03209
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mount Etna 2001 eruption ; weak plume ; atmospheric effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide fluxes (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report the first measurements of volcanic gases with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data were collected at La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, during April 2007, with a helicopter UAV of 3 kg payload, carrying an ultraviolet spectrometer for remotely sensing the SO2 flux (8.5 Mg d 1), and an infrared spectrometer, and electrochemical sensor assembly for measuring the plume CO2/SO2 ratio; by multiplying these data we compute a CO2 flux of 170 Mg d 1. Given the deeper exsolution of carbon dioxide from magma, and its lower solubility in hydro-thermal systems, relative to SO2, the ability to remotely measure CO2 fluxes is significant, with promise to provide more profound geochemical insights, and earlier eruption forecasts, than possible with SO2 fluxes alone: the most ubiquitous current source of remotely sensed volcanic gas data.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06303
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Plume measurements ; carbon dioxide fluxes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mercury and halogen emissions from Masaya and Telica volcanoes, Nicaragua (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report measurements of Hg, SO2, and halogens (HCl, HBr, HI) in volcanic gases from Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, and gaseous SO2 and halogens from Telica volcano, Nicaragua. Mercury measurements were made with a Lumex 915+ portable mercury vapor analyzer and gold traps, while halogens, CO2 and S species were monitored with a portable multi gas sensor and filter packs. Lumex Hg concentrations in the plume were consistently above background and ranged up to 350 ng/m3. Hg/SO2 mass ratios measured with the real-time instruments ranged from 1.1*10-7 to 3.5*10-5 (mean 2*10-5). Total gaseous mercury TGM)concentrations measured by gold trap ranged from 100 to 225 ng/m3. Reactive gaseous mercury accounted for 1% of TGM, while particulate mercury was 5% of the TGM. Field measurements of Masaya’s SO2 flux, combined with the Hg/SO2 ratio, indicate a Hg flux from Masaya of 7.2 Mg/a-1. At Masaya’s low temperature fumaroles, Hg/CO2 mass ratios were consistently around 2*10-8, lower than observed in the main vent (Hg/CO2 10-7). Low-temperature fumarole Hg fluxes from Masaya are insignificant (150 g a-1). Ratios of S, C and halogen species were also measured at Masaya and Telica volcanoes. CO2/SO2 ratios at Masaya ranged from 2.8 to 3.9, comparable to previously published values. At Masaya molar Br/SO2 was 3*10-4 and I/SO2 was 2*10-5, suggesting fluxes of 0.2–0.5 Mg HBr d-1 and 0.02–0.05 Mg HI d-1. At Telica the Br/SO2 ratio was also 3*10-4 and the I/SO2 ratio was 5.8*10-5, with corresponding fluxes of 0.2 Mg HBr d-1 and 0.06 Mg HI d-1. Gases at both volcanoes are enriched in I relative to Br and Cl, compared to gases from volcanoes elsewhere.
    Description: This work was funded by NERC grant NE/ C511180/1/.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06203
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mercury ; Halogen ; Volcanic emissions ; Masaya volcano ; Telica volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    2002–2003 Lava Flow Eruption of Stromboli: A Contribution to Understanding Lava Discharge Mechanisms Using Periodic Digital Photogrammetry Surveys (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Photogrammetric surveys were performed between 5 January and 26 July 2003 for monitoring the NW flank of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) during the eruption of Stromboli that started on 28 December 2002. The collected data were used both for controlling morphological changes after the major landslide that occurred on 30 December 2002 and lava flow field evolution until the end of the eruption (22 July 2003). The latter objective was achieved by a quantitative analysis which allowed to estimate the total lava volume (12.51 × 106 m3) emplaced on the SdF slope corresponding to an eruption rate of about 0.69 m3/s. Thanks to the availability of multitemporal data set, which made this event the first well-documented and regularly surveyed Stromboli eruption, the cumulative volume and effusion rate trends were derived. A model for interpreting the behavior of the 2002–2003 Stromboli effusive eruption is also proposed: being the vents located very close to the volcano summit, a typical summit (terminal) basaltic lava flow eruption was expected; on the contrary, the observed effusion rate trend showed an initial peak followed by an exponential decline typical of flank (lateral) eruptions of basaltic volcanoes. We recognized in this trend a transition from a terminal (open conduit system) to a lateral (pressurized dike system) lava discharge followed by a longer period in which the elastic strain energy from the subvolcanic reservoir controlled the effusion rate; this effect counterbalanced the lava cooling at dike tip that tends to close the eruptive fissure causing the eruption end.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Digital photogrammetry survey ; lava disharge mechanism ; morphological changes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatial mapping of the b value at Mount Etna, Italy, using earthquake data recorded from 1999 to 2005 (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The spatial pattern of the b value of the frequency-magnitude relation has been analyzed using gridding techniques beneath Mount Etna, Italy. A regional data set of 2900 events with Md (duration magnitude) 1.5 up to 15 km depth occurring between August 1999 and December 2005 has been used. Two regions with an abnormally high b value have been found, one centered beneath the southern part of the Valle del Bove, above the 6 km below sea level (bsl) deep basement, and the other beneath the summit region 2 km bsl east of the Central Craters. We can infer that these high b value anomalies are regions of increased crack density, and/or high pore pressure, related to the presence of nearby magma storage. This interpretation is supported by all the available geophysical evidence, such as tomographic studies and geodetic deformation measurements. The data set has also been subdivided into five periods, corresponding to different phases of volcanic activity: 2001 preeruption, 2001 eruptive, 2002–2003 preeruption, 2002–2003 eruptive, and 2002–2003 posteruption. The minimum magnitude of completeness, Mc, and the b value were computed for each period. A volume of anomalously high b values can be observed in each of these periods (except for the 2002–2003 preeruption interval). This approach has allowed the detection of the transient presence of magmatic intrusions during the various periods evaluated.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12303
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: b value ; Mount Etna ; frequency-magnitude relation ; magmatic intrusions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Feeding system and magma storage beneath Mt. Etna as revealed by recent inflation/deflation cycles (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformation at Mt. Etna detected by three GPS surveys carried out in 2004, 2005, and 2006 is analyzed. The data set encompasses the 2004–2005 eruptions and foreruns those of 2006. A wide deflation of the entire volcano was detected from 2004 to 2005, accompanying the 2004–2005 eruption; conversely an evident inflation phase, from 2005 to 2006, followed this eruption and preceded the 2006 one. In both cases, the deflation-inflation cycle was accompanied by a continuous seaward motion of the eastern flank. We inverted both data sets (2004–2005 deflation and 2005–2006 inflation) using an optimization algorithm based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to detect the ground deformation sources. The wide contraction measured during the eruption reveals the drainage of a sill-shaped magma reservoir located by data inversions at a depth of about 4.5 km b.s.l. The pressurizing source modeled for the 2005–2006 time interval indicates a refilling of the shallower near-vertical plumbing system of the volcano. This could indicate a change in the geometry of the feeding system, active after the 2004–2005 eruption, with a new and shallower magma storage that could have enabled the resumption of volcanic activity that was observed at summit craters in 2006. These results improve the imaging of the plumbing system of Mt. Etna volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05406
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; GPS ; Genethic algorithms ; Modelong ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stromboli 2007 eruption: Deflation modeling to infer shallow-intermediate plumbing system. (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the effusive phase of the Stromboli 2007 eruption, the GPS and tilt stations recorded small but significant changes which, for the first time at this volcano, clearly indicated a deflation. We modeled the deflation, inferring a depressurizing vertically elongated source with centre under the volcano edifice about 2.8 km below sea level. The model, whose position is above the magma source region inferred by petrological studies, and the associated rapid deflation suggest a near free pathway for magma ascent from this source to the upper shallow conduit.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06311
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; 2007 eruption ; ground deformation ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ground deformation induced by geothermal processes: a model for La Fossa Crater (Vulcano Island, Italy) (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Since the last eruption in 1888-90, volcanic activity at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy) has been limited to fumarolic degassing, concentrated near the active cone of “La Fossa” crater in the northern sector of the island. During the period 1990-1996, EDM and levelling data indicate a deflation and contraction focused on the La Fossa Cone. We jointly inverted these datasets using for volume change both a spherical Mogi (1958) source and an ellipsoid as defined by Davis (1986). The best fitting source for the 1990-96 deflation is a shallow sub-vertical prolate ellipsoid positioned roughly under the crater. Our model is consistent with increased activity in a shallow hydrothermal system, supported by observations of water evaporation testified by the increase of steam emission and temperature at crater fumaroles. The fluid loss from a shallow geothermal reservoir is the most likely cause of the subsidence recorded at La Fossa Cone during the same period. This clear linkage between the deformation signals and hydrothermal activity, has important implications in the hazard assessment and monitoring of the Vulcano activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: B07402
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: modeling ; hydrothermal source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Link between major flank slip and 2002–2003 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Etna eruption is studied through earthquake distributions and surface fracturing. In September 2002, earthquake-induced surface rupture (sinistral offset 0.48 m) occurred along the E-W striking Pernicana Fault (PF), on the NE flank. In late October, a flank eruption accompanied further ( 0.77 m) surface rupturing, reaching a total sinistral offset of 1.25 m; the deformation then propagated for 18 km eastwards to the coastline (sinistral offset 0.03 m) and southwards, along the NW-SE striking Timpe (dextral offset 0.04 m) and, later, Trecastagni faults (dextral offset 0.035 m). Seismicity (〈4 km bsl) on the E flank accompanied surface fracturing: fault plane solutions indicate an overall ESEWNWextension direction, consistent with ESE slip of the E flank also revealed by ground fractures. A three-stage model of flank slip is proposed: inception (September earthquake), climax (accelerated slip and eruption) and propagation (E and S migration of the deformation).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2286
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcano seismology ; surface fracturing ; flank slip ; eruption ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanomagnetic Evidence of the Magmatic Intrusion on 13th May 2008 (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the onset of 2008 volcanic crisis at Mt Etna, the near-real time magnetic data provided a continuous updating of the volcano activity state on the northern flank. On the morning of 13th May 2008, significant local magnetic field changes marked the resumption of the eruptive activity characterized by the opening of a fracture field on the northern flank, and an eruptive fissure in the Valle del Bove. In agreement with the northward propagation of seismic events, magnetic signals at 5 stations in the summit area revealed a nearly NNW-SSE oriented magmatic intrusion, which started at about 9:00 GMT, propagated northward for about 2 km, and stopped at 14:00 GMT before reaching the North-East Rift. Magnetic variations, with amplitude ranging between 1.8 nT and -6.5 nT, are consistent with those calculated from piezomagnetic models, where stress-induced changes in rock magnetization are produced by the magmatic intrusion.
    Description: Published
    Description: L22301
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mt Etna ; volcano monitoring ; piezomagnetic field ; magmatic intrusion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gravity “steps” at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Instrumental effects or evidences of earthquake-triggered magma density changes? (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On two occasions, sudden gravity changes occurred simultaneously at two summit Etna’s stations, during local low-magnitude earthquakes. A systematic coupling between earthquakes inducing comparable maximum acceleration and displacement at the observation points and gravity steps is missing, implying (a) the non-instrumental nature of the steps and (b) the need for particular underlying conditions for the triggering mechanism(s) to activate. We review some of the volcanological processes that could induce fast underground mass redistributions, resulting in gravity changes at the surface. These processes involve bubbles and crystals present in the magma and require particular conditions in order to be effective as mass-redistributing processes. The gravity steps could be a geophysical evidence of the dynamical stress transfer between tectonic and magmatic systems at a local scale. Given the implications that these transfers may have on the volcanic activity, routine volcano monitoring should include the observation of fast gravity changes.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravity changes ; volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Scanning tomography of SO2 distribution in a volcanic gas plume (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two-dimensional cross sections of the sulphur dioxide (SO2) distribution in the volcanic gas plume of Mt. Etna were reconstructed using tomographic techniques. The data for these projections were generated by a network of five automated scanning spectrometers, positioned on the flanks of the volcano. These measure slant-column amounts of SO2 at 105 different angles, every four minutes. Stable wind conditions allow the plume to be monitored on 82% of days. A time-series of plume cross sections was computed, revealing the potential of this method to track variations in plume position and structure on timescales of minutes to hours, a result of potential importance for air traffic and civil defence in case of eruption, when copious amounts of fine ash can be transported.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17811
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tomography ; SO2 ; DOAS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The 5 April 2003 Explosion of Stromboli: Timing of Eruption Dynamics using Thermal Data (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Stromboli’s 5 April 2003 explosion sent an ash plume to 4 km and blocks to 2 km, representing one of the most powerful events over the last 100 years. A thermal sensor 450 m east of the vent and a helicopter-flown thermal camera captured the event dynamics allowing detailed reconstruction. This review links previous studies providing a complete collation and clarification of the actual event chronology, while showing how relatively inexpensive thermal sensors can be used to provide great insight into processes that cannot be observed from locations outside of the eruption cloud. The eruption progressed through four phases, comprised 29 discrete explosions and lasted 373 s. The opening phase (phase 1) comprised ~30 s of precursory ash emission, with stronger emission beginning after 17 s. This was abruptly terminated by the main blast of phase 2 which comprised emission of a rapidly expanding ash cloud followed, after 0.4 s, by a powerful jet with velocities of up to 320 m/s. A second explosive phase (phase 3) began 38 s later and involved ascent of a phoenix cloud and explosive emission above a lateral vent lasting 75 s. This was followed by a 175-s-long phase of weaker, pulsed emission. The eruption was terminated by a series of three explosions (phase 4) sending ash to ~600 m at velocities of 27-45 m/s and lasting 87 s. Together these results have shown that a low energy opening phase was followed by the highest energy phase. Each phase itself comprised groups of discrete explosions, with energy of the explosions diminishing during the two final phases.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: Thermal imaging ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanic and seismic activity at Stromboli preceding the 2002-03 eruption (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Regular surveys with a PM695 FLIR thermal imaging camera from both the ground and from helicopter were conducted on Stromboli from October 2001. These measurements allow us to (i) examine changes in morphology of the summit craters produced by paroxystic explosions and (ii) track the increasing level of magma within the conduits of Stromboli that preceded and led to the 2002/03 effusive eruption. Two geophysical surveys in May and September/October 2002 demonstrated a clear increasing trend in the amplitude of VLP events, consistent with the presence of a higher magma column above the VLP source region. The observed increase in magma level was probably induced by an increase in the pressure of the magma feeding system at Stromboli, controlled by regional tectonic stress. The increased magma level induced strain on the uppermost part of the crater terrace, allowing an increase in soil permeability and therefore CO2 and Radon degassing. Eventually this stress caused the northeast flank of the craters to fracture, allowing lava to flood out at high effusion rates on 28th December. Regular surveys with the thermal imaging camera, combined with geophysical monitoring, are an invaluable addition to the armory of volcanologists attempting to follow the evolution of activity on active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: Thermal imaging ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The eruptive activity of 28 and 29 December 2002 (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: At 18:20 of 28 December 2002 an eruptive vent opened on the NE flank of the Sciara del Fuoco at 600 m asl, marking the onset of the 2002-2003 eruptive crisis of Stromboli volcano. The first eruptive hours were characterized by mild spattering and effusive activity from the new vent and the summit vent at crater 1. Gravitational instability processes also determined the partial collapse of NE walls of the summit cone (crater 1). Pyroclastic material partly accumulated on the NE part of the Sciara, and partly flowed down slope and reached the sea at Spiaggia dei Gabbiani forming a ~ 4m-thick, reddish avalanche, that was soon covered by a lava flow emitted in the following hours (Lodato et al., 2007). In this paper, we describe the first hours of activity trough eyewitnesses’ reports, geophysical monitoring, field and laboratory studies and of the erupted pyroclastic material and lava flows. Daily temperature measurements were carried out on the avalanche deposit formed by the flow of scoria along the Sciara, using a handheld thermal camera mainly during helicopter surveys. A fast cooling rate was typical of the deposit surface, and a slow cooling rate was representative of its inner portion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: Thermal imaging ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evolution of the lava flow field by daily thermal and visible airborne surveys (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: On 28 December 2002, an effusive flank eruption started at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, 15 Italy). This lasted until 22 July 2003 and produced two lava flow fields that were emplaced onto the 16 steep slopes of Sciara del Fuoco. The first flow field was fed by a vent that opened at 500 m 17 elevation and was active between 30 December 2002 and 15 February 2003. The second was 18 supplied by a vent at 670 m and was emplaced mainly between 15 February and 22 July 2003. Here 19 we review the lava flow field emplacement based on daily thermal and visual surveys. The variable 20 slopes on which the lava flowed yielded an uncommon flow field morphology. This resulted in a 21 lava shield in the proximal area where flow stacking and inflation caused piling up of lava due to the 22 relatively flat ground. The proximal area was characterized by a complex network of tumuli and 23 tube-fed flows associated. The medial-distal lava flow field was emplaced on an extremely steep 24 zone. This area showed persistent flow front crumbling, producing a debris field on which emplaced 25 lava flows formed lava channels with excavated debris levées. This eruption provided an exceptional 26 opportunity to examine the evolution of lava flow fields emplaced on steep slopes, and proved the 27 usefulness of thermal imagers for safe and efficient monitoring of the active lava flows. In addition, thermal monitoring allowed calculation of quantitative parameters, such as effusion rate, allowing constraint of the time varying nature of supply to this eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: thermal imaging ; stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn and CO2 emissions in soil and fumarole gases on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for gas transport and shallow ground fracture (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity and of CO2 flux in soil and fumaroles were carried out on Mount Etna volcano in 2005–2006, both in its summit area and along active faults on its flanks. We observe an empirical relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 efflux. The higher the flux of CO2, the lower the ratio between 220Rn and 222Rn. Deep sources of gas are characterized by high 222Rn activity and high CO2 efflux, whereas shallow sources are indicated by high 220Rn activity and relatively low CO2 efflux. Excess 220Rn highlights sites of ongoing shallow rock fracturing that could be affected by collapse, as in the case of the rim of an active vent. Depletion both in 220Rn and in CO2 seems to be representative of residual degassing along recently active eruptive vents.
    Description: This work was funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (S.G., M.N.) and by the Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile (Italy), projects V3_6/28-Etna (M.N.) and V5/08-Diffuse degassing in Italy (S.G.), and NSF EAR 063824101 (K.W.W.S.).
    Description: Published
    Description: Q10001
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: radon ; thoron ; carbon dioxide ; rock stress ; gas transport ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The 5 April 2003 paroxysm at Stromboli: a review of geochemical observations (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-01
    Description: This paper reviews the published geochemical variations observed during the 2002–2003 eruption at Stromboli volcano. At the end of 2002, a new eruption began at Stromboli with a lava flow that lasted until the end of July 2003. On 5 April 2003 an explosive paroxysm occurred with the ejection of bombs that reached the village of Ginostra, about 4 km from the craters. During the eruption, specific variations in chemical composition of ground waters and summit fumaroles were recorded before the explosion, most of them for the first time. The water pH decreased significantly (0.5 units) and the dissolved CO2 increased in two thermal wells (Cusolito and Zurro) located near Stromboli harbor from March until 5 April. Peaks in the dissolved He were also observed at all the sampling sites. All of these changes in the thermal aquifer suggested a pressurization of the system due to the degassing of a volatile-rich magma at depth. In the summit area the SO2/HCl and SO2/HF ratios in the plume increased suddenly between 1 and 3 April due to the degassing of an S-rich magma that was approaching the shallow levels of the plumbing system, and this was involved in the explosion that occurred a few days later. This eruption was the first at Stromboli to be analyzed using geochemical models. The variations observed in the basal aquifer and in the summit area occurred on very different timescales: a few weeks and few days, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: 347-358
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: paroxysm ; geochemical observations ; monitoring ; plume ; thermal aquifer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals:An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy. (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real-time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best-fitting solution is conducted over a three-dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green’s functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best-fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2-min-long record. The procedure is applied to post-processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real-time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano
    Description: Published
    Description: L04301
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1736327 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Imaging composite dike propagation (Etna, 2002 case) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Late on the night of 26 October 2002, a dike intrusion started suddenly at Mount Etna, producing intense explosive activity and lava effusion on the southern flank. Five to six hours afterward, a long field of eruptive fractures propagated radially along the northeastern flank of the volcano, producing marked variations at the permanent tilt network. The dike propagation velocity was inferred by the associated seismicity. We modeled the temporal evolution of the continuously recorded tilt data, both during the vertical dike propagation on the high south flank on 26 October and during the radial propagation along the northeast flank, between 27 and 28 October. The reproduction of the recorded tilt signal allowed us to describe the geometry and characteristics of the two dikes in greater detail than the previous static inversion. We deduced that the eruption was characterized by an unusual composite mechanism, clearly showing a transition from a nearly pure opening mode displacement to a mechanism characterized by an equally strong normal dip-slip component and a smaller left lateral strike-slip component. In this study we demonstrate the interaction between the final segment of the dike and a preexisting structure that was reactivated in response to the intrusion. We show that tilt and its modeling represent a powerful tool to verify and constrain dike intrusions in detail.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06404,
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3184806 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Contemporary total dissolved gas pressure and soil temperature anomalies recorded at Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Soil temperature and total dissolved gas pressure(TDGP) data were recorded by two continuous monitoring stations on the volcano of Stromboli (Italy) between March and October 2006. During this period several TDGP and soil temperature anomalies, unrelated to external causes and characterized by a similar shape and occurrence time, were recorded. These anomalies were interpreted as transients due to changes in the degassing regime of the volcano,which was in turn related to changes in the partition ratio of the volcanic fluidsbetweenthe conduitandthe soil. In thesame period Stromboli experienced an anomalous phase of volcanic and tectonic activity. The close correlation found between volcano-tectonic activity and variations in anomalousmonitored parameters suggests that their continuous monitoring may be a useful tool for the surveillance of volcanic activity on the island.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08301
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Dissolved gases ; Soil temperature ; Total dissolved gas pressure ; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Real-time simultaneous detection of volcanic Hg and SO2 at La Fossa Crater Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Measuring Hg/SO2 ratios in volcanic emissions is essential for better apportioning the volcanic contribution to the global Hg atmospheric cycle. Here, we report the first real-time simultaneous measurement Hg and SO2 in a volcanic plume, based on Lumex and MultiGAS techniques, respectively. We demonstrate that the use of these novel techniques allows the measurements of Hg/SO2 ratios with a far better time resolution than possible with more conventional methods. The Hg/SO2 ratios in the plume of F0 fumarole on La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island spanned an order of magnitude over a 30 minute monitoring period, but was on average in qualitative agreement with the Hg/SO2 ratio directly measured in the fumarole (mean plume and fumarole ratios being 1.09 x 10-6 and 2.9 x 10-6, respectively). The factor 2 difference between plume and fumarole compositions provides evidence for fast Hg chemical processing the plume.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21307
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mercury ; Fumarolic condensates ; Volcanic emissions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Correlated increase in CO2 fumarolic content and diffuse emission from La Fossa crater (Vulcano, Italy): Evidence of volcanic unrest or increasing gas release from a stationary deep magma body? (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The peculiarity of the quiescent La Fossa volcano is the occurrence of ‘‘crises’’ characterized by strong increases of fumarole T and output and by chemical changes indicative of an increasing input of magmatic fluids. Several surveys carried out during a new ‘‘crisis’’ began in November 2004 indicate that the total diffuse CO2 emission for the crater area increases by one order of magnitude during crises (up to 1600 ton d 1 in December 2005). Concern exists on the possibility that these crises be related to an unrest process leading to eruption. The repetition along decades of the same gas compositional variations during crises, their temporal coincidence with increases of the local shallow seismicity, and the lack of any significant ground motion, rather suggest that they correspond to moments of increasing volatile release from a stationary magma system.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1580524 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Relationship between tremor and volcanic activity during the Southeast Crater eruption on Mount Etna in early 2000 (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Southeast Crater of Mount Etna (Italy) was characterized by a violent eruptive activity between 26 January and 24 June 2000. This activity produced 64 lava fountain episodes with repose periods from 3 hours to 10 days. We estimated a volume of about 15–20 106 m3 lava and at least 2–3 106 m3 of tephra. We compared the paroxysmal volcanic activity to its associated seismic signature: The high number of events highlighted a strict correlation between tremor and volcanic activity. Seismic and volcanic characteristics, such as the frequency of occurrence, the duration of lava fountains and the associated tremor energy, suggested the subdivision of the studied period into two stages separated by the 20 February event. Combining volcanic with seismic data, we observed some useful relationships among lava fountain height, sustained column height and Reduced Displacement; in addition, we found that the entire episode was well correlated with the duration of the amplitude increase. Computing the tremor energy linked to each event, the total energy associated with lava fountains episodes results in 76% of the energy released during the whole period. Finally, the different ratios among the overall spectral amplitude of the seismic signals of the stations located at different altitudes suggested to us the elaboration of a simple qualitative model to explain the dynamic behavior of the tremor source during the whole episode.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; lava fountain ; volcanic tremor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1210256 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Continuous soil radon monitoring during the July 2006 Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Continuous soil radon monitoring was carried out near the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna during the 10-day July 2006 Strombolian-effusive eruption. This signal was compared with simultaneously acquired volcanic tremor and thermal radiance data. The onset of explosive activity and a lava fountaining episode were preceded by some hours with increases in radon soil emission by 4–5 orders of magnitude, which we interpret as precursors. Minor changes in eruptive behavior did not produce significant variations in the monitored parameters. The remarkably high radon concentrations we observed are unprecedented in the literature. We interpret peaks in radon activity as due primarily to microfracturing of uranium-bearing rock. These observations suggest that radon measurements in the summit area of Etna are strongly controlled by the state of stress within the volcano and demonstrate the usefulness of radon data acquisition before and during eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 251334 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The July-August 2000 seismic swarms at Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Italy (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two swarms of microearthquakes (ML ≤ 2.2), occurred on July 2-7 and August 22, 2000 at Campi Flegrei, accompained by a ground uplift episode (4 cm) which interrupted on early March 2000 the descending trend started on 1985. Spectral analysis indicates a direct involvement of magmatic/hydrothermal fluids in the source process of the July swarm, while the August events are typical of shear failure, similar to most of the earthquakes that occurred during the last (1982-1984) bradyseismic crisis. Precise 3-D relative location applied to similar earthquakes allows for the recognition of two parallel alignments trending NE-SW at depths of 1.7 and 3.2 Km. This trend is consistent with the direction of the main focal plane obtained from fault plane solutions and evidences tensile failure in close proximity to the zone of maximum uplift as depicted by geodetic measurements. A fault weakening mechanism triggered by increasing pore pressure is invoked as the cause of these earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2525-2528
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; seismic swarm ; earthquakes locations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Best-fit results from application of a thermo-rheological model for channelized lava flow to high spatial resolution morphological data (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The FLOWGO thermo-rheological model links heat loss, core cooling, crystallization, rheology and flow dynamics for lava flowing in a channel. We fit this model to laser altimeter (LIDAR) derived channel width data, as well as effusion rate and flow velocity measurements, to produce a best-fit prediction of thermal and rheological conditions for lava flowing in a ~1.6 km long channel active on Mt. Etna (Italy) on 16th September 2004. Using, as a starting condition for the model, the mean channel width over the first 100 m (6 m) and a depth of 1 m we obtain an initial velocity and instantaneous effusion rate of 0.3–0.6 m/s and ~3 m3/s, respectively. This compares with field- and LIDAR-derived values of 0.4 m/s and 1–4 m3/s. The best fit between model-output and LIDAR-measured channel widths comes from a hybrid run in which the proximal section of the channel is characterised by poorly insulated flow and the medial-distal section by well-insulated flow. This best-fit model implies that flow conditions evolve down-channel, where hot crusts on a free flowing channel maximise heat losses across the proximal section, whereas thick, stable, mature crusts of ′a′a clinker reduce heat losses across the medial-distal section. This results in core cooling per unit distance that decreases from ~0.02–0.015°C m−1 across the proximal section, to ~0.005°C m−1 across the medial-distal section. This produces an increase in core viscosity from ~3800 Pa s at the vent to ~8000 Pa s across the distal section.
    Description: Published
    Description: L01301
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Kava Channel ; LIDAR ; thermal modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Advances in the Study of Volcanic Ash (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Every month, small-scale explosive volcanic eruptions inject more than a million cubic meters of ash into Earth’s atmosphere [Simkin and Siebert, 2000]. Of all the troubles caused by this relatively mild volcanic activity, ashfall is by far the longest-reaching one, mantling the volcano slopes and surroundings with a slippery, heavy, unhealthy, and snow-like but Sun-resistant cover. Volcanic ash is composed of pyroclasts (fragments generated and emplaced by explosive eruptions) smaller than 2 millimeters, which are easily transported by wind and have a high surface-to-volume ratio. These same features, however, also allow safe collection of the ash away from the volcano. Such pyroclasts bear the signature of the fragmentation and dispersal processes they have experienced during eruption and transport. Thus, volcanic ash provides sample material well suited for studying quasi time correlated eruption dynamics [Taddeucci et al., 2002]. Here we illustrate how current research projects funded by the Italian Department for Civil Protection combine new sampling, analytical, and experimental techniques to maximize the extraction of useful information from basaltic volcanic ash.
    Description: Published
    Description: 253–260
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanic ; ash ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Composite ground deformation pattern forerunning the 2004–2005 Mount Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: After the end of the 2002–2003 eruption, Mount Etna activity was characterized only by gentle degassing at the summit craters and some earthquake swarms. Suddenly, an eruption started on 7 September 2004 in complete absence of summit crater volcanic activity, seismicity or seismic tremor, and ground deformation. This is the first time that magma poured out passively without preeruptive and coeruptive volcanic and/or geophysical phenomena. The primary key to understanding this event is represented by the ground deformation pattern recorded through GPS measurements during the year before the eruption. The ground deformation shows inflation superimposed by a predominant eastward movement of the eastern sector at a rate never observed before in a noneruptive period. The images from satellite radar interferometry confirmed this pattern. The deformation field clearly shows that the maximum tension in the eastern sector of the volcano caused the opening of the eruptive fracture which favored the silent pouring out of already resident magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12207
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 869388 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence for fluid migration as the source of deformation at Campi Flegrei (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We model the location, geometry and density of the source of the recent geological unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) by inverting levelling, trilateration and gravity measurements collected between 1980 and 1995. The best fitting source for the 1980–84 inflation is a horizontal penny-shaped crack with a density 142 to 1115 kg/m3. The source best fitting the deflation period (1990–95) is a vertical spheroid with density between 902 and 1015 kg/m3. These results exclude the intrusion of magma, and indicate the migration of fluid to and from the caldera hydrothermal system as the cause of ground deformation and consequent unrest.
    Description: Published
    Description: L01307
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 455230 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seismological insight into the kinematics of the 5 April 2003 vulcanian explosion at Stromboli volcano (southern Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 April 2003 at 07:13 GMT (09:13 local time) a violent vulcanian explosion occurred at Stromboli volcano. At the time of the event an eruptive crisis was ongoing at the volcano with a lava flow outpouring along the Sciara del Fuoco flank. The seismic signals related to the event were recorded by 8 permanent broadband stations and gives information about the eruption kinematics. An ultra-longperiod signal (period 〉 20 s), that we interpret as the effect of the ground tilt on the broadband sensors, starts about 4 min before and terminates about 1 min after the explosion. On the basis of the radial pattern of tilt directions we conclude that this signal is the effect of the deformation of the volcanic edifice, due to the rapid rising of a batch of magma, its ejection and the magma column readjustment. About 1 min before the explosion we observe an high frequency signal (period 〈 0.1 s) that we believe to be related to the vesiculation of the rising batch of gas-rich magma. At 07:13:35 GMT a powerful very-long-period signal (period 2 20 s), marking the onset of the explosive fragmentation, is recorded. This is confirmed by a blast wave following few seconds later. The remaining seismic signal (more than 3 min), shows an higher frequency content being related only to the fall of ballistic ejecta and to landslides along Sciara del Fuoco.We propose the implementation of an early warning system for the short-term forecast of such explosions, based on the real-time automatic detection of the tilt signals preceding such events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08308
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 773734 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magma uprising and flank dynamics on Mount Etna volcano, studied using GPS data (1994–1995) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformation occurring on Mount Etna from 1994 to 1995 is analyzed in this paper. This period was characterized by intense volcanic activity at the four summit craters, with frequent strombolian activity, fire fountains, and emplacement of several new lava flows. Four GPS surveys were carried out during this time, two as routinely planned each year and an additional two in 1995 to acquire more data to follow the activity at the NE Crater. The comparisons between GPS surveys are reported in terms of horizontal and vertical displacements of each station and in terms of areal dilatation and principal strain axes. During the period considered in this work, a trend of increasing areal dilatation of the volcano (at a rate of about 5 mstrain/yr) was recognized; it was briefly interrupted by a small contraction (about 2 mstrain), in the autumn of 1995, when volcanic activity at the summit craters began. In detail, the strain distribution of the network is analyzed; it allows the detection of areas showing anomalous behavior, such as the summit zone or the Pernicana fault. Inversions of the ground displacement vectors have been performed by appropriately combining numerical and analytical approaches. Results of the inversions suggest structures defining an eastward and southward sliding of the eastern and southeastern sectors of Mount Etna.
    Description: CNR-GNV "Empedocle" ESA-ESRIN project
    Description: Published
    Description: 2153
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; Ground deformation ; modeling ; Flank instability ; Mt. Etna ; Volcano dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermo-rheological magma control on the impact of highly fluid lava flows at Mt. Nyiragongo (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-29
    Description: In January 2002 Mount Nyiragongo erupted foiditic lavas that covered the Southern volcano flank devastating vast urban areas. Lava flows originated from vents at different heights on the eruptive fissure displayed different velocities, from tens of km/h at the highest vents to slow-advance (0.1–1 km/h) in Goma town several km away from the volcano. To understand the different behavior of lava flows and their threat to the local population, we undertook a multidisciplinary study involving textural and rheological measurements and numerical simulations of heat transfer during magma ascent. We demonstrate that pre-eruptive cooling and syn-eruptive undercooling of magma determined the different rheological behavior of lava flows erupted from vents at diverse heights. Venting at lower altitudes is expected to produce viscous, slowly advancing lavas, although development of fluid, faster flows should be included among possible future eruptive scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06301
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Nyiragongo volcano ; textural and rheological measurements ; numerical simulations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Real-time measurement of volcanic H2S and SO2 concentrations by UV spectroscopy (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Sulphur speciation in volcanic gases acts as a major redox buffer, and H2S/SO2 ratios represent a valuable indicator of magmatic conditions and interactions between magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. However, measurement of H2S/SO2 even by direct sampling techniques, is not straightforward. We report here on application of a small ultraviolet spectrometer for real-time field measurement of H2S and SO2 concentrations, using open-path and extractive configurations. The device was tested at fumaroles on Solfatara and Vulcano, Italy, in November 2002. H2S concentrations of up to 220ppmm(400 ppmv) were measured directly above the Bocca Grande fumarole at Solfatara, and H2S/SO2 molar ratios of 2 and 2.4, respectively, were determined for the ‘F11’ and ‘F0’ fumaroles at Vulcano. In comparison with other optical techniques capable of multiple volcanic gas measurements, such as laser and FTIR spectroscopy, this approach is considerably simpler and cheaper, with the potential for autonomous, sustained hightime resolution operation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1652
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Remote monitoring ; Plume chemistry ; sulphur species ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 124998 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Terminal settling velocity measurements of volcanic ash during the 2002-2003 Etna eruption by an X-band microwave rain gauge disdrometer (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: This is the first report in the scientific literature of direct measurement of the terminal settling velocity of volcanic particles during an eruption. Field measurements using a continuous wave X-band disdrometer were carried out at Mt. Etna on 18 and 19 December 2002, when the explosive activity produced a 4 km high volcanic plume. These data allow the estimation of the intensity of the fallout and the measurement of the terminal settling velocities of the volcanic particles in real-time. The main results are: (1) the tested instrument detected coherent falling volcanic particles from 0.2 to 1 mm diameter; (2) measured terminal settling velocities were in agreement with both experimental and theoretical methods; (3) however, the measured velocities were clustered around few discrete values, rather than a range of velocities as would be expected if the particles were falling simultaneously and discretely. This new methodology has many new applications for local hazard mitigation and improved understanding of fallout processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-5
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcanology: Explosive volcanism ; Volcanology: Remote sensing of volcanoes ; Volcanology: Instruments and techniques ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 163670 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magmatic gas leakage at Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy): relationships with the volcano-tectonic structures, the hydrological pattern and the eruptive activity (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we provide a review of chemical and isotopic data gathered over the last three decades on Etna volcano's fluid emissions and we present a synthetic framework of their spatial and temporal relationships with the volcano-tectonic structures, groundwater circulation and eruptive activity. We show that the chemistry, intensity and spatial distribution of gas exhalations are strongly controlled by the main volcano-tectonic fault systems. The emission of mantle-derived magmatic volatiles, supplied by deep to shallow degassing of alkali-hawaiitic basalts, persistently occurs through the central conduits, producing a huge volcanic plume. The magmatic derivation of the hot gases is verified by their He, C and S isotopic ratios. Colder but widespread emanations of magma-derived CO2 and He also occur through the flanks of the volcano and through aquifers, mainly concentrated within two sectors of the south-southwest (Paternò-Belpasso) and eastern (Zafferana) flanks. In these two peripheral areas, characterized by intense local seismicity and gravity highs, magma-derived CO2 and helium are variably diluted by shallower crustal-derived fluids (organically-derived carbon, radiogenic helium). Thermal and geochemical anomalies recorded in groundwaters and soil gases within these two areas prior to the 1991-1993 eruption are consistent with an input of hot fluids released by ascending magma. Magmatic fluids interacted with the shallow aquifers, modifying their physico-chemical conditions, and led to strong variations of the soil CO2 flux. In addition to routine survey of the crater plume emissions, geochemical monitoring of remote soil gases and groundwaters may thus contribute to forecasting Etna's eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 129-145
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Geochemical surveillance ; Groundwaters ; Volcanic gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Format: 2755693 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    S, Cl and F degassing as an indicator of volcanic dynamics: The 2001 eruption of Mount Etna (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent eruption of Mount Etna (July 2001) offered the opportunity to analyze magma-derived volatiles emitted during preand syn-eruptive phases, and to verify whether their composition is affected by changes in volcanic dynamics. This paper presents the results of analyses of F, Cl and S in the volcanic plume collected by filter-packs, and interprets variations in the composition based on contrasting solubility in magmas. A Rayleigh-type degassing mechanism was used to fit the acquired data and to estimate Henryâ s solubility constant ratios in Etnean basalt. This model provided insights into the dynamics of the volcano. Abundances of sulfur and halogens in eruptive plumes may help predict the temporal evolution of an ongoing effusive eruption.
    Description: -Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1559
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: magmatic degassing ; acidic gases ; plume chemistry ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 275912 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Intercomparison of volcanic gas monitoring methodologies performed on Vulcano Island, Italy (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic gas emissions from fumaroles on the rim of La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Italy, were measured simultaneously using direct sampling (for H2O, CO2, total sulfur, HCl and HF), filter packs (for SO2, HCl, HF) and short-path active-mode FTIR measurements (for H2O, CO2,SO2, HCl and HF) in an intercomparison study in May 2002. The results show that Cl/F ratios were in good agreement between all three methods, and that FTIR and direct sampling determined comparable proportions of CO2 and H2O. Amounts of total S observed in direct sampling data were approximately double the amounts of SO2 measured with filter packs and FTIR. This difference could be attributed either to the fact FTIR and filter packs do not measure reduced sulfur species (e.g., H2S) or to sublimation of elemental S upon exit from the fumarole, after collection by direct sampling but before detection with FTIR and filter packs.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02610
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcanic gas techniques ; gas geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 434088 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High-precision locations of the microseismicity preceding the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To recognize possible signals of intrusive processes leading to the last 2002–2003 flank eruption at Mt. Etna, we analyzed the spatial pattern of microseismicity between August 2001 and October 2002 and calculated 23 fault plane solutions (FPSs) for shocks with magnitude greater than 2.5. By applying the double-difference approach of Waldhauser and Ellsworth [2000] on 3D locations, we found that most of the scattered epicentral locations further collapse in roughly linear features. High-precision locations evidenced a distribution of earthquakes along two main alignments, oriented NE-SW to ENE-WSW and NW-SE, matching well both with the known tectonic and volcanic lineaments of Etna and FPSs results. Moreover, microseismicity and swarms located along the NNW-SSE volcano-genetic trend suggest, together with geodetic data and volcanological evidence that progressive magma refilling has occurred since February 2002.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Earthquake dynamics and mechanics ; Seismology: Earthquake parameters ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring ; Volcanology: Magma migration. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 1909477 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The shallow plumbing system of Stromboli Island as imaged from 1 Hz instantaneous GPS positions (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) erupted suddenly on 28 December 2002 after a 17-year period of typically persistent but moderate eruptive activity, followed two days later by a tsunamigenic landslide on its NW flank (Sciara del Fuoco) felt in the coastal areas of southern Italy. Three continuous GPS stations were quickly deployed near the volcano's rim sampling at 1 Hz, with instantaneous positions computed relative to a fourth station on its flank. We report on two deformation episodes. A vent migration on 16–17 February 2003 caused significant displacements at only one site and contributed to the decision not to issue a warning of an impending tsunamigenic landslide. The second episode on 5 April 2003, a paroxystic explosion from the summit crater, allowed us to model, for the first time with geodetic data, the shallow magma chambers that give rise to Strombolian explosive activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mathematical Geophysics: Modeling ; Tectonophysics: Physics of magma and magma bodies ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 269915 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paroxysmal summit activity at Mt. Etna (Italy) monitored through continuous soil radon measurements (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Soil radon emissions have been proved as a useful tool for predicting earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and furthermore aided in determining the location of active faults. Continuous radon monitoring was carried out near Southeast Crater of Mt. Etna in September–November 1998, during a period of frequent eruptive episodes at that crater. Radon anomalies were detected when eruptive episodes and the accompanying volcanic tremor became increasingly intense: no anomalies in radon activity were observed during the first five, and weaker, eruptive episodes, whereas significant spikes in radon activity preceded the latter five episodes by ≥46 hours. This probably reflects increased gas leakage through fractures intersecting the shallow plumbing system, as gas pressure in the Southeast Crater conduit became higher with time. Radon monitoring thus might serve to better understand eruptive mechanisms and possible precursors, making further studies in this field a promising perspective.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Structural Geology: Role of fluids ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanology: Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 152534 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chronology and complex volcanic processes during the 2002–2003 flank eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy) reconstructed from direct observations and surveys with a handheld thermal camera (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Effusive activity at Stromboli is uncommon, and the 2002–2003 flank eruption gave us the opportunity to observe and analyze a number of complex volcanic processes. In particular, the use of a handheld thermal camera during the eruption allowed us to monitor the volcano even in difficult weather and operating conditions. Regular helicopter-borne surveys with the thermal camera throughout the eruption have significantly improved (1) mapping of active lava flows; (2) detection of new cracks, landslide scars, and obstructions forming within and on the flanks of active craters; (3) observation of active lava flow field features, such as location of new vents, tube systems, tumuli, and hornitos; (4) identification of active vent migration along the Sciara del Fuoco; (5) monitoring of crater's inner morphology and maximum temperature, revealing magma level changes within the feeding conduit; and (6) detection of lava flow field endogenous growth. Additionally, a new system developed by A. J. L. Harris and others has been applied to our thermal data, allowing daily calculation of effusion rate. These observations give us new insights on the mechanisms controlling the volcanic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-23
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcano monitoring ; thermal mapping ; flank eruption ; Stromboli volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 1426995 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Emission of bromine and iodine from Mount Etna volcano (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Constraining fluxes of volcanic bromine and iodine to the atmosphere is important given the significant role these species play in ozone depletion. However, very few such measurements have been made hitherto, such that global volcanic fluxes are poorly constrained. Here we extend the data set of volcanic Br and I degassing by reporting the first measurements of bromine and iodine emissions from Mount Etna. These data were obtained using filter packs and contemporaneous ultraviolet spectroscopic SO2 flux measurements, resulting in time-averaged emission rates of 0.7 kt yr 1 and 0.01 kt yr 1 for Br and I, respectively, from April to October 2004, from which we estimate global Br and I fluxes of order 13 (range, 3â 40) and 0.11 (range, 0.04â 6.6) kt yr 1. Observed changes in plume composition highlight the coherent geochemical behavior of HCl, HF, HBr, and HI during magmatic degassing, and strong fractionation of these species with respect to SO2.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q08008
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: bromine and iodine in volcanic gases ; halogen atmospheric chemistry ; volcanic degassing ; volcanic plumes ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 242159 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A PTFE membrane for the in situ extraction of dissolved gases in natural waters: Theory and applications (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new method for extracting dissolved gases in natural waters has been developed and tested, both in the laboratory and in the field. The sampling device consists of a polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) tube (waterproof and gas permeable) sealed at one end and connected to a glass sample holder at the other end. The device is pre-evacuated and subsequently dipped in water, where the dissolved gases permeate through the PTFE tube until the pressure inside the system reaches equilibrium. A theoretical model describing the time variation in partial gas pressure inside a sampling device has been elaborated, combining the mass balance and ‘‘Solution-Diffusion Model’’ which describes the gas permeation process through a PTFE membrane). This theoretical model was used to predict the temporal evolution of the partial pressure of each gas species in the sampling device. The model was validated by numerous laboratory tests. The method was applied to the groundwater of Vulcano Island (southern Italy). The results suggest that the new sampling device could easily extract the dissolved gases from water in order to determine their chemical and isotopic composition.
    Description: - European Social Fund.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q09005
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: dissolved gases ; helium isotope ; PTFE membrane ; Vulcano Island ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 446781 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Accurate measurement of volcanic SO2 flux: Determination of plume transport speed and integrated SO2 concentration with a single device (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground-based measurements of volcanic sulfur dioxide fluxes are important indicators of volcanic activity, with application in hazard assessment, and understanding the impacts of volcanic emissions upon the environment and climate. These data are obtained by making traverses underneath the volcanic plume a few kilometers from source with an ultraviolet spectrometer, measuring integrated SO2 concentrations across the plume’s cross section, and multiplying by the plume’s transport speed. However, plume velocities are usually derived from ground-based anemometers, located many kilometers from the traverse route and hundreds of meters below plume altitude, complicating the experimental design and introducing large flux (can be 〉100%) errors. Here we present the first report of a single instrument capable of (accurate) volcanic SO2 flux measurements. This device records integrated SO2 concentrations and plume heights during traverses. Between traverses, two in-plume SO2 time series are measured from underneath the plume with the instrument, corresponding to zenith and inclined (user-specified angle from vertical in the direction of the volcano) fields of view, respectively. The distance between the points of intersection of the two views with the plume is found on the basis of the determined plume height, and the two signals are cross-correlated to determine the lag between them, enabling accurate derivation of the wind speed. We present flux data (with errors ±12%) obtained in this way at Mt. Etna during July 2004.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q02003
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: DOAS ; volcanic SO2 emissions. ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 185006 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanic plume monitoring at Mount Etna by diffusive (passive) sampling (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper reports the use of diffusive tubes in determining HF, HCl, and SO2 in the volcanic plume of Mount Etna in an attempt to highlight the potential of this method in studying volcanoes. In a first application a network of 18 diffusive tubes was installed on Etna flanks, aimed at evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of the volcanic plume on a local scale. Results showed a monotonic decrease in volatile air concentrations with distance from the craters (HF from 0.15 to 〈0.003 mmol m3, HCl from 2 to 〈0.01 mmol m3, and SO2 from 11 to 0.04 mmol m3), revealing the prevalently volcanic contribution. Matching of SO2/HCl and HCl/HF volatile ratios with contemporaneous measurements at the summit craters validated the use of diffusive tubes in tracing the chemical features of a volcanic plume from remote locations. A first tentative assessment of dry deposition rates of volcanogenic acidic gases was also made, yielding 2.5 74 t d1 (SO2), 0.6 17 t d1 (HCl), and 0.02 0.6 t d1 (HF) and revealing the potential environmental impact of gas emissions. In a second experiment, carried out during the recent October 2002 to February 2003 eruption of Etna, diffusive tubes provided a continuous record of the chemical composition of the eruptive plume from a safe distance of 1 km from the vents, thus considerably decreasing the risks involved in sampling. This highlighted a clear time decrease in SO2 concentrations and SO2/HCl ratios, which was interpreted as due to progressive exhaustion of volatile degassing and eruption energy.
    Description: Published
    Description: D21308
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcanic plumes ; impact of volcanic emissions ; sulfur and halogens chemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 597469 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The 2002–2003 eruption of Stromboli (Italy): Evaluation of the volcanic activity by means of continuous monitoring of soil temperature, CO2 flux, and meteorological parameters (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: From December 2002 to July 2003, Stromboli volcano was characterized by a new effusive stage of eruption after a period of extraordinary strombolian activity. Signals recorded in two continuous monitoring stations during the eruption, which have already been presented in very recent papers, evidenced anomalies in the CO2 flux just before the onset of the eruption. A more detailed analysis carried out on the data subset acquired during the eruption, integrated by daily field observations of the scientific personnel working at the volcanological observatory in Stromboli, showed that CO2 flux and soil temperature are strictly related to volcanic events. Furthermore, the relative minima and maxima of the two parameters showed a strong correlation with wind speed and direction. This fact was especially true at the summit station, whereas at the coastal sites seasonal and meteorological effects masked the volcanic signal. The analysis of the wind data, particularly the relationships between wind speed and direction, air and soil temperature, and local circulation of atmospheric air masses revealed that during the eruption, in the summit area of Stromboli air movements were not only related to atmospheric circulation but were also significantly affected, and in certain cases caused, by volcanic activity. This conclusion was reached by observing several anomalies, such as the discrepancies in the wind direction between the two stations, higher air temperatures at the summit site, and inversion of direction for wind before and after the reopening of the conduit in a major explosion on 5 April 2003. The relationships found between volcanic activity, soil temperatures, CO2 fluxes, and wind speed and direction indicate that soil temperature measurements, in an open conduit volcano such as in this case, could be used to monitor the level of volcanic activity, along with CO2 flux. Furthermore, the possible volcanic origin of a peculiar type of air circulation identified in the summit area of Stromboli suggests that the separation between volcanic and atmospheric signals might not be obvious, requiring monitoring over a wide area, rather than a single location.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12001
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: carbon dioxide flux ; continuous monitoring ; soil temperature ; wind ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 2636190 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geochemical precursors of the activity of an open-conduit volcano: The Stromboli 2002-2003 eruptive events (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Marked increases of CO2, H2 and He dissolved in thermal waters and changes in the dissolved carbon isotopic composition, were observed at Stromboli before the 28 December 2002 eruption and before a violent explosive paroxysm occurred on 5 April 2003. High anomalous CO2 flux values were recorded at the crater rim since a week before the eruption onset. The first anomalies in the thermal waters (dissolved CO2 amount) appeared some months before the eruption, when magma column rose at a very high level in the conduit. High peaks of dissolved H2 and He were recorded a few days before the paroxysm. Carbon isotopic composition indicates a magmatic origin of the dissolved CO2 whose increase, together with those of H2 and He, is attributed to an increasing output of deep gases likely produced by depressurization of a rising batch of a deep gas-rich magma, whose fragments have been emitted during the explosion.
    Description: Italian Civil Protection
    Description: Published
    Description: L07620
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Stromboli ; geochemical precursors ; CO2 flux ; pH ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 190819 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamics of 2004–2005 Mt. Etna effusive eruption as inferred from petrologic monitoring (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: From early September to early November, during the 2004–2005 Mt. Etna effusive eruption, petrologic monitoring was enabled by near-vent sampling of erupting lava and onsite SEM-EDS capabilities at INGV-CT. Significant differences in composition and temperature of lava erupted from 2920–2620 m and 2820–2320 m vents, attest to variably evolved shallow magmatic conditions within a geometrically complex storage volume. The petrography and glass compositions of water-quenched samples indicate that the magma feeding the 2004–2005 activity was likely to have been stored in the shallow plumbing system during the 2000 and 2001 activity, where it experienced volatile loss and extensive crystallization. Both geophysical and petrologic data suggest that this eruption was not triggered by the intrusion of a new dike from depth, but it was more likely that existing shallow magma reservoirs were passively mobilized and erupted in response to edifice deformation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-5
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mineralogy and Petrology: Petrography, microstructures, and textures ; Mineralogy and Petrology: Igneous petrology ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 155221 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The performance of a newly-developed portable gas analyzer, capable of real-time measurement of CO2, SO2 and H2S concentrations in volcanic gases, was tested at La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island. The gas analyzer was used to acquire about 3000 determinations over the fumarolic field, allowing the definition of its chemical structure and heterogeneity. Our high-resolution analysis reveals that, in December 2004, the La Fossa fumarolic field was characterized by an oxidized inner core (SO2/H2S ratios of 3), and by more reducing conditions on its northern edge (SO2/H2S ratios of 1; range: 0.2–3.3). CO2/(SO2+H2S) molar ratios averaged 35 ± 21, with overlapping compositions for rim and inner crater fumaroles. S-poor compositions (CO2/(SO2+H2S) 50) characterized the field margins, probably due to deposition of native sulfur. Based on the above data and an SO2 flux of 18 ± 3 t.d-1, we estimate CO2 and H2S output rates from the volcano of 420 ± 250 and 4 ± 2 t.d-1, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13309
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: electrochemical sensors ; fumarolic gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 253439 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Shallow intrusive processes during 2002–2004 and current volcanic activity on Mt. Etna (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The understanding of shallow intrusive processes during 2002–2004, as well as the causes of the volcano-tectonic seismicity, has been improved at Mt. Etna by comparing the inversion results from GPS data with accurate 3D hypocentral locations. Our findings indicate that short periods of deflation (about six months) were followed by recharging phases after the end of both the 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions. During the last recharging phase (June 2003–August 2004), modeling results and seismic observations suggest a composite mechanism of re-injection of magma into the rift-zones (S and NE), similar to that leading to the 2002–2003 flank eruption, which could have triggered the summit eruption started on September 7, 2004.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcanology: Magma migration and fragmentation ; Seismology: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; Seismology: Seismicity and tectonics ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 868891 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seismological evidence of stress induced by dike injection during the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A selected dataset of 151 events, leading the July 17–August 9, 2001 lateral eruption at Mt. Etna volcano, has been analyzed for three-dimensional hypocenter locations, focal mechanisms and stress tensor inversions. The seismic pattern provided indications for two main spatial clusters of foci located along and eastwards of the 2001 Mt. Etna eruptive fractures system. The 151 fault plane solutions (mostly strike slip) were inverted for stress tensor parameters, and space variations of seismogenic stress orientations have been identified. The stress inversion results and the axi-symmetric orientation of P-axes, in the region surrounding the modeled dike, well support the evidence of a unique stress source in agreement with the ground deformation results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms ; Volcanology: Magma migration ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 2920311 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Etna 2004–2005: An archetype for geodynamically-controlled effusive eruptions (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2004–05 eruption of Etna was characterised by outpouring of degassed lava from two vents within Valle del Bove. After three months of eruption lava volumes were estimated to be between 18.5 and 32 × 106 m3, with eruption rate between 2.3 and 4.1 m3/s. Petrological analyses show that magma is resident in the shallow plumbing system, emplaced during the last South-East Crater activity. SO2 flux data show no increase at the onset of the eruption and SO2/HCl ratios in gas emitted from the eruptive fissure are consistent with a degassed magma. No seismic activity was recorded prior to eruption, unlike eruptions observed since the 1980's. The purely effusive nature of this eruption, fed by a degassed, resident magma and the fracture dynamics suggest that magmatic overpressure played a limited role in this eruption. Rather, lateral spreading of Etna's eastern flank combined with general inflation of the edifice triggered a geodynamically-controlled eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcanology: Effusive volcanism ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; Volcanology: General or miscellaneous ; Tectonophysics: Tectonics and magmatism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 626609 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Feedback processes between magmatic events and flank movement at Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002-2003 eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Mount Etna eruption and the associated deformation provide a unique possibility to study the relationships between volcanism and volcano instability. The sequence started with movement of the eastern volcano flank and was associated with earthquakes and the formation of surface ruptures. Then the eruption occurred from fissures at the north and south rift zones and was followed by additional flank movement, seismic swarms, and surface ruptures. The overall area of flank movement implicated more than 700 km2. In this paper we investigate how episodes of magmatic events (eruptions and intrusions) and flank movement interact. In three-dimensional numerical models we simulate the volcano-tectonic events and calculate changes in the static stress field. The models suggest that the 2002–2003 events are the result of interrelated processes consisting of (1) the preeruptive intrusion of magma and inflation of the volcano, which induced (2) the movement of the volcano east flank, (3) facilitated the eruption, and (4) led to the slip of a much larger part of the eastern and southeastern flanks. Understanding the precise interconnectivity of these processes may help to forecast the behavior during future volcanic crisis at Mount Etna, which is crucial in minimizing volcanic and seismic hazards on the highly populated eastern sector of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-12
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; flank instability ; volcano deformation ; volcano-tectonic interaction ; elastic stress field modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 2262915 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Anomalous magmatic degassing prior to the 5th April 2003 paroxysm on Stromboli (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A major explosion occurred at Stromboli on April 5 2003, being the most powerful event over a period of exceptional eruptive activity lasting from December to July. Here, we describe results from a network of diffusive tubes set up on the Stromboli’s summit area, aimed at a characterisation of plume composition (SO2, HCl, HF) prior to and after April 5. Data analysis revealed anomalous sulphur degassing 2–3 days before the event, when SO2/HCl ratios (9) significantly higher than those typical of quiescent degassing (1) were recorded. We interpret this exceptional plume signature as an evidence of S-rich magmas ascending in the shallow plumbing system, and propose high SO2/HCl as a potential precursor of major explosions on the volcano. The post-April 5 phase was characterised by time-decreasing SO2/HCl and SO2/HF plume ratios, ascribed to declining magma feeding as a prelude to restoration of ‘‘normal’’ Strombolian activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: L14607
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: magmatic degassing ; paroxysm ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 258508 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence of a recent input of magmatic gases into the quiescent volcanic edifice of Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 2nd/3rd November 2002, a huge amount of gas, mainly composed of CO2, was suddenly released from the sea bottom off the coast of Panarea, producing a ‘‘crater’’20 by 10 meters wide and 7 meters deep. The gas output was estimated to be 109 l/d, two orders of magnitude higher than that measured in the 1980s. The anomalous degassing rate lasted for some weeks, slowly decreasing to an almost constant rate of about 4 x 107 l/d after two months. The geothermo- barometric estimations revealed an increase of both the temperature and pressure in the geothermal system feeding the sampled vents. The 3He/4He ratios were similar to those measured in nearby Stromboli. We have monitored the area for the last two decades, and based on our intensive and extensive geochemical measurements, have ascertained that the geothermal reservoir has lost its steady state. We maintain that a new magmatic input caused these phenomena.
    Description: - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy. - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. - Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, Palermo, Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: L07619
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Submarine degassing ; magmatic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3123251 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence of deep magma degassing and ascent by geochemistry of peripheral gas emissions at Mount Etna (Italy): Assessment of the magmatic reservoir pressure (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Five gas discharges in the area of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) and in the near Hyblean plateau have been monitored since 1996. All the emissions displayed low contributions from crustal fluids, whereas magmatic gases were the main component. Selective dissolution of these gases into hydrothermal aquifers has been recognized and modeled, allowing us to calculate the original composition of the magma-released gases. The inferred composition of the magmatic gases exhibits synchronous variations of He/Ne and He/CO2 ratios, which are coherent with the magma degassing process. On the basis of numerical simulations of volatile degassing from Etnean basalts we have computed the initial and final pressures of the magma batches feeding the emissions. We thus can define the levels of the Etna plumbing system where magmas are stored. Pressure values were around 360 and 160 MPa for initial and final stages, respectively, meaning related depths of about 10 and 3 km below sea level, matching those obtained by geophysical investigations for the deep and shallow magma reservoirs. In addition, we have been able to recognize episodes of magma migration from the deeper reservoir toward the shallow one. An important magma injection into the shallow storage volume was detected during the onset of the 2001 eruption (17 July). No further injection had taken place during this period until September 2001, providing a possible reason for the quick exhaustion of the eruption. In view of this we suggest that the sampled emissions are a powerful geochemical tool to investigate the Etna’s plumbing system and its magma dynamics, as well as the development of eruptive events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2463
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: gas geochemistry ; magma degassing ; modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 695870 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mount Etna: Geochemical signals of magma ascent and unusually extensive plumbing system (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Five years of gas monitoring from selected sites suggest that Mt Etna’s plumbing system is much more extensive than previously reported. It extends at least 40 km SW from the volcano’s boundary along the NE-SW regional fault, where it discharges about 200 tons/day of gas, containing helium with mantle-type isotopic composition. Synchronous variations of 3He/4He isotopic ratios in gas sampled at sites located 60 kilometers apart have allowed us to detect pulses of ascending magma in the plumbing system, thus providing a powerful tool for eruption forecasting. Following summer 2001 eruption, the still increasing trend of the 3He/4He ratios indicates that magma storage is even now occurring at a shallow depth. Hence, the volcano maintains a high capacity to re-erupt within the next few months.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1057
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: helium isotopes ; geochemical monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 259367 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...