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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (31)
  • GPS  (11)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
  • Aeolian Islands
  • Etna
  • INGV  (50)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4)
  • Kluwer Academic Publishers  (4)
  • 2005-2009  (58)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Comparison of ionospheric scintillation models with experimental data for satellite navigation applications (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: A comparison between two of the most used scintillation models and experimental data is presented. The experimental data have been derived from a GPS scintillation monitor developed at Cornell University and placed in Tucuman (Argentina), under the peak of the anomaly. The models used (GISM and WBMOD) have been run for the geophysical conditions corresponding to the measurements. The comparison is done by subdividing the information on the basis of an ionospheric grid of 5°×5° surface square boxes. The comparison has been performed for several local times, from 18 LT until 04 LT. Here, only a few cases of particular interest are shown. The goal is to understand if the models are able to forecast actual scintillation morphology (from the satellite navigation systems point of view) and if they could be used to yield an estimate of scintillation effects on satellite navigation systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric scintillations ; scintillation models ; GPS ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    The French macroseismic database SISFRANCE: objectives, resultsand perspectives (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: To comply with nuclear safety requirements, an in-depth research program for the revision of existing catalogues was initiated back in 1974. The priority of the partners involved in the SISFRANCE project was to establish the most exhaustive documentary databank in order to construct an intensity macroseismic database, concerning both epicentral and punctual observations. The architecture of the SISFRANCE database is presented. The strength of this parametric database is the attribution of reliability coefficients at all levels of interpretations going from the documentary sources to the final intensity estimate. To ensure homogeneity of the database, a general guideline was defined. The resulting macroseismic relational database SISFRANCE contains 65000 intensity observations attesting to the existence of 5283 earthquakes (575 with Io = VI) that have been felt on the French metropolitan territory over the past one thousand years. Thanks to the homogeneous methodology and to the continuous collaboration between BRGM, EDF and IRSN for the past 30 years, SISFRANCE is today a reference database and a key tool for seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: SISFRANCE database ; macroseismic historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Scientific overview and historical context of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: The central and eastern United States has experienced only 5 historic earthquakes with Mw 7.0, four during the New Madrid sequence of 1811-1812: three principal mainshocks and the so-called «dawn aftershock» following the first mainshock. Much of the historic earthquake research done in the United States has focused on the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), because the largest New Madrid earthquakes may represent the archetype for the most damaging earthquakes to be expected in intraplate regions. Published magnitude values ranging from 7.0 to 8.75 have generally been based on macroseismic effects, which provide the most direct constraint on source size for the events. Critical to the interpretation of these accounts is an understanding of their historic context. Early settlments clustered along waterways, where substantial amplification of seismic waves is expected. Analyzing the New Madrid intensity values with a consideration of these effects yields preferred values of Mw 7.2-7.3, 7.0, and 7.4-7.5 for the December, January, and February mainshocks, respectively, and of 7.0 for the «dawn aftershock». These values are consistent with other lines of evidence, including scaling relationships. Finally, I show that accounts from the New Madrid sequence reveal evidence for remotely triggered earthquakes well outside the NMSZ. Remotely triggered earthquakes represent a potentially important new wrinkle in historic earthquake research, as their ground motions can sometimes be confused with mainshock ground motions.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: New Madrid earthquakes ; intraplate ; historic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Evidence of historical seismicity and volcanism in the Armenian Highland (from Armenian and other sources) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This work presents a summary on the development of studies of historical earthquakes in Armenia and adjacent parts of Turkey and Iran. Since ancient times, this region has been an arena where active geodynamic and seismic history intermingled with no less active and dynamic evolution of human cultures and societies. A long-term historical record in this region beginning as early as the 8th century B.C. provides abundant evidence that can make an inestimable contribution to studies of historical seismicity and volcanism in the area. We discuss the main research methodology and sources used, and dwell on the principal catalogues of historical earthquakes compiled to date.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; volcanism ; catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Recent changes in rainfalland air temperature at Agnone(Molise - Central Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: An exhaustive daily rainfall and extreme air temperature series (1883-2000) was reconstructed for Agnone, a small town in Molise (Central Italy). Long-term analysis identified an increasing trend of 1.3 ± 0.4°C per 100 years, statistically confident at the 95% level, only for minimum air temperature, and of a seasonal march, reasonably stationary along the entire investigated interval, explaining more than 50% of the corresponding monthly variance, with maxima in November and July for rainfall and air temperature, respectively. Daily clustering analysis evidenced scale-invariant properties, largely dependent on the threshold value, for all the investigated parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Molise Region ; climatic change ; longterm instrumental series ; fractal analysis ; the Cantor dust method ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Giorgio Fiocco: a jolly good fellow and his research (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: In celebrating the 70th birthday of Giorgio Fiocco we recall that his scientific production includes some pioneering work in a number of fi elds where he set important milestones. In particular, several of his papers represent the first published evidence in certain fi elds and triggered such a large fl ow of research, new developments and new paper production that the original source is almost forgotten. Here the topics where his contribution was of pioneering importance are briefly recalled and his original works cited.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: atmosphere ; lidar ; aerosol ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Rainwater Chemistry at Mt. Etna (Italy): natural and anthropogenic sources of major ions (2005)
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Major ion content of 37 wet-only rainwater samples collected on the southern flank of Mount Etna volcano was investigated. Measured pH values range from 3.80 to 7.22 and display a positive correlation with Ca2+ and an inverse correlation with NO−3 , suggesting that anthropogenic NOx are the most effective acidifying agents while Ca, likely as solid CaCO3, is the prevailing proton acceptor. Na/Cl ratios indicate a dominant marine origin for both species, while K, mg and Ca contents point to additional sources (soil dust, fertilisers etc.). Nitrate and sulphate concentrations display a nearly constant ratio indicating a common anthropogenic origin, and only a few samples are characterised by sulphate excess. The analysis of time series reveals a good correlation between the excess sulphate in rainwater and SO2 fluxes from the summit craters plume. Non sea salt chloride contents show also a significant correlation with volcanic activity indicating a magmatic sulphur and chloride contribution to rainwater. Meteoric flux estimations point to a prevailing magmatic origin for sulphur in the collected rainwaters while sea spray is the main source of chlorine.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89–102
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Etna ; rainwater chemistry ; major ions ; volcanic activity ; meteoric fluxes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-222
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Tectonic features of the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) from 10 years (1996–2006) of GPS data (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.
    Description: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 370–377
    Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; Aeolian Islands ; strain ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Lo studio delle deformazioni del suolo nell'area di Bojano nel periodo 2004-2006 (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questa nota sono riportati i risultati ottenuti da indagini geodetiche effettuate nell’area del Sannio-Matese nell’ambito di una Convenzione triennale perfezionata tra l’Assessorato ai Lavori Pubblici della Regione Molise e l’INGV-OV, rivolta all’individuazione di eventuali fenomeni deformativi del suolo in atto nel comune di Bojano (CB). Lo studio, condotto nel periodo 2004-2006, ha visto la progettazione di una rete geodetica nell’area del Comune di Bojano, avente come riferimento il Cs 104 della Linea 80 IGMI corrispondente al Cs LBO/AIGM in Carta, e la materializzazione di vertici GPS, caposaldi di livellazione e l’installazione di Dry Tilt. Le misure di livellazione sull’intera rete, relative al caposaldo di riferimento, hanno evidenziato un generale trend in subsidenza nel bacino di Bojano connesso, con buona probabilità, alle oscillazioni stagionali della falda. I risultati dellemisure sui vertici della rete GPS sono in buon accordo con quelli ottenuti dalle misure di livellazione, evidenziando un trend in subsidenza nella piana di Bojano e nell’area delle sorgenti del Biferno. Le stime dell’inclinazione del suolo ottenute attraverso l’applicazione della tecnica dei dry-tilt hanno delineato un quadro deformativo relativo alla zona cittadina di Bojano consistente in una inclinazione del suolo nel quadrante ENE.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-80
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: BOJANO ; RETE GEODETICA ; LIVELLAZIONE ; GPS ; DRY TILT ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    P-wave propagation heterogeneity and earthquake location in the Mediterranean region (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 232-254
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Management of Historical Seismic Data Using GIS: The Island of Ischia (Southern Italy) (2006)
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents the results of the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in managing information on the effects of earthquakes in historical times on the island of Ischia. The unpublished sources on the Casamicciola earthquake of 28 July 1883 and the extensive bibliography documenting the island’s seismicity from 1228 showed the need to proceed towards a type of data storage that would also allow management of the same data. Application of GIS techniques allowed us to insert, extract, handle, manage and analyse the data for the zoning of seismic damage on the island of Ischia. The end-product consists of information layers, such as maps of isoseismals, the damage, and hazard involved, as well as numerical tables associated to maps. The study was developed using GIS Arc-View 3.2 software (ESRI) and is structured in thematic vectorial levels and rasters. The overlapping themes constitute a cartographic data base of the island. The damaged sites are located on a map at a scale of 1:10,000, with all the information on the 1883 earthquake (total number of houses, number of collapsed houses, collapsed or damaged rooms, photographs, plans of buildings, etc.) being associated to each site. The GIS is structured in such a way as to be able to be integrated with further georeferenced data and with other databases. It is thus able to provide support both for in-depth analyses of the dynamic processes on the island and extend the assessment to other natural risks (volcanic, landslides, flooding, etc.).
    Description: Published
    Description: 379–393
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; GIS ; seismic hazard ; island of Ischia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Monitoraggio geodetico delle deformazioni del suolo in area sismogenetica: la rete GPS dello Stretto di Messina (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il terremoto del 1908 che ha distrutto le città di Reggio Calabria e Messina costituisce il primo esempio in cui, attraverso l’utilizzo di dati geodetici, è stato possibile ricostruire il campo di deformazione verticale collegato al catastrofico evento. In questo lavoro vengono riassunti i principali risultati della ricerca incentrata sulla caratterizzazione cinematica dell’area dello Stretto di Messina e vengono presentati i primi risultati della rete misurata con modalità GPS nel corso del 2001 e del 2003 nella stessa area. Questi risultati confermano l’importanza dell’approfondimento delle attività di monitoraggio geodetico tra il complesso peloritano calabro e quello siciliano, anche allo scopo di chiarire le numerose ambiguità riscontrate, in questi anni, nella definizione delle strutture che hanno originato il terremoto del 1908.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-18
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 14
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    Trajectory studies of Polar Statospheric Cloud Lidar Observations at Sodankyla (Finland) during SESAME: comparison with box model results of particle evolution (2007)
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Polar statospheric clouds (PSC) were observed with the milti-wavelengh lidar of the MOANA project during SESAME. The physical state, liquid or solid, of the cloud particles can be inferred from the lidar data. Using isentropic back-trajectories to obtain the thermal history of the sampled air masses, it is possible to reconcile most of the observations with current ideas on PSC formation and evolution. When the cloud particles were identified as liquid, changes in the size distributionof the droplets along the trajectory ewre calculated using micro-physical box model. Backscatter ratios ......
    Description: Published
    Description: 165-181
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: polar statospheric clouds ; polar ozone ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 15
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    New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.
    Description: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 292-298
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 16
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    Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto emiliano del 23 dicembre 2008 (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Questa nota presenta una sintesi delle attività svolte durante il rilievomacrosismico del terremoto avvenuto tra le province di Parma e Reggio Emilia il 23 dicembre 2008. La scossa di Ml 5.2 è stata localizzata a sud di Parma ed è stata avvertita in tutta l’Italia settentrionale e in gran parte della Liguria e della Toscana. Il presente rapporto illustra lemodalità di intervento del teamQUEST, relative al rilievo degli effetti e alla valutazione in intensità MCS in particolare per le località della zona epicentrale. L’ampia documentazione fotografica illustra alcuni dettagli delle tipologie di danneggiamento rilevate e consente di comprendere meglio le valutazioni dell’intensità macrosismica. This paper presents an overview of the activities performed during the macroseismic field survey of the earthquake that occurred in the Parma and Reggio Emilia region on December 23, 2008. The mainshock (Ml=5.2), was located south of the city of Parma and was resolutely felt through Northern Italy. The report here presented shows the procedures carried out by QUEST (Quick Earthquake Survey Team), concerning the survey. QUEST has been engaged in gathering the damage information and in assessing the macroseismic intensity, in particular about the epicentral area. A copious photo collection shows details of the observed damage nature and allows to better illustrate the intensity
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-41
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rilievo macrosismico ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 17
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    Relative sea level variations caused by subduction (2008)
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: By means of a stratified Earth model with viscoelastic rheology, we have studied the long-term global fluctuations of Relative Sea Level (RSL) induced by subducting slabs. We have computed RSL variations for both a single subduction and a realistic distribution of slabs by a numerical simulation based on a simplified model of the subduction process. RSL is determined by the offset between the geoid and the dynamic topography; our analysis demonstrates that the latter provides the prevailing contribution. We have studied, in addition, the effects of rheological stratification upon the amplitude and time-evolution of these two quantities and, consequently, of RSL fluctuations. According to our results, an upper bound for the rate of RSL associated with subduction is of the order of 0.1 mm/yr, in agreement with previous studies. This rate of sea level variation is comparable with that attributed to changes in the tectonic regime on a large scale. This preliminary result corroborates the suggestion by other authors to include subduction in the list of geophysical mechanisms which contribute to long-term RSL fluctuations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 225–238
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: dynamic topography ; geoid ; sea level ; subduction ; viscosity profile ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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    Local magnitude estimate at Mt. Etna (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In order to verify the duration magnitude MD we calculated local magnitude ML values of 288 earthquakes occurring from October 2002 to April 2003 at Mt. Etna. The analysis was computed at three digital stations of the permanent seismic network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia of Catania, using the relationship ML = logA+alog?-b, where A is maximum half-amplitude of the horizontal component of the seismic recording measured in mm and the term «+alog?-b» takes the place of the term «-logA0» of Richter relationship. In particular, a = 0.15 for ?〈200 km, b=0.16 for ?〈200 km. Duration magnitude MD values, moment magnitude MW values and other local magnitude values were compared. Differences between ML and MD were obtained for the strong seismic swarms occurring on October 27, during the onset of 2002-2003 Mt. Etna eruption, characterized by a high earthquake rate, with very strong events (seismogram results clipped in amplitude on drum recorder trace) and high level of volcanic tremor, which not permit us to estimate the duration of the earthquakes correctly. ML and MD relationships were related and therefore a new relationship for MD is proposed. Cumulative strain release calculated after the eruption using ML values is about 1.75E+06 J1/2 higher than the one calculated using MD values.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: local magnitude ; Mt. Etna ; volcano seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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    A note on Northern Marche seismicity: new focal mechanisms and seismological evidence (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A geodynamic interpretation of the Northern Marche region is diffi cult, the zone being characterized by complex structures which cannot be defi ned in the form of a simple, standard model. It is unquestionable that the geodynamic setting, whatever it is, bears a strong infl uence on the seismic hazard assessment of a region, and this is the background reason for the present note. In order to obtain a more detailed picture of seismological evidence in this zone, 11 new fault plane solutions of crustal events with 2.9 〈 M 〈 4.3 were calculated, using data recorded by the national seismic network of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofi sica e Vulcanologia in the period 1990-2000. The aim is to add local information to the previous studies by Frepoli and Amato (1997, 2000). A possible result of this new study is the division of the Northern Marche region into three areas with different focal mechanism categories: the inner area of the Apenninic belt, the Adriatic on-shore and the Adriatic off-shore. This note is intended to be a contribution to update seismological evidence in the Northern Marche region.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: focal mechanisms ; Northern Apennines ; Adriatic off-shore ; seismological evidence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Continuous photometric observations at ENEA base in Lampedusa to estimate precipitable water (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Water vapour is a variable component of the atmosphere both in space and time. It is one of the most important components because of its effects in many fi elds: Meteorology, Climatology, Remote Sensing, Energy-Budget, Hydrology, etc. This work compares radiometric (sun photometer) readings, Global Positioning System (GPS) data and a meteorological model forecasted data. The aim is to understand if GPS measurements may help Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. It is well known that GPS measurements are affected by the so-called tropospheric delay. Part of it, the so-called wet delay is related mainly to the amount of water vapour along the path of the GPS signal through the troposphere. Precise knowledge of the abundance of water vapour, in space and time, is important for NWP model because water vapour is the predecessor of precipitation. Despite the high variability of water vapour compared to other meteorological fi elds, like pressure and wind, water vapour observations are scarce, so that additional measurements of water vapour are expected to benefi t meteorology. A new sun photometer, which is part of the AERONET (AErosol and RObotic NETwork) program, has been installed at the ENEA (Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente) base of Lampedusa Island. The sun photometer is quite close (less then 4 km) to an ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) GPS permanent receiver. A long record (summer period of the year 2000) of sun photometric measurements is available for the station at Lampedusa. We found that the GPS and sun photometric data are better correlated (std. dev. about 10 mm for the wet delay) than are the GPS measurements with the NWP model predictions. This is an indication that GPS delay data may contain information useful for weather prediction.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: water-vapour ; aerosols ; GPS ; sunphotometer ; NWP-model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
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    Testing of the transionospheric radiochannel using data from the global GPS network (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Using the international ground-based network of two-frequency receivers of the GPS navigation system provides a means of carrying out a global, continuous and fully-computerized monitoring of phase fluctuations of signals from satellite-borne radio engineering systems caused by the Earth's inhomogeneous and nonstationary ionosphere. We found that during major geomagnetic storms, the errors of determination of the range, frequency Doppler shift and angles of arrival of transionospheric radio signals exceeds that for magnetically quiet days by one order of magnitude as a minimum. This can be the cause of performance degradation of current satellite radio engineering navigation, communication and radar systems as well as superlong-baseline radio interferometry systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: total electron content ; GPS ; transionospheric radiochannel ; geomagnetic disturbances ; space weather ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
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    Geomagnetism and Aeronomy activities in Italy during IGY, 1957/58 (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In 2007 several events were organized to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY, 1957-1958). The celebrations will last until 2009 and are taking place within different contexts: the International Polar Year (IPY), the International Heliophysical Year (IHY), the electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) and the International Year of Planet Earth (IYPE). IGY offered a very appropriate and timely occasion to undertake a series of coordinated observations of various geophysical phenomena all over the globe. Italy took part in the broad international effort stimulated by IGY. In fact, Italy participated in observations and studies in many of the proposed scientific areas, in particular Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING) started the installation of observatories, and updated and ensured continuous recording of geophysical observations. Geomagnetism, ionospheric physics, seismology, and other geophysical disciplines, were advanced. Although much of the work was undertaken in Italy, some attention was also devoted to other areas of the world, in particular Antarctica, where Italy participated in seismological observations. This paper gives a summary of the Geomagnetism and Ionospheric Physics activities within IGY. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of this historical event and its outcomes for the improvement of geophysical observations and the post-IGY growth of scientific investigations in Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 127 - 135
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: IGY ; Geomagnetism ; Aeronomy ; History of Geophisics ; Italy ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The oscillatory behaviour of the aftershocks rate of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, India: observation and interpretation (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A damaging earthquake of Mw 7.7, which struck the Bhuj region of India on January 26, 2001, was followed by a large number of aftershocks. The aftershock data available at Gauribidanur Seismic Array Station (GBA), India, till 869 h following the main shock were compiled. The plot of the aftershocks rate with time was found to be oscillatory decay. There was a sharp decrease of the aftershocks rate in the initial 144 h from the main shock and this paper presents the analysis of the temporal characteristics of aftershock activity during this period. Astatistical best fit for the rate of aftershocks is performed using the generalised Omoris law and the exponential decay law. The statistical errors for the exponential fit are found to be lower than that of the generalised Omori's fit. The superimposed oscillations present in the aftershock activity are extracted by differencing the observed aftershock activity from the statistical fits. The frequencies of these oscillations are found to be 0.062 h1, 0.078 h-1, 0.102 h-1, 0.118 h-1, 0.141 h-1, 0.164 h-1, 0.233 h-1 and 0.476 h-1. Some of the plausible causes for this kind of oscillations present in the aftershock activity are also discussed in this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: aftershocks ; Bhuj earthquake ; Omori'sLaw ; GBA array ; Lg magnitude ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Evolution of the volcanic plumbing systemof Alicudi (Aeolian Islands - Italy): evidence from fluid and melt inclusionsin quartz xenoliths (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Quartz-rich xenoliths in lavas (basalts to andesites; 90-30 ka) from Alicudi contain abundant melt and fluid inclusions. Two generations of CO2-rich fluid inclusions are present in quartz-rich xenolith grains: early (Type I) inclusions related to partial melting of the host xenoliths, and late Type II inclusions related to the fluid trapping during xenolith ascent. Homogenisation temperatures of fluid inclusions correspond to two density intervals: 0.93-0.68 g/cm3 (Type I) and 0.47-0.26 g/cm3 (Type II). Early Type I fluid inclusions indicate trapping pressures around 6 kbar, which are representative for the levels of partial melting of crustal rocks and xenolith formation. Late Type II fluid inclusions show lower trapping pressures, between 1.7 kbar and 0.2 kbar, indicative for shallow magma rest and accumulation during ascent to the surface. Data suggest the presence of two magma reservoirs: the first is located at lower crustal depths (about 24 km), site of fractional crystallization, mixing with source derived magma, and various degrees of crustal assimilation. The second magma reservoir is located at shallow crustal depths (about 6 km), the site where magma rested for a short time before erupting.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands ; fluid inclusions ; crustal xenoliths ; homogenisation temperature ; magma plumbing system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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    An attenuation study in Southern Italy using local and regional earthquakes recorded by seismic network of Basilicata (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We determined a set of empirical functions that describe the spectral amplitude decay of S-waves with distance in Southern Italy. We analyzed 32 earthquakes with magnitudes ML 2.0-5.4 and hypocentral distances ranging between 12 and 216 km. We obtained attenuation functions for 14 frequencies(1.0〈 f〈20.0 Hz). We compared these functions with average non-parametric attenuation functions reported by Castro et al. (1999) for different regions of Italy, and we observe that at low frequencies (f〈5.0 Hz) the spectral amplitudes from earthquakes in Southern Italy decay faster than the average. However, at high frequencies ( f 〉 5.0 Hz), the spectral amplitudes are above the average. At higher frequencies ( f 〉 10 Hz), the attenuation functions obtained for Southern Italy are slightly above the standard deviation of the average attenuation functions. It is possible that in this frequency range (10-20 Hz) site effects may influence the amplitude decay. In order to quantify the attenuation of the S-waves, we estimated the quality factor Q modeling the empirical attenuation functions using the following parametric form: A( f , r)=10/r b·e- pfR/Q ß; where 1.6 = f = 10.0 Hz is the frequency band with minimum effect of instrument and site response, r = 120 km is the distance range where the rate of decay of the spectral amplitudes is approximately constant, R=(r-10) and ß=3.2 km/s. We found that the exponent b=1.0±0.2 in the frequency band analyzed and Q shows a frequency dependence that can be approximated by the function Q=32.1 f 1.7.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic attenuation ; Southern Italy ; Q ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Australia: historical earthquake studies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Historical studies of earthquakes in Australia using information dating back to 1788 have been comprehensive, if not exhaustive. Newspapers have been the main source of historical earthquake studies. A brief review is given here with an introduction to the pre-European aboriginal dreamtime information. Some of the anecdotal information of the last two centuries has been compiled as isoseismal maps. Relationships between isoseismal radii and magnitude have been established using post-instrumental data allowing magnitudes to be assigned to the pre-instrumental data, which can then be incorporated into the national earthquake database. The studies have contributed to hazard analyses for the building codes and stimulated research into microzonation and paleo-seismology.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; Australia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Assessing the completeness of Italian historical earthquake data (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The assessment of the completeness of historical earthquake data (such as, for instance, parametric earthquake catalogues) has usually been approached in seismology - and mainly in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment(PSHA) - by means of statistical procedures. Such procedures look «inside» the data set under investigation and compare it to seismicity models, which often require more or less explicitly that seismicity is stationary. They usually end up determining times (Ti), from which on the data set is considered as complete above a given magnitude (Mi); the part of the data set before Ti is considered as incomplete and, for that reason, not suitable for statistical analysis. As a consequence, significant portions of historical data sets are not used for PSHA. Dealing with historical data sets - which are incomplete by nature, although this does not mean that they are of low value - it seems more appropriate to estimate «how much incomplete» the data sets can be and to use them together with such estimates. In other words, it seems more appropriate to assess the completeness looking «outside » the data sets; that is, investigating the way historical records have been produced, preserved and retrieved. This paper presents the results of investigation carried out in Italy, according to historical methods. First, the completeness of eighteen site seismic histories has been investigated; then, from those results, the completeness of areal portions of the catalogue has been assessed and compared with similar results obtained by statistical methods. Finally, the impact of these results on PSHA is described.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: completeness ; historical earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Historical earthquake investigation and research in China (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: China is one of the countries with the longest tradition of culture and has suffered many earthquake disasters, so many earthquake documents have therefore been conserved. In this paper we try to outline some basic information of historical earthquake investigation and research in China, such as collection of historical earthquake data from archives, historical earthquake catalogues, seismic intensity scales. We introduce briefly the huge accomplishments of historical research and discuss some problems encountered. Through examples, we illustrate the solutions to some typical problems. There are some suggestions on further work.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; catalogues ; intensity ; isoseismals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    State-of-the-art of the historical seismology in Colombia (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In Colombia are available a discreet number of historical seismology investigations, dating back 50 years. This paper reviews basic information about earthquakes studies in Colombia, such as primary sources, compilation of descriptive catalogues and parametric catalogues. Father Jesús Emilio Ramírez made the main systematic study before 1975. During the last 20 years, great earthquakes hit Colombia and, as consequence, historical seismology investigation was developed in the frame of seismic hazard projects.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; historical seismology ; catalogue ; intensity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Historical earthquakes in Mexico. Past efforts andnew multidisciplinary achievements (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The 1985 Mexican earthquakes demonstrated that knowledge concerning their history was still scarce and precarious.In fact those earthquakes acted as triggers, because it was then when a new field of research began to develop: disaster historical research. An initial task was to retrieve the history of earthquakes in Mexico in order throughout to produce an exhaustive inventory. The main result was a paradigmatic catalogue, published some years ago as the book Los sismos en la historia de México (Earthquakes in Mexican History). It contains information about every event along 450 years of Mexican seismological history. This paper will focus on the background of this seismological compilation and its characteristics, addressing mainly methodological items concerning sources, qualitative and/or quantitative data, the importance of joint and multidisciplinary efforts, and the research they have inspired on historical earthquakes investigation in Mexico.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; catalogues ; seismological compilations ; pictograms ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The 12th century seismic paroxysmin the Middle East: a historical perspective (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Dead Sea Fault and its junction with the southern segment of the East Anatolian fault zone, despite their high tectonic activity have been relatively quiescent in the last two centuries. Historical evidence, however, shows that in the 12th century these faults ruptured producing the large earthquakes of 1114, 1138, 1157 and 1170. This paroxysm occurred during one of the best-documented periods for which we have both Occidental and Arab chronicles, and shows that the activity of the 20th century, which is low, is definitely not a reliable guide to the activity over a longer period. The article is written for this Workshop Proceedings with the archaeoseismologist, and in particular with the seismophile historian in mind. It aims primarily at putting on record what is known about the seismicity of the region in the 12th century, describe the problems associated with the interpretation of macroseismic data, their limitations and misuse, and assess their completeness, rather than answer in detail questions regarding the tectonics and seismic hazard of the region, which will be dealt with elsewhere on a regional basis.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Middle East ; 12th century ; historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Seismic reflection data processing in active volcanic areas: an application to Campi Flegrei and Somma Vesuvius offshore (Southern Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Campanian volcanism develops near the sea. Therefore, the geophysical study of the marine environment is a key to a better understanding of the tectonic evolution and the origin of volcanism in the area. An abundance of high quality seismic data in the marine sector, where little direct information is available, is critical to the study of Campanian volcanism. This paper concerns the reprocessing of a seismic reflection dataset acquired in Naples Bay and processed during 1973. Even though the overall data quality was high for that time, of course their acquisition technological limits have been overcome by the new processing. Our reprocessing aimed at: 1) reduction of random noise in the data; 2) removal of unwanted coherent events; 3) reduction of spatial aliasing by means of trace interpolation on Commod Shot Point (CSP) gathering; 4) improvement of resolution of the seismic wavelet with spiking deconvolution algorithms and finally 5) reposition of reflectors in their correct locations in the space-TWT domain by means of dip moveout and post-stack time migration. A comparison between the new and old data shows that the new sections are characterized by a much higher S/N ratio. Diffraction hyperbole has been collapsed. Reverberations, ghosts and multiples have been removed or greatly attenuated, especially between the reflectors of interest, allowing us to follow them with more detail and with greater continuity. Furthermore, data resolution has been boosted by the reprocessing, allowing the interpreter to evaluate reflector position and continuity in greater detail. The reinterpretation phase of such lines, that is already in an advanced stage, will therefore allow us to gain new insights into the structural setting of the bay, with the aim of exploring the connection between tectonics and volcanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: marine geophysics ; seismic reflection ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    A three-dimensional time-dependent algorithm for ionospheric imaging using GPS (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receivers provide a world-wide network of phase and group delay measurements. The combination of two-frequency measurements can be used to derive the integral of the electron concentration along each satellite-to-receiver path, a parameter known as the Total Electron Content (TEC). At this stage these slant TEC data are diffi cult to interpret as they originate from a combination of a temporally changing ionosphere and spatially changing observation geometry. In this paper TEC data are inverted to evaluate the underlying distribution and time evolution of electron concentration. Accordingly, a new three-dimensional, time-dependent algorithm is presented here for imaging ionospheric electron concentration using GPS signals. The inversion results in a three-dimensional movie rather than a static image of the electron-concentration distribution. The technique is demonstrated using simulated ground-based GPS data from actual measurement geometry over Europe.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionosphere ; imaging ; GPS ; inversion ; tomography ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
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    Detection of meteorological inconsistencies by GPS (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: GPS observations, distances from satellites to receivers and meteorological conditions in neutral atmosphere are known to obey a constraint, which provides a residual or in other words a quality index. A method is discussed which provides a residual epoch by epoch in near real time. In general, distribution of residuals during several consecutive epochs belonging to the same satellites, allows estimates of a mean and a standard deviation of mean. Under normal meteorological conditions distribution of residuals appears to be consistent with zero mean as expected. However, consecutive residuals sometimes appear to have a mean different from zero by more than three standard deviations of mean. Such signifi cant consecutive epochs provide a warning of existing inconsistencies among GPS observations, distances from satellites to receivers as obtained by orbital information, meteorological conditions above receivers (as obtained by ground measurements or by extrapolation of meteorological analysis). A procedure has been set up which warns about these inconsistencies in near real time.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS ; double difference ; zenith totaldelay ; residuals ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
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    Digital elevation models for landslide evolution monitoring: application on two areas located in the Reno River Valley (Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: GPS, digital photogrammetry and laser scanning techniques have been applied and compared in the frame of the studies of two complex landslides located in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Italy). The three approaches, characterized by different accuracies, applicability and costs, have demonstrated to be efficient tools to define Digital Elevation Models computed in the same reference system and able to provide data on the landslide motion. The results described in the paper indicate the present low level of landslide activity in recent years. Reliability, costs and execution times of the applied surveying methods are shown and discussed in this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Digital Elevation Model ; landslide ; GPS ; digital photogrammetry ; laser scanning ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Italian research on the Antarctic atmosphere (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In this work after a short introduction on the structure of Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide, the different researches on atmospheric physics developed by Italian scientists are presented. The international activities are described, with particular attention both to APE experiment and the setting up of the new base in Dome-C. The results obtained are also discussed and the new projects proposed by SCAR or other international bodies are recalled. The reduction of funds and fall in young people interested in scientifi c studies represent the main problems for the future work.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Antarctica ; atmospheric researches ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    GPS surveys in the foreland-foredeep tectonic system of Southeastern Sicily:first results (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Hyblean plateau (Southeastern Sicily)is characterised by three main tectonic structural trends: the first, NNW-SSE striking,runs on the eastern most part of the plateau and is linked to the Hyblean-Maltese fault system; the second runs along the western part of the plateau with a NNE-SSW direction and is characterised by a sinistral strike slip motion,like the Scicli fault;the third ENE-WSW striking, characterises the northernmost part of the area,including the Scordia-Lentini graben.We analysed GPS data collected in a dense network located in the northern area of the Hyblean plateau during 1998 and 2000, between the towns of Catania and Syracuse. Data from Noto,Matera and Cagliari IGS stations,were included in the processing to connect this network to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).The comparison between 1998 and 2000 data sets shows an average northward motion of the GPS stations located south of the Gela-Catania foredeep.Site velocities decrease from south to north and show a weak internal deformation of the northernmost part of the Hyblean plateau.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ground deformations ; GPS ; regional tectonics ; Hyblean plateau ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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    GPS Zenith Total Delays and Precipitable Water in comparison with special meteorological observations in Verona (Italy)during MAP-SOP (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Continuous meteorological examination of the Pre-Alpine zones in Northern Italy (Po Valley)is important for determination of atmospheric water cycles connected with floods and rainfalls.During a special meteorological observing period (MAP-SOP),radiosounding and other measurements were made in the site of Verona (Italy). This paper deals with Zenith Total Delay (ZTD)and Precipitable Water (PW)comparisons obtained by GPS, radiosounding and other meteorological measurements.PW and ZTD from ground-based GPS data in comparisonwith classical techniques (e.g.,WVR,radiosounding)from recent literature present an accurate tool for use in meteorology applications (e.g.,assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)models on short-range precipitation forecasts).Comparison of such ZTD for MAP-SOP showed a standard deviation of 16.1 mm and PW comparison showed a standard deviation of 2.7 mm,confirming the accuracy of GPS measurements for meteorology applications.In addition,PW data and its time variation are also matched with time series of meteorological situations.Those results indicate that changes in PW values could be connected to changes in air masses,i.e.to passages of both cold and warm fronts.There is also a correlation between precipitation, forthcoming increase and the following decrease of PW.A good agreement between oscillation of PW and precipitation and strong cyclonic activities is found.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: precipitable water ; zenith total delay ; radiosounding ; GPS ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Power spectrum features of the near-Earth atmospheric electric field in Kamchatka (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Power spectrum of the diurnal variations of the quasi-electrostatic field Ez in the near-Earth atmosphere have been presented for the first time. The Ez power spectrum variations in the period of fine weather have been shown to exhibit two bands of the periods of natural atmospheric oscillations with T = 1-5 and 6-24 h. These oscillations are the modes of the internal gravity and tidal waves in the lower atmosphere. On the days under atmospheric precipitation, the spectral power of Ez increases by an order of magnitude. During the pre-earthquake period, when the diurnal Ez variation had an anomaly, the intensity of harmonics with T = 1.8, 2.2, and 3.8 h increased by an order of magnitude or more in comparison with the Ez spectra in fine weather. Two additional spectral bands with T = 0.6 and 1 h have appeared simultaneously.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: atmospheric quasi-static electric field ; atmospheric precipitation ; atmospheric waves ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The Philippine historical earthquakecatalog: its development, current stateand future directions (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This report will trace the development of the historical earthquake catalog of the Philippines, assess its present state and recommend future research directions. The current Philippine historical earthquake catalog is culled from various catalogs, both global and local, that were developed since the first Philippine catalog by Perrey was published in 1860. While early global catalogs gave simple mention of earthquakes in the Philippines, more focused earthquake catalogs about the Philippines gave more explicit descriptions of earthquake accounts and adopted descriptions by local historians. Over the years, various historians and seismologists continued to compile their catalogs whose contents depended on the authors perspectives and purposes. These works varied from simple listings to others including detailed descriptions. It was only recently that an attempt made to parameterize the magnitudes and epicenters of Philippine historical earthquakes using magnitude-felt area relations was done. A more detailed catalog, however, is now underway that will show details of intensity distribution for each significant historical earthquake. By comparing the historical catalog with the recent catalog and assuming that the recent catalog is complete, we find that there are still a substantial amount of historical earthquakes that needs to be reviewed and located. Possible sources of new information are local libraries, museums and archives in the Philippines, Spain and other Southeast Asian countries to which the country was in contact with during historical times.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquake catalog ; Philippine earthquakes ; seismic hazard assessment ; archival documents ; historical accounts ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The CERESIS earthquake catalogue and database of the Andean Region: background, characteristics and examples of use (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The history of earthquakes in South America starts with the coming of the Spanish and Portuguese «conquistadores» at the beginning of the 16th century. Their chronicles, and those of local historians, are the only source of earthquake information for the following 400 years. The creation of the Regional Centre for Seismology for South America (CERESIS) was a major factor for homogenous regional progress, in that CERESIS promoted the implementation of the first unified earthquake catalogue and database for the whole Andean Region. This paper reviews basic information about the intensity database and the focal parameter catalogues proposed by CERESIS in 1985. Further macroseismic data available from the CERESIS database (earthquakes with I0 = 8) are used to obtain preliminary results for the earthquake source parameters of selected South American historical events. The case of the Great Earthquake of the Venezuelan Andes, 29 April 1894, is presented in some detail.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; CERESIS database ; South America ; intensity data points ; earthquakesource parameters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The new release of the database of Earthquake Mechanisms of the Mediterranean Area (EMMA Version 2) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    An atlas of Mediterranean seismicity (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The state-of-the-art and practiceof long-term seismicity (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Materials for the investigation of historical seismicity in Algeriafrom the records of past earthquakes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper presents some materials relating to the investigation of historical seismicity in Algeria. The historical seismicity in Algeria is imperfectly known: its coverage is discontinuous and its record is grossly deficient. The seismicity of the twentieth century is relatively well documented; however, the further back in time, the harder it becomes to collect data. Even so, important research work in studying the seismicity in Algeria has been made in the past by several studies, notably those by Alexis Perrey, M. Chesneau, F. de Montessus de Ballore, N.N. Ambraseys and J. Vogt. This paper discusses the problems of historical earthquake investigation in Algeria and presents a selection of notable historical earthquakes in the country.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    A glimpse at the historical seismology of the West Indies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This contribution describes the state-of-the-art of historical seismology in the West Indies. An overview of the current parametric earthquake catalogues shows that historical earthquakes in the Greater and Lesser Antilles are less well known compared to those which affected the Venezuelan and Central American regions. Problems are still numerous and hard to solve for most former earthquakes, known from the mid 16th century on. The analysis of the catalogues shows that they are incomplete, and that their reliability also should be reconsidered. In recent years, the author has investigated locally stored primary historical sources as well as those in foreign archives and libraries, for instance in France and the United States. The paper deals with some case histories, the 1692, 1751, 1767, 1770, 1830, 1842, 1852, 1860, 1887, 1892 earthquakes in the Greater Antilles, the 1690, 1727, 1839, 1843, 1867 and 1897 in the Lesser Antilles. The examples highlight that there is still a need for further improving our knowledge on the historical seismicity of the West Indies, and that the investigation of the sources and repositories located outside this region is an open way to fruitfully approach this task.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    A brief history of a restless vision: seismological research in Venezuela (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Seismological research in Venezuela has managed to survive in the Twentieth century in spite of having produced only two catalogues for public consultation in a period of sixty years, the last of them being published in 1999. However, great investigators, national and foreign, gave their best years to scientific knowledge. Through their restlessness and attitudes, the perspective of the science of earthquakes was constructed. Watching through their eyes, and by means of the 1812 earthquakes, the most controversial and important in this country, the history of the Venezuelan seismology is revealed in this paper. Amidst discussions and ruins, opening footpaths on destructive earthquakes, Venezuelan seismology began to build its own vision.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake catalogue ; seismological methodology ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Current knowledge on the Central America historical seismicity: an analysisof recent catalogues (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Historical seismicity studies in Central America have increased since 1980. Currently, there is a well-organized regional digital catalogue database structured according to modern techniques. It contains more than 17 000 earthquakes which occurred between 1520 and 1992. A regional tsunami catalogue is also available. The historical seismicity research included a more complete earthquake documentation obtained from foreign and Central American depositories. New intensity data point estimates and isoseismal maps allows among others, macroseismic magnitude calculations and seismogenic source determinations, for many pre-1900 earthquakes. Future trends in Central America historical seismicity research are discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    On historical earthquakes in Switzerland: summary of compilations and investigations (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Studies of historical earthquakes in Switzerland are contained in monographs, chronological collections of effects and parametric catalogues. The systematic collection of macroseismic material started with the creation of the Swiss Seismological Commission in 1878. All parametric catalogues since 1975 have been prepared for seismic hazard assessment. The most up-to-date investigation of macroseismic data and compilation into a catalogue (ECOS) was made in the 2002 in context of the re-assessment of seismic hazard for nuclear sites.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; ECOS ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Seismic activity in Ghana: past, present and future (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Though Ghana is far away from the major earthquake zones of the world, it is prone to earthquake disaster. Ghana has records of damaging earthquakes dating as far back as 1615. The last three major events occurred in 1862, 1906 and 1939. This paper presents the main historical and current instrumental recorded earthquakes of Ghana and the steps being taken to mitigate the negative effects of such disastrous occurrences in the country. The discussion is based on historical and current data obtained from the seismological observatories in Accra and Kukurantumi. Historical earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.0 and current local tremors with magnitudes ranging from 1.0 to 4.8 on the Richter scale have been recorded since the establishment of the seismograph stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; Ghana ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    History of earthquake studies in Russia (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: To evaluate the completeness of modern knowledge on historical seismicity it is necessary to know the general geopolitical and socio-cultural background in the country. It determines the possibility to record the evidence of an earthquake and conserve the record in original form for a long time-period. The potential duration of historical earthquake study in Russia is assessed based on these considerations. Certain stages of earthquake study in Russia have been detected. Specific problems of seismicity studies of low active areas are discussed as an example of Russian platform. The value of each (even moderate magnitude) event becomes crucial for seismic hazard assessment in such territories. A correct identification of event nature (tectonic earthquake or exogenous phenomena - landslides, karsts, etc.) is practically impossible without using primary sources with detailed descriptions. Occurrence of modern earthquakes can be used to assess the accuracy of historical seismicity knowledge.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; historical seismicity ; evaluation of completeness and accuracy of knowledgeon seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Historical earthquake investigations in Greece (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The active tectonics of the area of Greece and its seismic activity have always been present in the countrys history. Many researchers, tempted to work on Greek historical earthquakes, have realized that this is a task not easily fulfilled. The existing catalogues of strong historical earthquakes are useful tools to perform general SHA studies. However, a variety of supporting datasets, non-uniformly distributed in space and time, need to be further investigated. In the present paper, a review of historical earthquake studies in Greece is attempted. The seismic history of the country is divided into four main periods. In each one of them, characteristic examples, studies and approaches are presented.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; earthquake catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The history of historical earthquake research in Germany (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The paper summarizes the history of collecting and evaluating information on earthquakes in Germany. A rich literature mentioning historical and contemporary earthquakes has existed since the 16th century. Early earthquake catalogues began to appear in the middle of the 16th century, some of which report earthquakes in Germany dating back to the 9th century. Modern seismological views were introduced in connection with intense philosophical analysis of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which was largely observed in Central Europe. The 19th century was characterized by a tremendous increase in detailed earthquake studies as well as earthquake compilations in the form of catalogues. The most comprehensive non-parametric catalogues were created in the middle of the 20th century, while the first digital parametric catalogues were published in the 1980s. This was also the time when critical studies on the re-interpretation of historical earthquakes began. Only in the 1990s was such analysis made in a systematic manner resulting in numerous publications and the current development of a modern earthquake catalogue.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; fake quakes ; historical earthquake research ; earthquake catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Catalogues of historical earthquakes in Italy (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A complete survey of historical earthquake investigation in Italy cannot be compressed into a few pages, since it would entail making a summary of widely different phases of research (performed by past scholars and by contemporary scientists and historians) and taking into account the widely different historical contexts, methodological assumptions and critical awareness of each of them. This short note only purposes to chart the main stages of the progress made by Italian historical seismology, from the late 17th century compilation by Bonito(1691) up to the latest parametric catalogue (Working Group CPTI, 1999).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    COST 271 Action - Effects of the upper atmosphere on terrestrial and Earth-space communications: introduction (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The COST 271 Action («Effects of the Upper Atmosphere on Terrestrial and Earth-space Communications ») within the European ionospheric community has the objectives, embodied in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): to study the influence of upper atmospheric conditions on terrestrial and Earth-space communications, to develop methods and techniques to improve ionospheric models over Europe for telecommunication and navigation applications and to transfer the results to the appropriate Radiocommunication Study Groups of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) and other national and international organizations dealing with the modern communication systems. This introductory paper summarises briefly the background and historical context of COST 271 and outlines the main objectives, working methods and structure. It also lists the participating countries and institutions, the Management Committee (MC) Meetings, Workshops and Short-term Scientific Missions. In addition, the paper discusses the dissemination of the results and the collaboration among the participating institutions and researchers, before outlining the content of the Final Report.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Ten years analysis of Tropospheric refractivity variations (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The refractivity variations of the troposphere are responsible for various effects on radio wave propagation, such as refraction, bending, radio-station interference, etc. In this work, the refractivity variations of the Hellenic troposphere are studied using data from Helliniko airport of Athens/Greece. The data were analyzed using various interpolation procedures, i.e. in a day-by-day manner for temperature and relative humidity, to transform the data according to a reference height common for the whole dataset and finally for the refractivity N with respect to time, using piece-wise hermite interpolation polynomials for the low and medium altitudes and linear interpolation factors for the high altitudes. Since refractivity varies with time and height, two height independent basic parameters were computed and analyzed: the refractivity at station height N0 and scale height Hs. These parameters can be used to calculate the refractivity profile. Using statistical tools as the moving average, the ß0 parameter and the monthly mean values, together with the corresponding standard deviations, useful results were obtained for the variations of the refractivity with respect to observation hour, height, season, month, day and level.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: troposphere ; refractivity ; scaleheight ; ß0 parameter ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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    An outline of earthquake catalogues, databases and studies of historical seismicity in the Iberian Peninsula (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: The general purpose of the present paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art of historical earthquake knowledge and research in the Iberian Peninsula, giving an account of the main references, the historical developments and the present situation of earthquake catalogues. The most representative historical works for compiling earthquake data (catalogues) up to 1985 are referred together with those of more recent investigations carried out in Spain and Portugal for the period 1985-2003. Existing databases on historical seismicity are presented, mentioning the most important achievements in relation to quality of information.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; catalogues ; macroseismic data ; earthquake database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 663791 bytes
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  • 58
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    The November 2002 degassing event at Panarea Island (Italy): five months of geochemical monitoring (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: On 3rd November 2002, at about 3 km off-shore of Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy), a series of gas vents suddenly and violently opened from the seafloor at the depth of 10-15 m, with an unusually high gas flux and superimposing on the already existing submarine fumarolic field. Starting from the 12th November 2002 a discontinuous geochemical monitoring program was carried out. The emissions consisted in an emulsion whose liquid phase derived from condensation of an uprising vapor phase occurring close to the fluid outlets without significant contamination by seawater. The whole composition of the fluids was basically H2O- and CO2-dominated, with minor amounts of typical «hydrothermal» components (such as H2S, H2, CO and light hydrocarbons), atmospheric-related compounds, and characterized by the occurrence of a significant magmatic gas fraction (mostly represented by SO2, HCl and HF). According to the observed temporal variability of the fluid compositions, between November and December 2002 the hydrothermal feeding system was controlled by oxidizing conditions due to the input of magmatic gases. The magmatic degassing phenomena showed a transient nature, as testified by the almost complete disappearance of the magmatic markers in a couple of months and by the restoration, since January 2003, of the chemical features of the existing hydrothermal system. The most striking feature of the evolution of the «Panarea degassing event» was the relatively rapid restoration of the typical reducing conditions of a stationary hydrothermal system, in which the FeO/Fe1.5O redox pair of the rock mineral phases has turned to be the dominating redox controlling system.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands ; Panarea ; submarine fumaroles ; gas chemistry ; geochemical monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1571798 bytes
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