Publication Date:
2017-04-04
Description:
In the past, variations in the chemical contents (SO4
2−, Cl−, cations) of
crater lake water have not systematically demonstrated any relationships
with eruptive activity. Intensive parameters (i.e., concentrations,
temperature, pH, salinity) should be converted into extensive parameters
(i.e., fluxes, changes with time of mass and solutes), taking into account
all the internal and external chemical–physical factors that affect the
crater lake system. This study presents a generalized box model approach
that can be useful for geochemical monitoring of active crater lakes, as
highly dynamic natural systems. The mass budget of a lake is based on
observations of physical variations over a certain period of time: lake
volume (level, surface area), lake water temperature, meteorological
precipitation, air humidity, wind velocity, input of spring water, and
overflow of the lake. This first approach leads to quantification of the
input and output fluxes that contribute to the actual crater lake volume.
Estimating the input flux of the "volcanic" fluid (Qf - kg/s) –– an
unmeasurable subsurface parameter –– and tracing its variations with
time is the major focus during crater lake monitoring. Through expanding
the mass budget into an isotope and chemical budget of the lake, the box
model helps to qualitatively characterize the fluids involved. The
(calculated) Cl− content and dD ratio of the rising "volcanic" fluid defines
its origin. With reference to continuous monitoring of crater lakes, the
present study provides tips that allow better calculation of Qf in the future.
At present, this study offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date
literature review on active crater lakes.
Description:
Published
Description:
161-173
Description:
1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
Description:
JCR Journal
Description:
open
Keywords:
Geochemical monitoring
;
Active crater lakes,
;
Box model
;
Mass budget
;
Isotope and chemical budget
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics
;
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
Repository Name:
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Type:
article
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