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  • 1
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    Borehole Volumetric Strainmeter Calibration From a Nearby Seismic Broadband Array at Etna Volcano (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 2
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    From source to surface: dynamics of Etna’s lava fountains investigated by continuous strain, magnetic, ground and satellite thermal data (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-27
    Print ISSN: 0258-8900
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0819
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    The borehole dilatometer network of Mount Etna: A powerful tool to detect and infer volcano dynamics (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 4
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    TOMO-ETNA experiment at Etna volcano: activities on land (2016)
    In:  Annals of Geophysics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In the present paper we describe the on-land field operations integrated in the TOMO-ETNA experiment carried out in June-November 2014 at Mt. Etna volcano and surrounding areas. This terrestrial campaign consists in the deployment of 90 short-period portable three-component seismic stations, 17 Broadband seismometers and the coordination with 133 permanent seismic station belonging to Italy’s Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). This temporary seismic network recorded active and passive seismic sources. Active seismic sources were generated by an array of air-guns mounted in the Spanish oceanographic vessel “Sarmiento de Gamboa” with a power capacity of up to 5200 cubic inches. In total more than 26,000 shots were fired and more than 450 local and regional earthquakes were recorded. We describe the whole technical procedure followed to guarantee the success of this complex seismic experiment. We started with the description of the location of the potential safety places to deploy the portable network and the products derived from this search (a large document including full characterization of the sites, owners and indication of how to arrive to them). A full technical description of the seismometers and seismic sources is presented. We show how the portable seismic network was deployed, maintained and recovered in different stages. The large international collaboration of this experiment is reflected in the participation of more than 75 researchers, technicians and students from different institutions and countries in the on-land activities. The main objectives of the experiment were achieved with great success.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    The borehole dilatometers network of Mt. Etna : a powerful tool to detect and infer volcano dynamics (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: A network of four borehole dilatometers has been installed on Etna in two successive phases (2010–2011 and 2014). The borehole dilatometers are installed in holes drilled at depths usually greater than 100 m, and they measure the volumetric strain of the surrounding rock with a nominal precision up to 10^-11 in a wide frequency range (10^-7–25 Hz). Here we describe the characteristics of the network and the results of the in situ calibrations obtained after the installations by different methods. We illustrate short-term strain changes recorded during several lava fountains erupted by Etna during 2011–2013, and we also show signal changes recorded at all four stations during the lava fountain on 28 December 2014. Analytical and numerical computations constrained the eruptions source depth and also its volume change that is related to the magma volume emitted. Finally, we show the potential of the signal in the medium term to reveal strain changes related to different phases of the volcanic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4655–4669
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; borehole strainmeters ; strain ; eruptions and lava fountains ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Experimentation of two coupled gravity meters in continuous recording with a high sampling rate at Etna volcano (2009)
    European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the summer of 2005, we performed a 2-month lasting experiment (29 July - 29 September), using two spring gravimeters installed side-by-side at Mt. Etna. Two LaCoste & Romberg gravimeters were utilized (G594 and G1190), each equipped with an Aliod 100 electronic feedback system. Data were acquired at a sampling rate (2 Hz) higher than that normally used for gravimetric recordings. Apparent fluctuations (i.e. instrumental, not due to actual changes of the gravity field) dominated by a component with period of about 20 seconds appear over the gravity recordings when both high-frequency (local earthquakes) and low-frequency (teleseisms) components dominate the ensuing seismic wavefield. Though it has only an instrumental character, the outcome of this study represent an important further step towards the development of any a-priori or a-posteriori system aimed at reduce the effect of seismic shocks on the signal from continuously recording gravimeters.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravimeters ; earthquakes ; seismic-induced effects ; gravity fluctuations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 7
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    High-precision gravity measurements using absolute and relative (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Accurate detection of time gravity changes attributable to the dynamics of volcanoes requires high-precision gravity measurements. With the aim of improving the quality of data from the Mount Etna gravity network, we used both absolute and relative gravimeters in a hybrid method. In this report, some of the techniques for gravity surveys are reviewed, and the results related to each method are compared. We show how the total uncertainty estimated for the gravity measurements performed with this combined use of absolute and relative gravimeters is roughly comparable to that calculated when the measurements are acquired using only relative gravimeters (the traditional method). However, the data highlight how the hybrid approach improves the measurement capabilities for surveying the Mount Etna volcanic area. This approach enhances the accuracy of the data, and then of the four-dimensional surveying, which minimizes ambiguities inherent in the gravity measurements. As a case study, we refer to two gravity datasets acquired in 2005 and 2010 from the western part of the Etna volcano, which included five absolute and 13 relative stations of the Etna gravity network.
    Description: Published
    Description: 500-509
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: absolute and relative gravimeters ; uncertainty ; microgravity ; Etna volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Gestione dei dilatometri installati in pozzi profondi all’Etna (2014)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: La rivista non prevede l'Abstract e inizia direttamente dall'Introduzione, che viene sotto riportata. In ambiente vulcanico, al fine di monitorare e studiare l’azione delle sorgenti, è di fondamentale importanza riuscire a misurare con estrema precisione l’espansione/contrazione del mezzo. Questo è ottenibile attraverso l’utilizzo di strumenti noti come borehole strainmeters (o dilatometri da pozzo). Lo strumento di base e' da un punto di vista teorico abbastanza semplice. Consiste di un tubo cilindrico, al suo interno riempito di specifico fluido (solitamente olio di silicone), da installare in un foro appositamente trivellato ponendolo in contatto con le pareti rocciose del foro attraverso l’utilizzo di cementi ad espansione, che consentono un perfetto accoppiamento strumento-mezzo. La variazione di livello del fluido indotta dalla variazione dello strain nel mezzo circostante è quindi misurata con estrema precisione attraverso un apposito sensore. I dilatometri da pozzo sono gli strumenti più sensibili alle variazioni dello stato degli sforzi finora realizzati a fini geofisici (sensibilità nominale dV/V fino a 10-12). La tipologia di strumentazione utilizzata nelle installazioni all’Etna è quella nota come Sacks-Evertson borehole strainmeters (o dilatometers) [Sacks et al., 1971]. Le principali caratteristiche tecniche della strumentazione sono riportate in tabella 1. Gli strainmeters e l’elettronica di controllo sono prodotti dal Department Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) del Carnegie Institution di Washington. I colleghi del DTM sono presenti alle fasi finali d’installazione e di avvio dell’operatività strumentale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-25
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcano monitoring ; borehole dilatometers ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    From source to surface: dynamics of Etna’s lava fountains investigated by continuous strain, magnetic, ground and satellite thermal data (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We investigated the eruptive episodes that occurred at Etna volcano on 15 November 2011 and 18 March 2012 using different types of data. We present novel data from two recently installed strainmeters that recorded unique signals during the lava fountain phases of these events. The strainmeter data, integrated with those recorded by the magnetic network, and with satellite and ground thermal data, allowed us to follow the path of a gas-rich magma batch from the source inside the volcano to the surface and atmosphere. The amplitude ratio of the volumetric strain changes constrained the storage depth of the magma feeding the lava fountains above 1.5 km below sea level. Magnetic data revealed an attempted shallow lateral intrusion, whereas ground and satellite thermal data furnished a quantification of the total erupted volumes of ∼2.2×106m3 for the 15 November event and ∼3.0×106m3 for the 18 March event. Despite different durations of the explosive and effusive phases of the two lava fountain events, the total erupted volume was quite similar, suggesting the emptying of a shallow storage system displaying a steady behaviour.
    Description: Published
    Description: article 690
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; lava fountain ; strain ; magnetic data ; thermal data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Seismic-induced accelerations detected by two parallel gravity meters in continuous recording with a high sampling rate at Etna volcano (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We analyse a microgravity data set acquired from two spring LaCoste & Romberg gravity meters operated in parallel at the same site on Etna volcano (Italy) for about two months (August – September 2005). The high sampling rate acquisition (2Hz) allowed the correlation of short-lasting gravity fluctuations with seismic events. After characterizing the oscillation behavior of the meters, through the study of spectral content and the background noise level of both sequences, we recognized fluctuations in the gravity data, spanning a range of periods from 1 second to about 30 seconds dominated by components with a period of about 15 ÷ 25 seconds, during time intervals encompassing both local seismic events and large worldwide earthquakes. The data analyses demonstrate that observed earthquake-induced gravity fluctuations have some differences due to diverse spectral content of the earthquakes. When local seismic events which present high frequency content excite the meters, the correlation between the two gravity signals is poor (factor 〈 0.3). Vice versa, when large worldwide earthquakes occur and low frequency seismic waves dominate the ensuing seismic wavefield, the resonance frequencies of the meters are excited and they react according to more common features. In the latter case, the signals from the two instruments are strongly correlated to each other (up to 0.9). In this paper the behaviors of spring gravimeters in the frequency range of the disturbances produced by local and large worldwide earthquakes are presented and discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 87-103
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravimeters ; earthquakes ; seismic-induced effects ; gravity fluctuations ; resonance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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