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  • Time Factors  (538)
  • Fisheries
  • MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (548)
  • Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (549)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
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    Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino | Madrid (Espagne)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Description du secteur de la pêche Avec la Mauritanie, le Sénégal est de loin le plus grand producteur de produits de pêche de la sous région. Avec 718 km de cote et un territoire maritime de 198km2, 15 745 km2 de superficie fluviale, 2 estuaires, des mangroves et un lac de 350km2, le Sénégal possède tous les atouts des plus grands producteurs de pêche. Le potentiel annuel de captures s’élève à 500 000 tonnes. Le secteur a subi une croissance spectaculaire ces trente dernières années : les débarquements sont passés 50 000 tonnes en 1965 à plus de 450 000 en 1997. Le secteur se compose principalement de deux sous-secteurs : la pêche industrielle et la pêche traditionnelle ou artisanale. Cette dernière, vielle de plusieurs siècles a su s’adapter et se moderniser au cours des dernières décennies. La flotte de pêche artisanale est dynamique et diversifiée ; selon les estimations, en 2005 il y avait plus de 13 000 pirogues. La pêche artisanale se concentre dans sept régions maritimes et fluviales du pays: Dakar, Thiès, Saint Louis, Fatick, Zinguinchor, Louga et Kaolack. Le port de Kayar dans la région de Thiès correspond à la principale zone de débarquement de la pêche artisanale avec environ 70% des débarquements. Dans le secteur industriel, les pêcheurs travaillent à bord d’une flottille de petits sardiniers, de 143 chalutiers destinés à la pêche d’espèces demersales, de 3 sardiniers et de 42 thoniers. Alors que le Sénégal domine largement le sous-secteur demersale avec 70% des chalutiers opérants, le pays ne possède que 6 thoniers contre 38 étrangers, dont une partie seulement des captures est débarquée au Sénégal. La pêche industrielle est concentrée autour de la capitale dans le Port autonome de Dakar et des ports secondaires de Saint Louis, Kaolack et Ziguinchor. Aujourd’hui, le secteur de la pêche sénégalaise est largement dominé par la pêche artisanale, qui constituait 90% des cargaisons totales des produits de la mer en 2006 avec 350 000 tonnes. Plus de 60% des produits de la pêche artisanale sont destinés à l’exportation et la transformation. En 2006, le secteur dans son ensemble représentait 9% du PIB du secteur primaire, 1.5% du PIB total, et 1/3 des devises étrangères (250 millions de dollars par an). Plus importante que le poids économique du secteur, est son poids social : la pêche génère indirectement 600 000 emplois, dont 67% au sein du secteur artisanal. En outre, les produits de la pêche comblent les besoins en protéines animales de la population sénégalaise à hauteur de 75%1. La pêche a connu une expansion spectaculaire au cours des dernières décennies grâce à l’impulsion de politiques publiques de développement basées sur une logique sectorielle productiviste. Une flotte nationale artisanale et industrielle a été progressivement mise en place ainsi que de fortes capacités de transformation industrielle. Cet engagement de l’Etat a ensuite connu un net ralentissement du fait, entre autre, des politiques d’ajustement structurel. Le renchérissement des coûts de production subséquents à la dévaluation du franc CFA en 1994 a lourdement affecté les pêcheurs. Parallèlement, avec la forte demande en produits halieutiques et en l’absence de politiques adéquates et cohérentes de gestion durable des ressources exploitables, une situation de surexploitation des ressources halieutiques s’est installée. En conséquence de la raréfaction des ressources halieutiques, la pêche sénégalaise traverse une crise sans précédent, dont les effets commencent à se faire sentir à tous les niveaux : appauvrissement des communautés de pêcheurs, menace de l’approvisionnement en poisson des populations, baisse des captures à haute valeur ajoutée, baisse des exportations, baisse de la rentabilité et des revenus des unités de pêche. Par ailleurs, de plus en plus d’établissements de transformation industrielle ferment (23 entreprises entre 1999 et 2006).
    Description: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Y Medio Rural y Marino
    Description: Pablo Manuel Xandri Royo CTP Proyecto (INT/07/16M/SPA) Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Convenio de Colaboración entre el actual Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino de España y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo de 28 de diciembre de 2007
    Description: Published
    Description: environnement; socio-économie; pêche; capture; débarquement; engin de pêche; femme; pêcheur; convention internationale; réglementation
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Capture fisheries ; Landing statistics ; Fishing gear ; Women ; Fishermen ; Conventions ; Fishery regulations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 208
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaplan, Karen -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):489-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20963934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; European Union ; Faculty ; Income/statistics & numerical data ; Internationality ; *Pensions/statistics & numerical data ; Research Personnel/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; Retirement/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: In physiological settings, nucleic-acid translocases must act on substrates occupied by other proteins, and an increasingly appreciated role of translocases is to catalyse protein displacement from RNA and DNA. However, little is known regarding the inevitable collisions that must occur, and the fate of protein obstacles and the mechanisms by which they are evicted from DNA remain unexplored. Here we sought to establish the mechanistic basis for protein displacement from DNA using RecBCD as a model system. Using nanofabricated curtains of DNA and multicolour single-molecule microscopy, we visualized collisions between a model translocase and different DNA-bound proteins in real time. We show that the DNA translocase RecBCD can disrupt core RNA polymerase, holoenzymes, stalled elongation complexes and transcribing RNA polymerases in either head-to-head or head-to-tail orientations, as well as EcoRI(E111Q), lac repressor and even nucleosomes. RecBCD did not pause during collisions and often pushed proteins thousands of base pairs before evicting them from DNA. We conclude that RecBCD overwhelms obstacles through direct transduction of chemomechanical force with no need for specific protein-protein interactions, and that proteins can be removed from DNA through active disruption mechanisms that act on a transition state intermediate as they are pushed from one nonspecific site to the next.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230117/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230117/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkelstein, Ilya J -- Visnapuu, Mari-Liis -- Greene, Eric C -- F32GM80864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA146940/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):983-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09561. Epub 2010 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Biocatalysis ; DNA/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Exodeoxyribonuclease V/*metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Lac Repressors/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Movement ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Quantum Dots ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luebeck, E Georg -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 28;467(7319):1053-5. doi: 10.1038/4671053a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Lineage/genetics ; Clone Cells/metabolism/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disease Progression ; Early Detection of Cancer ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genomic Instability/*genetics ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/*pathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: Translation by the ribosome occurs by a complex mechanism involving the coordinated interaction of multiple nucleic acid and protein ligands. Here we use zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) and sophisticated detection instrumentation to allow real-time observation of translation at physiologically relevant micromolar ligand concentrations. Translation at each codon is monitored by stable binding of transfer RNAs (tRNAs)-labelled with distinct fluorophores-to translating ribosomes, which allows direct detection of the identity of tRNA molecules bound to the ribosome and therefore the underlying messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. We observe the transit of tRNAs on single translating ribosomes and determine the number of tRNA molecules simultaneously bound to the ribosome, at each codon of an mRNA molecule. Our results show that ribosomes are only briefly occupied by two tRNA molecules and that release of deacylated tRNA from the exit (E) site is uncoupled from binding of aminoacyl-tRNA site (A-site) tRNA and occurs rapidly after translocation. The methods outlined here have broad application to the study of mRNA sequences, and the mechanism and regulation of translation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466108/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466108/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uemura, Sotaro -- Aitken, Colin Echeverria -- Korlach, Jonas -- Flusberg, Benjamin A -- Turner, Stephen W -- Puglisi, Joseph D -- GM51266/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051266/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1012-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Codon/*genetics ; Escherichia coli ; Fluorescence ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Luminescent Measurements ; Optical Tweezers ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Transfer/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-04-23
    Description: The worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to be approaching 200 million people. Current therapy relies upon a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin, a poorly tolerated regimen typically associated with less than 50% sustained virological response rate in those infected with genotype 1 virus. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents to treat HCV has focused predominantly on inhibitors of the viral enzymes NS3 protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Here we describe the profile of BMS-790052, a small molecule inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein that exhibits picomolar half-maximum effective concentrations (EC(50)) towards replicons expressing a broad range of HCV genotypes and the JFH-1 genotype 2a infectious virus in cell culture. In a phase I clinical trial in patients chronically infected with HCV, administration of a single 100-mg dose of BMS-790052 was associated with a 3.3 log(10) reduction in mean viral load measured 24 h post-dose that was sustained for an additional 120 h in two patients infected with genotype 1b virus. Genotypic analysis of samples taken at baseline, 24 and 144 h post-dose revealed that the major HCV variants observed had substitutions at amino-acid positions identified using the in vitro replicon system. These results provide the first clinical validation of an inhibitor of HCV NS5A, a protein with no known enzymatic function, as an approach to the suppression of virus replication that offers potential as part of a therapeutic regimen based on combinations of HCV inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Nettles, Richard E -- Belema, Makonen -- Snyder, Lawrence B -- Nguyen, Van N -- Fridell, Robert A -- Serrano-Wu, Michael H -- Langley, David R -- Sun, Jin-Hua -- O'Boyle, Donald R 2nd -- Lemm, Julie A -- Wang, Chunfu -- Knipe, Jay O -- Chien, Caly -- Colonno, Richard J -- Grasela, Dennis M -- Meanwell, Nicholas A -- Hamann, Lawrence G -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):96-100. doi: 10.1038/nature08960. Epub 2010 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Genotype ; HeLa Cells ; Hepacivirus/*drug effects ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Vero Cells ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Deborah -- Carter, Philip -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):315. doi: 10.1038/466315a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conflict of Interest ; *Drug Industry ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines/*supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/prevention & control/virology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Time Factors ; *Vaccination ; *World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-01-29
    Description: Cellular differentiation and lineage commitment are considered to be robust and irreversible processes during development. Recent work has shown that mouse and human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state with a combination of four transcription factors. This raised the question of whether transcription factors could directly induce other defined somatic cell fates, and not only an undifferentiated state. We hypothesized that combinatorial expression of neural-lineage-specific transcription factors could directly convert fibroblasts into neurons. Starting from a pool of nineteen candidate genes, we identified a combination of only three factors, Ascl1, Brn2 (also called Pou3f2) and Myt1l, that suffice to rapidly and efficiently convert mouse embryonic and postnatal fibroblasts into functional neurons in vitro. These induced neuronal (iN) cells express multiple neuron-specific proteins, generate action potentials and form functional synapses. Generation of iN cells from non-neural lineages could have important implications for studies of neural development, neurological disease modelling and regenerative medicine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829121/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829121/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vierbuchen, Thomas -- Ostermeier, Austin -- Pang, Zhiping P -- Kokubu, Yuko -- Sudhof, Thomas C -- Wernig, Marius -- 1018438-142-PABCA/PHS HHS/ -- 5T32NS007280/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1035-41. doi: 10.1038/nature08797. Epub 2010 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20107439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage ; *Cell Transdifferentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; POU Domain Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Regenerative Medicine ; Synapses/metabolism ; Tail/cytology ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):877. doi: 10.1038/468877a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Industry ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Time Factors ; Translational Medical Research/economics/*organization & administration/trends ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quirk, Gregory J -- Milad, Mohammed R -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):36-7. doi: 10.1038/463036a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Cues ; Electroshock ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; Fear/*physiology/*psychology ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Psychological ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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