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  • Humans  (5,222)
  • United States  (1,347)
  • General Chemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5,933)
  • Springer  (7)
  • 2010-2014  (3,663)
  • 1985-1989  (2,277)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compositional distribution of coding sequences and DNA molecules in humans and murids (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genome composition ; Coding sequences ; Isochores ; Humans ; Murids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50-100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first+second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence-specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101193
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of airline pilot characteristics on perceptions of job safety risks (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 2 (1989), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: aeronautics-commercial ; safety ; United States ; employees ; perceptions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In a large cross-sectional sample, commercial airline pilots in the United States were asked for their perceptions of job safety hazards. Regression techniques are employed to investigate the relationship between these perceptions and both the length of tenure of pilots and their specific employer within the industry. The latter is found to have a far more significant impact on risk perception. No evidence is found for a learning curve of job risk with respect to experience. Pilots' assessments of inadequacies in training and aircraft maintenance are found to be significantly related to the financial health of their employer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356860
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and the environment in the United States (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Environment ; Beliefs ; Values ; Paradigms ; Culture ; Attitudes ; Social change ; Political change ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The beliefs of Americans about the proper relationship between humans and their environment were profoundly affected by waves of immigration from Europe. Immigrants valued ownership of land, individuality, freedom, domination of nature, and technological development. These themes remain strong today as centerpieces of the American dominant social paradigm (DSP). That DSP has been reexamined and found wanting by an increasing proportion of Americans. This departure from the old DSP has progressed further among the public than among the elite who have a greater stake in preserving the status quo. Environmentalists constitute a vanguard trying to lead the people to a new, more environmentally oriented social paradigm. The beliefs of the old DSP and the new environmental paradigm (NEP) are contrasted in Table 2. Briefly, the NEP advocates stress love of nature rather than domination of it; compassion for other peoples, future generations, and other species; planning to avoid risk; limits to growth; fundamental social change; and a new structuring of politics. These two worldviews are likely to be in vigorous conflict for several decades in the USA. Social learning, spurred by deterioration of the old ways, is likely to lead Americans to a new perspective on their relationship to nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation of periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining for ultrastructural assessment of muscle glycogen utilization during exercise (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225582
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of dermatophytes isolated from human patients in the United States from 1982 to 1984 (1987)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 98 (1987), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: dermatophytes ; survey ; United States ; humans ; 1982/84
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A survey of dermatophytes isolated from patients seeking medical advice was made from 1982 to 1984 in the United States. The survey included 59 locations with data from 49 cities and one state. Listing of the isolated dermatophytes and the frequency given by percentage of total follows: Trichophyton rubrum 46.8%, T. tonsurans 33.3%, T. mentagrophytes 10.1%, Microsporum canis 4.5%, Epidermophyton floccosum 3,5%, M. gypseum and T. verrucosum both 0.7%, M. audouinii and T. terrestre both 0.1%, and T. violaceum 0.06%. No isolations of M. ferrugineum or T. schoenleinii were reported. Temporal increases were observed for frequencies of T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans and M. canis, and decreases occurred for frequencies of E. floccosum and T. rubrum when the data from this survey were compared by the goodness of fit test to data of the 1979 to 1981 survey. The percent of dermatophyte isolations identified as T. tonsurans correlated significantly with the percentage of blacks in cities of 100000 or more people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Campoletis sonorensis [Hym.: Ichneumonidae] as a parasitoid ofSpodoptera frugiperda [Lep.: Noctuidae]: Host stage preference and functional response (1985)
    Springer
    BioControl 30 (1985), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: parasitoid,Campoletis sonorensis ; Ichneumonidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Noctuidae temperature response ; density response ; United States ; Host stage preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le potentiel du parasiteCampoletis sonorensis comme agent de limitation des populations deSpodoptera frugiperda (FAW) a été évalué face à six densités d'hôtes et à deux températures distinctes. Une réponse fonctionnelle de type II a été observée aux deux températures chez la femelle deC. sonorensis en réponse aux différentes densités de la larve de Noctuelle. Aux densités de 60 et 75, un plus grand nombre de larves a été parasité à 25°C qu'à 30°C. On a découvert que le troisième stade larvaire était choisi de préférence parC. sonorensis pour pondre.
    Notes: Abstract The response of the parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron) as a natural control agent of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was evaluated at 6 host densities and 2 temperature regime. A type-II functional response was exhibited by femaleC. sonorensis in response to varying densities of all armyworn larvae at both temperatures. Significantly more larvae were parasitized at 25°C for the host densities of 60 and 75, than for the same densities at 30°C. Third instar fall armyworm larvae were found to be the preferred stage for parasitization byC. sonorensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372280
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New records for two mosquito predators [Turbellaria: Mesostoma] in the northeastern United States (1985)
    Springer
    BioControl 30 (1985), S. 83-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Mosquitoes ; Culicidae ; Flatworms ; Mesostoma spp. ; predation ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les observations accumulées indiquent que les larves des Plathelminthes mesostomides sont des prédateurs efficaces des larves de moustiques. Cette note présente les premières mentions de 3Mesostoma Ehrenberg incluant 2 prédateurs de moustiques.Mesostoma californicum Hyman,Mesostoma vernale Hyman, etMesostoma sp. cf.lingua Abildgaard furent découverts dans une mare temporaire du Massachusetts.M. californicum etM. sp. cf.lingua ont été reconnus comme des prédateurs efficaces des larves de moustiques.
    Notes: Abstract The accumulated data indicate that mesostomid flatworms are efficient predators of mosquito larvae. This paper presents the 1st published records for 3Mesostoma Ehrenberg, including 2 predators of mosquitoes.Mesostoma californicum Hyman,Mesostoma vernale Hyman, andMesostoma sp. cf.lingua Abildgaard were discovered in a temporary pool in Massachusetts.M. californicum andM. sp. cf.lingua were found to be efficient predators on mosquitoe larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372287
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  • 8
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    Two forms of autosomal chronic granulomatous disease lack distinct neutrophil cytosol factors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: Chronic granulomatous diseases of childhood (CGD) are a group of disorders of phagocytic cell superoxide (O2.-) production (respiratory burst). Anion exchange chromatography separated from normal neutrophil cytosol a 47-kilodalton neutrophil cytosol factor, NCF-1, that restored activity to defective neutrophil cytosol from most patients with autosomally inherited CGD in a cell-free O2.--generating system. A 65-kilodalton factor, NCF-2, restored activity to defective neutrophil cytosol from one patient with autosomal CGD. NCF-1, NCF-2, and a third cytosol fraction, NCF-3, were inactive alone or in pairs, but together replaced unfractionated cytosol in cell-free O2.- generation. Neutrophils deficient in NCF-1, but not NCF-2, did not phosphorylate the 47-kilodalton protein. It is proposed that NCF-1, NCF-2, and NCF-3 are essential for generation of O2.- by phagocytic cells and that genetic abnormalities of these cytosol components can result in the CGD phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nunoi, H -- Rotrosen, D -- Gallin, J I -- Malech, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1298-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bacterial Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2848319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Western ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Weight ; Neutrophils/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Superoxides/*biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Crisis in biosystematics of arthropods (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, J H Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropod Vectors ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Transcription factor OTF-1 is functionally identical to the DNA replication factor NF-III (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: Octamer transcription factor-1 (OTF-1) and nuclear factor III (NF-III) are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that activate transcription and DNA replication, respectively. It is shown here that OTF-1 is physically and biologically indistinguishable from NF-III. This conclusion is based on the following observations. First, the two proteins have identical mobilities by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Second, OTF-1 binds to the adenovirus origin of DNA replication at the same site and with the same affinity as NF-III. Third, OTF-1 can substitute for NF-III in activating the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro. Fourth, the ability of OTF-1 to stimulate viral DNA replication is dependent on the presence of an intact NF-III binding site within the origin of replication. Fifth, NF-III can substitute for OTF-1 in activating in vitro transcription from the human histone H2b promoter. These data suggest the possibility that NF-III/OTF-1 is a protein that functions in both cellular DNA replication and transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Neill, E A -- Fletcher, C -- Burrow, C R -- Heintz, N -- Roeder, R G -- Kelly, T J -- CA16519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA42567/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R0IGM32544/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1210-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/physiology ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/genetics ; Host Cell Factor C1 ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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