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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,365)
  • General Chemistry  (3,321)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Computer Programming and Software
  • Elasticity
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 2010-2014  (535)
  • 2000-2004  (1,600)
  • 1935-1939  (6,898)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-05-16
    Description: Groundwater use in California's San Joaquin Valley exceeds replenishment of the aquifer, leading to substantial diminution of this resource and rapid subsidence of the valley floor. The volume of groundwater lost over the past century and a half also represents a substantial reduction in mass and a large-scale unburdening of the lithosphere, with significant but unexplored potential impacts on crustal deformation and seismicity. Here we use vertical global positioning system measurements to show that a broad zone of rock uplift of up to 1-3 mm per year surrounds the southern San Joaquin Valley. The observed uplift matches well with predicted flexure from a simple elastic model of current rates of water-storage loss, most of which is caused by groundwater depletion. The height of the adjacent central Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada is strongly seasonal and peaks during the dry late summer and autumn, out of phase with uplift of the valley floor during wetter months. Our results suggest that long-term and late-summer flexural uplift of the Coast Ranges reduce the effective normal stress resolved on the San Andreas Fault. This process brings the fault closer to failure, thereby providing a viable mechanism for observed seasonality in microseismicity at Parkfield and potentially affecting long-term seismicity rates for fault systems adjacent to the valley. We also infer that the observed contemporary uplift of the southern Sierra Nevada previously attributed to tectonic or mantle-derived forces is partly a consequence of human-caused groundwater depletion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amos, Colin B -- Audet, Pascal -- Hammond, William C -- Burgmann, Roland -- Johanson, Ingrid A -- Blewitt, Geoffrey -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 22;509(7501):483-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13275. Epub 2014 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9080, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. ; Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology and Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. ; 1] Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4760, USA [2] Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 97720-4767, USA. ; Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4760, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; California ; Earthquakes/*statistics & numerical data ; Elasticity ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geographic Information Systems ; Groundwater/*analysis ; *Models, Theoretical ; Seasons ; Water Supply/analysis/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: When mounted on the skin, modern sensors, circuits, radios, and power supply systems have the potential to provide clinical-quality health monitoring capabilities for continuous use, beyond the confines of traditional hospital or laboratory facilities. The most well-developed component technologies are, however, broadly available only in hard, planar formats. As a result, existing options in system design are unable to effectively accommodate integration with the soft, textured, curvilinear, and time-dynamic surfaces of the skin. Here, we describe experimental and theoretical approaches for using ideas in soft microfluidics, structured adhesive surfaces, and controlled mechanical buckling to achieve ultralow modulus, highly stretchable systems that incorporate assemblies of high-modulus, rigid, state-of-the-art functional elements. The outcome is a thin, conformable device technology that can softly laminate onto the surface of the skin to enable advanced, multifunctional operation for physiological monitoring in a wireless mode.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Sheng -- Zhang, Yihui -- Jia, Lin -- Mathewson, Kyle E -- Jang, Kyung-In -- Kim, Jeonghyun -- Fu, Haoran -- Huang, Xian -- Chava, Pranav -- Wang, Renhan -- Bhole, Sanat -- Wang, Lizhe -- Na, Yoon Joo -- Guan, Yue -- Flavin, Matthew -- Han, Zheshen -- Huang, Yonggang -- Rogers, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):70-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Elasticity ; Electrocardiography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/instrumentation/methods ; Electroencephalography/instrumentation/methods ; Electromyography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrooculography ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Male ; Microfluidics/*instrumentation ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/*instrumentation/methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic/*instrumentation/methods ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Silicone Elastomers ; *Skin ; Wireless Technology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Each proposal for a NASA mission concept includes a Science Traceability Matrix (STM), intended to show that what is being proposed would contribute to satisfying one or more of the agency's top-level science goals. But the information traditionally provided cannot be used directly to quantitatively compare anticipated science return. We added numerical elements to NASA's STM and developed a software tool to process the data. We then applied this methodology to evaluate a group of competing concepts for a proposed mission to Saturn's moon, Titan.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: A database can greatly benefit a quantitative analysis. The defining characteristic of a quantitative risk, or reliability, model is the use of failure estimate data. Models can easily contain a thousand Basic Events, relying on hundreds of individual data sources. Obviously, entering so much data by hand will eventually lead to errors. Not so obviously entering data this way does not aid linking the Basic Events to the data sources. The best way to organize large amounts of data on a computer is with a database. But a model does not require a large, enterprise-level database with dedicated developers and administrators. A database built in Excel can be quite sufficient. A simple spreadsheet database can link every Basic Event to the individual data source selected for them. This database can also contain the manipulations appropriate for how the data is used in the model. These manipulations include stressing factors based on use and maintenance cycles, dormancy, unique failure modes, the modeling of multiple items as a single "Super component" Basic Event, and Bayesian Updating based on flight and testing experience. A simple, unique metadata field in both the model and database provides a link from any Basic Event in the model to its data source and all relevant calculations. The credibility for the entire model often rests on the credibility and traceability of the data.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-30914 , Annual Technical Symposium; May 09, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The original project to be completed, GenSim, was a Generic Simulator for Application Control Language scripts. This would mock the systems on which the scripts were meant to be run on so that you could run tests without access to the machine. Soon after the project was started, a different project took priority. Unit testing the Application Services Framework code became the focus of the team because of approaching deadlines. Communication was very important to ensure that code wasn't being duplicated and to keep the team up to date with what mock files are available to them. Because of this, daily meetings were conducted until the testing was complete.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14094
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: My internship consisted of two major projects for the Launch Control System.The purpose of the first project was to implement the Application Control Language (ACL) to Activate Data Acquisition (ADA) and to Inhibit Data Acquisition (IDA) the Kennedy Ground Control Sub-Systems (KGCS) Gateway, to update existing Pad-B End Item Control (EIC) Display to program the ADA and IDA buttons with new ACL, and to test and release the ACL Display.The second project consisted of unit testing all of the Application Services Framework (ASF) by March 21st. The XmlFileReader was unit tested and reached 100 coverage. The XmlFileReader class is used to grab information from XML files and use them to initialize elements in the other framework elements by using the Xerces C++ XML Parser; which is open source commercial off the shelf software. The ScriptThread was also tested. ScriptThread manages the creation and activation of script threads. A large amount of the time was used in initializing the environment and learning how to set up unit tests and getting familiar with the specific segments of the project that were assigned to us.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14145
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  • 7
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: System monitoring and control (SMC) message browsers receive so many messages daily that operators are unable to keep track all of them. Important messages are often mixed up among the less important ones. My job is to reduce the messages so that warning and emergency messages can be seen easily and therefore, responded promptly. There are multiple methods to achieve this. Firstly, messages that look the same should not appear many times in the message browser. Instead, the message should appear only once but with a number that counts the times that it appears. This method is called duplicate message suppression. Messages that display "normal" or "advisory" alarm level should be suppressed. Secondly, messages that update the most recent status of a system should replace the old-status messages. This method is called state based message correlation. Thirdly, some unnecessary messages should be sent straight to history after being displayed or not displayed at all. For an example, normal messages that are not a response to an operator's action should not be displayed. I also work on fixing messages that are not color-coded and formatted properly.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14073
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present an active learning algorithm for inferring extended finite state machines (EFSM)s, combining data flow and control behavior. Key to our learning technique is a novel learning model based on so-called tree queries. The learning algorithm uses the tree queries to infer symbolic data constraints on parameters, e.g., sequence numbers, time stamps, identifiers, or even simple arithmetic. We describe sufficient conditions for the properties that the symbolic constraints provided by a tree query in general must have to be usable in our learning model. We have evaluated our algorithm in a black-box scenario, where tree queries are realized through (black-box) testing. Our case studies include connection establishment in TCP and a priority queue from the Java Class Library.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN16017 , SEFM 2014; Sep 01, 2014 - Sep 05, 2014; Grenoble; France
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper, the task of parsing and matching inconsistent, poorly formed text data through the use of parser combinators and fuzzy matching is discussed. An object-oriented implementation of the parser combinator technique is used to allow for a relatively simple interface for adapting base parsers. For matching tasks, a fuzzy matching algorithm with Levenshtein distance calculations is implemented to match string pair, which are otherwise difficult to match due to the aforementioned irregularities and errors in one or both pair members. Used in concert, the two techniques allow parsing and matching operations to be performed which had previously only been done manually.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ICAI-ICA3416 , NF1676L-18907 , International Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Jul 21, 2014 - Jul 24, 2014; Las Vegas, NV; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Developers working in Computational Science & Engineering (CSE)/High Performance Computing (HPC) must contend with constant change due to advances in computing technology and science. Test Driven Development (TDD) is a methodology that mitigates software development risks due to change at the cost of adding comprehensive and continuous testing to the development process. Testing frameworks tailored for CSE/HPC, like pFUnit, can lower the barriers to such testing, yet CSE software faces unique constraints foreign to the broader software engineering community. Effective testing of numerical software requires a comprehensive suite of oracles, i.e., use cases with known answers, as well as robust estimates for the unavoidable numerical errors associated with implementation with finite-precision arithmetic. At first glance these concerns often seem exceedingly challenging or even insurmountable for real-world scientific applications. However, we argue that this common perception is incorrect and driven by (1) a conflation between model validation and software verification and (2) the general tendency in the scientific community to develop relatively coarse-grained, large procedures that compound numerous algorithmic steps.We believe TDD can be applied routinely to numerical software if developers pursue fine-grained implementations that permit testing, neatly side-stepping concerns about needing nontrivial oracles as well as the accumulation of errors. We present an example of a successful, complex legacy CSE/HPC code whose development process shares some aspects with TDD, which we contrast with current and potential capabilities. A mix of our proposed methodology and framework support should enable everyday use of TDD by CSE-expert developers.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN17909 , International Workshop on Software Engineering for High Performance Computing in Computational Science & Engineering; Nov 21, 2014; New Orleans, LA; United States
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  • 11
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Querying a safety case to show how the various stakeholders' concerns about system safety are addressed has been put forth as one of the benefits of argument-based assurance (in a recent study by the Health Foundation, UK, which reviewed the use of safety cases in safety-critical industries). However, neither the literature nor current practice offer much guidance on querying mechanisms appropriate for, or available within, a safety case paradigm. This paper presents a preliminary approach that uses a formal basis for querying safety cases, specifically Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) argument structures. Our approach semantically enriches GSN arguments with domain-specific metadata that the query language leverages, along with its inherent structure, to produce views. We have implemented the approach in our toolset AdvoCATE, and illustrate it by application to a fragment of the safety argument for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) being developed at NASA Ames. We also discuss the potential practical utility of our query mechanism within the context of the existing framework for UAS safety assurance.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN17048 , SafeComp 2014; Sep 10, 2014 - Sep 12, 2014; Florence; Italy
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: General overview of NASA's IVV Program organizational structure and office functions.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN15793 , NASA''s IV&V Boot Camp; Apr 01, 2014; Fairmont, WV; United States
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  • 13
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We developed software that provides flexibility to mission organizations through modularity and composability. Modularity enables removal and addition of functionality through the installation of plug-ins. Composability enables users to assemble software from pre-built reusable objects, thus reducing or eliminating the walls associated with traditional application architectures and enabling unique combinations of functionality. We have used composable objects to reduce display build time, create workflows, and build scenarios to test concepts for lunar roving operations. The software is open source, and may be downloaded from https:github.comnasamct.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN14395 , International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2014); May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena CA; United States
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper we present a novel lightweight approach to validate compilers for synchronous languages. Instead of verifying a compiler for all input programs or providing a fixed suite of regression tests, we extend the compiler to generate a test-suite with high behavioral coverage and geared towards discovery of faults for every compiled artifact. We have implemented and evaluated our approach using a compiler from Lustre to C.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN14363 , NASA Formal Methods 2014; Apr 29, 2014; Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; United States
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present a tool for the automatic generation of test stimuli for small numerical support functions, e.g., code for trigonometric functions, quaternions, filters, or table lookup. Our tool is based on KLEE to produce a set of test stimuli for full path coverage. We use a method of iterative deepening over abstractions to deal with floating-point values. During actual testing the stimuli exercise the code against a reference implementation. We illustrate our approach with results of experiments with low-level trigonometric functions, interpolation routines, and mathematical support functions from an open source UAS autopilot.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN13554 , NASA Formal Methods Symposium 2014 (NFM 2014); Apr 29, 2014 - May 01, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 16
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This tutorial will introduce Fortran developers to unit-testing and test-driven development (TDD) using pFUnit. As with other unit-testing frameworks, pFUnit, simplifies the process of writing, collecting, and executing tests while providing clear diagnostic messages for failing tests. pFUnit specifically targets the development of scientific-technical software written in Fortran and includes customized features such as: assertions for multi-dimensional arrays, distributed (MPI) and thread-based (OpenMP) parallellism, and flexible parameterized tests.These sessions will include numerous examples and hands-on exercises that gradually build in complexity. Attendees are expected to have working knowledge of F90, but familiarity with object-oriented syntax in F2003 and MPI will be of benefit for the more advanced examples. By the end of the tutorial the audience should feel comfortable in applying pFUnit within their own development environment.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN14114 , SEA Software Engineering Conference 2014; Apr 07, 2014 - Apr 11, 2014; Boulder, Colorado; United States
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To analyze a large system, one often needs to break it into smaller components.To analyze a component or unit under analysis, one needs to model its context of execution, called environment, which represents the components with which the unit interacts. Environment generation is a challenging problem, because the environment needs to be general enough to uncover unit errors, yet precise enough to make the analysis tractable. In this paper, we present a tool for automated environment generation for open components and systems. The tool, called OCSEGen, is implemented on top of the Soot framework. We present the tool's current support and discuss its possible future extensions.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN12545 , International Workshop on the State Of the Art in Java Program Analysis (SOAP 2013); Jun 20, 2013; Seattle, WA; United States
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper introduces iProperty, a novel approach that facilitates incremental checking of programs based on a property di erencing technique. Speci cally, iProperty aims to reduce the cost of checking properties as they are initially developed and as they co-evolve with the program. The key novelty of iProperty is to compute the di erences between the new and old versions of expected properties to reduce the number and size of the properties that need to be checked during the initial development of the properties. Furthermore, property di erencing is used in synergy with program behavior di erencing techniques to optimize common regression scenarios, such as detecting regression errors or checking feature additions for conformance to new expected properties. Experimental results in the context of symbolic execution of Java programs annotated with properties written as assertions show the e ectiveness of iProperty in utilizing change information to enable more ecient checking.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NF1676L-17478 , International Conference on Software Engineering; May 31, 2014 - Jun 07, 2014; Hyderabad; India
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Requirements are a part of every project life cycle; everything going forward in a project depends on them. Good requirements are hard to write, there are few useful tools to test, verify, or check them, and it is difficult to properly marry them to the subsequent design, especially if the requirements are written in natural language. In fact, the inconsistencies and errors in the requirements along with the difficulty in finding these errors contribute greatly to the cost of the testing and verification stage of flight software projects [1]. Large projects tend to have several thousand requirements written at various levels by different groups of people. The design process is distributed and a lack of widely accepted standards for requirements often results in a product that varies widely in style and quality. A simple way to improve this would be to standardize the design process using a set of tools and widely accepted requirements design constraints. The difficulty with this approach is finding the appropriate constraints and tools. Common complaints against the tools available include ease of use, functionality, and available features. Also, although preferable, it is rare that these tools are capable of testing the quality of the requirements.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-31386 , IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE); Aug 25, 2014 - Aug 29, 2014; Karlskrona; Sweden
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent work on workspace monitoring allows conflict prediction early in the development process, however, these approaches mostly use syntactic differencing techniques to compare different program versions. In contrast, traditional change-impact analysis techniques analyze related versions of the program only after the code has been checked into the master repository. We propose a novel approach, De- CAF (Development Context Analysis Framework), that leverages the development context to scope a change impact analysis technique. The goal is to characterize the impact of each developer on other developers in the team. There are various client applications such as task prioritization, early conflict detection, and providing advice on testing that can benefit from such a characterization. The DeCAF framework leverages information from the development context to bound the iDiSE change impact analysis technique to analyze only the parts of the code base that are of interest. Bounding the analysis can enable DeCAF to efficiently compute the impact of changes using a combination of program dependence and symbolic execution based approaches.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN13719 , International Conference on Software Engineering, New Ideas and Emerging Results (NIER) 2013; May 31, 2014 - Jun 07, 2014; Hyderabad; India
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes the adoption of a Test Driven Development approach and a Continuous Integration System in the development of the Trick Simulation Toolkit, a generic simulation development environment for creating high fidelity training and engineering simulations at the NASA Johnson Space Center and many other NASA facilities. It describes the approach, and the significant benefits seen, such as fast, thorough and clear test feedback every time code is checked into the code repository. It also describes an approach that encourages development of code that is testable and adaptable.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-28940 , AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference; Jan 13, 2014 - Jan 17, 2014; National Harbor, MD; United States
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ACM High-Integrity Language Technology (HILT) 2014; Oct 18, 2014 - Oct 21, 2014; Portland, OR; United States
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: For nearly a decade, NASA and many researchers in the international community have been developing Internet-like protocols that allow for automated network operations in networks where the individual links between nodes are only sporadically connected. A family of Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) protocols has been developed, and many are reaching CCSDS Blue Book status. A NASA version of DTN known as the Interplanetary Overlay Network (ION) has been flight-tested on the EPOXI spacecraft and ION is currently being tested on the International Space Station. Experience has shown that in order for a DTN service-provider to set up a large scale multi-node network, a number of network monitor and control technologies need to be fielded as well as the basic DTN protocols. The NASA DTN program is developing a standardized means of querying a DTN node to ascertain its operational status, known as the DTN Management Protocol (DTNMP), and the program has developed some prototypes of DTNMP software. While DTNMP is a necessary component, it is not sufficient to accomplish Network Monitor and Control of a DTN network. JPL is developing a suite of tools that provide for network visualization, performance monitoring and ION node control software. This suite of network monitor and control tools complements the GSFC and APL-developed DTN MP software, and the combined package can form the basis for flight operations using DTN.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2014); May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 24
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2014); May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mission Design and Navigation at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has implemented an automation framework tool to assist in orbit determination and maneuver design analysis. This paper describes the lessons learned from previous automation tools and how they have been implemented in this tool. In addition this tool has revealed challenges in software implementation, testing, and user education. This paper describes some of these challenges and invites others to share their experiences.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: SpaceOps 2014 International Conference on Space Operations; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps) 2014; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This talk discusses the new aspects of Giovanni-4. Covered in the talk are new features in Giovanni-4, including shape fileservices, seasonal analysis services, the Omnibus Portal, navigation among variables, and comparison services.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN19615 , 2014 Gregory G. Leptoukh Online Giovanni Workshop; Nov 10, 2014; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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  • 28
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: Workshop on Spacecraft Flight Software; Dec 16, 2014 - Dec 18, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 29
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This presentation describes the Nagios 4 APIs and how the NASA Advanced Supercomputing at Ames Research Center is employing them to upgrade its graphical status display (the HUD) and explain why it's worth trying to use them yourselves.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN18436 , Nagios World Conference 2014; Oct 13, 2014 - Oct 16, 2014; St. Paul, MN; United States
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The scope of this assessment was to develop a library of basic 1-Gravity (G) human posture and motion elements used to construct complex virtual simulations of ground processing and maintenance tasks for spaceflight vehicles, including launch vehicles, crewed spacecraft, robotic spacecraft, satellites, and other payloads. The report herein describes the task, its purpose, performance, findings, NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) recommendations, and conclusions in the definition and assemblage of the postures and motions database (PMD).
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218263 , NESC-RP-12-00774 , L-20417 , NF1676L-18930
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  • 31
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This internship assignment for spring 2014 was at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), in NASAs Engineering and Technology (NE) group in support of the Control and Data Systems Division (NE-C) within the Systems Hardware Engineering Branch. (NEC-4) The primary focus was in system integration and benchmarking utilizing two separate computer software products. The first half of this 2014 internship is spent in assisting NE-C4s Electronics and Embedded Systems Engineer, Kelvin Ruiz and fellow intern Scott Ditto with the evaluation of a newly piece of software, called G2. Its developed by the Gensym Corporation and introduced to the group as a tool used in monitoring launch environments. All fellow interns and employees of the G2 group have been working together in order to better understand the significance of the G2 application and how KSC can benefit from its capabilities. The second stage of this Spring project is to assist with an ongoing integration of a benchmarking tool, developed by a group of engineers from a Canadian based organization known as TSO Logic. Guided by NE-C4s Computer Engineer, Allen Villorin, NASA 2014 interns put forth great effort in helping to integrate TSOs software into the Spaceport Processing Systems Development Laboratory (SPSDL) for further testing and evaluating. The TSO Logic group claims that their software is designed for, monitoring and reducing energy consumption at in-house server farms and large data centers, allows data centers to control the power state of servers, without impacting availability or performance and without changes to infrastructure and the focus of the assignment is to test this theory. TSOs Aaron Rallo Founder and CEO, and Chris Tivel CTO, both came to KSC to assist with the installation of their software in the SPSDL laboratory. TSOs software is installed onto 24 individual workstations running three different operating systems. The workstations were divided into three groups of 8 with each group having its own operating system. The first group is comprised of Ubuntus Debian -based Linux the second group is windows 7 Professional and the third group ran Red Hat Linux. The highlight of this portion of the assignment is to compose documentation expressing the overall impression of the software and its capabilities.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14390
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper describes concepts for secure naming and addressing directed at Store, Carry and Forward (SCF) distributed applications, where disconnection and intermittent connectivity between forwarding systems is the norm. The paper provides a brief overview of store, carry and forward distributed applications followed by an in depth discussion of how to securely: create a namespace; allocate names within the namespace; query for names known within a local processing system or connected subnetwork; validate ownership of a given name; authenticate data from a given name; and, encrypt data to a given name. Critical issues such as revocation of names, mobility and the ability to use various namespaces to secure operations or for Quality-of-Service are also presented. Although the concepts presented for naming and addressing have been developed for SCF, they are directly applicable to fully connected systems.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-216665 , E-18880 , GRC-E-DAA-TN12956
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: System monitoring and control (SMC) message browsers receive so many messages daily that operators do not need to see. Important messages are often mixed up among the less important ones. My job is to reduce the messages displayed in the message browser so that warning and emergency messages can be seen easily and therefore, responded promptly. There are multiple methods to achieve this. Firstly, duplicate messages should not appear many times in the message browser. Instead, the message should appear only once but with a number that counts the times that it appears. This method is called duplicate message suppression. Secondly, messages that update the most recent state (e.g. up/down) of a component should replace the old-state messages. This method is called state based message correlation. Thirdly, messages that display "normal" alarm level should be suppressed unless it's a response to an operator action. In addition to message reduction, I also work on correcting the severity level and text formats on messages.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14275
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Additive manufacturing is coming into industrial use and has several desirable attributes. Control of the deposition remains a complex challenge, and so this literature review was initiated to capture current modeling efforts in the field of additive manufacturing. This paper summarizes about 10 years of modeling and simulation related to both welding and additive manufacturing. The goals were to learn who is doing what in modeling and simulation, to summarize various approaches taken to create models, and to identify research gaps. Later sections in the report summarize implications for closed-loop-control of the process, implications for local research efforts, and implications for local modeling efforts.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218245 , L-20391 , NF1676L-18606
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In the software development process, code needs to be tested before it can be packaged for release in order to make sure the program actually does what it says is supposed to happen as well as to check how the program deals with errors and edge cases (such as negative or very large numbers). One of the major parts of the testing process is unit testing, where you test specific units of the code to make sure each individual part of the code works. This project is about unit testing many different components of the ACL software and fixing any errors encountered. To do this, mocks of other objects need to be created and every line of code needs to be exercised to make sure every case is accounted for. Mocks are important to make because it gives direct control of the environment the unit lives in instead of attempting to work with the entire program. This makes it easier to achieve the second goal of exercising every line of code.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14334
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Symbolic execution is a program analysis technique that is used for many purposes, one of which is test-case generation. For loop-free programs, this generates a test-set that achieves path coverage. Program loops, however, imply exponential growth of the number of paths in the best case and non-termination in the worst case. In practice, the number of loop unwindings needs to be bounded for analysis. We consider symbolic execution in the context of the tool Symbolic Pathfinder. This tool extends the model-checker Java Pathfinder and relies on its bounded state-space exploration for termination. We present an implementation of k-bounded loop unwinding, which increases the amount of user-control over the symbolic execution of loops. Bounded unwinding can be viewed as a naive way to prune paths through loops. When using symbolic execution for test-case generation, naively pruning paths is likely at the cost of coverage. In order to improve coverage of branches within a loop body, we present a technique that semi-automatically concretizes variables used in a loop. The basic technique is limited and we therefore present annotations to manually steer symbolic execution towards certain branches, as well as ideas on how the technique can be extended to be more widely applicable.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN19779 , Java PathFinder Workshop 2014; Nov 07, 2014; Salt Lake City, UT; United States
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  • 37
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-23
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN18304-1 , Symposium on Overset Composite Grids and Solution Technology; Oct 06, 2014 - Oct 09, 2014; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 38
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-25
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN18304-2 , Symposium on Overset Composite Grids and Solution Technology; Oct 06, 2014 - Oct 09, 2014; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN18164 , Symposium on Overset Composite Grids and Solution Technology; Oct 06, 2014 - Oct 09, 2014; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Probabilistic software analysis seeks to quantify the likelihood of reaching a target event under uncertain environments. Recent approaches compute probabilities of execution paths using symbolic execution, but do not support nondeterminism. Nondeterminism arises naturally when no suitable probabilistic model can capture a program behavior, e.g., for multithreading or distributed systems. In this work, we propose a technique, based on symbolic execution, to synthesize schedulers that resolve nondeterminism to maximize the probability of reaching a target event. To scale to large systems, we also introduce approximate algorithms to search for good schedulers, speeding up established random sampling and reinforcement learning results through the quantification of path probabilities based on symbolic execution. We implemented the techniques in Symbolic PathFinder and evaluated them on nondeterministic Java programs. We show that our algorithms significantly improve upon a state-of- the-art statistical model checking algorithm, originally developed for Markov Decision Processes.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN16321 , IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2014); 15-19 Sept. 2014; Vasteras; Sweden
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-08-24
    Description: A digital communication decoding method for low-density parity-check coded messages. The decoding method decodes the low-density parity-check coded messages within a bipartite graph having check nodes and variable nodes. Messages from check nodes are partially hard limited, so that every message which would otherwise have a magnitude at or above a certain level is re-assigned to a maximum magnitude.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The HEMAP (Human Engineering Modeling and Performance) Lab is a joint effort between the Industrial and Human Engineering group and the KAVE (Kennedy Advanced Visualiations Environment) group. The lab consists of sixteen camera system that is used to capture human motions and operational tasks, through te use of a Velcro suit equipped with sensors, and then simulate these tasks in an ergonomic software package know as Jac, The Jack software is able to identify the potential risk hazards.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN14617
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The User Guide details the Access Database provided with the Flight Deck Interval Management (FIM) Display Elements, Information, & Annunciations program. The goal of this User Guide is to support ease of use and the ability to quickly retrieve and select items of interest from the Database. The Database includes FIM Concepts identified in a literature review preceding the publication of this document. Only items that are directly related to FIM (e.g., spacing indicators), which change or enable FIM (e.g., menu with control buttons), or which are affected by FIM (e.g., altitude reading) are included in the database. The guide has been expanded from previous versions to cover database structure, content, and search features with voiced explanations.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/CR-2014-218665 , NF1676L-20391
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The FAST application was designed to replace the paper and pen method of checking out and checking in GSA Vehicles at KSC. By innovating from a paper and pen based checkout system to a fully digital one, not only the resources wasted by printing the checkout forms have been reduced, but it also reduces significantly the time that users and fleet managers need to interact with the system as well as improving the record accuracy for each vehicle. The vehicle information is pulled from a centralized database server in the SPSDL. In an attempt to add a new feature to the FAST application, the author of this report (alongside the FAST developers) has been designing and developing the FAST Management Website. The GSA fleet managers had to rely on the FAST developers in order to add new vehicles, edit vehicles and previous transactions, or for generating vehicles reports. By providing an easy-to-use FAST Management Website portal, the GSA fleet managers are now able to easily move vehicles, edit records, and print reports.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN19398
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Hyperspectral imaging systems onboard aircraft or spacecraft can acquire large amounts of data, putting a strain on limited downlink and storage resources. Onboard data compression can mitigate this problem but may require a system capable of a high throughput. In order to achieve a high throughput with a software compressor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation of a compressor was developed targeting the current state-of-the-art GPUs from NVIDIA(R). The implementation is based on the fast lossless (FL) compression algorithm reported in "Fast Lossless Compression of Multispectral-Image Data" (NPO- 42517), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 30, No. 8 (August 2006), page 26, which operates on hyperspectral data and achieves excellent compression performance while having low complexity. The FL compressor uses an adaptive filtering method and achieves state-of-the-art performance in both compression effectiveness and low complexity. The new Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Standard for Lossless Multispectral & Hyperspectral image compression (CCSDS 123) is based on the FL compressor. The software makes use of the highly-parallel processing capability of GPUs to achieve a throughput at least six times higher than that of a software implementation running on a single-core CPU. This implementation provides a practical real-time solution for compression of data from airborne hyperspectral instruments.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NPO-48571 , NASA Tech Briefs, January 2014; 22
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A self-stabilizing network in the form of an arbitrary, non-partitioned digraph includes K nodes having a synchronizer executing a protocol. K-1 monitors of each node may receive a Sync message transmitted from a directly connected node. When the Sync message is received, the logical clock value for the receiving node is set to between 0 and a communication latency value (gamma) if the clock value is less than a minimum event-response delay (D). A new Sync message is also transmitted to any directly connected nodes if the clock value is greater than or equal to both D and a graph threshold (T(sub S)). When the Sync message is not received the synchronizer increments the clock value if the clock value is less than a resynchronization period (P), and resets the clock value and transmits a new Sync message to all directly connected nodes when the clock value equals or exceeds P.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A system for configuring telemetry transponder cards uses a database of error checking protocol data structures, each containing data to implement at least one CCSDS protocol algorithm. Using a user interface, a user selects at least one telemetry specific error checking protocol from the database. A compiler configures an FPGA with the data from the data structures to implement the error checking protocol.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In January of 2004 both of the Mars Exploration Rover spacecraft landed safely, initiating daily surface operations at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for what was anticipated to be approximately three months of mobile exploration. The longevity of this mission, still ongoing after ten years, has provided not only a tremendous return of scientific data but also the opportunity to refine and improve the methodology by which robotic Mars surface missions are commanded. Since the landing of the Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft in August of 2012, this methodology has been successfully applied to operate a Martian rover which is both similar to, and quite different from, its predecessors. For MER and MSL, daily uplink operations can be most broadly viewed as converting the combined interests of both the science and engineering teams into a spacecraft-safe set of transmittable command files. In order to accomplish these ends a discrete set of mission-critical software tools were developed which not only allowed for conformation to established JPL standards and practices but also enabled innovative technologies specific to each mission. Although these primary programs provided the requisite capabilities for meeting the high-level goals of each distinct phase of the uplink process, there was little in the way of secondary software to support the smooth flow of data from one phase to the next. In order to address this shortcoming a suite of small software tools was developed to aid in phase transitions, as well as to automate some of the more laborious and error-prone aspects of uplink operations. This paper describes the evolution of this software suite, from its initial attempts to merely shorten the duration of the operator's shift, to its current role as an indispensable tool enforcing workflow of the uplink operations process and agilely responding to the new and unexpected challenges of missions which can, and have, lasted many years longer than originally anticipated.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: SpaceOps 2014 International Conference on Space Operations; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Jet Propulsion Laboratory uses multi-mission software produced by the Mission Planning and Sequencing (MPS) team to process, simulate, translate, and package the commands that are sent to a spacecraft. MPS works under the auspices of the Multi-Mission Ground Systems and Services (MGSS). This software consists of nineteen applications that are in maintenance. The MPS software is classified as either class B (mission critical) or class C (mission important). The scheduling of tasks is difficult because mission needs must be addressed prior to performing any other tasks and those needs often spring up unexpectedly. Keeping track of the tasks that everyone is working on is also difficult because each person is working on a different software component. Recently the group adopted the Scrum methodology for planning and scheduling tasks. Scrum is one of the newer methodologies typically used in agile development. In the Scrum development environment, teams pick their tasks that are to be completed within a sprint based on priority. The team specifies the sprint length usually a month or less. Scrum is typically used for new development of one application. In the Scrum methodology there is a scrum master who is a facilitator who tries to make sure that everything moves smoothly, a product owner who represents the user(s) of the software and the team. MPS is not the traditional environment for the Scrum methodology. MPS has many software applications in maintenance, team members who are working on disparate applications, many users, and is interruptible based on mission needs, issues and requirements. In order to use scrum, the methodology needed adaptation to MPS. Scrum was chosen because it is adaptable. This paper is about the development of the process for using scrum, a new development methodology, with a team that works on disparate interruptible tasks on multiple software applications.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Compositional verification techniques in the assume- guarantee style have been successfully applied to transition systems to efficiently reduce the search space by leveraging the compositional nature of the systems under consideration. We adapt these techniques to the domain of hybrid systems with affine dynamics. To build assumptions we introduce an abstraction based on location merging. We integrate the assume-guarantee style analysis with automatic abstraction refinement. We have implemented our approach in the symbolic hybrid model checker SpaceEx. The evaluation shows its practical potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work combining assume-guarantee reasoning with automatic abstraction-refinement in the context of hybrid automata.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN19484 , International Haifa Verification Conference (HVC 2014); Nov 18, 2014 - Nov 20, 2014; Haifa; Israel
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We explore a transformational approach to the problem of verifying simple array-manipulating programs. Traditionally, verification of such programs requires intricate analysis machinery to reason with universally quantified statements about symbolic array segments, such as "every data item stored in the segment A[i] to A[j] is equal to the corresponding item stored in the segment B[i] to B[j]." We define a simple abstract machine which allows for set-valued variables and we show how to translate programs with array operations to array-free code for this machine. For the purpose of program analysis, the translated program remains faithful to the semantics of array manipulation. Based on our implementation in LLVM, we evaluate the approach with respect to its ability to extract useful invariants and the cost in terms of code size.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN19460 , International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR 2014); Sep 09, 2014 - Sep 11, 2014; Canterbury; United Kingdom
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The purpose of the Simulation Product Group of the Control and Data Systems division of the NASA Engineering branch at Kennedy Space Center is to provide a realtime model and simulation of the Ground Subsystems participating in vehicle launching activities. The simulation software is part of the Spaceport Command and Control System (SCCS) and is designed to support integrated launch operation software verification, and console operator training. Using Mathworks Simulink tools, modeling engineers currently build models from the custom-built blocks to accurately represent ground hardware. This is time consuming and costly due to required rigorous testing and peer reviews to be conducted for each custom-built block. Using Mathworks Simscape tools, modeling time can be reduced since there would be no custom-code developed. After careful research, the group came to the conclusion it is feasible to use Simscape's blocks in MatLab's Simulink. My project this fall was to verify the accuracy of the Crew Access Arm model developed using Simscape tools running in the Simulink development environment.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN18107
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: One of the continuing challenges in any Earth science investigation is the discovery and access of useful science content from the increasingly large volumes of Earth science data and related information available online. Current Earth science data systems are designed with the assumption that researchers access data primarily by instrument or geophysical parameter. Those who know exactly the data sets they need can obtain the specific files using these systems. However, in cases where researchers are interested in studying an event of research interest, they must manually assemble a variety of relevant data sets by searching the different distributed data systems. Consequently, there is a need to design and build specialized search and discovery tools in Earth science that can filter through large volumes of distributed online data and information and only aggregate the relevant resources needed to support climatology and case studies. This paper presents a specialized search and discovery tool that automatically creates curated Data Albums. The tool was designed to enable key elements of the search process such as dynamic interaction and sense-making. The tool supports dynamic interaction via different modes of interactivity and visual presentation of information. The compilation of information and data into a Data Album is analogous to a shoebox within the sense-making framework. This tool automates most of the tedious information/data gathering tasks for researchers. Data curation by the tool is achieved via an ontology-based, relevancy ranking algorithm that filters out non-relevant information and data. The curation enables better search results as compared to the simple keyword searches provided by existing data systems in Earth science.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M14-3762
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: One of the continuing challenges in any Earth science investigation is the discovery and access of useful science content from the increasingly large volumes of Earth science data and related information available online. Current Earth science data systems are designed with the assumption that researchers access data primarily by instrument or geophysical parameter. Those who know exactly the data sets they need can obtain the specific files using these systems. However, in cases where researchers are interested in studying an event of research interest, they must manually assemble a variety of relevant data sets by searching the different distributed data systems. Consequently, there is a need to design and build specialized search and discover tools in Earth science that can filter through large volumes of distributed online data and information and only aggregate the relevant resources needed to support climatology and case studies. This paper presents a specialized search and discovery tool that automatically creates curated Data Albums. The tool was designed to enable key elements of the search process such as dynamic interaction and sense-making. The tool supports dynamic interaction via different modes of interactivity and visual presentation of information. The compilation of information and data into a Data Album is analogous to a shoebox within the sense-making framework. This tool automates most of the tedious information/data gathering tasks for researchers. Data curation by the tool is achieved via an ontology-based, relevancy ranking algorithm that filters out nonrelevant information and data. The curation enables better search results as compared to the simple keyword searches provided by existing data systems in Earth science.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M14-3661
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  • 55
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Create a motion validation system using Google Glass and Microsoft Kinect to provide instantaneous feedback for integration with NASA tutorials and procedures.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-31829
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This manual describes the installation and execution of FUN3D version 12.4, including optional dependent packages. FUN3D is a suite of computational fluid dynamics simulation and design tools that uses mixedelement unstructured grids in a large number of formats, including structured multiblock and overset grid systems. A discretely-exact adjoint solver enables efficient gradient-based design and grid adaptation to reduce estimated discretization error. FUN3D is available with and without a reacting, real-gas capability. This generic gas option is available only for those persons that qualify for its beta release status.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218179 , L-20377 , NF1676L-18290
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: NASA Glenn Research Center has developed several important Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) related software packages for different projects in the last 10 years. Three of the software packages have been created with commercial-grade user interfaces and are available to United States entities for download on the NASA Technology Transfer and Partnership Office server (https://sr.grc.nasa.gov/). This article provides brief overviews of the software packages.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218331 , E-18928 , GRC-E-DAA-TN13811
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The era of the shuttle program has come to an end, but only to give rise to newer and more exciting projects. Now is the time of the Orion spacecraft, a work of art designed to exceed all previous endeavors of man. NASA is exiting the time of exploration and is entering a new period, a period of pioneering. With this new mission, many of NASAs organizations must undergo a great deal of change and development to support the Orion missions. The Spaceport Command and Control System (SCCS) is the new system that will provide NASA the ability to launch rockets into orbit and thus control Orion and other spacecraft as the goal of populating Mars becomes ever increasingly tangible. Since the previous control system, Launch Processing System (LPS), was primarily designed to launch the shuttles, SCCS was needed as Kennedy Space Center (KSC) reorganized to a multiuser spaceport for commercial flights, providing a more versatile control over rockets. Within SCCS, is the Launch Control System (LCS), which is the remote software behind the command and monitoring of flight and ground system hardware. This internship at KSC has involved two main components in LCS, including Remote Software Application and Display development. The display environment provides a graphical user interface for an operator to view and see if any cautions are raised, while the remote applications are the backbone that communicate with hardware, and then relay the data back to the displays. These elements go hand in hand as they provide monitoring and control over hardware and software alike from the safety of the Launch Control Center. The remote software applications are written in Application Control Language (ACL), which must undergo unit testing to ensure data integrity. This paper describes both the implementation and writing of unit tests in ACL code for remote software applications, as well as the building of remote displays to be used in the Launch Control Center (LCC).
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN16628
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  • 59
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This 2014 summer internship assignment at John F. Kennedy Space Center (K.S.C) was conducted with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Engineering and Technology (NE) group in support of the Control and Data Systems Division (NE-C) within the Test, Operations & Support Software Engineering Branch (NE-C2). The primary focus of this project was to assist Branch Chief Laurie B. Griffin, to support NASA's Small Payload Launch Integrated Testing Services (SPLITS) mission, by mastering the capabilities of 3-D modeling software called SketchUp. I used SketchUp to create a virtual environment for different laboratories of the NE-00 Division. My mission was to have these models uploaded into a K.S.C Partnerships Website and be used as a visual aid to viewers who browsed the site. The leads of this project were Kay L. Craig, Business and Industry Specialist (AD-A) and Steven E. Cain, (FA-C). I teamed with fellow intern Tait Sorenson of the Flight Structures and Thermal Protection Systems Branch (NE-M5) and met with many K.S.C lab managers willing to display their lab's structure and capabilities. The information collected during these lab tours was vital to the building of the K.S.C Partnerships Website. To accomplish this goal Sorenson and I later teamed with fellow Marketing intern Marlee Pereda-Ramos, of the Spaceport Planning Office In Center Planning And Development (AD-A) Along with Ramos, Tait and I toured an array of laboratories and got first hand exposure to their functions and capabilities.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN15696
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  • 60
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: MADS (Minimization Assistant for Dynamical Systems) is a trajectory optimization code in which a user-specified performance measure is directly minimized, subject to constraints placed on a low-order discretization of user-supplied plant ordinary differential equations. This document describes the mathematical formulation of the set of trajectory optimization problems for which MADS is suitable, and describes the user interface. Usage examples are provided.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218532 , L-20256 , NF1676L-16587
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This manual describes the installation and execution of FUN3D version 12.5, including optional dependent packages. FUN3D is a suite of computational uid dynamics simulation and design tools that uses mixed-element unstructured grids in a large number of formats, including structured multiblock and overset grid systems. A discretely-exact adjoint solver enables ecient gradient-based design and grid adaptation to reduce estimated discretization error. FUN3D is available with and without a reacting, real-gas capability. This generic gas option is available only for those persons that qualify for its beta release status.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218520 , L-20451 , NF1676L-19487
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A key challenge in operating remote spacecraft is that ground operators must rely on the limited visibility available through spacecraft telemetry in order to assess spacecraft health and operational status. We describe a tool for processing spacecraft telemetry that allows ground operators to impose structure on received telemetry in order to achieve a better comprehension of system state. A key element of our approach is the design of a domain-specific language that allows operators to express models of expected system behavior using partial specifications. The language allows behavior specifications with data fields, similar to other recent runtime verification systems. What is notable about our approach is the ability to develop hierarchical specifications of behavior. The language is implemented as an internal DSL in the Scala programming language that synthesizes rules from patterns of specification behavior. The rules are automatically applied to received telemetry and the inferred behaviors are available to ground operators using a visualization interface that makes it easier to understand and track spacecraft state. We describe initial results from applying our tool to telemetry received from the Curiosity rover currently roving the surface of Mars, where the visualizations are being used to trend subsystem behaviors, in order to identify potential problems before they happen. However, the technology is completely general and can be applied to any system that generates telemetry such as event logs.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference On Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM 2014); Nov 03, 2014 - Nov 07, 2014; Luxembourg; United Kingdom
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This work covers the design and test of a machine vision algorithm for generating high-accuracy pitch and yaw pointing solutions relative to the sun for the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) mission. It describes how images were constructed by focusing an image of the sun onto a plate printed with a pattern of small fiducial markers. Images of this plate were processed in real time to determine relative position of the balloon payload to the sun. The algorithm is broken into four problems: circle detection, fiducial detection, fiducial identification, and image registration. Circle detection is handled by an "Average Intersection" method, fiducial detection by a matched filter approach, identification with an ad-hoc method based on the spacing between fiducials, and image registration with a simple least squares fit. Performance is verified on a combination of artificially generated images, test data recorded on the ground, and images from the 2013 flight
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN18511 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 01, 2014 - Mar 08, 2014; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In our experience at NASA, system engineers generally follow the Twin Peaks approach when developing safety-critical systems. However, iterations between the peaks require considerable manual, and in some cases duplicate, effort. A significant part of the manual effort stems from the fact that requirements are written in English natural language rather than a formal notation. In this work, we propose an approach that enables system engineers to leverage formal requirements and automated test generation to streamline iterations, effectively "bridging the peaks". The key to the approach is a formal language notation that a) system engineers are comfortable with, b) is supported by a family of automated V&V tools, and c) is semantically rich enough to describe the requirements of interest. We believe the combination of formalizing requirements and providing tool support to automate the iterations will lead to a more efficient Twin Peaks implementation at NASA.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN14285 , International Conference on Software Engineering; May 31, 2014 - Jun 07, 2014; Hyderabad; India|International Workshop on the Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture; Jun 01, 2014; Hyderabad; India
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: One of the more challenging aspects of software development is the ability to verify and validate the functional software requirements dictated by the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) and the Software Detail Design (SDD). Insuring the software has achieved the intended requirements is the responsibility of the Software Quality team and the Software Test team. The utilization of Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) Auto-Procedures for relocating ground operations positions to ISS automated on-board operations has begun the transition that would be required for manned deep space missions with minimal crew requirements. This transition also moves the auto-procedures from the procedure realm into the flight software arena and as such the operational requirements and testing will be more structured and rigorous. The autoprocedures would be required to meet NASA software standards as specified in the Software Safety Standard (NASASTD- 8719), the Software Engineering Requirements (NPR 7150), the Software Assurance Standard (NASA-STD-8739) and also the Human Rating Requirements (NPR-8705). The Autonomous Fluid Transfer System (AFTS) test-bed utilizes the Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) Language for development of autonomous command and control software. The Timeliner- TLX(sup TM) system has the unique feature of providing the current line of the statement in execution during real-time execution of the software. The feature of execution line number internal reporting unlocks the capability of monitoring the execution autonomously by use of a companion Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) sequence as the line number reporting is embedded inside the Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) execution engine. This negates I/O processing of this type data as the line number status of executing sequences is built-in as a function reference. This paper will outline the design and capabilities of the AFTS Autonomous Requirements Tracker, which traces and logs SRS requirements as they are being met during real-time execution of the targeted system. It is envisioned that real time requirements tracing will greatly assist the movement of autoprocedures to flight software enhancing the software assurance of auto-procedures and also their acceptance as reliable commanders
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M14-3230 , 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 01, 2014 - Mar 08, 2014; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: One of the more challenging aspects of software development is the ability to verify and validate the functional software requirements dictated by the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) and the Software Detail Design (SDD). Insuring the software has achieved the intended requirements is the responsibility of the Software Quality team and the Software Test team. The utilization of Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) Auto- Procedures for relocating ground operations positions to ISS automated on-board operations has begun the transition that would be required for manned deep space missions with minimal crew requirements. This transition also moves the auto-procedures from the procedure realm into the flight software arena and as such the operational requirements and testing will be more structured and rigorous. The autoprocedures would be required to meet NASA software standards as specified in the Software Safety Standard (NASASTD- 8719), the Software Engineering Requirements (NPR 7150), the Software Assurance Standard (NASA-STD-8739) and also the Human Rating Requirements (NPR-8705). The Autonomous Fluid Transfer System (AFTS) test-bed utilizes the Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) Language for development of autonomous command and control software. The Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) system has the unique feature of providing the current line of the statement in execution during real-time execution of the software. The feature of execution line number internal reporting unlocks the capability of monitoring the execution autonomously by use of a companion Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) sequence as the line number reporting is embedded inside the Timeliner-TLX(sup TM) execution engine. This negates I/O processing of this type data as the line number status of executing sequences is built-in as a function reference. This paper will outline the design and capabilities of the AFTS Autonomous Requirements Tracker, which traces and logs SRS requirements as they are being met during real-time execution of the targeted system. It is envisioned that real time requirements tracing will greatly assist the movement of autoprocedures to flight software enhancing the software assurance of auto-procedures and also their acceptance as reliable commanders.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M13-3017 , 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 01, 2014 - Mar 08, 2014; Big Sky, Montana; United States
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  • 67
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-31221 , AIAA Annual Technical Symposium 2014; May 09, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: GNU Radio is a free and open source development toolkit that provides signal processing to implement software radios. It can be used with low-cost external RF hardware to create software defined radios, or without hardware in a simulation-like environment. GNU Radio applications are primarily written in Python and C++. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is a computer-hosted software radio designed by Ettus Research. The USRP connects to a host computer via high-speed Gigabit Ethernet. Using the open source Universal Hardware Driver (UHD), we can run GNU Radio applications using the USRP. An SDR is a "radio in which some or all physical layer functions are software defined"(IEEE Definition). A radio is any kind of device that wirelessly transmits or receives radio frequency (RF) signals in the radio frequency. An SDR is a radio communication system where components that have been typically implemented in hardware are implemented in software. GNU Radio has a generic packet decoder block that is not optimized for CCSDS frames. Using this generic packet decoder will add bytes to the CCSDS frames and will not permit for bit error correction using Reed-Solomon. The CCSDS frames consist of 256 bytes, including a 32-bit sync marker (0x1ACFFC1D). This frames are generated by the Space Data Processor and GNU Radio will perform the modulation and framing operations, including frame synchronization.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-30921 , Intern Exit Poster Session; Apr 21, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 69
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-31093 , 2014 NASA Space Radiation Summer School; Jun 02, 2014 - Jun 20, 2014; Upton, NY; United States
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: At the Mission Design and Navigation Software Group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory we make use of finite exponential based defect models to aid in maintenance planning and management for our widely used critical systems. However a number of pragmatic issues arise when applying defect models for a post-release system in continuous use. These include: how to utilize information from problem reports rather than testing to drive defect discovery and removal effort, practical model calibration, and alignment of model assumptions with our environment.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: IEEE International Symposium on Emperical Software Engineering And Measurement; Sep 18, 2014 - Sep 19, 2014; Torino; Italy
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps); May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2014); May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In an effort to demonstrate the efficacy of automated planning and scheduling techniques for large missions, we have adapted ASPEN (Activity Scheduling and Planning Environment) [1] and CLASP (Compressed Large-scale Activity Scheduling and Planning) [2] to the domain of scheduling high-level science goals into conflict-free operations plans for Titan encounters by the Cassini spacecraft.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: SpaceOps 2014 International Conference on Space Operations; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2014); May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper, we discuss the scheduling capability of APGEN (Activity Plan Generator), a multi-mission planning application that is part of the NASA AMMOS (Advanced Multi- Mission Operations System), and how APGEN scheduling evolved over its applications to specific Space Missions. Our analysis identifies two major reasons for the successful application of APGEN scheduling to real problems: an expressive DSL (Domain-Specific Language) for formulating scheduling algorithms, and a well-defined process for enlisting the help of auxiliary modeling tools in providing high-fidelity, system-level simulations of the combined spacecraft and ground support system.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: SpaceOps 2014: International Conference on Space Operations; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 76
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: SSTI-2200-0129 , Gensym 2014 Users Group Conference; Jun 01, 2013 - Jun 03, 2013; Paris; France
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The work described in this paper was motivated by our experience with applying a framework for formal analysis of human-machine interactions (HMI) to a realistic model of an autopilot. The framework is built around a formally defined conformance relation called "fullcontrol" between an actual system and the mental model according to which the system is operated. Systems are well-designed if they can be described by relatively simple, full-control, mental models for their human operators. For this reason, our framework supports automated generation of minimal full-control mental models for HMI systems, where both the system and the mental models are described as labelled transition systems (LTS). The autopilot that we analysed has been developed in the NASA Ames HMI prototyping tool ADEPT. In this paper, we describe how we extended the models that our HMI analysis framework handles to allow adequate representation of ADEPT models. We then provide a property-preserving reduction from these extended models to LTSs, to enable application of our LTS-based formal analysis algorithms. Finally, we briefly discuss the analyses we were able to perform on the autopilot model with our extended framework.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN13396 , Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2014 Symposium; Mar 24, 2014 - Mar 26, 2014; Palo Alto, CA; United States
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M15-4174 , Fall 2014 CCSDS Technical and Management Meetings; Nov 10, 2014 - Nov 20, 2014; London; United Kingdom
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  • 79
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Test-Driven Development (TDD), a software development process that promises many advantages for developer productivity and software reliability, has become widely accepted among professional software engineers. As the name suggests, TDD practitioners alternate between writing short automated tests and producing code that passes those tests. Although this overly simplified description will undoubtedly sound prohibitively burdensome to many uninitiated developers, the advent of powerful unit-testing frameworks greatly reduces the effort required to produce and routinely execute suites of tests. By testimony, many developers find TDD to be addicting after only a few days of exposure, and find it unthinkable to return to previous practices.After a brief overview of the TDD process and my experience in applying the methodology for development activities at Goddard, I will delve more deeply into some of the challenges that are posed by numerical and scientific software as well as tools and implementation approaches that should address those challenges.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN14117 , National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); Apr 07, 2014 - Apr 11, 2014; Boulder, CO; United States
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The RTCA standard (DO-178C) for developing avionic software and getting certification credits includes an extension (DO-333) that describes how developers can use static analysis in certification. In this paper, we give an overview of the IKOS static analysis framework that helps developing static analyses that are both precise and scalable. IKOS harnesses the power of Abstract Interpretation and makes it accessible to a larger class of static analysis developers by separating concerns such as code parsing, model development, abstract domain management, results management, and analysis strategy. The benefits of the approach is demonstrated by a buffer overflow analysis applied to flight control systems.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN16610 , International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM 2014); Sep 01, 2014 - Sep 05, 2014; Grenoble; France
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Traditional software is developed as monolithic applications that are typed and create boundaries around their domains. ARC, working with JSC, developed an object oriented user interface that reduced domain boundaries in software. We used agile participatory design to develop a solution with our customer in mission control.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN13833
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  • 82
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The purpose of this report is to detail the tasks accomplished as a NASA NIFS intern for the summer 2014 session. This internship opportunity is to develop an issue tracker Ruby on Rails web application to improve the communication of developmental anomalies between the Support Software Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) teams, System Build and Information Architecture. As many may know software development is an arduous, time consuming, collaborative effort. It involves nearly as much work designing, planning, collaborating, discussing, and resolving issues as effort expended in actual development. This internship opportunity was put in place to help alleviate the amount of time spent discussing issues such as bugs, missing tests, new requirements, and usability concerns that arise during development and throughout the life cycle of software applications once in production.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN16851
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  • 83
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: System Monitoring and Control (SMC) message browsers receive many messages daily that operators do not need to see. My job is to reduce the number of messages so that warning and emergency messages can be seen easily and therefore, responded to promptly. There are two methods to reduce messages: duplicate and state-based message correlations. With duplicate message correlation, SMC display the message the first time it shows up. The next times it occurs, a duplicate number will count the number of times the message appears. State-based message correlation is a process in which more informative messages acknowledge less useful ones and send them to history. I also work on correcting the severity level and text formats of messages. I follow two SMC message filtering tenets as I'm working on this project. Firstly, before filtering an offending message, a non-conformance (NC) must be created in order to attempt fixing that message through hardware or software. Only after the NC assessment states that it cannot fix an offending message, it can be filtered by SMC. Secondly, per Launch Control System (LCS) Coding Standards, SMC does not send information messages to the active message browser unless it's a response to an operator action.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN16605
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  • 84
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M14-3878
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  • 85
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M14-3676
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel's data reduction software utilizes six major functions to compute the acquired data. These functions calculate engineering units, tunnel parameters, flowmeters, jet exhaust measurements, balance loads/model attitudes, and model /wall pressures. The input (required) variables, the output (computed) variables, and the equations and/or subfunction(s) associated with each major function are discussed.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218513 , L-19877 , NF1676L-10710
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A program trace is obtained and events of the program trace are traversed. For each event identified in traversing the program trace, a trace slice of which the identified event is a part is identified based on the parameter instance of the identified event. For each trace slice of which the identified event is a part, the identified event is added to an end of a record of the trace slice. These parametric trace slices can be used in a variety of different manners, such as for monitoring, mining, and predicting.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 88
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The Orion spacecraft utilizes a system of Compact Unique Identifiers (CUIs) to identify telemetry measurements in the process of communicating with the ground. While avionic systems are still in development, simulation of telemetric data must be used for the development of dependent systems. The SuperScript Language (SSL) developed by Honeywell Aerospace provides users a programming language for simulation of this data. The use of tools that provide SSL generation capabilities at a higher level allows for faster and more efficient generation of simulation waveforms. Previous SSL Generator implementations such as Orion Scripted Interface Generator (OrionSIG) relied on software supported routines to generate simulation points for the SSL scripts. This provided relevant simulation capabilities, but was reduced in flexibility by the available software routines available. For this approach, software supported routines have been entirely dropped. Rather, the user is required to enter their own simulation waveform input. This allows arbitrarily complex functions to be utilized simulated with maximum degree of freedom for the user.: The idea for this version of the SSL Generator was a mapping of arbitrary waveforms to Orion CUI telemetry data. The SSL Generator implemented offers a higher degree of freedom to the user than previous versions while attempting to maintain abstraction from the underlying SSL script and the Orion CUI data types. As such, many mappings of waveforms to CUIs will simply not work. Certain implementation decisions were made to minimize the damage caused by these unintended side-effects, such as saturation of values exceeding the maximum or minimum bounds of the data type. Other details, such as signed values being represented in unsigned data types, present problems which cant be fixed to an acceptable degree of intended behavior without user input. Awareness of the limitations of all layers of the software stack will increase the productivity of the end-user.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN16566
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: The C programming language is widely used for programming space flight software and other safety-critical real time systems. C, however, is far from ideal for this purpose: as is well known, it is both low-level and unsafe. This paper describes Spot, a language derived from C for programming space flight systems. Spot aims to maintain compatibility with existing C code while improving the language and supporting verification with the SPIN model checker. The major features of Spot include actor-based concurrency, distributed state with message passing and transactional updates, and annotations for testing and verification. Spot also supports domain-specific annotations for managing spacecraft state, e.g., communicating telemetry information to the ground. We describe the motivation and design rationale for Spot, give an overview of the design, provide examples of Spot's capabilities, and discuss the current status of the implementation.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ACM High-Integrity Language Technology (HILT) 2014; Oct 18, 2014 - Oct 21, 2014; Portland, OR; United States
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  • 90
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: We present a form of automaton, referred to as data automata, suited for monitoring sequences of data-carrying events, for example emitted by an executing software system. This form of automata allows states to be parameterized with data, forming named records, which are stored in an efficiently indexed data structure, a form of database. This very explicit approach differs from other automaton-based monitoring approaches. Data automata are also characterized by allowing transition conditions to refer to other parameterized states, and by allowing transitions sequences. The presented automaton concept is inspired by rule-based systems, especially the Rete algorithm, which is one of the well-established algorithms for executing rule-based systems. We present an optimized external DSL for data automata, as well as a comparable unoptimized internal DSL (API) in the Scala programming language, in order to compare the two solutions. An evaluation compares these two solutions to several other monitoring systems.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International Symposium On Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods (ISoLA); Oct 08, 2014 - Oct 11, 2014; Imperial, Corfu; Greece
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  • 91
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: The field of runtime verification has during the last decade seen a multitude of systems for monitoring event sequences (traces) emitted by a running system. The objective is to ensure correctness of a system by checking its execution traces against formal specifications representing requirements. A special challenge is data parameterized events, where monitors have to keep track of the combination of control states as well as data constraints, relating events and the data they carry across time points. This poses a challenge wrt. efficiency of monitors, as well as expressiveness of logics. Data automata is a form of automata where states are parameterized with data, supporting monitoring of data parameterized events. We describe the full details of a very simple API in the Scala programming language, an internal DSL (Domain-Specific Language), implementing data automata. The small implementation suggests a design pattern. Data automata allow transition conditions to refer to other states than the source state, and allow target states of transitions to be inlined, offering a temporal logic flavored notation. An embedding of a logic in a high-level language like Scala in addition allows monitors to be programmed using all of Scala's language constructs, offering the full flexibility of a programming language. The framework is demonstrated on an XML processing scenario previously addressed in related work.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: Digital communication coding methods resulting in rate-compatible low density parity-check (LDPC) codes built from protographs. Described digital coding methods start with a desired code rate and a selection of the numbers of variable nodes and check nodes to be used in the protograph. Constraints are set to satisfy a linear minimum distance growth property for the protograph. All possible edges in the graph are searched for the minimum iterative decoding threshold and the protograph with the lowest iterative decoding threshold is selected. Protographs designed in this manner are used in decode and forward relay channels.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Research Data Alliance (RDA) enables data to be shared across barriers through focused working groups and interest groups, formed of experts from around the world - from academia, industry and government. Its Big Data Analytics (BDA) interest groups seeks to develop community based recommendations on feasible data analytics approaches to address scientific community needs of utilizing large quantities of data. BDA seeks to analyze different scientific domain applications (e.g. earth science use cases) and their potential use of various big data analytics techniques. These techniques reach from hardware deployment models up to various different algorithms (e.g. machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines for classification). A systematic classification of feasible combinations of analysis algorithms, analytical tools, data and resource characteristics and scientific queries will be covered in these recommendations. This contribution will outline initial parts of such a classification and recommendations in the specific context of the field of Earth Sciences. Given lessons learned and experiences are based on a survey of use cases and also providing insights in a few use cases in detail.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M14-3470 , European Geoscience Union (EGU) General Assembly 2014; Apr 27, 2014 - May 02, 2014; Vienna; Austria
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  • 94
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The current system used to generate standard hazard reports is considered cumbersome and iterative. This study defines a structure for this system's process in a clear, algorithmic way so that standard hazard reports and basic hazard analysis may be completed using a centralized, web-based computer application. To accomplish this task, a test server is used to host a prototype of the tool during development. The prototype is configured to easily integrate into NASA's current server systems with minimal alteration. Additionally, the tool is easily updated and provides NASA with a system that may grow to accommodate future requirements and possibly, different applications. Results of this project's success are outlined in positive, subjective reviews complete by payload providers and NASA Safety and Mission Assurance personnel. Ideally, this prototype will increase interest in the concept of standard hazard automation and lead to the full-scale production of a user-ready application.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JSC-CN-31103
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2013-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonietz, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 22;491(7425):S56-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biophysics/methods ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Physiological Processes ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Elasticity ; Hardness ; Humans ; Medical Oncology ; *Models, Biological ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Rheology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This report summarizes the OPAR Data Center activities in 2012. Included is information about functions, architecture, status, future plans, and staff members of OPAR Data Center.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2012 Annual Report; 231-233; NASA/TP-2013-217511
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This report summarizes the activities of the Bordeaux IVS Analysis Center during the year 2012. The work focused on (i) regular analysis of the IVS-R1 and IVS-R4 sessions with the GINS software package; (ii) systematic VLBI imaging of the RDV sessions and calculation of the corresponding source structure index and compactness values; (iii) investigation of the correlation between astrometric position instabilities and source structure variations; and (iv) continuation of our VLBI observational program to identify optically-bright radio sources suitable for the link with the future Gaia frame. Also of importance is the 11th European VLBI Network Symposium, which we organized last October in Bordeaux and which drew much attention from the European and International VLBI communities.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2012 Annual Report; 241-244; NASA/TP-2013-217511
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is an emerging modeling application that is used to enhance the system development process. MBSE allows for the centralization of project and system information that would otherwise be stored in extraneous locations, yielding better communication, expedited document generation and increased knowledge capture. Based on MBSE concepts and the employment of the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), extremely large and complex systems can be modeled from conceptual design through all system lifecycles. The Operations Revitalization Initiative (OpsRev) seeks to leverage MBSE to modernize the aging Advanced Multi-Mission Operations Systems (AMMOS) into the Mission Operations System 2.0 (MOS 2.0). The MOS 2.0 will be delivered in a series of conceptual and design models and documents built using the modeling tool MagicDraw. To ensure model completeness and cohesiveness, it is imperative that the MOS 2.0 models adhere to the specifications, patterns and profiles of the Mission Service Architecture Framework, thus leading to the use of validation rules. This paper outlines the process by which validation rules are identified, designed, implemented and tested. Ultimately, these rules provide the ability to maintain model correctness and synchronization in a simple, quick and effective manner, thus allowing the continuation of project and system progress.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Format: text
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Format: text
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The draft NASA Fault Management (FM) Handbook (2012) states that Fault Management (FM) is a "part of systems engineering", and that it "demands a system-level perspective" (NASAHDBK- 1002, 7). What, exactly, is the relationship between systems engineering and FM? To NASA, systems engineering (SE) is "the art and science of developing an operable system capable of meeting requirements within often opposed constraints" (NASA/SP-2007-6105, 3). Systems engineering starts with the elucidation and development of requirements, which set the goals that the system is to achieve. To achieve these goals, the systems engineer typically defines functions, and the functions in turn are the basis for design trades to determine the best means to perform the functions. System Health Management (SHM), by contrast, defines "the capabilities of a system that preserve the system's ability to function as intended" (Johnson et al., 2011, 3). Fault Management, in turn, is the operational subset of SHM, which detects current or future failures, and takes operational measures to prevent or respond to these failures. Failure, in turn, is the "unacceptable performance of intended function." (Johnson 2011, 605) Thus the relationship of SE to FM is that SE defines the functions and the design to perform those functions to meet system goals and requirements, while FM detects the inability to perform those functions and takes action. SHM and FM are in essence "the dark side" of SE. For every function to be performed (SE), there is the possibility that it is not successfully performed (SHM); FM defines the means to operationally detect and respond to this lack of success. We can also describe this in terms of goals: for every goal to be achieved, there is the possibility that it is not achieved; FM defines the means to operationally detect and respond to this inability to achieve the goal. This brief description of relationships between SE, SHM, and FM provide hints to a modeling approach to provide formal connectivity between the nominal (SE), and off-nominal (SHM and FM) aspects of functions and designs. This paper describes a formal modeling approach to the initial phases of the development process that integrates the nominal and off-nominal perspectives in a model that unites SE goals and functions of with the failure to achieve goals and functions (SHM/FM). This methodology and corresponding model, known as a Goal-Function Tree (GFT), provides a means to represent, decompose, and elaborate system goals and functions in a rigorous manner that connects directly to design through use of state variables that translate natural language requirements and goals into logical-physical state language. The state variable-based approach also provides the means to directly connect FM to the design, by specifying the range in which state variables must be controlled to achieve goals, and conversely, the failures that exist if system behavior go out-of-range. This in turn allows for the systems engineers and SHM/FM engineers to determine which state variables to monitor, and what action(s) to take should the system fail to achieve that goal. In sum, the GFT representation provides a unified approach to early-phase SE and FM development. This representation and methodology has been successfully developed and implemented using Systems Modeling Language (SysML) on the NASA Space Launch System (SLS) Program. It enabled early design trade studies of failure detection coverage to ensure complete detection coverage of all crew-threatening failures. The representation maps directly both to FM algorithm designs, and to failure scenario definitions needed for design analysis and testing. The GFT representation provided the basis for mapping of abort triggers into scenarios, both needed for initial, and successful quantitative analyses of abort effectiveness (detection and response to crew-threatening events).
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: M13-2418 , AIAA Aerospace Sciences - Flight Sciences and Information Systems; Aug 19, 2013 - Aug 22, 2013; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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