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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics  (41)
  • Apennines
  • Elsevier  (40)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (12)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (23)
  • 2005-2009  (31)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Mechanisms for ground-surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated with the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: analysis of ephemeral field data (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: During the July^August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna development of extensional fractures/faults and grabens accompanied magma intrusion and subsequent volcanic activity. During the first days of the eruption, we performed an analysis of attitude, displacement and propagation of fractures and faults exposed on the ground surface in two sites, Torre del Filosofo and Valle del Leone, located along the same fracture system in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Fractures and faults formed as the consequence of a shallow intruding dyke system that fed the several volcanic centres developed along the fracture system. The investigated sites differ in slope attitude and in geometrical relationships between fractures and slopes. In particular, the fracture system propagated parallel to the gentle slope (67‡ dip) in the Torre del Filosofo area, and perpendicular to the steep slope (V25‡ dip) in the Valle del Leone area. In the Torre del Filosofo area, slight graben subsidence and horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 3 m were recorded. In the Valle del Leone area, extensional faulting forming a larger and deeper graben with horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 10 m was recorded. For the Valle del Leone area, we assessed a downhill dip of 14‡ for the graben master fault at the structural level beneath the graben where the fault dip shallows. These results suggest that dyke intrusion at Mount Etna, and particularly in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression, may be at the origin of slope failure and subsequent slumps where boundary conditions, i.e. geometry of dyke, slope dip and initial shear stress, amongst others, favour incipient failures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 281-294
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: dykes ; extensional fractures ; grabens ; slope failures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Helium–strontium isotope constraints on mantle evolution beneath the Roman Comagmatic Province, Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: A study of the He isotopic ratios of fluid inclusions in olivine and pyroxene from the Roman Comagmatic Province (RCP),Italy, is presented together with 87Sr/86Sr isotope compositions of the whole rock or pyroxene phenocrysts. A clear covariation in He and Sr isotopes is apparent, with a strong northward increase in radiogenic He and Sr being evident. He and Sr isotopes ratios range from 3He/4He = 5.2 Ra and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7056 in south Campania, to 3He/4He = 0.44 Ra and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.715905 in the northernmost Latium. Helium isotope ratios are significantly lower than MORB values and are among the lowest yet measured in subduction zone volcanism. The 3He/4He of olivine and pyroxene phenocryst-hosted volatiles appear to be little influenced by posteruptive processes and magma–crust interaction. The 3He/4He–87Sr/86Sr covariation is consistent with binary mixing between an asthenospheric mantle similar to HIMU ocean island basalts, and an enriched (radiogenic) mantle end member generated from subduction of the Ionian/Adriatic plate. The contribution of radiogenic He from metasomatic fluids and postmetasomatism radiogenic ingrowth in the wedge is strongly dependent on the initial He concentration of the mantle. Only when asthenosphere He concentrations are substantially lower than the MORB source mantle, and metasomatism occurred at the beginning of the subduction (f30 Ma), can ingrowth in the mantle wedge account for the 3He/4He of the most radiogenic basalts.
    Description: - European Social Fund - Scottish Universities - Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland.
    Description: Published
    Description: 295–308
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Roman Comagmatic Province ; fluid inclusions ; helium ; strontium ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    A major change in the sedimentation regime in the Crotone Basin (Southern Italy) around 3.7-3.6 Ma (2014)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: The Lower Pliocene succession of the Crotone Basin (Calabrian Arc, Southern Italy) is mainly comprised of blue-grey marly clay with good magnetic properties. Here the bio-magnetostratigraphic data indicate a mean sedimentation rate of about 12–15 cm/kyr. Around 3.7–3.6 Ma a major change in the sedimentation regime occurred: the blue-grey hemipelagic marls grade rapidly into silty marls with a significant increase in the terrigenous fraction and with abundant siliceous remains throughout the whole interval. Magnetic properties of these sediments are very poor, but an integrated calcareous plankton biostratigraphy (foraminifera and nannofossils) infers a high average sedimentation rate (about 50–60 cm/kyr). The abrupt onset of this sedimentation regime in the Crotone Basin is contemporaneous with a major unconformity already recognized in the northern sector of the basin, part of amajor reorganization phase in the whole Apenninic–Maghrebid Chain known as “Globorotalia puncticulata event”. Reports of coeval siliceous sediments in other marginal basins of the Apennines (Southern Calabria, Southern and Northern Apennines) suggest that this “siliceous event” might have been regionally extensive, having important palaeoceanographical implications.We infer that the “siliceous event” is characterized by a combined tectonic- and climate-induced change in palaeoceanographic conditions. The tectonic triggering factors may have been linked to two synchronous events in the Tyrrhenian–Apennine system: 1) the shortening event also known as “G. puncticulata event”, and 2) the coeval opening of the Vavilov Basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea which yielded profound influences in terms of physiography and characteristics of the Crotone Basin. The consequent uplift of the Southern Apennines would have increased sediment supply and availability of silica, resulting in eutrophication and enhanced silica preservation. Strong winter mixing and possibly upwelling conditions could have increased primary productivity during heavy isotope stages Gi4, Gi2 and MG8, at the onset of the “siliceous event”. This important event, lasting from ca. 3.6 Ma to ca. 3.2 Ma, would have recorded a peculiar transitional period before further climatic deterioration and more drastic palaeoceanographic changes occurred around 3.1 Ma, leading to cyclic sapropel deposition in the whole of the Mediterranean sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 398-410
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Biostratigraphy ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Pliocene ; Calabrian Arc ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Multidisciplinary study of the Tindari Fault (Sicily, Italy) separating ongoing contractional and extensional compartments along the active Africa–Eurasia convergent boundary (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The Africa–Eurasia convergence in Sicily and southern Calabria is currently expressed by two different tectonic and geodynamic domains: thewestern region, governed by a roughlyN–S compression generated by a continental collision; the eastern one, controlled by a NW–SE extension related to the south-east-directed expansion of the Calabro–Peloritan Arc. The different deformation pattern of these two domains is accommodated by a right-lateral shear zone (Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni fault system) which, from the Ionian Sea, north of Mt. Etna, extends across the Peloritani chain to the Aeolian Islands. In this work, we study the evidence of active tectonics characterizing this shear zone, through the analysis of seismic and geodetic data acquired by the INGV networks in the last 15 years. The study is completed by structural and morphological surveys carried out between Capo Tindari and the watershed of the chain. The results allowed defining a clear structural picture depicting the tectonic interferences between the two different geodynamic domains. The results indicate that, besides the regional ~N130°E horizontal extensional stress field, another one, NE–SW-oriented, is active in the investigated area. Both tension axes are mutually independent and have been active up to the present at different times. The coexistence of these different active horizontal extensions is the result of complex interactions between several induced stresses: 1) the regional extension (NW–SE) related to the slab rollback and back-arc extension; 2) the strong uplift of the chain; 3) the accommodation between compressional and extensional tectonic regimes along the Aeolian– Tindari–Letojanni faults, through a SSE–NNW right-lateral transtensional displacement. In these conditions, the greater and recurring uplift activity is not able to induce a radial extensional dynamics, but, under the “directing” action of the shear system, it can only act on the regional extension (NW–SE) and produce the second system of extension (NE–SW).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-17
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Africa–Eurasia convergence ; Aeolian–Tindari fault system ; Transform activity ; Stress and strain fields ; Multidisciplinary approach ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Subduction-triggered magmatic pulses: A new class of plumes? (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: A variety of atypical plume-like structures and focused upwellings that are not rooted in the lower mantle have recently been discussed, and seismological imaging has shown ubiquitous small-scale convection in the uppermost mantle in regions such as the Mediterranean region, the western US, and around the western Pacific. We argue that the three-dimensional return flow and slab fragmentation associated with complex oceanic subduction trajectories within the upper mantle can generate focused upwellings and that these may play a significant role in regional tectonics. The testable surface expressions of this process are the outsidearc alkaline volcanism, topographic swell, and low-velocity seismic anomalies associated with partial melt. Using three-dimensional, simplified numerical subduction models, we show that focused upwellings can be generated both ahead of the slab in the back-arc region (though ~five times further inward from the trench than arc-volcanism) and around the lateral edges of the slab (in the order of 100 km away from slab edges). Vertical mass transport, and by inference the associated decompression melting, in these regions appears strongly correlated with the interplay between relative trench motion and subduction velocities. The upward flux of material from the depths is expected to be most pronounced during the first phase of slab descent into the upper mantle or during slab fragmentation. We discuss representative case histories from the Pacific and the Mediterranean where we find possible evidence for such slab-related volcanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 54-68
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: subduction ; magmatism ; upper mantle convection ; geodynamic modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Role of the brittle–ductile transition on fault activation (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: We model a fault cross-cutting the brittle upper crust and the ductile lower crust. In the brittle layer the fault is assumed to have stick–slip behaviour, whereas the lower ductile crust is inferred to deform in a steady-state shear. Therefore, the brittle–ductile transition (BDT) separates two layers with different strain rates and structural styles. This contrasting behaviour determines a stress gradient at the BDT that is eventually dissipated during the earthquake. During the interseismic period, along a normal fault it should form a dilated hinge at and above the BDT. Conversely, an over-compressed volume should rather develop above a thrust plane at the BDT. On a normal fault the earthquake is associated with the coseismic closure of the dilated fractures generated in the stretched hangingwall during the interseismic period. In addition to the shear stress overcoming the friction of the fault, the brittle fault moves when the weight of the hangingwall exceeds the strength of the dilated band above the BDT. On a thrust fault, the seismic event is instead associated with the sudden dilation of the previously over-compressed volume in the hangingwall above the BDT, a mechanism requiring much more energy because it acts against gravity. In both cases, the deeper the BDT, the larger the involved volume, and the bigger the related magnitude. We tested two scenarios with two examples from L’Aquila 2009 (Italy) and Chi-Chi 1999 (Taiwan) events. GPS data, energy dissipation and strain rate analysis support these contrasting evolutions. Our model also predicts, consistently with data, that the interseismic strain rate is lower along the fault segment more prone to seismic activation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 160-161
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: faul activation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Crotone fore-arc basin: Insights on the recent tectonic evolution of the Calabrian Arc (Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: Low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses were performed on 532 samples col-lected in 36 (mostly lower Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) marine clay sites from the Crotone basin, afore-arc basin located on top of the external Calabrian accretionary wedge. The Crotone basin formedsince mid-late Miocene under a predominant extensional tectonic regime, but it was influenced there-after by complex interactions with NW–SE left-lateral strike-faults bounding the basin, which also yieldedpost-1.2 Ma ~30◦counterclockwise block rotations. The basin is filled by continental to marine sedimentsyielding one of the thickest and best-exposed Neogene succession available worldwide. The deep-marinefacies – represented by blue-grey marly clays gave the best results, as they both preserved a clear mag-netic fabric, and provided accurate chronology based on previously published magnetostratigraphy andcalcareous plankton (i.e. foraminifers and nannofossils) biostratigraphy. Magnetic susceptibility rangeand rock magnetic analyses both indicate that AMS reflects paramagnetic clay matrix crystal arrange-ment. The fabric is predominantly oblate to triaxial, the anisotropy degree low (〈1.06), and the magneticfoliation mostly subparallel to bedding. Magnetic lineation is defined in 30 out of 36 sites (where thee12 angle is 〈35◦). By also considering local structural analysis data, we find that magnetic fabric wasgenerally acquired during the first tectonic phases occurring after sediment deposition, thus validatingits use as temporally dependent strain proxy. Although most of the magnetic lineations trend NW–SE andare orthogonal to normal faults (as observed elsewhere in Calabria), few NE–SW compressive lineationsshow that the Neogene extensional regime of the Crotone basin was punctuated by compressive episodes.Finally, compressive lineations (prolate magnetic fabric) documented along the strike-slip fault boundingthe basin to the south support the significance of Pleistocene strike-slip tectonics. Thus the Crotone basinshows a markedly different tectonics with respect to other internal and western basins of Calabria, asit yields a magnetic fabric still dominated by extensional tectonics but also revealing arc-normal short-ening episodes and recent strike-slip fault activity. The tectonics documented in the Crotone basin iscompatible with a continuous upper crustal structural reorganization occurring during the SE-migrationof the Calabria terrane above the Ionian subduction system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67-79
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Calabrian Arc, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, Structural analysis, Fore-arc region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The 2004-05 Etna eruption: implications for flank deformation and structural behaviour of the volcano (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The development of the 2004–2005 eruption at Etna (Italy) is investigated by means of field surveys to define the current structural state of the volcano. In 2004–2005, a fracture swarm, associated with three effusive vents, propagated downslope from the SE summit crater towards the SE. Such a scenario is commonly observed at Etna, as a pressure increase within the central conduits induces the lateral propagation of most of the dikes downslope. Nevertheless, some unusual features of this eruption (slower propagation of fractures, lack of explosive activity and seismicity, oblique shear along the fractures) suggest a more complex triggering mechanism. A detailed review of the recent activity at Etna enables us to better define this possible mechanism. In fact, the NW–SE-trending fractures formed in 2004–2005 constitute the southeastern continuation of a N–S-trending fracture system which started to develop in early 1998 to the east of the summit craters. The overall 1998–2005 deformation pattern therefore forms an arcuate feature, whose geometry and kinematics are consistent with the head of a shallow flank deformation on the E summit of Etna. Similar deformation patterns have also been observed in analogue models of deforming volcanic cones. In this framework, the 2004–2005 eruption was possibly induced by a dike resulting from the intersection of this incipient fracture system with the SE Crater. A significant acceleration of this flank deformation may be induced by any magmatic involvement. The central conduit of the volcano is presently open, constantly buffering any increase in magmatic pressure and any hazardous consequence can be expected to be limited. A more hazardous scenario may be considered with a partial or total closing of the central conduit. In this case, magmatic overpressure within the central conduit may enhance the collapse of the upper eastern flank, triggering an explosive eruption associated with a landslide reaching the eastern lower slope of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 195–206
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: eruption triggering ; volcano-tectonics ; fracture fields ; flank spreading ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Slab detachment beneath eastern Anatolia: A possible cause for the formation of the North Anatolian fault (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we discuss the possibility that the North Anatolian fault (NAF) results from the deep deformation of the slab beneath the Bitlis–Hellenic subduction zone. We described the tectonic evolution of the Anatolia–Aegean area in three main steps, before, during and after the formation of the NAF. We remark that the tectonic conditions that are assumed to have triggered the formation of the NAF, i.e. collision to the east and extension to the west, was already achieved before the onset of that strike-slip fault system. We also highlight that the formation of the NAF was accompanied by the uplift of the Turkish–Iranian plateau and by a surge of volcanism in the eastern Anatolia collisional area and probably by the acceleration of the Aegean trench retreat. We show tomographic images from global P-wave model of Piromallo and Morelli [C. Piromallo, A. Morelli, P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine–Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) doi: 10.1029/2002JB001757.] showing that the slab beneath the Bitlis collisional belt is not continuous and that its possible rupture pursues to the west at least up to Cyprus and possibly up to the eastern end of the Hellenic trench. All these observations suggest that the plate tectonic re-organization occurred in the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene in the region results from slab break-off in the Bitlis area and from its lateral propagation to the West. This idea is tested in analogue laboratory experiments, which confirm that the break of the slab under the collisional belt may trigger, (1) the acceleration of slab retreat to the west due to the increase in slab pull force, (2) the indentation of the continent in the collisional area and (3) produce the conditions that permit the lateral escape of material towards the west and the formation of the NAF.
    Description: Published
    Description: 85-97
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mediterranean ; subduction ; collision ; analogue experiments ; seismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 10
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    Geodynamic implications of deep mantle upwelling in the source of Tertiary volcanics from the Veneto region (South-Eastern Alps) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotopic data for the most primitive Tertiary lavas from the Veneto region (South-Eastern Alps, Italy) show the typical features of HIMU hotspot volcanism, variably diluted by a depleted asthenospheric mantle component (87Sr/86Sri=0.70306–0.70378; "Ndi=+3.9 to +6.8; "Hfi=+6.4 to +8.1, 206Pb/204Pbi=18.786–19.574). P-wave seismic tomography of the mantle below the Veneto region shows the presence of low-velocity anomalies at depth, which is consistent with possible upwellings of plume material. Between the depths of 100–250 km the velocity anomalies are approximately 2–2.5% slower than average, implying a temperature excess of about 220–280 K, in agreement with estimates for other mantle plumes in the world. In this context, the Veneto volcanics may represent the shallow expression of a mantle upflow. The presence of a HIMU-DM component in a collision environment has significant geodynamic implications. Slab detachment and ensuing rise of deep mantle material into the lithospheric gap is proposed to be a viable mechanism of hotspot magmatism in a subduction zone setting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 563–590
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: trace-element ; isotopic composition ; alkali basalts ; central-Europe ; slab break-off ; plume ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    A late Cretaceous contamination episode of the European–Mediterranean mantle (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the most challenging issues about the Tertiary–Quaternary alkaline magmatism spreading across the Euro-Mediterranean region is the assessment of both the nature of its mantle source and the mechanism responsible for the common HIMU-like (High μ=high 238U/204Pb) character of erupted lavas, enduring over about 100 million years in diverse tectonic environments. In this paper we try to reconcile geochemical and geophysical data through a multidisciplinary investigation on geochemistry, timing and locations of the main Na-rich alkaline volcanic centers, seismic tomographic images and plate kinematics. We propose that the common component of the Euro-Mediterranean mantle derives from a contamination episode triggered by the rise of the Central Atlantic Plume (CAP) head. Plate reconstruction shows that at late Cretaceous- Paleocene time the oldest magmatic centers of the Euro-Mediterranean region were located more than 2000 km SW of their present day position, in proximity of the CAP hot spot location, where seismic tomography detects a broad low seismic velocity region in the lower mantle. The northeastward migration of the Eurasian and African plates could have involved also part of the CAP contaminated mantle, which moved in the same direction being coupled to the lithospheric plates, thus explaining the presence of geochemically-uniform material spread in the sub-lithospheric Euro-Mediterranean mantle. During the Tertiary, regional-scale convection and related processes such as rifting, back-arc spreading, slab detachment/windows, may have favored upwelling and partial melting of the frayed plume head material via adiabatic decompression, shaping the spatial and temporal distribution of HIMU-like volcanics. The growing supply of subducted lithosphere may explain as well the increase of crustal isotopic signatures of alkaline magmas with time. In our opinion, the Euro-Mediterranean upper mantle contamination can be eventually related to a global event occurred during the Cretaceous as a consequence of a mantle avalanche caused by the Tethys closure.
    Description: MIUR 2005-2007, prot. n. 2005055415_002, Poli G.
    Description: Published
    Description: 15–27
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Cenozoic HIMU–OIB volcanism ; Euro-Mediterranean mantle ; geochemistry ; mantle tomography ; plate kinematics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 12
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    Subduction polarity reversal at the junction between the Western Alps and the Northern Apennines, Italy (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The controversial relationship between the orogenic segments of the Western Alps and the Northern Apennines is here explored integrating recently published 3D tomographic models of subduction with new and re-interpreted geological observations from the eclogitic domain of the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Alps, Italy), where the two belts joint each other. The Voltri Massif is here described as an extensional domain accommodating the opposing outward migration of the Alpine and Apennine thrust fronts, since about 30–35 Ma. Using tomographic images of the upper mantle and paleotectonic reconstructions, we propose that this extensional setting represents the surface manifestation of an along strike change in polarity of the subducted oceanic slab whose polarity changed laterally in space and in time. Our tectonic model suggests that the westward shift of the Alpine thrust front from the Oligocene onward was the consequence of the toroidal asthenospheric flow induced by the retreat of the Apenninic slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: 34–50
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Western Alps ; Northern Apennines ; Voltri Massif ; Tomography ; Kinematic reconstruction ; Extensional detachment ; Toroidal flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Paleomagnetic constraints on the Plio-Pleistocene geodynamic evolution of the external central-northern Apennines (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on new paleomagnetic results obtained from 27 sites sampled in the Plio-Pleistocene sequences at the external front of the central-northern Apennines. Previous analyses of Miocene (Messinian) sediments indicated that the present shape of the northern Apenninic arc is due to the oroclinal bending of an originally straight belt oriented around N320° and that vertical axis rotations accompanied the migration of the thrust fronts toward the Adriatic foreland [F. Speranza et al., J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 3153-3166]. We tried to provide new paleomagnetic constraints for the timing and rates of the oroclinal bending process during the Pliocene and the Pleistocene. The results suggest that CCW rotations observed in the northern part of the studied area are possibly younger than 3 Ma. No regional rotation is recorded in the Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments from the southern part of the study area, analogously to the Messinian sediments of the 'Acquasanta' domain of Speranza et al. [F. Speranza et al., J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 3153-3166]. A local significant CCW rotation (23° ± 10°) is identified in the Early Pleistocene sediments that crop out along the Adriatic coast between Ascoli and Pescara, indicating differential motion of the thrust sheets. This rotation must be younger than 1.43 Ma.
    Description: Published
    Description: 243-257
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; Apennines ; tectonics ; Pliocene ; Pleistocene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 14
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    Invited reply to the Comment on: “Geomorphological, paleontological and 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses on early Pleistocene paleoshorelines to define the uplift of Central Apennines (Italy)” (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Invited reply to the Comment on: “Geomorphological, paleontological and 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses on early Pleistocene paleoshorelines to define the uplift of Central Apennines (Italy)”
    Description: In response to the comment of Cosentino and Fubelli (2007) on the stratigraphy of the Middle Valley of Tiber River basin (MVT) and on the chronological attribution of the uppermost paleoshorelines (UPS), we recall that we performed a detailed sampling campaign to date the youngest marine deposits underlying or laterally related to the UPS, through the 87Sr/86Sr method. Unfortunately, we cannot have taken advantage from the new stratigraphic data of the comment, being that all these data are still unpublished. On the sections presented in the comment, which concern only the southernmost tract of the UPS alignment, we do not know exactly how close these sections are to the UPS and how accurate the stratigraphic relationships are. This is due to the absence in the comment of detailed geographic locations of sections and of any stratigraphic scheme or geological map that might help link the data presented in Mancini et al. (2007) with the new ones. In general, the age of the new proposed sections are considered older (Gelasian) than our age estimate (1.65–1.50 Ma, i.e. late Santernian) for the UPS.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165-167
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Early Pleistocene ; shoreline ; uplift ; Apennines ; Sr isotope ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    New GPS constraints on the kinematics of the Apennines subduction (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the velocity field of the Italian area derived from continuous GPS observations from 2003 to 2007. The GPS sites were installed by different institutions and for different purposes; they cover the whole country with a mean inter-site distance of about 60 km and provide a valuable source of data to map the present day kinematics of the region. The absolute ITRF2005 rotation poles and rates of Eurasia, Africa and Adriatic plates are estimated, to study the kinematics along their boundaries in the Apennines belt. The Corsica–Sardinia block, coherently moving as the Eurasia plate, is used as reference of the upper plate for the Apennines subduction zone.We apply a simple kinematic model to estimate the rates and spatial pattern of the subduction along the Apennines. We identify at least four different, independently moving, lower plates, i.e., the Adriatic (diverging and internally segmented), Ionian, Sicily and Africa (converging) plates with different subduction rates. The conservative estimates of the subduction rate are ~5 mm/yr in the Calabrian Arc, ~1.5 mm/yr in Sicily, and ~0.9 mm/yr in the northern Apennines. This variegate mixture of behaviors seems to reflect the variable lithospheric thickness and composition of the lower plates inherited from the Mesozoic rifting. An unexpected along strike contraction is observed along the western side of the central-northern Apennines. Velocities are estimated both relative to Eurasia, and relative to the deep and shallow hotspot reference frames (HSRF). The hotspot representation seems more coherent with the geophysical and geological constraints along the subduction system, in which the Adriatic and Ionian plates move SW-ward and their deeper slab portions provide an obstacle to the opposite relative mantle flow. All these patterns better reconcile if the subduction process is conceived as a passive feature controlled by the far field plate velocities and the relative “eastward” mantle flow acting on a disrupted slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-174
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; ITRF2005 ; Adriatic ; Eurasia ; Africa ; Euler poles ; Apennines ; slab kinematics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
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  • 16
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    SKS splitting in Southern Italy: anisotropy variations in a fragmented subduction zone. (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we present a collection of good quality shear wave splitting measurements in Southern Italy. In addition to a large amount of previous splitting measurements, we present new data from 15 teleseisms recorded from 2003 to 2006 at the 40 stations of the CAT/SCAN temporary network. These new measurements provide additional constraints on the anisotropic behaviour of the study region and better define the fast directions in the southern part of the Apulian Platform. For our analysis we have selected wellrecorded SKS phases and we have used the method of Silver and Chan to obtain the splitting parameters: the azimuth of the fast polarized shear wave (φ) and delay time (δt). Shear wave splitting results reveal the presence of a strong seismic anisotropy in the subduction system below the region. Three different geological and geodynamic regions are characterized by different anisotropic parameters. The Calabrian Arc domain has fast directions oriented NNE–SSW and the Southern Apennines domain has fast directions oriented NNW–SSE. This rotation of fast axes, following the arcuate shape of the slab, is marked by a lack of resolved measurements which occurs at the transition zone between those two domains. The third domain is identified in the Apulian Platform: here fast directions are oriented almost N–S in the northern part and NNE–SSW to ENE–WSW in the southern one. The large number of splitting parameters evaluated for events coming from different back-azimuth allows us to hypothesize the presence of a depth-dependent anisotropic structure which should be more complicated than a simple 2 layer model below the Southern Apennines and the Calabrian Arc domains and to constrain at 50 km depth the upper limit of the anisotropic layer, at least at the edge of Southern Apennines and Apulian Platform. We interpret the variability in fast directions as related to the fragmented subduction system in the mantle of this region. The trench-parallel φ observed in Calabrian Arc and in Southern Apennines has its main source in the asthenospheric flow below the slab likely due to the pressure induced by the retrograde motion of the slab itself. The pattern of φ in the Apulian Platform does not appear to be the direct result of the rollback motion of the slab, whose influence is limited to about 100 km from the slab. The anisotropy in the Apulian Platform may be related to an asthenospheric flow deflected by the complicated structure of the Adriatic microplate or may also be explained as frozen-in lithospheric anisotropy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 49-67
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Shear wave splitting ; Subduction ; Mantle flow ; Southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
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  • 17
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    Early Paleozoic evolution of the NW Gondwanaland: data from southern Turkey and surrounding regions (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Lower Paleozoic assemblages in the E. Meditterranean comprise a Southern (Tauride-Anatolide,SE Anatolia and Central Iranian terranes) and a Northern (Carpathian-Balkan, Istanbul, Zonguldak and the Main Range terranes) Zone. A detailed stratigrapic account is given for these terranes for the Early Paleozoic and their paleogeographical settings are discussed to evaluate the Early Paleozoic geodynamic interpretation of this critical area between Gondwana-Perigondwana and Laurussia..
    Description: Published
    Description: 315-323
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Palaeozoic, evolution, Turkey ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 18
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    Seismic anisotropy beneath the Northern Apennines (Italy): Mantle flow or lithosphere fabric? (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Shear-wave splitting estimates from recordings of 10 portable seismographic stations during the first year of the RETREAT seismic deployment, in combination with broadband data from the Italian national seismic network, are associated with seismic anisotropy within the upper mantle beneath the Northern Apennines. Anisotropic parameters derived from both shear-wave splitting and P travel-time residuals vary geographically and depend on event back-azimuth, reflecting complexity in the underlying mantle strain field. Variations of the splitting time delays and fast polarization seem to exclude a 2-D sublithosphere corner flow, associated with the Apennines subduction, as the main source of the inferred anisotropy. The anisotropic signal may be generated by a frozen-in fabric of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian lithosphere domains, or by flow variations induced by episodic and fragmentary slab rollback.
    Description: Published
    Description: 157-170
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: birefringence; ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes
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  • 19
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    Sea-level change during the Holocene in Sardinia and in the northeastern Adriatic (central Mediterranean Sea) from archaeological and geomorphological data (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We provide new data on relative sea-level change from the late Holocene for two locations in the central Mediterranean: Sardinia and NE Adriatico. They are based on precise measures of submerged archaeological and tide notch markers that are good indicators of past sea-level elevation. Twelve submerged archaeological sites were studied: six, aged between 2.5 and 1.6 ka BP, located along the Sardinia coast, and a further six, dated 2.0 ka BP, located along the NE Adriatic coast (Italy, Slovenia and Croatia). For Sardinia, we also use beach rock and core data that can be related to Holocene sea level. The elevations of selected significant archaeological markers were measured with respect to the present sea level, applying corrections for tide and atmospheric pressure values at the time of surveys. The interpretation of the functional heights related to sea level at the time of their construction provides data on the relative changes between land and sea; these data are compared with predictions derived from a new glacio–hydro-isostatic model associated with the Last Glacial cycle. Sardinia is tectonically relatively stable and we use the sea-level data from this island to calibrate our models for eustatic and glacio–hydro-isostatic change. The results are consistent with those from another tectonically stable site, the Versilia Plain of Italy. The northeast Adriatic (Italy, Slovenia and Croatia) is an area of subsidence and we use the calibrated model results to separate out the isostatic from the tectonic contributions. This indicates that the Adriatic coast from the Gulf of Trieste to the southern end of Istria has Q1 tectonically subsided by 1.5m since Roman times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2463-2486
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: sea level, archaeology, tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 20
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    Belt bending driven by lateral bending of subducting lithospheric slab: geophysical evidences from the northern Apennines (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Many of the mountain belts displaying a curved shape are "oroclines", i.e. are produced after progressive bending of an originally straight fold and thrust belt. The bending process was previously explained as a consequence of several possible events taking place in the crustal orogenic wedge, such as occurrence of obstacles, non-coaxial deformation, and mouvements on wrench faults. Recent paleomagnetic results from the northern Apenninic Arc document that this belt is properly an orocline and results from Late Messinian-Early Pliocene bending of a Messinian straight belt-foredeep system. Tomographic images in turn show the presence of a high-velocity body, interpreted as subducted slab, in the upper mantle beneath the northern Apennines, between 35 and 670 km depth. Down to 100 km, this body displays an arcuate shape which closely mirrors the geological outlines, while it appears to be straight (and parallel to the Messinian pre-rotated belt) at depth. We explore here the possibility that the arcuate shape of the northern Apennines is a consequence, closely following in time, on much deeper processes than previously suggested, i.e. the lateral bending of the subducting Adriatic plate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 53-64
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; seismic tomography ; Northern Apennines ; orocline ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 21
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    Intrusion of eccentric dikes: The case of the 2001 eruption and its role in the dynamics of Mt. Etna volcano (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2001 eruption represents one of the most studied events both from volcanological and geophysical point of view on Mt. Etna. This eruption was a crucial event in the recent dynamic of the volcano, marking the passage from a period (March 1993 – June 2001) of moderate stability with slow, continuous flank sliding and contemporaneous summit eruptions, to a period (July 2001 to present) of dramatically increased flank deformations and flank eruptions. We show new GPS data and high precision relocation of seismicity in order to demonstrate the role of the 2001 intrusive phase in this change of the dynamic regime of the volcano. GPS data consist of two kinematic surveys carried out on 12 July, a few hours before the beginning of the seismic swarm, and on 17 July, just after the onset of eruptive activity. A picture of the spatial distribution of the sin-eruptive seismicity has been obtained using the HypoDD relocation algorithm based on the double-difference (DD) technique. Modeling of GPS measurements reveal a southward motion of the upper southern part of the volcano, driven by a NNW-SSE structure showing mainly left-lateral kinematics. Precise hypocenter location evidences an aseismic zone at about sea level, where the magma upraise was characterized by a much higher velocity and an abrupt westward shift, revealing the existence of a weakened or ductile zone. These results reveal how an intrusion of a dike can severely modify the shallow stress field, triggering significant flank failure. In 2001, the intrusion was driven by a weakened surface, which might correspond to a decollement plane of the portion of the volcano affected by flank instability, inducing an additional stress testified by GPS measurements and seismic data, which led to an acceleration of the sliding flanks.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stress release ; Dike ; Volcano-tectonics ; Flank instability ; Mount Etna ; Instrumental monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 22
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    Seismicity in Central and Northern Apennines integrating the Italian national and regional networks (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we present and discuss an improved picture of the seismicity distribution of the Umbria– Marche–Abruzzi Apennines as obtained through the integration of the national and the regional seismic networks operating from 2002 to 2006. During this period, both the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) National Seismic Network and the regional networks have been greatly improved. We compare the results of the integrated catalogue obtained in this study with the Catalogue of the Italian Seismicity between 1981 and 2001 [Castello, B., Selvaggi, G., Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., 2006. CSI Catalogo della sismicità italiana 1981–2002, versione 1.1. INGV-CNT, Roma.http://legacy.ingv.it/CSI )], confirming the basic known features of the seismic activity in the region, but also evidencing some original and interesting results. In particular, the new data set allows us to better define the geometry and kinematics of the crustal seismicity, which is confined to the upper 20 km and shows a clear general deepening from west to east. In the crust, we find additional evidence of extensional seismicity below the central portion of the belt and thrust/reverse faulting mechanisms at the outer fronts of the Apennines. Looking at the seismicity along the belt, it is also possible to observe aseismic regions, which could be due to either locked or creeping portions of the Apenninic fault system. At greater depth, the west-dipping seismicity distribution down to about 70 km confirms the hypothesis of a slab of Adriatic lithosphere subducted below the Apennines, but also suggests that there are strong lateral heterogeneities and possibly tears in the slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121-135
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismic monitoring ; Focal mechanisms ; Subduction ; Apennines ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 23
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    Active stress in the NE external margin of the Apennines: the Ferrara arc, northern Italy (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We have analysed borehole breakout data from 12 deep wells in order to constrain the direction of the minimum and maximum horizontal stress in a part of the Po Plain, northern Italy, characterised by a N–S prevailing compressional stress regime, and in order to shed light on the regional state of stress and on the correlation between the active stress field and the orientation of tectonic structures. The results have been compared with seismological data relating to 1988–1995 crustal seismicity (2.5〈Md〈4.8) and to the 1983 Parma (Ms=5.0) and the 1996 Reggio Emilia (Ms=5.1) events. Plio-Pleistocene mesostructural data are also described in order to better define the present-day stress field and to understand the active tectonic processes in particular stress provinces. The borehole breakout analysis, in accordance with the seismicity and mesostructural data, shows the presence of a predominant compression area, characterised by approximately N–S maximum horizontal stress, along the outer thrust of the Ferrara arc. Particularly, the breakout analysis indicates a minimum horizontal stress, N81W±22° relative to a total of eleven analysed wells, with 3746 m cumulative total length of breakout zones. Among these, nine wells are located in the same tectonic structure, consisting of an arc of asymmetric folds overthrust towards the NE. The breakout results for these wells are quite similar in terms of minimum horizontal stress direction (E–W oriented). The other two wells are located in the outside sector of the arc and one of them shows a different minimum horizontal stress direction, probably distinctive of another tectonic unit. On the basis of these new reliable stress indicators, the active compressive front in this area is located along the termination of the external northern Apenninic arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 251-265
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stress ; borehole breakout ; tectonics ; Italy ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    P-wave propagation heterogeneity and earthquake location in the Mediterranean region (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 232-254
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 25
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    The role of pre-existing thrust faults and topography on the styles of extension in the Gran Sasso range (central Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Structural analysis and field mapping together with simple geometrical and flexural elastic models, document that two styles of Quaternary extensional tectonics characterized the Gran Sasso range (central Apennines, Italy). In the western part of the range, extension took place on 10–15-km-long range-front normal faults with associated 600–1000-m-high escarpments showing evidence of Late Glacial–Holocene activity. This topography has been reproduced with a thin elastic plate subjected to the isostatic forces induced by the movement along high-angle (55°–65°) planar normal faults. In the eastern part of the belt extension occurred on shallow-dipping normal faults (30°–35°) which reactivated progressively deeper pre-existing thrusts. In this area antithetic "domino" faults formed to accommodate the mechanical adjustment of the hanging-wall over a variably dipping major fault surface. The eastward increase in shortening, due to the earlier compressional phase, documented in the Gran Sasso belt by previous authors, accounts for the more developed zones of weakness and high topographic relief in the eastern sector. This setting could explain the different styles of extension and the more advanced northeastern limit of normal faulting in the eastern sector. This work suggests that normal faults can originate either with low- or high-angle geometry in the upper crust according to the pre-existing tectonic setting and that topography could be important in controlling the geometry and pattern of migrating normal faulting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229-254
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: extensional tectonics ; Quaternary ; thrust faults ; topography ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 26
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    Seismic activity in the transition zone between Southern and Central Apennines (Italy): Evidences of longitudinal extension inside the Ortona–Roccamonfina tectonic line (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We analyze the 1997–2006 seismicity of the transition zone between Southern and Central Apennines, which is one of the most active seismic areas of Italy. Our aim is to add information on the seismotectonic picture of this area. Seismic activity is characterized by single events with Mb3.0 and low magnitude (Mb4.0) seismic sequences (1997–98 and 2005) and swarms (1999, 2000 and 2001). Hypocenters are within the upper 15 km of the crust. The epicentral distribution of the relocated seismicity shows that single events prevalently align NW–SE along the Apennine chain axis. This seismicity is related to the main, NE–SW extension affecting the chain. Single events concentrate also: at the south of the seismogenetic source responsible for the 1915 earthquake, where the 2000 swarm occurred; between the faults of the 1984 and 1805 events, where the 2001 sequence developed; between the faults of the 1805 and 1688 events, where the 1997–1998 seismic sequence concentrated. The seismic swarms occurred in 1999, 2000 and 2005 are located inside the Ortona– Roccamonfina structural line, which strikes NNE–SSW and separates the Central Apennines from the Southern ones. The epicentral distribution of these swarms and focal mechanisms suggest the presence of active NE–SW faults moving in response to a NW–SE extension. The results of the strain analysis on 52 wellconstrained focal mechanisms evidence a prevailing NE–SW extension, corresponding to the large scale stress field acting in the Apennine Chain, and a second-order NW–SE extension. This last direction of extension was already observed in the 1997–98 and 2001 seismic sequences. The location of the NE–SW striking faults responsible for the seismic swarms suggest that some segments of the Ortona–Roccamonfina line are still active and move in response to both the NE–SW regional extension of Southern Apennines, and to a NW–SE striking longitudinal extension.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102-110
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Apennines ; seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 27
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    A critical revision of the seismicity of Northern Apulia (Adriatic microplate - Southern Italy) and implications for the identification of seismogenic structures (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Northern Apulia is an emerged portion of the Adriatic microplate, representing the foreland–foredeep area of a stretch of the Apennine chain in southern Italy. The interaction between the relatively rigid microplate and the contiguous more deformable domains is responsible for the intense seismicity affecting the chain area. However strong, sometimes even disastrous, earthquakes have also hit northern Apulia on several occasions. The identification of the causative faults of such events is still unclear and different hypotheses have been reported in literature. In order to provide guidelines and constraints in the search for these structures, a comprehensive re-examination and reprocessing of all the available seismic data has been carried out taking into consideration 1) the characteristics of historical events, 2) the accurate relocation of events instrumentally recorded in the last 20 years, 3) the determination of focal mechanisms and of the regional stress tensor. The results obtained bring to light a distinction between the foreland and foredeep areas. In the first region there is evidence of a regional stress combining NWcompression and NE extension, thus structures responsible for major earthquakes should be searched for among strike–slip faults, possibly with a slight transpressive character. These structures could be either approximately N–S oriented sinistral or E–Wdextral faults. In the foredeep region there is a transition toward transtensive mechanisms,with strikes similar to those of the previous zone, or maybe also towardsNWoriented normal faults,more similar to those prevailing in the southern Apennine chain in relation to a dominant NE extension; this appears to be the effect of a reduction of the NW compression, probably due to a decrease in efficiency of stress transmission along the more tectonised border of the Adriatic microplate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9 - 35
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Northern Apulia ; Historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 28
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    Geomorphological, paleontological and 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses of early Pleistocene paleoshorelines to define the uplift of Central Apennines (Italy) (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The eastern border of the Middle Valley of the Tiber River is characterized by several Plio-Pleistocene paleoshorelines, which extend for about 100 km along the western margin of the Central Apennines (Italy). We studied these paleoshorelines by the means of geological and paleontological analyses and new 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses. The youngest and uppermost paleoshorelines have been detected and mapped through detailed geologic and stratigraphic surveys, which led to the recognition of nearshore deposits, cliff breccias, alignments of Lithophaga borings, fossil abrasion notches and wave-cut platforms. The altitude of these paleoshorelines decreases almost regularly in the NNW–SSE direction from 480 to 220 m a.s.l. Measurements of the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio have been conducted on corals and mollusks collected from sediments outcropping close to the paleoshorelines. The isotopic dating results indicate numerical values that range between 0.70907 and 0.70910 all over the 100-km outcrop. These results, together with biostratigraphic data, constrain the age of the youngest paleoshorelines to 1.65–1.50 Ma. These paleoshorelines are thus considered almost isochronous, giving an estimated uplift rate of 0.34–0.17±0.03 mm/a moving from NNW to SSE. Shape, length and continuity of the 100-km-long observed movements indicate that the studied paleoshorelines are an important marker of the Quaternary uplift of the Central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 487-501
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Early Pleistocene ; shoreline ; uplift ; Apennines ; Sr isotope ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 29
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    Statistical Occurrence Analysis and Spatio-temporal Distribution of Earthquakes in the Apennines (Italy) (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present two examples of statistical analysis of seismicity conducted by integrating geological, geophysical and seismological data with the aim to characterize the active stress field and to define the spatio-temporal distribution of large earthquakes. Moreover, our data will help to improve the knowledge of the “seismogenic behavior” of the areas and to provide useful information for seismic hazard evaluation. The earthquakes are described by two non-parametric statistical procedures integrating also tectonic-physical parameters to study the spatio-temporal variability. The results show that the areas are characterized by: 1) a stress regime with mainly extensional kinematics; 2) tectonic structures mainly oriented with the active stress field (Shmin=N44°18° in the southern Apennines and Shmin=N50°17° in the central Apennines); 3) cluster distribution of seismicity and 4) a high probability of earthquake occurrence (M〉5.5) in the next 10 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: 13-31
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: statistical analysis ; seismicity ; seismotectonics ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
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  • 30
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    Dynamics of the transition zone under Europe inferred from wavelet cross-spectra of seismic tomography (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Tomographical results are commonly presented in the form of color images and not much statistical quantification has been carried out on the derived models. Correlation between different depths can shed important light concerning the dynamics. We have generalized the application of multidimensional wavelets to investigate the products of two field variables, such as the cross-spectrum, which is of paramount importance for quantifying the correlation between two depth levels of seismic tomography with a multiple-scale character. For two multidimensional fields A and B, we calculate the correlation C by projecting this as an Hermitian inner product in physical space with a two-dimensional (2D), fourth derivative of the Gaussian wavelet as the weighting function. The correlation function C becomes now a multi-scaled function, a map cast in terms of both the scale and location of the wavelet transform. Having calculated C, we can delineate the locations and length-scales of the prominent features in the landscape of the correlation function. This wavelet formulation is very general and can be extended to other types of statistical analysis, for example in a Kalman filter system. We have used a high-resolution (finer than 1◦) seismic tomographical model for analyzing the extent of mantle layering under Europe by focussing on the different length-scales in the correlation function involving the 3D seismic anomalies lying between 400 and 600 km depth. Between the depths of 500 and 600 km under Europe, the wavelet correlation analysis shows that an ellipse-shaped object exists with an area of 2000 km × 4000 km having a strong correlation for length-scales of around 400 km, and weaker correlation for shorter length scales of around 150 km. On the other hand, between depths of 400 and 600 km, the correlation deteriorates on the long length scales and becomes even worse at the short length scales. From the wavelet correlation spectra, we can extract an horizontal characteristic length scale of around 100 km, which may be related to the boundary interaction between the slab and the ambient mantle. The correlation results suggest that the thickness of the recumbent fast (cold) material in the transition zone is between 100 and 150 km. This large elliptical pattern of presumably cold material would act to inhibit the vigor of mantle convection locally beneath Europe today.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125–139
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: wavelets ; correlation ; tomography ; transition zone ; Mediterranean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 31
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    Orogens and slabs vs. their direction of subduction (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Subduction zones appear primarily controlled by the polarity of their direction, i.e., W-directed or E- to NNE-directed, probably due to the westward drift of the lithosphere relative to the asthenosphere. The decollement planes behave differently in the two end-members. In the W-directed subduction zone, the decollement of the plate to the east is warped and subducted, whereas in the E- to NNE-directed, it is ramping upward at the surface. There are W-directed subduction zones that work also in absence of active convergence like the Carpathians or the Apennines. W-directed subduction zones have shorter life 30–40 Ma.than E- or NE-directed subduction zones even longer than 100 Ma.. The different decollements in the two end-members of subduction should control different PTt paths and, therefore, generate variable metamorphic assemblages in the associated accretionary wedges and orogens. These asymmetries also determine different topographic and structural evolutions that are marked by low topography and a fast ‘eastward’ migrating structural wave along W-directed subduction zones, whereas the topography and the structure are rapidly growing upward and expanding laterally along the opposite subduction zones. The magmatic pair calc-alkaline and alkaline–tholeiitic volcanic products of the island arc and the back-arc basin characterise the W-directed subduction zones. Magmatic rocks associated with E- or NE-directed subduction zones have higher abundances of incompatible elements, and mainly consist of calc-alkaline– shoshonitic suites, with large volumes of batholithic intrusions and porphyry copper ore deposits. The subduction zones surrounding the Adriatic plate in the central Mediterranean confirm the differences among subduction zones as primarily controlled by the geographic polarity of the main direction of the slab. The western margin of the Adriatic plate contemporaneously overridden and underthrust Europe toward the ‘west’ to generate, respectively, the Alps and the Apennines, while the eastern margin subducted under the Dinarides–Hellenides. These belts confirm the characters of the end-members of subduction zones as a function of their geographic polarity similarly to the Pacific subduction zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 167–208
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tectonics ; subduction zones ; orogens ; Mediterranean geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 32
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    The southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone: Deep geometry, magmatism and Plio-Pleistocene evolution (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on a high-resolution Vp, Vp/Vs and Qp model of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone, obtained by the inversion of P- and S wave arrival times and t* values from intraslab seismicity. The arcuate shape of the southern Apennines–Calabrian arc-Sicilian Maghrebides is perfectly mirrored by two rather continuous low and high Vp bands lying beneath the belt system at ca. 25 and 100 km, respectively. Between 100 and 300 km, two independent high Vp slabs lie beneath the Neapolitan region and the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, separated by unperturbed mantle. We suggest that the ca. 150 km-wide slab window beneath the southern Apennines opened after a tear occurring within a composite subduction system, formed by the Apulian continental lithosphere and the Ionian oceanic slab. The abrupt slab rupture induced ultrafast southeastward retreat of the Ionian slab, and the 19 cm/yr spreading of the back-arc oceanic Marsili basin between ca. 2.1 and 1.6 Ma ago. The 25 km low Vp zone beneath the arc denotes continental upper crustal rocks below the chain. Its striking continuity requires a unique orogenic wedge at 25 km depth below the southern Apennines, the Calabrian arc, and the Sicilian Maghrebides. The alternative explanation would imply the ubiquitous occurrence of autochthonous lower plate rocks at 25 km depth, i.e. a puzzling autochthonous continental Calabria. The Ionian slab beneath Calabria shows high Vp, high Qp and low Vp/Vs anomalies, typical of old oceanic lithosphere. Intermediate depth seismicity is concentrated within its thin oceanic crust, suggesting the occurrence of vigorous metamorphism. The slab dehydration promotes the melting of the overlying mantle, as testified by high Vp/Vs and low Qp anomalies between the slab and the Aeolian magmatic arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 408-423
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic tomography ; recent evolution of the Ionian slab ; deep earthquakes slab dehydration and magmatism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs
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  • 33
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    Vertical-axis rotation of a foreland fold and implications for orogenic curvature: an example from the Southern Pyrenees, Spain (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In curved orogenic systems where thrusting and vertical-axis rotations have been documented, it is possible to determine whether the curvature is secondary or progressive based on the timing between the two motions. The South-Central Unit of the Southern Pyrenees provides an opportunity to investigate relationships between thrusting, folding, and vertical-axis rotation because of unusual preservation of Tertiary synorogenic sedimentary strata. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from 51 sites in the upper Eocene-lower Oligocene continental synorogenic strata of the Oliana anticline, a foreland fold along the eastern margin of the South-Central Unit. Site-mean characteristic remanent magnetization directions were determined from 17 sites through thermal demagnetization and principal component analysis. In addition, 72 samples were collected from 39 stratigraphic levels spanning the Upper Eocene marine marls and treated with thermal and alternating field demagnetization techniques. Of these, 53 samples yielded demagnetization trajectories that further constrained the rotation. Comparison of the observed mean paleomagnetic direction from the Oliana anticline with the expected direction indicates a counterclockwise rotation (R ± ΔR) of 20.3° ± 10.9°. Based on the stratigraphic horizons recording the rotation, the age of the rotation is younger than ~34 Ma (after deposition of Unit 3). Data covering the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene time interval indicate a similar magnitude of rotation, suggesting that late stage emplacement of thrust sheets hinterlandward of the Oliana anticline controlled the rotation, with rotation accommodated along regionally extensive evaporites. The well-constrained timing relationships between thrusting and rotation and the regional and local transport directions, suggest that the South-Central Unit is a progressive curve that formed through distributed shortening.
    Description: Published
    Description: 435-449
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pyrenees ; Oliana anticline ; synorogenic strata ; paleomagnetism ; salients ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 34
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    Paleo-environmental and volcano-tectonic evolution of the southeastern £ank of Mt. Etna during the last 225 ka inferred from the volcanic succession of the ‘Timpe’, Acireale, Sicily (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The tectonic escarpments locally known as ‘Timpe’ cut a large sector of the eastern flank of Etna, and allow an ancient volcanic succession dating back to 225 ka to be exposed. Geological and volcanological investigations carried out on this succession have allowed us to recognize relevant angular unconformities and volcanic features which are the remnants of eruptive fissures, as well as important changes in the nature, composition and magmatic affinity of the exposed volcanics. In particular, the recognition in the lower part of the succession of important and unequivocal evidence of ancient eruptive fissures led us to propose a local origin for these volcanics and to revise previous interpretations which attributed their westward-dipping to the progressive tectonic tilting of strata. These elements led us to reinterpret the main features of the volcanic activity occurring since 250 ka BP and their relationship with tectonic structures active in the eastern flank of Etna. We propose a complex paleo-environmental and volcanotectonic evolution of the southeastern flank of Mt. Etna, in which the Timpe fault system played the role of the crustal structure that allowed the rise and eruption of magmas in the above considered time span.
    Description: Published
    Description: 289-306
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; tectonics ; fisssure eruptions ; columnar basalt ; fault escarpment ; xenoliths ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 35
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    From mantle to crust: Stretching the Mediterranean (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The origin of forces driving the deformation of the continental crust near subduction zones and especially in backarc regions is debated. Thiswork is based on a compilation of SKS fast splitting directions that give an image of flowlines in themantle around theMediterranean subduction zones and a comparisonwith stretching and shear directions in metamorphic core complexes that show the pattern of deformation at the scale of the middle and lower crusts.We find that : (1) the two sets of directions are parallel in the three main backarc regions, namely the Alboran Sea, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Aegean Sea showing that the lithosphere deformswith the samedirection of stretching in the crust and themantle, suggesting that (2) crustal deformation ismainly driven frombelowby slab retreat, and (3) the lithospheric fabric is reset within a few millions of years in backarc environments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 198–209
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: subduction ; seismic anisotropy ; backarc extension ; slab retreat ; stretching lineation ; metamorphic core complexes ; Mediterranean ; Aegean ; Tyrrhenian ; Alboran ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 36
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    Nitrogen Isotopes in Volcanic Fluids of Different Geodynamic Settings (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Nitrogen isotopes , N2/36Ar and 3He/4He were measured in volcanic fluids within different geodynamic settings. Subduction zones are represented by Aeolian archipelago, Mexican volcanic belt and Hellenic arc, spreading zones – by Socorro island in Mexico and Iceland and hot spots by Iceland and Islands of Cabo Verde. The δ15N values, corrected for air contamination of volcanic fluids, discharged from Vulcano Island (Italy), highlighted the presence of heavy nitrogen (around +4.3 ±0.5‰). Similar 15N values (around +5‰), have been measured for the fluids collected in the Jalisco Block, that is a geologically and tectonically complex forearc zone of the northwestern Mexico [1]. Positive values (15N around +3‰) have been also measured in the volcanic fluids discharged from Nysiros island located in the Ellenic Arc characterized by subduction processes. All uncorrected data for the Socorro island are in the range of -1 to -2‰. The results of raw nitrogen isotope data of Iceland samples reveal more negative isotope composition (about -4.4‰). On the basis of the non-atmospheric N2 fraction (around 50%) the corrected data of 15N for Iceland are around -16‰, very close to the values proposed by [2]. In a volcanic gas sample from Fogo volcano (Cabo Verde islands) we found a very negative value: -9.9‰ and -15‰ for raw and corrected values, respectively.
    Description: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
    Description: Published
    Description: Davos, Switzerland
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Nitrogen Isotopes ; Helium Isotopes ; Volcanic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 37
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    Can Earth's rotation and tidal despinning drive plate tectonics? (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We re-evaluate the possibility that Earth's rotation contributes to plate tectonics on the basis of the following observations: 1) plates move along a westerly polarized flow that forms an angle relative to the equator close to the revolution plane of the Moon; 2) plate boundaries are asymmetric, being their geographic polarity the first order controlling parameter; unlike recent analysis, the slab dip is confirmed to be steeper along W-directed subduction zones; 3) the global seismicity depends on latitude and correlates with the decadal oscillations of the excess length of day (LOD); 4) the Earth's deceleration supplies energy to plate tectonics comparable to the computed budget dissipated by the deformation processes; 5) the Gutenberg–Richter law supports that the whole lithosphere is a self-organized system in critical state, i.e., a force is acting contemporaneously on all the plates and distributes the energy over the whole lithospheric shell, a condition that can be satisfied by a force acting at the astronomical scale. Assuming an ultra-low viscosity layer in the upper asthenosphere, the horizontal component of the tidal oscillation and torque would be able to slowly shift the lithosphere relative to the mantle.
    Description: Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA in the framework of project K 60394
    Description: Published
    Description: 60-73
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Earth's rotation ; Tidal despinning ; Earth's energy budget ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 38
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    Vein development during folding in the upper brittle crust: The case of tourmaline-rich veins of eastern Elba Island, northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Detailed structural analysis of tourmaline-rich veins hosted in the contact aureole of the ∼6 Ma Porto Azzurro granite in southeastern Elba Island, northern Tyrrhenian Sea is presented. Using geometric features of the veins, the physical conditions at the time of vein formation are estimated, namely the stress ratio (Φ = (σ2 − σ3)/(σ1 − σ3)), driving stress ratio (R′ = (Pf − σ3)/(σ1 − σ3)) and fluid overpressure (ΔPo = Pf − σ3). Two vein sets (A veins and B veins) have been recognized based on orientation and thickness distributions and infilling material. Analysis of vein pole distributions indicates Φ = 0.57 and R′ = 0.24 for the A veins and Φ = 0.58 and R′ = 0.47 for the B veins, and fluid pressures less than the intermediate stress magnitude. Analysis of geometric features of the veins gives estimated fluid overpressures of between ∼16 MPa (A veins) and ∼32 MPa (B veins). We propose a model for the tectonic environment of vein development, in which formation of secondary permeability in the deforming thermal aureole of the Porto Azzurro pluton was controlled by ongoing development of fracture systems in the hinge zone of a regional NNW–SSE trending fold that favored transport and localization of hydrothermal fluids.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1509-1522
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Thermal aureole ; Upper crust ; Deformation ; Fluid circulation ; Northern Apennines ; Elba Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 39
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    A pilot GIS database of active faults of Mt. Etna (Sicily): A tool for integrated hazard evaluation (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    In:  Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08. 013.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A pilot GIS-based system has been implemented for the assessment and analysis of hazard related to active faults affecting the eastern and southern flanks of Mt. Etna. The system structure was developed in ArcGis® environment and consists of different thematic datasets that include spatially-referenced arc-features and associated database. Arc-type features, georeferenced into WGS84 Ellipsoid UTM zone 33 Projection, represent the five main fault systems that develop in the analysed region. The backbone of the GIS-based system is constituted by the large amount of information which was collected from the literature and then stored and properly geocoded in a digital database. This consists of thirty five alpha-numeric fields which include all fault parameters available from literature such us location, kinematics, landform, slip rate, etc. Although the system has been implemented according to the most common procedures used by GIS developer, the architecture and content of the database represent a pilot backbone for digital storing of fault parameters, providing a powerful tool in modelling hazard related to the active tectonics of Mt. Etna. The database collects, organises and shares all scientific currently available information about the active faults of the volcano. Furthermore, thanks to the strong effort spent on defining the fields of the database, the structure proposed in this paper is open to the collection of further data coming from future improvements in the knowledge of the fault systems. By layering additional user-specific geographic information and managing the proposed database (topological querying) a great diversity of hazard and vulnerability maps can be produced by the user. This is a proposal of a backbone for a comprehensive geographical database of fault systems, universally applicable to other sites.
    Description: Published
    Description: 170-186
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GIS-based system ; Hazard assessment ; Volcano-tectonics ; Flank dynamics ; Georeferenced arc-features ; Active fault database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 40
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    An alternative model for the recent evolution of the Northern–Central Apennines (Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The aim of this paper is to propose an alternative model for the Pliocene-Quaternary to present evolution of the Northern–Central Apennines by combining geometrical requirements (Riedel shear system) with existing structural and geological geometries (fault systems and their tectonic associations). We define three sectors characterized by different geological, seismological, geodetic and geothermal signatures: the North-Western Sector (NWS), the Western Central Sector (WCS) and the Eastern Central Sector (ECS). According to GPS data derived from literature the three blocks move independently. In particular, the NWS is bound between the ECS/WCS and the Alps; this constraint leads to a stress accumulation responsible for a fragmentation into further several blocks, which move either to the NE or SW. The WCS is relatively stable; the ECS moves towards NE and is characterized by the presence of numerous releasing and restraining bends, which can be related to the action of a main NNW–SSE left-lateral shear zone. Accordingly, the recent and active tectonic setting of the Northern–Central Apennines is rather related to the dynamics of the introduced blocks, caused by the push of the African plate against Europe, than to subduction processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 55-63
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Northern-Central Apennines ; Riedel shear system ; Strike slip ; Restraining and releasing bends ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 41
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    Seismic moment tensors and regional stress in the area of the December 2013–January 2014, Matese earthquake sequence (Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The main goal of this study is to provide moment tensor solutions for small and moderate earthquakes of the Matese seismic sequence in southern Italy for the period of December 2013–January 2014. We estimate the focal mechanisms of 31 earthquakes with local magnitudes related to the Matese earthquake seismic sequence (December 2013–January 2014) in Southern-Central Italy which are recorded by the broadband stations of the Italian National Seismic Network and the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) run by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The solutions show that normal faulting is the prevailing style of seismic deformation in agreement with the local faults mapped outin the area. Comparisons with already published solutions and with seismological and geological information available allowed us to properly interpret the moment tensor solutions in the frame of the seismic sequence evolution and also to furnish additional information about less energetic seismic phases. Focal data were inverted to obtain the seismogenic stress in the study area. The results are compatible with the major tectonic domain of the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118-124
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Moment tensors ; Southern Italy ; Apennines ; Stress inversion ; Seismicity and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 42
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    Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate. Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related? The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-33
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seafloor and water columnobservatories ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
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  • 43
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    Seismotectonic features from accurate hypocentre locations in southern central Andes (western Argentina) (2011)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A local seismic network, over a five-year period, recorded about 450 earthquakes in western Argentina. In this region, the geodynamics is controlled by the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American lithosphere, which is characterised here by a sub-horizontal path before reassuming its downward descent. As accurate earthquake locations are of primary importance when studying the seismicity of a given area, events recorded by the local seismic network enable in-depth investigations into seismo-tectonic patterns, allowing to improve the earthquake source characterization and knowledge on the ongoing seismo-tectonics of the region. To this end, we performed a simultaneous 1-D inversion of both the velocity structure and the hypocentre location. The minimum 1-D model obtained is complemented by station corrections which lead to a first insight into the deeper 3-D structure. In addition, stability tests were performed to verify the robustness of our earthquake location results. They reveal a fairly stable hypocentre determination, demonstrating that the locations obtained by the inversion process are not systematically biased. The results show that Sierra Pie de Palo is characterised by a crustal seismogenic structure, dipping west and extending from its eastern boundary to about 30 km of depth. The study also provided new constraints on the geometry of the subducted slab. We noted a great concentration of shallower seismicity compared to that of the surrounding areas of the Wadati-Benioff zone, at the expected position of the Juan Fernandez Ridge (JFR). Our hypocentres indicate that JFR certainly influences the subduction style along its strike, leading to the formation of a bend in the slab geometry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 44-54
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Minimum 1-D velocity model ; high precision earthquake location ; seismogenic structure ; flat-slab subduction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
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    Strain and stress fields in the Southern Apennines (Italy) constrained by geodetic, seismological and borehole data (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present an improved evaluation of the current strain and stress fields in Southern Apennines (Italy) obtained through a careful analysis of geodetic, seismological and borehole data. In particular, our analysis provides an updated comparison between the accrued strain recorded by geodetic data, and the strain released by seismic activity in a region hit by destructive historical earthquakes. To this end, we have used 9 years of GPS observations (2001-2010) from a dense network of permanent stations, a dataset of 73 well constrained stress indicators (borehole breakouts and focal mechanisms of moderate to large earthquakes), and published estimations of the geological strain accommodated by active faults in the region. Although geodetic data are generally consistent with seismic and geologic information, previously unknown features of the current deformation in southern Italy emerge from this analysis. The newly obtained GPS velocity field supports the well-established notion of a dominant NE-SW-oriented extension concentrated in a ~50 km wide belt along the topographic relief of the Apennines, as outlined by the distribution of seismogenic normal faults. Geodetic deformation is, however, non uniform along the belt, with two patches of higher strain-rate and shear stress accumulation in the north (Matese Mountains) and in the south (Irpinia area). Low geodetic strain-rates are found in the Bradano basin and Apulia plateau to the east. Along the Ionian Sea margin of southern Italy, in southern Apulia and eastern Basilicata and Calabria, geodetic velocities indicate NW-SE extension which is consistent with active shallow-crustal gravitational motion documented by geological studies. In the west, along the Tyrrhenian margin of the Campania region, the tectonic geodetic field is disturbed by volcanic processes. Comparison between the magnitude of the geodetic and the seismic strain-rates (computed using a long historical seismicity catalogue) allow detecting areas of high correlation, particularly along the axis of the mountain chain, indicating that most of the geodetic strain is released by earthquakes. This relation does not hold for the instrumental seismic catalogue, as a consequence of the limited time span covered by instrumental data. In other areas (e.g. Murge plateau in central Apulia), where seismicity is very low or absent, the yet appreciable geodetic deformation might be accommodated in aseismic mode. Overall, the excellent match between the stress and the strain-rate directions in much of the Apennines indicates that both earthquakes and ground deformation patterns are driven by the same crustal forces.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1270-1282
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Satellite geodesy ; Plate motions ; Neotectonics ; Europe ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 45
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    Can local earthquake tomography settle the matter about subduction in the Northern and Central Apennines? Response from a new high resolution P velocity and Vp/Vs ratio 3-D model (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: According to the most common interpretation, the Apennines developed in Neogene and Quaternary times in the hanging wall of a west directed subduction zone. Seismic tomography is the most powerful tool to investigate large volume of Earth at depth, and it has been extensively applied to shed light on the geometry and shape of the subduction under the Italian peninsula. The various experiments were able to display the slab under the Southern Apennines, but even the most recent tomographic images were non-uniquely interpretable and left open questions about the characteristics of the subduction in the Northern-Central sector of the chain. We here present the results of an improved inversion experiment focused on the Northern and Central Apennines. The results do not show any pronounced subduction slab and the most evident anomaly is a low velocity body extending down to 100 km depth, located in a relatively small area under the western Tuscany. On the basis of accurate synthetic tests, we assess that, if established, a subduction like geometry should be visible in our tomographic images. We then conclude that no subduction is imaged in the Northern and Central Apennines. We thus interpret this anomaly as an asthenospheric flow. However, we cannot exclude that our result is due to intrinsic limitations of the methodology. In fact in response to the original question about the capability of local earthquake tomography to settle the matter about subduction, we underline that the absence of deep earthquakes to illuminate the model from below, the existence of seismic gaps in some sectors of the area under study even at shallow depth and the non uniqueness of interpretation of the tomographic images make local tomography unable to give alone definitive information on the deep structure of the Northern and Central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 63-73
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic tomography ; Apennines ; Subduction ; Asthenospheric upwelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 46
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    The deformation offshore of Mount Etna as imaged by multichannel seismic reflection profiles (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Despite the clear evidence of active flank dynamics that is affecting the eastern side of Mount Etna, the contribution of tectonic processes has not been yet understood. So far, the various models proposed to explain the observed flank deformation have been based on onshore structural data, coming from the volcanic edifice. The Ionian offshore of Mount Etna has been only recently investigated using multichannel seismic profiles, and offers the opportunity to image the structural features of the substrate of the unstable flank of the volcano. This contribution aims at describing the deformation located offshore Mount Etna using multichannel seismic profiles recently acquired during three seismic surveys. The onshore flank deformation of Mount Etna appears to be laterally confined by two tectonic guidelines, trending roughly E–W, located to the north and south of the deforming flank; the northern guideline, in particular, takes the surface expression of a sharp fault (Pernicana Fault). Though often assumed that these boundary structures continue offshore as linear features, connected to a frontal thrust ramp, the occurrence of this simple offshore structural system has not been imaged. In fact, seismic data show a remarkable degree of structural complexity offshore Mount Etna. The Pernicana Fault, for instance, is not continuing offshore as a sharp feature; rather, the deformation is expressed as ENE–WSW folds located very close to the coastline. It is possible that these tectonic structures might have affected the offshore of Mount Etna before the Pernicana Fault system was developed, less than 15 ka ago. The southern guideline of the collapsing eastern flank of the volcano is poorly expressed onshore, and does not show up offshore; in fact, seismic data indicate that the Catania canyon, a remarkable E–W-trending feature, does not reflect a tectonic control. Seismic interpretation also shows the occurrence of a structural high located just offshore the edifice of Mount Etna. Whereas a complex deformation affects the boundary of this offshore bulge, it shows only limited internal deformation. Part of the topography of the offshore bulge pre-existed the constructional phase of Mount Etna, being an extension of the Hyblean Plateau. Only in the northern part, the bulge is a recent tectonic feature, being composed by Plio-Quaternary strata that were folded before and during the building of Mount Etna. The offshore bulge is bounded by a thrust fault that can be related to the intrusion of the large-scale magmatic body below Mount Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50-64
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mount Etna offshore ; Volcano flank instability ; Active tectonics ; Multichannel reflection seismics ; Intrusive body ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism
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  • 47
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    Foreland segmentation along an active convergent margin: New constraints in southeastern Sicily (Italy) from seismic and geodetic observations (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We performed an in-depth analysis of the ongoing tectonics of a large sector of southern Sicily, including the Hyblean Foreland and the front of the Maghrebian Chain, as well as the Ionian Sea offshore, through the integration of seismic and GPS observations collected in the nearly two decades. In particular, a dataset consisting of more than 1100 small-to moderate-magnitude earthquakes (1.0 ≤ ML ≤ 4.6) has been used for local earthquake tomography in order to trace the characteristics of the faulting systems, and for focal mechanisms computation to resolve the current local stress field and to characterise the faulting regime of the investigated area. In addition, GPS measurements, carried out on both episodic and continuous stations, allowed us to infer the main features of the current crustal deformation pattern. Main results evidence that the Hyblean Plateau is subject to a general strike–slip faulting regime, with a maximum horizontal stress axis NW–SE to NNW–SSE oriented, in agreement with the Eurasia–Nubia direction of convergence. The Plateau is separated into two different tectonic crustal blocks by the left-lateral strike–slip Scicli–Ragusa Fault System. The western block moves in agreement with central Sicily while the eastern one accommodates part of the contraction arising from the main Eurasia–Nubia convergence. Furthermore, we provided evidences leading to consider the Hyblean–Maltese Escarpment Fault System as an active boundary characterised by a left-lateral strike–slip motion, separating the eastern block of the Plateau from the Ionian basin. All these evidences lend credit to a crustal segmentation of the southeastern Sicily.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137-149
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Southeastern Sicily ; Seismotectonics ; Tomography ; Focal mechanisms ; Crustal stress ; Geodetic strain rate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 48
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    Fault architecture in the Main Ethiopian Rift and comparison with experimental models: Implications for rift evolution and Nubia–Somalia kinematics (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) offers a complete record of the time–space evolution of a continental rift. We have characterized the brittle deformation in different rift sectors through the statistical analysis of a new database of faults obtained from the integration between satellite images and digital elevation models, and implemented with field controls. This analysis has been compared with the results of lithospheric-scale analogue models reproducing the kinematical conditions of orthogonal and oblique rifting. Integration of these approaches suggests substantial differences in fault architecture in the different rift sectors that in turn reflect an along-axis variation of the rift development and southward decrease in rift evolution. The northernmost MER sector is in a mature stage of incipient continental rupture, with deformation localised within the rift floor along discrete tectono-magmatic segments and almost inactive boundary faults. The central MER sector records a transitional stage in which migration of deformation from boundary faults to faults internal to the rift valley is in an incipient phase. The southernmost MER sector is instead in an early continental stage, with the largest part of deformation being accommodated by boundary faults and almost absent internal faults. The MER thus records along its axis the typical evolution of continental rifting, from fault-dominated rift morphology in the early stages of extension toward magma-dominated extension during break-up. The extrapolation of modelling results suggests that a variable rift obliquity contributes to the observed along-axis variations in rift architecture and evolutionary stage, being oblique rifting conditions controlling the MER evolution since its birth in the Late Miocene in relation to a constant post ca. 11 Ma ~ N100°E Nubia–Somalia motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 479-492
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: continental rifting ; East African Rift ; Main Ethiopian Rift ; rift kinematics ; plate kinematics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 49
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    Evidence of large scale deformation patterns from GPS data in the Italian subduction boundary (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the velocity field in Italy derived from over 300 continuous GPS stations operated in the 1998– 2009 time span. The GPS network maps the whole country with a mean inter-site distance of about 50 km and provides a valuable source of data to study the ongoing deformation processes in the central Mediterranean. The estimated horizontal and vertical velocity fields show major significant features and also less known second-order kinematic features. A general uplift characterizes the whole Apennines and Alpine belts that follow the topographic ridge, whereas the Po Plain shows a gradually increasing subsidence from west to east. The Apennines belt displays a distinctive extension (50–80 10−9 yr−1)while compressive tectonic regimes characterize northern Sicily, eastern Alps and the northeast front of the northern Apennines (25–50 10−9 yr−1). Second-order deformation patterns, on large scale wavelength (~100 km) have been detected on the accretionary prism of central and southern Apennines that are highly correlated with other geophysical data (Vp anomalies, seismic anisotropy, etc.) and related to deep rooted sections (70– 100 km), marked by different subduction regimes. Apparently at this scale-length the observed deformations are governed by the lithosphere as a whole. We interpret these deformations as a result of different subduction mechanisms, such as variations of the subduction rollback velocity affecting different segments of the subduction zone and/or to mantle flows in proximity of the slab edges. Further south, in central-southern Sicily, we detect a contraction of (−1.1±0.2) mm/yr that probably accommodates part of the Africa–Eurasia convergence on the outer thrust front of the Apennines–Maghrebides belt. This hypothesis agrees with an independent analysis of the seismicity associated to the Sicilian Basal Thrust, thought to be still active. The ITRF2005 estimates of the new GPS velocity field are available also in SINEX format as supplementary file S1.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230-241
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: GPS velocity field ; Apennines ; Alps ; Adria ; Plate kinematics ; Subduction zone ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 50
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    An overview of experimental models to understand a complex volcanic instability: Application to Mount Etna, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic edifices are often unable to support their own load, triggering the instability of their flanks. Many analogue models have been aimed, especially in the last decade, at understanding the processes leading to volcano flank instability; general behaviors were defined and the experimental results were compared to nature. However, available data at well-studied unstable volcanoes may allow a deeper understanding of the specific processes leading to instability, providing insights also at the local scale. Etna (Italy) constitutes a suitable example for such a possibility, because of its well-monitored flank instability, for which different triggering factors have been proposed in the last two decades. Among these factors, recent InSAR data highlight the role played by magmatic intrusions and a weak basement, under a differential unbuttressing at the volcano base. This study considers original and recently published experimental data to test these factors possibly responsible for flank instability, with the final aim to better understand and summarize the conditions leading to flank instability at Etna. In particular, we simulate the following processes: a) the longterm activity of a lithospheric boundary, as the Malta Escarpment, separating the Ionian oceanic lithosphere from the continental Sicilian lithosphere, below the most unstable east flank of the volcano; b) spreading due to a weak basement, with different boundary conditions; c) the pressurization of a magmatic reservoir, as that active during the 1994–2001 inflation period; d) dike emplacement, as observed during the major 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. The experimental results suggest that: 1) the long-term activity of a lithospheric tectonic boundary may create a topographic slope which provides a differential buttressing at the volcano base, a preparing factor to drive longer-term (〉105 years) instability on the east flank of the volcano; 2) volcano spreading (b104 years) has limited effect on flank instability at Etna; 3) magmatic intrusions (b101 years), both in the form of Mogi-like sources or dikes, provide the most important conditions to trigger flank instability on the shorter-term.
    Description: Thisworkwas partially funded by INGV and the Italian DPC (DPC-INGV project V4 “Flank”).
    Description: Published
    Description: 98-111
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcano instability ; analogue modeling ; Etna ; unbuttressing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 51
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    Evidence for a recent change in the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna (Italy): Gas geochemistry and structural data during 2001–2005 (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We analyzed crater SO2 fluxes from Mt Etna, together with soil CO2 effluxes from the volcano's flanks, in the period from 2001 to 2005. Between the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions, persistently low values of both parameters suggest that no new gas-rich magma was accumulating at shallow depth (b5 km) within Etna's central conduit, whereas very high SO2 sin-eruptive fluxes during the two eruptions indicated sudden decompression of an un-degassed magma rising along newly-formed eccentric conduits. In November 2003, soil CO2 data indicate migration of gas-rich magma from deep (〉10 km) to shallow (b5 km) portions of the feeding conduits, preceded by an increase in crater SO2 fluxes. A similar behavior was observed also during and after the following 2004–2005 eruption. This degassing style matches a period of increased structural instability of the volcanic edifice caused by acceleration of spreading that affected both its eastern and southern flanks. Spreading could have triggered progressively deeper depressurization in the central conduit, inducing release of the more soluble gas (SO2) first, and then of CO2, contrary to what was observed before the 2001 eruption. This suggests that the edifice has depressurized, promoting ascent of fresh-magma and increasing permeability favouring release of CO2 flux. By integrating geochemical and structural data, previous degassing models developed at Mt. Etna have been updated to advance the understanding of eruptive events that occurred in recent years.
    Description: This work was funded by grants from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and from the Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile (Italy).
    Description: Published
    Description: 90-97
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geochemical modeling ; volcano monitoring ; volcanic gases ; Tectonics and magmatism ; flank collapse ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 52
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    The attenuation mechanism of S-waves in the source zone of the 1999 Chamoli earthquake (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the present study the attenuation mechanism of seismic wave energy in and around the source area of the Chamoli earthquake of 29th March 1999 is estimated using the aftershock data. Most of the analyzed events are from the vicinity of the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which is a well-defined tectonic discontinuity in the Himalayas. Separation of intrinsic (Q 1 i ) and scattering (Q 1 s ) attenuation coefficient is done over the frequencies 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Hz using Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis (MLTWA) method. It is observed that S-waves and their coda are primarily attenuated due to scattering attenuation and seismic albedo is very high at all the frequencies. A comparison of attenuation characteristics obtained using these aftershock data with those obtained using data of general seismicity of this region reveal that at lower frequencies both intrinsic and scattering attenuation for Chamoli was much higher compared to those for Garwhal-Kumaun region using general seismicity data. At higher frequencies intrinsic attenuation for Chamoli is lower than and scattering attenuation is comparable to those obtained using general seismicity data of Garwhal-Kumaun region.
    Description: A partial support has been given by Italy INGV-DPC (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Dipartimento di Protezione Civile) Projects UNREST and SPEED, and by Italy’s Ministry of Education PRIN project (Seismic Hazard in Central Apennines, UR Del Pezzo).
    Description: Published
    Description: 446-454
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: MLTWA ; Intrinsic attenuation ; Scattering attenuation ; Chamoli Himalayas ; Himalayas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 53
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    Neogene–Quaternary evolution of the central Apennine orogenic system (Italy): a structural and palaeomagnetic approach in the Molise region (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: We report on new palaeomagnetic and magnetic fabric analyses of mainly Upper Miocene sedimentary sequences from the external central Apennine fold and thrust belt (Molise area), where the principal compressive structures are clearly non-coaxial. The sampling was carried out on the E–W-oriented Matese–Frosolone thrust sheet, that for its geographical position and structural setting (superposition of thrusting, strike-slip and extensional tectonics since Late Miocene to present-day) represents a key structure for the comprehension of the Neogene–Quaternary evolution of the entire Molise area. Palaeomagnetic results suggest that the Matese–Frosolone thrust sheet counterclockwise rotated at least 35° after Messinian times. These data confirm that the present-day trend variability observed in the main compressional structures in the Apennine chain can be related to rotations about vertical axes rather than to changes in the stress field orientation, at least since Late Miocene times. Magnetic fabric analyses indicate that the studied sediments were subjected to very mild deformation, suggesting that the surface emergence of the thrust front of the Matese–Frosolone unit is located farther north, far from the studied area. Well-defined magnetic lineations of tectonic origin were only observed in sites close to localised belts of strike-slip deformation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 143-157
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Apennines ; palaeomagnetism ; anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility ; structural geology ; Neogene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 54
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    Evidence of a recent rapid subsidence in the S–E Cyclades (Greece): An effect of the 1956 Amorgos earthquake? (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: An underwater geomorphological survey along the coasts of six Cycladic islands (Sifnos, Antiparos, Paros, Naxos, Iraklia and Keros) revealed widespread evidence of a recent 30–40 cm submergence, part of which may have seismic origin. Comparison with information reported from earthquakes having affected the area suggests that at least part of the recent submergence might be an effect of the 1956 Amorgos earthquake. Modelling of the co-seismic and short-term post-seismic effects of the earthquake revealed that part of the observed subsidence may be explained in some of the islands by a fast post-seismic relaxation of a low-viscosity layer underlying the seismogenic zone. However far-field observations are underestimated by our model, and may be affected by a wider deformation field induced by the largest aftershock of the Amorgos sequence, or by other earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 27-40
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: tidal notch ; sea level change ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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