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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1–18 Hz Lg attenuation in the Granada Basin (southern Spain) (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 111 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The attenuation of the Lg waves for the Granada Basin has been analysed. This study has been done in the frequency domain, eliminating the influences of the source, the instrumental response and the local site response, using the Reverse Two-Station Method (RTSM). The average QLg value for the whole region, obtained for all the paths is: QLg= (105 ± 25)∞(0.93±0.14).The average values of QLg determined for this region are lower than those corresponding to other areas of Spain, and are similar to those of coda-Q obtained using local coda and single scattering methods, for some determined focal depth and for some lapse times (50 and 70 s). Small differences of the attenuation are observed between paths that cross the central part and the edges of the basin. A detailed analysis showed that the E-W and the N-S directions have differences between attenuation values; in the E-W direction Q0Lg (the QLg value at 1 Hz of frequency) is 131 ± 7 and in the N-S one Q0Lg is 88 ± 21. The frequency dependence is similar to the average QLg value. These values may indicate that the attenuation of the Lg waves, at least for this region, may not be affected by only the anelastic dissipation, but also by scattering process. The N-S direction is normal to the dominating fault systems and seems to provide a greater scattering effect than the E-W direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00576.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of scattering and intrinsic attenuation in southern Spain and western Anatolia (Turkey) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We have obtained a separation of intrinsic and scattering attenuation in two tectonically active areas of the Mediterranean Basin, southern Spain and western Anatolia, using the Multiple-Lapse Time Window Method. In southern Spain, Qs is predominant over Qi for frequencies lower than 4 Hz: between 4 and 8 Hz, results show similar scattering and intrinsic attenuation. For frequencies higher than 8 Hz, intrinsic attenuation is clearly dominant over scattering. Le−1 does not change uniformly with frequency: it increases until 8 Hz and decreases at frequencies greater than 8 Hz. The integrated energy curves of western Anatolia do not show regular change with distance. For the first energy window (0–15 s), there is a clear increase of the energy with distances between 0 and 80 km, and then a decrease after 80 km. The fit of the experimental data in the full hypocentral distance range is not good. We divided the experimental energy curves into two different segments, 0–80 and 80–170 km. In 0–80 km, Bo is close to 1 and the Le−1 values are low (0.004–0.013). In the second distance range (80–170 km) intrinsic attenuation is predominant over scattering. Qs−1 is more frequency-dependent than Qi−1: f−l.47 against f−l.29. We observed that coda Q−1 is equal to the observed Qi−1 for intermediate frequencies, in both regions. However, Qc−1 is really similar to Qs−1 for short distances and is between Qi and Qs for long distances in southern Spain at low frequencies. Qc is similar to the observed Qt in both regions at high frequencies. The poor fit of the simulated curves with experimental data can be explained by introducing geometrical spreading values different to those used here. It is necessary to improve the model used by taking into account phenomena like non-isotropic scattering, variation of attenuation with depth, the presence of surface waves or a geometrical spreading value different to the theoretical one used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb05715.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathogenic fungi of the spittlebug in Mexico. III. Innocuity ofErynia neoaphidis andConidiobolus major in experimental animals (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Erynia neoaphidis ; Conidiobolus major ; innocuity ; experimental animals ; biological control agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'utilisation des Entomophthorales dans la lutte biologique contre les insectes n'est possible qu'après avoir vérifié leur innocuité vis-à-vis des vertébrés. Dans ce but, des injections sous-cutanées et intrapéritonéales ont été réalisées chez 274 animaux (cobayes et souris) à l'aide de mycélium et spores deErynia neoaphidis etConidiobolus major pathogènes de la “mosca pinta”. Les seules lésions tissulaires observées sont des nodules, des abcès et des adhérences au niveau de la rate, du foie, des reins et du péritoine. Les champignons n'ont jamais pu être réisolés à partir des divers organes. Les observations histopathologiques ne montrent aucune altération pathologique importante; seuls des filaments lysés entourés de polymorphonucléaires ont pu être retrouvés. Ces résultats indiquent l'innocuité deE. neoaphidis etC. major vis-à-vis des souris et des cobayes.
    Notes: Abstract Previous research concerning theEntomophthorales has demonstrated their capabilities as biological control agents. To use them widely and at industrial levels, studies to demonstrate their innocuity in animals must be made. The present study concerns the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous inoculation of 274 animals (mice and guinea pigs) withErynia neoaphidis Remaudière & Hennebert andConidiobolus major (Thaxter) Remaudière & Keller, fungi pathogenic for the spittlebug [Aeneolamia postica (Walk) andProsapia simulans (Walk)] in Mexico. The alterations found were macroscopic tissue lesions consisting of nodules, abscesses and adhesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys and intraperitoneal cavity. No fungi could be recovered from organs at any time and only lysed filaments surrounded by polymorphonuclear cells could be seen at day 8 post-inoculation. The histopathological findings showed no important pathological alterations. These results suggest the innocuity ofErynia neoaphidis Remaudière & Hennebert andConidiobolus mamor (Thaxter) Remaudière & Keller in mice and guinea pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373153
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  • 4
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    Analysis of the Characteristics in the Meudon Constrained Evolution Scheme (2007)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1742-6588
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-6596
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 5
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    Effect of heavy metals on the surface free energy and zeta potential of volcanic glass: implications on the adhesion and growth of microorganisms (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Seismic tomography model reveals mantle magma sources of recent volcanic activity at El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain) (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-23
    Description: We present a 3-D model of P and S velocities beneath El Hierro Island, constructed using the traveltime data of more than 13 000 local earthquakes recorded by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN, Spain) in the period from 2011 July to 2012 September. The velocity models were performed using the LOTOS code for iterative passive source tomography. The results of inversion were thoroughly verified using different resolution and robustness tests. The results reveal that the majority of the onshore area of El Hierro is associated with a high-velocity anomaly observed down to 10–12-km depth. This anomaly is interpreted as the accumulation of solid igneous rocks erupted during the last 1 Myr and intrusive magmatic bodies. Below this high-velocity pattern, we observe a low-velocity anomaly, interpreted as a batch of magma coming from the mantle located beneath El Hierro. The boundary between the low- and high-velocity anomalies is marked by a prominent seismicity cluster, thought to represent anomalous stresses due to the interaction of the batch of magma with crust material. The areas of recent eruptions, Orchilla and La Restinga, are associated with low-velocity anomalies surrounding the main high-velocity block. These eruptions took place around the island where the crust is much weaker than the onshore area and where the melted material cannot penetrate. These results put constraints on the geological model that could explain the origin of the volcanism in oceanic islands, such as in the Canaries, which is not yet clearly understood.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    Spatial distribution of intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation in active volcanic islands - II: Deception Island images (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-04
    Description: In this work, we present regional maps of the inverse intrinsic quality factor ( Q i –1 ), the inverse scattering quality factor ( Q s –1 ) and total inverse quality factor ( Q t –1 ) for the volcanic environment of Deception Island (Antarctica). Our attenuation study is based on diffusion approximation, which permits us to obtain the attenuation coefficients for every single couple source-receiver separately. The data set used in this research is derived from an active seismic experiment using more than 5200 offshore shots (air guns) recorded at 32 onshore seismic stations and four ocean bottom seismometers. To arrive at a regional distribution of these values, we used a new mapping technique based on a Gaussian space probability function. This approach led us to create ‘2-D probabilistic maps’ of values of intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation. The 2-D tomographic images confirm the existence of a high attenuation body below an inner bay of Deception Island. This structure, previously observed in 2-D and 3-D velocity tomography of the region, is associated with a massive magma reservoir. Magnetotelluric studies reach a similar interpretation of this strong anomaly. Additionally, we observed areas with lower attenuation effects that bear correlation with consolidated structures described in other studies and associated with the crystalline basement of the area. Our calculations of the transport mean-free path and absorption length for intrinsic attenuation gave respective values of 950 m and 5 km, which are lower than the values obtained in tectonic regions or volcanic areas such as Tenerife Island. However, as observed in other volcanic regions, our results indicate that scattering effects dominate strongly over the intrinsic attenuation.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Spatial distribution of intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation in active volcanic islands - I: model and the case of Tenerife Island (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-04
    Description: The complex volcanic system of Tenerife Island is known to have a highly heterogeneous character, as recently confirmed by velocity tomography. We present new information derived from intrinsic quality factor inverse maps ( Q i –1 ), scattering quality factor inverse maps ( Q s –1 ) and total quality factor inverse maps ( Q t –1 ) obtained for the same region. The data set used in this work is the result of the analysis of an active seismic experiment carried out, using offshore shots (air guns) recorded at over 85 onshore seismic stations. The estimates of the attenuation parameters are based on the assumption that the seismogram energy envelopes are determined by seismic energy diffusion processes occurring inside the island. Diffusion model parameters, proportional to Q i –1 and to Q s –1 , are estimated from the inversion of the energy envelopes for any source–receiver couple. They are then weighted with a new graphical approach based on a Gaussian space probability function, which allowed us to create ‘2-D probabilistic maps’ representing the space distribution of the attenuation parameters. The 2-D images obtained reveal the existence of a zone in the centre of the island characterized by the lowest attenuation effects. This effect is interpreted as highly rigid and cooled rocks. This low-attenuation region is bordered by zones of high attenuation, associated with the recent historical volcanic activity. We calculate the transport mean free path obtaining a value of around 4 km for the frequency range 6–12 Hz. This result is two orders of magnitude smaller than values calculated for the crust of the Earth. An absorption length between 10 and 14 km is associated with the average intrinsic attenuation parameter. These values, while small in the context of tectonic regions, are greater than those obtained in volcanic regions such as Vesuvius or Merapi. Such differences may be explained by the magnitude of the region of study, over three times larger than the aforementioned study areas. This also implies deeper sampling of the crust, which is evidenced by a change in the values of seismic attenuation. One important observation is that scattering attenuation dominates over the intrinsic effects, Q i being at least twice the value of Q s .
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
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    Assessment of a high-resolution central scheme for the solution of the relativistic hydrodynamics equations (2004)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-26
    Print ISSN: 0004-6361
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0746
    Topics: Physics
    Published by EDP Sciences
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  • 10
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    Anomalous dynamics triggered by a non-convex equation of state in relativistic flows (2018)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
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